The Johannites and the Union of the Russian People Faced with a growing torrent of condemnation, the Joannites were forced to seek support in organizations that were not threatened with closure. It turned out not to be so difficult. The political views of the Johnites made them fighting comrades-in-arms

"The genius, spirit and character of the people is manifested in its proverbs" (F. Bacon)

Folk proverbs and sayings spiritual heritage which we inherited from our ancestors. This is truly a golden fount of folk wisdom accumulated over many centuries. They cover almost all aspects of our life, so it is very useful from early childhood to acquaint your baby with proverbs and sayings, to memorize, tell their meaning, where and in what cases they are used, learn to resort to them at every opportunity.

RUSSIAN FOLK PROVERBS AND SAYINGS.

To live life is not a field to cross.

Every Egor has a saying.
Proverb-flower, proverb-berry.

Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.

Life is given for good deeds.

Red speech proverb.

Trust in God, but don't make a mistake yourself.

A house is not built without corners, speech is not spoken without a proverb.

Wet rain is not afraid.

Small, but remote.

On someone else's side, I'm happy with my little funnel.

Whoever burns himself in milk, he blows into the water.

A cowardly bunny and a stump - a wolf.

There would be dinner, but the spoon is found.

From time immemorial, the book raises a person.

Own land and in a handful is sweet.

Ah yes oh will not give help.

Falsely acquired for the future will not work.

Once he lied, but for a century he became a liar.

The mother swings high and hits gently, the stepmother swings low and hits painfully.

On the native side and the pebble is familiar.

It is better to forgive ten guilty people than to execute one innocent.

Where the pine has grown, there it is red.

It is bad for him who does no good to anyone.

Wormwood does not grow without a root.

The sting is sharp, and the tongue is sharper.

Without a friend in the heart of a blizzard.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

There is no friend, so look for, but there is, so take care.

A liar is always an unfaithful friend, he will deceive you around.

The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother.

Where to live, there to be known.

They are greeted by clothes, and escorted by mind.

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

That bird is stupid, which does not like its nest.

To go on a visit - it is necessary to drive to yourself.

Trouble is trouble, and food is food.

On the other side, and the spring is not red.

Every man is the blacksmith of his own happiness.

On the other side, even the falcon is called a crow.

God will soak, God will dry.

Teach children without people.

A storm hits a tall tree.

Altyn silver does not break the ribs.

You don't get rich by cheating, you get poorer.

You go for a day, take bread for a week.

If you like to ride - love to carry sleds.

What is the spin, such is the shirt on it.

He destroys himself who does not love others.

It is better to be silent than to lie.

If you don't know how to sew with gold, then strike with a hammer.

The hand of the giver will not fail.

If only he knew where he fell, he spread straws here.

The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.

Summer works for winter, and winter works for summer.

Who indulges children, then sheds a tear.

For a scientist they give three unscientists, and even then they don’t take it.

In crowded but not mad.

What goes around comes around.

Prepare the sleigh in summer and the cart in winter.

Who knows a lot, much is asked.

Get up early, understand sensibly, perform diligently.

Perhaps they won’t bring it to good somehow.

The work of the master is afraid.

Play, play, but know the matter.

Finished the job - walk boldly.

You can't even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.

The envious eye sees far.

Health can not be bought - his mind gives.

Business time, fun hour.

The day is long until the evening, if there is nothing to do.

Who does not work shall not eat.

In the summer you work up - in the winter you get hungry.

Skillful hands do not know boredom.

Patience and a little effort.

You love to ride, love to carry sleds.

There will be a day - there will be food.

Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils.

Take it together, it won't be heavy.

Beware of troubles while they are not.

The craft does not ask to drink and eat, but feeds itself.

The snow is white, but they trample underfoot, the poppy is black, and people eat.

Although the child is crooked, the father-mother is cute.

Not an ax amuses, but a carpenter.

Do not sit idly by, and there will be no boredom.

Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Without work to live only to smoke the sky.

Postpone idleness, but do not postpone business.

Don't hurry with your tongue, hurry with your deeds.

Handle every task skillfully.

There would be a hunt - work will go well.

They are greeted by the dress, escorted by the mind.

Learning to read and write is always useful.

And the strength of the mind is inferior.

They sent a smart one - say one word, say three fools, and go after him yourself.

At smart head one hundred hands

Mind is good, but two is better.

You can't live without the sun, you can't live without the sweet.

As is the mind, so are the speeches.

In a smart conversation, gain your mind, lose your mind in a stupid one.

Know more and say less.

The stupid one turns sour, but the smart one will provide everything.

The bird is red in singing, and the man in learning.

An unlearned person is like an unsharpened axe.

The dunno lies, and the know-it-all runs far.

If you want to eat kalachi, don't sit on the stove.

From the window of the whole world you can not look back.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.

The alphabet is science, and the guys are beech.

An old friend is better than two new ones.

A friend argues, and an enemy agrees.

Do not recognize a friend in three days, recognize in three years.

A friend and brother is a great thing: you won’t get it soon.

I was with a friend, I drank water - sweeter than honey.

There is no friend, so look for, but you will find, so take care.

Make new friends, but don't lose old ones.

For a friend, seven miles is not a suburb.

An orphan without a friend, a family man with a friend.

Seven do not wait for one.

A horse is known in grief, and a friend in trouble.

When the sun is warm, when the mother is good.

There is no friend like a mother.

What is the treasure, if the family is in harmony.

Brotherly love is better than stone walls.

The bird is glad of spring, and the baby of the mother.

The children's hut is fun.

The whole family is together, and the soul is in place.

Maternal affection knows no end.

Maternal anger is like spring snow: and a lot of it falls, but it will soon melt.

The dear child has many names.

Grandmother - only one grandfather is not a grandson.

Good daughter Annushka, if mother and grandmother praise

From the same oven, but the rolls are not the same.

And a mad sheep will be born from a good father.

The bird is in the nest until autumn, and the children are in the house until the age.

From a bad seed do not expect a good tribe.

Capricious in childhood, ugly in years.

All children are equal - both boys and girls.

The children's hut is fun.

Painting by artist Pieter Brueghel called "Proverbs".

A painting by the artist Pieter Brueghel (1525/30–1569) titled “Sayings”. The name speaks for itself, the picture shows more than two dozen different instructive sayings. Here are some of them: banging your head against the wall, leading each other by the nose, pouring beads in front of pigs, putting sticks in wheels, sitting between two chairs, looking through your fingers, and others. Where in the picture is shown, what saying are you looking for yourself.

It is Vladimir Dahl who has the honor of being the most attentive and faithful researcher of oral folk art. The proverbs and sayings he collected never cease to reveal new facets to us in the deep wisdom of our ancestors and amaze us with subtle observation and wit.

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal
1000 Russian proverbs and sayings

Proverb is not judged

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal is famous a wide range readers primarily as the creator of the famous "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" - the richest treasury of the Russian word.

Dahl's no less remarkable work is his collection Proverbs of the Russian People, which includes more than thirty thousand proverbs, sayings and well-aimed words.

The origin of the great scientist is amazing, although in those distant times many Europeans - Germans, French, Scandinavians - considered it good to go to the service of the Russian Tsar and the new fatherland.

Writer, ethnographer, linguist, doctor, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal was born on November 22 (November 10 according to the old style), 1801 in Lugansk, Yekaterinoslav province. Father - Johann Christian Dahl - a Dane who took Russian citizenship, was a doctor, linguist and theologian, mother - Maria Khristoforovna Dahl (née Freytag) - half German, half French. Dahl's father became a patriot of all Russian. Having fallen in love with Russia, he also sought to develop in his children a love for the Russian language, culture, and art.

In 1814, Vladimir Dal entered the St. Petersburg Marine cadet corps. He graduated from the course, served in the Navy in Nikolaev, then in Kronstadt. After retiring, he entered the medical faculty of Dorpat University, graduated from it in 1829 and became an oculist surgeon.

And again - military service. In 1828, a two-year Russian-Turkish war began, and Dahl was drafted into the army. He participated in the transition of the Russian army through the Balkans, continuously operating on the wounded in tent hospitals and directly on the battlefields. Dahl's talent as a surgeon was highly appreciated by the outstanding Russian surgeon Pirogov. In 1831, during a campaign against the Poles, Vladimir Ivanovich distinguished himself while crossing the Vistula. He was the first to use electric current in an explosive case, having mined the crossing and blowing it up after the retreat of the Russian troops across the river. For this, Emperor Nicholas I awarded V. I. Dahl with the Order - the Vladimir Cross in his buttonhole.

Collect Russian words and expressions vernacular Dahl began in 1819. Even in the Naval Corps, he was engaged in literature, wrote poetry. Driving once through the Novgorod province, he wrote down the word “rejuvenate” that interested him (“otherwise, become cloudy, tend to bad weather”). And since then, wandering through the vast expanses of Russia, Vladimir Ivanovich did not part with his notes, replenishing them with new words, well-aimed sayings, proverbs and sayings, having accumulated and processed two hundred thousand words by the end of his life!

It is necessary to especially note his acquaintance and friendship with Pushkin. Dahl's work on the dictionary and his collection of proverbs played a significant role in this. Dahl later recalled the enthusiasm with which Pushkin spoke of the richness of Russian proverbs. According to contemporaries, great poet, in fact, strengthened Dahl in his intention to collect a dictionary of the living folk language.

Alexander Sergeevich and Vladimir Ivanovich more than once shared the hardships of difficult travels along the roads of Russia, traveled to the places of Pugachev's campaigns.

In the tragic days of January 1837, Dahl, as a close friend and as a doctor, took an active part in the care of the mortally wounded Pushkin. It was to Dahl that the words of the dying man were addressed: "Life is over ..." The grateful poet gave him a talisman ring. Dahl left notes about last hours life of Alexander Sergeevich.

In 1832, "Russian Fairy Tales. First Five" edited by Dahl were published. However, the book was soon banned, and the author was arrested. Only at the request of V. A. Zhukovsky, at that time the educator of the heir to the throne, Dal was released. But he could no longer publish under his own name and signed with the pseudonym Cossack Lugansky. It was under this pseudonym that one of the favorite fairy tales of our childhood, "Ryaba the Hen", was published.

Dahl's works are full of proverbs and sayings. Sometimes, instead of a detailed description of the hero, his assessment is given only in the proverb: "He ... would not have to live like this - from morning to evening, but there is nothing to remember; a week has passed, it has not reached us." Or: “They didn’t teach while lying across the bench, but stretched out to the fullest - you won’t teach”; "Whoever can, that one gnaws at."

Published almost at the same time "Proverbs of the Russian people" (1862) and " Dictionary"(1864) enriched Russian culture and literature.

In the preface to the book of proverbs, Dahl wrote: “The sources or reserve for the collection were: two or three printed collections of the last century, the collections of Knyazhevich, Snegirev, handwritten sheets and notebooks reported from different sides, and - most importantly - the living Russian language, and more is the speech of the people.

It should be noted that even before Dahl, back in the 18th century, proverbs and sayings of the Russian people were collected and published. Examples include N. Kurganov's "Letterbook" (1769), "Collection of 4291 ancient Russian proverbs" attributed to the professor of Moscow University Barsov (1770), the collection "Russian proverbs" by I. Bogdanovich (1785). The first significant study of Russian proverbs is the work of I. M. Snegirev "Russians in their proverbs" (1831–1834). In the middle of the 19th century, the collections of I. M. Snegirev (1848, 1857) and the collection of proverbs extracted from books and manuscripts and published in 1854 by F. I. Buslaev were considered the main collections of proverbs and sayings.

However, it is Dahl who has the honor of becoming the most accurate, deep and faithful researcher of oral folk art.

The extensive material collected by Dalem forced him to group the proverbs in the collection into headings, sections. These headings often combine opposite phenomena of life, concepts, etc., for example, "good - evil", "joy - sorrow", "guilt - merit"; and everything is given an assessment in proverbs, because they express the innermost judgments of the people.

Deep wisdom, subtle observation, clear mind of the people determined the most expressive proverbs and sayings about literacy, learning, intelligence, about the abilities and intelligence of people. Proverbs condemn talkers, grumpy and stupid, lovers of scandal, swaggering, overly proud people.

Many proverbs spoke about the peasant world, about joint work, the strength of the rural community. "You can overcome the devil with a cathedral," the proverb claimed. "What the world has ordered, then God has judged", "The world will roar, so the forests are moaning", "Together - not heavy, but apart - at least drop it", "You can solve every matter with the world" ...

The book offered to the reader includes only a small part of Dahl's vast collection of proverbs and sayings. They are about love, friendship, happiness, wealth, work and idleness, life and death, loneliness, luck. Pay attention to how fresh, modern they sound!

And how many stable phrases are in today's Russian language, the origin of which we no longer think about, but which have a very definite source. Who hasn't quite heard modern expression: "In the bag". It is from Dahl's collection, and came from a lot, which was put into a hat, and then pulled from it.

In almost every section of Dahl's "Proverbs of the Russian People" one can encounter contradictory materials. And this is natural - after all, real life is full of contradictions. Here it is very important to distinguish shades, as well as a measure of the depth of proverbs and sayings. After all, they were sometimes born under the influence of emotions, and not just years of observation and experience.

Current page: 1 (total book has 34 pages)

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal
Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people

Naputnoe

“Will it be, will it not be when this collection will be printed, with which the collector has cherished his age, but, parting with it, as if with the matter over, I don’t want to leave it without a parting word.”

This introduction was written in 1853, when the dismantling of proverbs was completed; let it remain even now, when the fate of the collection has been decided and it has been published.

According to the established procedure, one should have launched a search: what is a proverb; where did it come from and what is it suitable for; when and what editions of proverbs we published; what are they; What sources did the current collector use? Scholarly references could tint the matter, because it seems that Aristotle had already defined the proverb.

But there is only a very small amount of all this here.

Scientific definitions are now little in use, the age of scholasticism has passed, although we still cannot shake off the rags of its sedate mantle.

The times when the benefits of science or knowledge, to which the book was dedicated, were explained in the introduction, also passed; now they believe that every conscientious work is useful and that this benefit cannot be countered by tales.

Scientific searches, antiquity, comparisons with other Slavic dialects - all this is beyond the power of the collector.

The analysis and evaluation of other publications should have ended with a direct or indirect modest recognition that ours is the best of all.

The sources or reserve for the collection were: two or three printed collections of the last century, the collections of Knyazhevich, Snegirev, handwritten sheets and notebooks reported from different sides, and - most importantly - live Russian language, and more the speech of the people.

I did not go into any antiquity, I did not parse ancient manuscripts, and the antiquity included in this collection got there from the printed collections. I looked through only one old manuscript and took from it what could now go for a proverb or saying; This manuscript was given to me by Mr. Dm. Nick. Tolstoy, I gave M.P. Pogodin, and from there it was printed in its entirety, in the form of an addition, with the collection of proverbs by I.M. Snegirev.

In this case, I must say sincere thanks to all the well-meaning givers, helpers and accomplices; I dare not name anyone, fearing, out of forgetfulness, to miss too many, but I cannot but name with gratitude gr. Dm. Nick. Tolstoy, I.P. Sakharov and I.M. Snegirev.

When the collection of the latter came out, mine was already partly picked up: I compared his edition with the collection of Knyazhevich and used what was not there and was not found with me, and which, moreover, in my extreme understanding, could and should have been accepted.

In the collection of Knyazhevich (1822) there are only 5300 (with dozens) proverbs; I.M. was added to them. Snegirev up to 4000; of all this number, I have eliminated altogether or not accepted in the form in which they are printed, up to 3500; in general, from books or print, I have taken hardly more than 6,000, or about fifth my collection. The rest are taken from private notes and collected by ear, in an oral conversation.

In this comparison and choice, timidity and doubt attacked me more than once. Whatever you say, but in the rejection of this arbitrariness cannot be avoided, and reproach for it even more so. It is impossible to blindly reprint everything that, under the name of proverbs, was printed; distortions, either by cleverness, or from misunderstandings, or simply by typos and misprints, are excessively ugly. In other cases, these errors are obvious, and if such a proverb came to me in its original form, then the correction or choice did not make it difficult; but the trouble is that I could not confine myself to these cases, but had to decide on something and with regard to those thousand proverbs, for the correction of which I did not have the correct data, and throwing them out would not mean to correct.

Not understanding the proverb, as often happens, you consider it nonsense, you believe that it was invented by someone for jokes or irreparably distorted, and you do not dare to accept it; en you're right, just look straight ahead. After several similar cases or discoveries, you will inevitably become shy, you will think: “Who gave you the right to choose and reject? Where is the limit of this intelligibility? After all, you are gaining flower garden, A compilation» and you begin to collect and place everything in a row again; let it be superfluous, let others judge and sort it out; but then suddenly you run into lines like the following:

Everyone knows that the evil ones live flatteringly.

A year has passed in the hustle and bustle, there has always been trouble.

Where love is not hypocritical, there is true hope.

Luxurious and stingy measures of contentment do not know.

The young man walked down the Volga, but came across death not far away.

One must not die before death, etc., etc.

What do you want to do with such sayings of the confectionery wisdom of the twenties? throw out; but they were found under another thousand, and just as many dubious ones, with whom you don’t know what to do, so as not to be accused of arbitrariness. Therefore, due to the difficulty of such a rejection, and partly by viewing, you can’t save yourself from any sin - and this collection includes many empty, distorted and dubious proverbs.

Regarding decency, when rejecting proverbs, I adhered to the rule: everything that can be read aloud in a society that is not perverted by stiffness, or excessive ingenuity, and therefore touchiness, should be taken into my collection. Everything is clean to the pure. Blasphemy itself, if it were found somewhere in folk sayings, should not frighten us: we collect and read proverbs not only for fun and not as moral instructions, but for study and search; therefore we want to know everything that is. Let us note, however, that the sharpness or brightness and directness of expressions, in images unusual for us, do not always contain the obscenity that we see in this. If a peasant says: “What is it to pray to that god who does not have mercy”; or “I asked the saint: it came to the word to ask the accursed,” then there is no blasphemy in this, because here gods And saints to strengthen the concept, people are named, appointed for the sake of holy, divine truth, but doing the opposite, forcing the offended and oppressed to seek protection also through untruth and bribery. The proverb itself, striking us with the convergence of such opposites, personifies only the extremeness and unbearability of the perverted state that gave rise to such a saying.

That for proverbs and sayings it is necessary to go to the people, no one will argue about this; in an educated and enlightened society there is no proverb; one comes across weak, crippled echoes of them, transferred to our customs or vulgarized in a non-Russian language, and bad translations from foreign languages. High society does not accept ready-made proverbs, because these are pictures of a way of life alien to it, and not its language; but he does not lay down his own, maybe out of politeness and secular decency: the proverb does not prick in the eyebrow, but right in the eye. And who will remember in good in society, a harrow, a plow, a mortar, bast shoes, and even more so a shirt and background? And if we replace all these expressions with the sayings of our everyday life, then somehow a proverb does not come out, but a vulgarity is composed in which the whole hint comes out.

As a property of the whole people, as a world citizen, enlightenment and education go their way by eye, with a level in their hands, plucking bumps and mounds, leveling pits and potholes, and bring everything under one canvas. In our country, more than anywhere else, enlightenment - such as it is - has become a persecutor of everything native and popular. As, in recent times, the first sign of a claim to enlightenment was the shaving of a beard, so direct Russian speech and everything related to it was generally avoided. Since the time of Lomonosov, from the first stretching and stretching of our tongue along the Roman and German block, this work has been continued with violence and more and more removed from the true spirit of the language. Only at the very Lately they began to guess that the goblin had bypassed us, that we were circling and wandering, having lost our way, and we would go no one knows where. On the one hand, the zealots of ready-made foreign, not considering it necessary to first study their own, forcibly transferred to us everything in the form in which it came across on foreign soil, where it had been suffered and worked out, whereas here it could only be accepted with patches and gloss; on the other hand, mediocrity vulgarized what, zealously, tried to bring from native life into the glove class. Cheremis on one side, and beware on the other. Be that as it may, but from all this it follows that if you do not collect and save folk proverbs in time, they, displaced by the level of impersonality and colorlessness, by a comb-cut, that is, by public enlightenment, will fade like springs in a drought.

The common people stubbornly keep and preserve their primordial way of life, and in their inertness there is both bad and good side. Fathers and grandfathers are a great thing for him; having burned himself on milk more than once, he blows on the water, incredulously accepts the novelty, saying: “Everything is new and new, but when will it be kinder?” He reluctantly recedes from what he unconsciously sucked with his mother's milk and what sounds in his little strained head in his coherent speech. Neither foreign languages ​​nor grammatical reasoning confuse him, and he speaks correctly, correctly, aptly and eloquently, without knowing it himself. I will state my conviction directly: verbal speech a person is a gift from God, a revelation: as long as a person lives in the simplicity of his soul, as long as his mind has not gone beyond reason, it is simple, direct and strong; as the heart and mind strife, when a person becomes wiser, this speech takes on a more artificial construction, in a hostel it is vulgar, and in the scientific circle it receives a special, conventional meaning. Proverbs and sayings are composed only at the time of primitive simplicity of speech and, as branches close to the root, are worth our study and memory.

Descending to vernacular, sometimes allowing ourselves to express ourselves with a proverb, we say: "Try on ten times, cut once." We did not invent this saying, but, having taken it from the people, we only distorted it a little; people say more correctly and more beautifully: "Try on with ten and count, cut off with one." In St. Petersburg they also teach the multiplication tablet: two times three, five times six; in our schools they say: twice three, and the people say: two three or two by five, three by six etc. Teaching: reckless, reckless work is often useless - it will never speak out with us under the pen of the proverb: “Cut, but sing songs; you start sewing, you cry"; or: “Shey, yes, there will be no deaf time.” Is it possible to express a deep thought in a more coherent, brighter and shorter way than in a proverb: “You can’t look at death, like at the sun, with all your eyes”; this proverb of ours went, I don’t know how, to the Frenchman Larochefoucauld; in a deft translation, she followed his own and is cited as an example of his mind and eloquence: "Le soleil ni la mort ne peuvent se regarder fixement" (Maximes).

We, in our everyday life, come up with only proverbs like these: “The visor does not spoil; nothing to go, so with a tambourine; there is nothing to beat, so with a fist ”; Yes, sometimes we translate: “Sing a swan song; a black cat ran between them; and there are spots in the sun; fifth wheel; there is a stick in the corner, that’s why it’s raining in the yard, ”etc. Do you like these sayings and translations?

But not only will we not compose a single wonderful proverb ourselves, but we even, as it turns out, have a poor understanding of ready-made ones. This has baffled me more than once. To what extent is it necessary and should explain and interpret proverbs? An incomprehensible, inaccessible proverb to the listener is this salt, which seized and does not salt; where to put her? And to interpret a joke or a hint that the reader himself understands is vulgar and cloying; these interpretations and places will take up a lot, and the book comes out voluminous, cramped and without them. Many explanations would require scientific references, and this requires knowledge, sources, and time - in a word, this is a separate and important work. The readers themselves, no matter how few they are found, are also not the same, everyone can have their own requirements - not the sun, you won’t blacken everyone.

I put, and even then already at the time of printing the right, the shortest interpretation, an indication where I could believe that this was necessary for many. Recently, we have seen examples of how strangely and wrongly sometimes our proverbs are understood and interpreted, even condemned: “People get hold of in bulk” was interpreted “from the forcible imposition of goods on someone”; and “Do not take out the rubbish from the hut” was declared nonsense, because it is impossible, at least occasionally, not to sweep the rubbish, and the hut will be good if you never take out the rubbish from it. But bulk is understood here in the sense of a bulk of buyers, not a commodity; if the crowd, the people pour in, they get rich from a brisk sale, which is why a brisk, thorny place is expensive for a merchant, and a place he has hatched in a battle, where fencers bring down out of habit, is twice as expensive. Don't take out the rubbish like any other undistorted proverb, which contains a parable, is direct and right, in direct and figuratively: it's right, just look straight ahead. In a figurative way: do not carry household bills to people, do not gossip, do not disturb; family squabbles will be sorted out at home, if not under one sheepskin coat, then under one roof. In direct terms: among the peasants, rubbish is never carried out and is not swept out into the street: this, through half-a-foot thresholds, is troublesome, and besides, the rubbish would be carried by the wind and an unkind person could follow the rubbish, as if on a trail, or following the trail send damage. Rubbish is swept into a pile, under a bench, in a stove or cooking corner; and when they fire up the stove, they burn it. When the wedding guests, testing the bride's patience, force her to sweep the hut and litter after her, and she sweeps everything again, they say: endured."

“Necess will teach kalachi to eat,” as a parable, was interpreted correctly: need will make you work, hunt. “Need is tricky, the need for inventions is torovat” - she will give mind and, if there was no rye bread, will bring to the point that there will be wheat. But there is also a direct meaning here: domestic need will force you to go to work. “You can’t bury yourself between a plow and a harrow; look for bread at home, and taxes on the side”; Where? The first case on the Volga, in barge haulers; this is still an article to this day, and before the shipping company it was the indigenous, and, moreover, reckless, craft of ten provinces; on the Volga, having passed Samara, you come to kalach (bun, pie, kalach, wheat bread). This is a wonder for horse barge haulers, and it was they, the fathers and grandfathers of the present, who laid down this proverb.

In terms of intricacy and turn of speech, another one is similar to this one: “Eat pies, but take care of the bread ahead”; it would seem that one should say: "Eat the bread, and take care of the pies in advance"; but the proverb expresses something else: live freely, if possible, eat pies, but with the calculation: eat them so that you don’t eat bread. “The belly is a villain, he doesn’t remember the good old”; "Take money about a white (every) day, money about a red day (holiday) and money about a rainy day (in reserve, for trouble)."

"Captivity goes down, bondage goes up"; here we are talking about the same mother Volga and the burlachism with which bondage is connected, because the makings are taken forward, sent home as a quitrent, and the rest is drunk. Captivity, that is need, goes down the water to look for work; up, against the water, goes, or pulls with a strap, bondage. In the literal sense: a serf or a slave ( captivity) is waiting for the best, because there is no worse for him, he is waiting for mercy and trust for his faithful service: this is ahead of him; bonded but he gets more and more confused, owes, eats up and gains new bondage for himself, term after term; Bondage is rising, everything is intensifying, and in the old days it also often ended in servility.

But from these few examples it is clear that such explanations, if the collector had enough for them, would require several years of time and another hundred pages of printing.

We note, however, in this case that proverbs must be interpreted and explained with extreme caution so as not to turn this matter into your own toy. It is especially dangerous to look with a scientist's eye for what you would like to find. The application of proverbs to events, even to personalities, according to namesake, to ancient customs, to the dubious fable of idolatry, etc., turns out, in many cases, to be a stretch of the imagination. I think, for example, that sayings: "Lisa Patrikeevna", "Patrikey himself the third" - to the Lithuanian prince Patricius, and "Ananyin's grandson is coming from Velikie Luki" - to the Novgorod posadnik Ananya - an arbitrary act based on nothing; I even think that “The enemy is strong, he rolls in blue” does not refer to blue lightning and perun, but simply hints at the blue caftan as a sign of prosperity, wealth; the evil one spreads his nets on everyone, and the blue of the caftan also falls. “The doomed beast is not a beast” is also hardly said by us since the times of idols and does not refer to its dooming to sacrifice to the gods, which is nowhere remembered among the people; doomed brute one that is doomed by fate to death, not tenacious, not durable; this is the usual consolation and carelessness, and stubbornness, and ruthlessness in trouble; the cattle has healed - leave it to the will of God; if she lives, she will be alive, and if doomed then she doesn't animal, not belly, not good, not property to you. Trying to explain the dark proverbs and apply them to the byt, which this time is before our eyes, we sometimes go far and be wise, where the chest opens simply, without hiding. To this it must be added that the Great Russians, contrary to the Little Russians, have no memory of everyday life; with them everything is limited to the essential and spiritual; antiquity remains in memory and is transmitted, since it concerns everyday life; from this, for the Russian, a direct transition to thoughts and conversations about eternity, about God and heaven, he will not engage in everything else, without outside influence, unless on a special occasion.

So, recognizing the proverb and saying as a current coin, it is obvious that one must follow them where they go; and I held this conviction for decades, writing down everything that I managed to intercept on the fly in an oral conversation. What was collected in advance of me, from the same source, I tried to include, but I did not rummage through the books and, probably, omitted a lot. So, for example, I couldn’t even cope with Buslaev’s small but very conscientiously edited collection (Kalachev’s Archive, 1854), which I first saw in Moscow in April 1860, when half of my collection had already been printed. Many sayings of our writers, in their brevity and accuracy, are worth proverbs, and here it is impossible not to recall Krylov and Griboyedov; but I included in my collection those only of these sayings that I happened to hear in the form of proverbs, when they, taken into oral speech, went to walk separately. And therefore, there are book proverbs in my collection, but I did not take them from books, unless they had already previously been included in similar collections and, for completeness, passed into mine. I also have translations - which was noticed in the form of a reproach - but I did not translate them, but accepted them, because they are spoken; there are distorted, altered ones, but I did not distort them, but heard or received them in this form; There are sayings from St. scriptures, and they are even for the most part altered, but they were not taken by me from there and not altered by me, but that is how they are spoken; there are vulgar, superstitious, blasphemous, false-wise, savage, absurd, but I did not compose them; my task was to collect possible completeness everything that is and what it is, as a reserve, for further development and for any conclusions and conclusions anyone wants. They will say: there is a lot of superfluous rubbish; true, but no one sees what is thrown out, but where is the measure for this rejection and how can you guarantee that you will not throw out what could remain? You can reduce from the spacious; to collect a flower garden from the collection, according to your taste, no wonder; and what you miss, it is more difficult to turn back. You will shorten - you will not turn back. Moreover, I had in mind the language; one turn of speech, one word, not noticeable to everyone at first glance, sometimes forced me to keep the most absurd proverb.

The reproach is the most common, and, moreover, the easiest, it happens that this proverb is written incorrectly, it is said not so, but that way. Undoubtedly, there are cases where such a remark is right and deserves thanks; but after all, each proverb is said in several ways, especially if it is applied to the case; it was necessary to choose one, two, many three heteroglossia, but you can’t collect all of them, and you’ll get bored with them.

Wherever I could correctly get to the root turnover and point out distortions, there I did it, although in the most brief notes. Here are examples: “Not until mass, if there is a lot of nonsense”; here nonsense fell on a misunderstanding, instead of rituals, the northern word, which is pronounced there: rob, which means: women's everyday life in the house, cooking, housekeeping at the stove; this can be seen from the friend of this proverb: "Either go to mass, or lead a ritual." Another: "We are not good, here's to you"; this one, apparently, is confirmed by another: "What is not nice to the deacon, then the ass in the censer"; but the first came from the south, she is Little Russian, is not understood among us and therefore distorted: “It’s not good for us, it’s heaven from you”, here you have heaven, heaven; this word has many meanings: a poor man, a poor man, a beggar, a cripple, a holy fool, an unfortunate one, for whom they condole, a relative, a relative, a nephew; this proverb answers ours: “The stepmother fertilized to her stepson: she ordered to sip all the cabbage soup in a conspiracy.” The proverb: “Not with children or not with children, not on children, and sit in honor” is said differently and is altered from a misunderstanding: to whom God did not give children or who they die as babies (whose children do not stand), he would be glad and sitting, and legless, crippled; to the desert and sit in honor: after all, Ilya Muromets was a seat. Not understanding this and taking honor, honor to the word, the children, which deprived the proverb of meaning, corrected the matter, turning the sidney into gray hair, into an old man with gray hair, and making from this: “Not among children and gray hair in honor,” that is, an adult, once clever man respects the elderly.

Thus, one word often gives a proverb a different meaning, and if you heard it in one way, and I in another, then it does not follow from this that you heard it more to the right, and I even less so that I myself redid it. Let's take an example of this kind, where not only you and I, but also two other interlocutors say the same proverb, each in his own way, and all four will be right: "Do not call the old dog a wolf" - because it is outdated, no longer fit, do not consider her a wolf, do not treat her like an enemy; “Don’t call the priest’s dog a wolf” - no matter how tired the priest is with greed and his cuddling, but don’t look at his dog like a wolf, she’s not to blame for anything; “Do not call an old dog daddy”, not father - a response to the requirement to respect the old man beyond his merit; an old dog, but not to consider him a father for this; "Don't call the priest's dog daddy" - a response to the demand for respect for random people; whatever you say about respect for the father, for the priest, but his dog is not a father; in this form, the proverb is often applied to the lord's favorites, from the household. Many such examples could be cited: no matter which of these four heteroglossias one chooses, one can say everything: no, that is not how it is said!

I note here that vintage listings and collections of proverbs are by no means always able to serve as models and do not at all prove that the proverb is in use from word to word, as it is written. The old men were as wise in this matter as we were, wishing to correct the proverb, to give it a written form, and, as it goes without saying, they fell into vulgarity through this. There are many examples of this. in Pogodinsk. collection 1714, we read: “Being on the other side, I must bow my head, but have a submissive heart.” Isn't it obvious here cleverness and alteration? To this day it is said: “Keep your head bowed (or bowed), and your heart submissively”; if you apply this to a foreign land, then you can start with the words: in a foreign land, on a foreign side, without changing a word afterwards; here everything else was added by the writer, especially the words: being, it is necessary, to have.

In the archive collection. XVII century: "The young man walked down the Volga, but he came across death near for a short time", or, as corrected by Snegirev: "not far away"; Is this a proverb, a saying, or something like that? In the Archival one: “There is no money, it’s on the floor”; this one is still in use and it is said about a drunkard who sits quietly at home, even hiding, if there is nothing to drink; but instead spit must read pret:“As there is no money, so it’s on the floor,” that is, it climbs and lies quietly. In the same place, the proverb: “The soul of the old is not taken out, and the young is not sealed” is not changed for the better: “Until death, the living, the old, the soul is not taken out, and the young is not sealed.”

In Pogodinsky in 1770: “What gray hair decorates, it catches the demon more”; could this be a walking proverb? This is a collector's work, for example: "Gray hair in a beard, and a demon in a rib."

In the collection Yankova 1744: “Kumischa, matchmaking - you’ll say goodbye, you’ll miss it”; it doesn't look like anything anymore; let someone understand this nonsense, in which of the four words there is not a single true one, and therefore there is no meaning. Obviously, this is a distortion of the proverb, which still lives among the people: “If you make friends, you woo, you will oversleep, you will catch yourself.” There are many such examples; I cite them as proof that at all times there have been stupid scribes and even collectors who were smart, and that, referring to old manuscripts, it is not always possible to correct new collectors.

My collection was destined to go through many ordeals, long before publication (in 1853), and, moreover, without the slightest search on my part, but at the enlightened participation and insistence of a person whom I do not dare to even hint at, not knowing whether it would be desirable. But people, and moreover, people scientists by rank, recognizing the publication of the collection harmful even dangerous they considered it their duty to expose his other shortcomings, among other things, with these words: “Noticing and eavesdropping on the dialects (?) of the people, Mr. Dal, apparently, did not write them down quickly, but brought them in after, as he could remember; that is why he has a rare (?) proverb so written as it is said among the people. Most (?) of them are seen as follows: he has written: I will scatter this trouble with beans, and the proverb goes like this: I’ll scout someone else’s misfortune with beans, but I won’t clean up my mind».

But I had both proverbs, only each in its place, because their meaning is not the same; yes instead I'll clean up I have written I will apply which I still believe to be true. This trouble I beans or I will scout on beans; the trouble is not great, it will fit into the gate, you can turn away or get off. " I’ll scout someone else’s misfortune on beans, but I won’t apply my mind" - completely different; this means: I will eat someone else's grief with bread, someone else's sore in the side does not sour, but my own sore is a big nodule, etc.

Further: "It is written: God judge your will and the proverb says: God do your will". There is no dispute that the latter is said, and if I did not have it, then I could point to a pass; but the first is also said. " God judge your will"- means that there is no one else to judge her, it is not for us to judge her, but we must submit to her without grumbling; or by accepting judge, By ancient meaning, behind award, make judgment, God judge your will means: create, award according to your will.

Altogether, to prove that rare my proverb is written correctly and that most of their mistakenly noticed, my righteous judges give three examples, that is, one for every ten thousand, and the third most remarkable: “The same infidelity in the collection (?) of jokes and idle talk; I will give an example of one: he wrote: For nothing, nothing but other things like that, this idle talk among the people is expressed (why doesn’t it say?) as follows: Not for anything else, but only for other such things; and if something is better, then nothing else; that's just all».

Yes, that seems to be all...

Be that as it may, but regardless of such infidelity in my proverbs, proved by the three examples given here, they found that this collection and not safe encroaching on moral corruption. For greater intelligibility of this truth and for the protection of morals from the corruption that threatens them, a new Russian proverb was invented and written, in the report, not quite coherent, but clear in purpose: It's a sack of flour and a pinch of arsenic”- this was said in the verdict about this collection, and to this was added: “In an effort to print monuments of folk stupidities, Mr. Dal tries to give them printed authority” ... the following sayings: “Being blessed is not a sin; Wednesday and Friday is not a pointer to the owner in the house, ”etc.

After this, is it still necessary to mention that hand in hand with the writers of the proverb about arsenic was the conclusion of the judge of the jury, to whom my collection also came without my participation, and that there they found it inadmissible to converge proverbs or sayings in a row: “He has debts in his hands (there is a lot of power )” and “His arms are long (he is a thief)”? And here, as there, they demanded amendments And changes in proverbs, and beyond that exceptions, which "may make up more than a quarter of the manuscript"...

I replied at the time: “I do not know to what extent my collection could be harmful or dangerous to others, but I am convinced that it could become unsafe for me. If, however, he could induce such a respectable person, a member of the highest learned fraternity, to compose a criminal proverb, then he obviously corrupts morals; it remains to put it on the fire and burn it; I ask you to forget that the collection was presented, especially since it was not done by me.

For the sake of truth, I am obliged to say that an opinion opposite to all this was expressed at that time by an enlightened dignitary in charge of the Public Library.

I express all this not as a complaint and denunciation, but, firstly, as an excuse why I did not publish proverbs earlier than the present one, and secondly, to explain our modern way of life. You don't know yourself without looking in the mirror. Moreover, I think where we are talking about the data for the future history of our enlightenment, there everyone is obliged to say what he has evidence in his hands.

This collection includes, in addition to proverbs, proverbial sayings, sayings, proverbs, soon (purely) sayings, jokes, riddles, beliefs, signs, superstitions and many sayings that I can’t give a common nickname, even simple turns of speech that have conditionally come into use .

About this, scholarly connoisseurs of the manuscript, who successfully insisted that it remain under wraps for another eight years, were of the following opinion: “It is a pity that all this is combined into one book: through this he (the collector) mixed edification with corruption, faith false faith and unbelief, wisdom with stupidity and thus dropped his collection a lot ... Obviously, the honor of the publisher, and the benefit of readers, and the very prudence would require two thick folios to be divided into several books and printed separately in them: proverbs, sayings, jokes, riddles, omens, etc.” These arguments did not convince me, but I least of all understand how the danger of poisoning would be reduced by such a fragmentation of the whole into parts; perhaps by accustoming to poison gradually? In this collection, which is not a catechism of morality, below is an order to customs and community life, it is precisely the wisdom of the people with the stupidity of the people, the mind with vulgarity, good with evil, truth with lies; a person must appear here as he is in general, on the entire globe, and as he is, in particular, in our people; what is bad, run away; what is good, follow it; but do not hide, do not hide either good or bad, but show what is.

Now we are proceeding to Russian proverbs, which would also not hurt each of us to know.

Russian proverbs and sayings, as everyone knows, is folk wisdom that comes to us from life experience. And now let's see the most commonly used among them among the people, as well as their interpretations as well. For convenience, Russian proverbs and sayings are presented alphabetically.

Russian proverbs and sayings and their meaning

Appetite comes with eating.
The deeper you delve into something, the more you understand and learn about it.

A woman with a cart is easier for a mare.
About care unnecessary person, not so useful to anything.

The trouble does not go through the forest, but through people.
Misfortunes with people are the real trouble, and not with what surrounds them.

Misfortunes never come alone.
She will definitely take at least one more.

Poverty is not a vice.
It is not necessary to condemn people for poverty, because it is not their negative quality.

You can't even catch a fish from a pond without effort.
Nothing can be achieved without perseverance and effort.

Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age.
About the norms of behavior in society, etc. And if something is lost or torn, it will not be possible to restore it.

God saves man, who save himself.
It is easier for a person who is prudent, cautious in his decisions and actions to avoid dangers, unjustified risks.

Free cheese only happens in a mousetrap.
Rarely is something free given to us without pitfalls, without a catch.

God marks the rogue.
Evil deeds and other negative qualities do not go unpunished.

Big ship - big voyage.
A person with great abilities gets great opportunities.

You will suffer for a long time - something will work out.
Really trying in a difficult matter, you can achieve at least something.

Paper will endure everything.
Paper, unlike people, will endure any lie, any mistake written on it.

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
Home comfort, created with your own hands or the hands of a loved one, cannot be replaced by any trip to visit.

IN healthy body healthy spirit.
Keeping the body healthy, a person preserves his spiritual well-being.

Every family has its black sheep.
In any family or team there will always be a person with negative qualities.

In crowded but not mad.
A little inconvenience for everyone is better than a bigger problem for just one.

Still waters run deep.
Quiet and calm-looking people often hide a complex nature.

They don’t go to a foreign monastery with their own charter.
In a strange team, you should not behave only according to your own rules and procedures.

We see a mote in someone else's eye, but we do not notice a log in our own.
The mistakes and shortcomings of those around you are more noticeable than your own.

Live a century, learn a century, and you will die a fool.
About the impossibility of knowing everything, even with a constant and persistent set of knowledge.

He took up the tug - do not say that it is not hefty.
Having taken up the task, bring it to the end, despite the difficulties.

The bird is visible in flight.
About people who, by their deeds, by their appearance, show others their nature.

Water wears away the stone.
Even little work, manifested long and hard, gives good results.

Crush water in a mortar - and there will be water.
About doing a stupid thing that does not bring anything useful.

Feet feed the wolf.
To earn a living, you need to move, be active, and not sit still.

To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest.
If you are afraid of difficulties or dangerous consequences, then you should not start any business.

All diseases are from the nerves.
Anger, resentment and indignation weaken the immune system, which leads to the formation of diseases. Avoid anything that makes you nervous. Gain patience.

Everything will grind - there will be flour.
Any problem sooner or later turns into a good result.

All is well that ends well.
If the ending is good, then there is nothing to worry about.

Everything has its time.
Everything happens at the appointed time, not earlier and not later.

Everyone goes crazy in their own way.
Each person has their own advantages and disadvantages.

Every cricket know your hearth.
Everyone should know their place and not climb into someone else's.

Any bast in a line.
Everything can be useful, everything can be used; any mistake is blamed.

Where there is anger, there is mercy.
Not everything is managed only by anger alone, with time comes pardon.

Where firewood is chopped, chips fly there.
In any business, there are always losses, costs ...

Needed where was born.
About a place of birth that should not be left forever.

Where it is thin, it breaks there.
What is strong always remains strong, and the weak link always gives a crack.

The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.
It's scary to take on a task until you do it.

Need for inventions is cunning.
Need, poverty of a person make him smarter and more inventive.

Mountain does not converge with mountain, but man will converge with man.
About people, in spite of the mountains, who by their nature are able to understand, to go forward.

One grave will fix a humpbacked one, but a club will fix a stubborn one.
It is hard for a person, and sometimes it is impossible to get rid of his bad habits.

Prepare the sleigh in summer and the cart in winter.
Before you start any business, you must first prepare.

They do not look at a given horse's teeth.
For any gift it is necessary to thank and rejoice in it, they say, take what they give.

Two bears do not live in the same den.
About two rivals claiming leadership. There is no place for two owners in one house.

The work of the master is afraid.
The work carried out by the master is carried out efficiently and quickly.

Business time, fun hour.
Most of the time should be spent on study and work, and only partly on entertainment.

For a sweet friend and an earring from an ear.
For good friend or a loved one is not a pity even the most valuable.

Debt good turn deserves another.
A good attitude towards people will definitely return the same.

Expensive egg for Easter day.
It's always nice to get what you expect right time, in the right place.

Friendship is friendship, and service is service.
Friendly relations should not affect official ones, however, as well as vice versa.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Only a friend will do everything possible for you for the sake of salvation in a difficult situation.

The law is not written for fools.
Only a smart person succumbs to the rules, fools still have no time for them.

A bad example is contagious.
About imitating a bad example, a bad deed of another person.

To live life is not a field to cross.
Life is complicated, living it is not so easy.

If you chase two hares, you won't catch one.
It is impossible to achieve two goals at the same time, everything must be done sequentially.

You can't see the forest for the trees.
Going in cycles in trifles or on the same thing, it is impossible to see the main thing.

The Forbidden fruit is sweet.
Taking someone else's or forbidden is much more pleasant than taking your own.

Make a fool pray to God - he will hurt his forehead.
An excessively zealous person can harm the cause.

It is not worth it.
The money spent on something is not justified by the results obtained.

You can't take a word out of a song.
It is impossible to change or hide something with words without distorting reality.

If he knew where to fall, he would have spread straws.
About caution, foresight, so that there is no trouble.

Each sandpiper praises his swamp.
Every person praises the place in which he lives, and everything else is alien, unusual.

Everyone judges for himself.
As a person is himself, those around him seem the same.

As it comes around, so it will respond.
Any actions towards people around you, good or bad, eventually turn into the same.

As you call the ship, so it will sail.
What you tune in is what you get.

You won't spoil the porridge with oil.
Useful, pleasant cannot do harm, even if there is too much of it.

Fight fire with fire.
Eliminate the results of any action, therefore, by the same means that caused this action.

The end is the crown of the whole thing.
Any business is important to complete.

Finished the job - walk boldly.
After finishing work, you can relax calmly, without thinking about it.

A horse with four legs - and then stumbles.
Even the most intelligent, dexterous and skillful people can sometimes make mistakes.

A penny saves a ruble.
To accumulate a lot, we must not neglect the small.

The hut is red not with corners, but with pies.
The owner of the house is valued not by wealth, but by hospitality.

Who seeks will always find.
When a person really tries to seek, he really finds.

Who gets up early, God gives him.
Whoever gets up early is not lazy, and the day is longer and the harvest is richer.

Where the needle goes, there goes the thread.
About a person dependent on someone or about a tight attachment to each other.

Strike while the iron is hot.
While the opportunity allows, it is better to act, and then later it may not be.

The hen pecks at the grain, but it happens to be full.
By doing something regularly, even if little by little, you can achieve results.

You can't break through the wall with your forehead.
It is impossible to go against the authorities.

The recumbent is not beaten.
It is not customary to finish off the injured or in trouble.

A fly in the ointment in a barrel of honey.
When everything is good, any, even a minor dirty trick can ruin everything.

Better a bitter truth than a sweet lie.
You can’t go far on a lie, unlike the truth, be it what it is.

Better to see once than hear a hundred times.
Do not believe the words, you should only look at the actions.

Better late than never.
It's better to do something at least sometime than not to do it at all.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
It is better to have something small and easily accessible than something large and difficult to achieve.

Love for all ages.
A person has the ability to fall in love at absolutely any age.

If you like to ride - love to carry sleds.
To achieve something in your life - make an effort.

The less you know the better you sleep.
The more you know, the more worries, experiences.

The world is not without good people.
There will always be generous people with a desire to help in someone else's trouble.

Young is green.
Young people, unlike adults, are not mature enough in their knowledge.

Silent means consent.
Silence - as a suggestion of an affirmative answer.

Moscow was not built in a day.
Everything complex and perfect is never given immediately, only with a set of experience.

On lack of fish and cancer - fish.
In the absence of a better one, something worse may come in handy.

Trust in God, but don't make a mistake yourself.
Don't rely solely on God to do anything. Do everything yourself, and God only supports.

Every man to his own taste.
Tastes and preferences different people may differ from each other.

You can't please everyone.
You can't please everyone no matter what you do. Even if you are an angel, someone may not like the rustle of your wings.

Enough simplicity for every sage.
No matter how wise and perspicacious a person is, he can be deceived.

On the catcher and the beast runs.
Bold, persistent, stubborn, it is easier to achieve something desired.

No, there is no judgment.
About the humble acceptance of the absence of something or the refusal of a request.

They carry water on the offended.
Man has to be able to forgive. And the offended person looks uninteresting to anyone.

Hope dies last.
Even with disappointment or complete failure, there is hope for the best.

Gruzdev called himself get in the body.
Boasted or promised to do something - do it.

You won't be forced to be nice.
No one can be forced to love against his will.

God does not burn pots.
Each person is doomed to cope with his tasks himself, and not rely only on God alone.

Do not sit in your sleigh.
Equivalent to "Mind your own business."

Not everything is Shrovetide for a cat, there is also a great post.
Life is not always a holiday. She walks in shifting lanes.

Not all that glitters is gold.
Any thing or entity, no matter how beautiful it looks, is not defined only by outward signs. More important signs are internal.

Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.
Before you do something, you should know how it is done.

Do not have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.
Money disappears at the first trip to the store, but friends remain forever.

It is not the place that makes the man, but the man the place.
A person in a bad position can be an excellent worker, and in a good position, vice versa.

Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
While there is an opportunity, it is better to carry out the plan immediately, in order to avoid acquiring laziness and regret.

Do not spit in the well - you will need some water to drink.
Do not spoil the relationship with a person, whatever he may be. But in the future it can be very useful, and even save a life.

Not caught - not a thief, not convicted - not a gulen.
A person is not guilty of his deed until guilt is proven.

Do not dig a hole for someone else - you yourself will fall into it.
A person who does bad things to another person suffers himself, having run into the consequences of his own actions.

Don't cut the branch you're sitting on.
Do not do stupid things and evil, because you yourself can choke on the same.

The devil is not as scary as he is painted.
About an indication of the exaggeration of the significance of any negative phenomenon.

Man does not live by bread alone.
Man possesses not only material qualities, but also spiritual ones.

There is no smoke without fire.
Nothing just happens, for example, there is no gossip without reason.

There is no bad without good.
For any difficult situation you can always extract something pleasant, useful.

Burnt in milk - blowing on the water.
Having made a mistake once, in the future you become more cautious, prudent.

There is safety in numbers.
Alone, it is more difficult to withstand something, to win the fight, than with someone together.

One head is good, but two is even better.
Two people will be able to solve any problem better and faster, unlike one.

One swallow does not make spring.
The very first and only sign of a phenomenon is not yet the phenomenon itself.

From love to hate one step.
It will not be difficult to anger a person and make him hate.

No one is immune from the event.
No matter how hard you try to prevent disaster, it can still happen.

Double-edged sword.
For every desired action, there is a reaction.

The first pancake is lumpy.
Any business does not always turn out really well the first time.

Stretch your legs along the clothes.
About living within your means, income, in accordance with your capabilities.

They are greeted by clothes, escorted by mind.
A meeting with a person is valued according to external signs, and parting - according to internal, mental ones.

A guilty head and a sword does not flog.
Voluntarily admitting his guilt should not be punished seriously.

Repetition is the mother of learning.
The more you repeat, the better you know.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.
If you do nothing, nothing will come of it.

Until the thunder breaks out, the peasant will not cross himself.
A person will drag out his illness, or other problem, to the last, until it finally develops.

Trying is not torture, and demand is not a problem.
Nothing prevents at least trying to do something than not doing at all.

They don't wave their fists after a fight.
It is unacceptable to change anything when it is already too late.

Hurry up and make people laugh.
Any business should be done calmly, slowly, in order to avoid a ridiculous situation.

Forewarned is forearmed.
What you are warned about, you are ready for.

Trouble has come - open the gate.
Misfortune never comes alone. Therefore, you need to be more careful and ready for anything.

A frightened crow is afraid of a bush.
If a person is really scared, he will be afraid of everything that surrounds him.

The drunken sea is knee-deep, and the puddle is up to the ears.
A drunk person is drawn to actions that, being sober, he would never have dared to do.

Once a year and the stick shoots.
Very rarely, but still the impossible may well become possible.

One who is born to crawl cannot fly.
If a person is born a fool, then he will die a fool.

The fish is looking for where it is deeper, and the person is looking for where it is better.
About people wanting the best gadgets of their lives.

The fish goes out from the head.
If the government is bad, so will its subordinates.

Birds of a feather flock together.
Close people easily find a common language.

To live with wolves is to howl like a wolf.
When joining a community, life according to their principles is not excluded.

Out of sight, out of mind.
The principle of a person is to forget the one with whom he does not see and does not communicate.

With whom you lead, from that you will type.
With whom you communicate, make friends, from that you adopt his views, habits, and so on.

With a loved one and in a hut paradise.
With a loved one is good in any place and under any conditions.

The world did not converge like a wedge.
If everything is good on some object, you should not manage only with it.

Our people - let's count.
Close people are doomed to help each other without asking for anything in return.

It does not carry its own burden.
What you personally inherited is easier to bear, in contrast to the portability of someone else.

Your shirt is closer to your body.
Your own interests are more important than the interests of other people.

A holy place is never empty.
If a good place emptied, it is immediately occupied by someone else.

Seven do not wait for one.
They won’t wait for one latecomer when everyone has already gathered and is ready for business.

Seven times measure cut once.
Before you do something, you must first think carefully, foresee everything, in order to avoid an accident.

Lawless Heart.
About not being able to control your feelings.

No matter how much you feed a wolf, he still looks into the forest.
It is impossible to change the natural instincts and inclinations of another person.

Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done.
About the foreshadowing of any business, as in a fairy tale - quickly and easily, but in reality everything is more difficult.

Miser pays twice.
Unlike buying a cheap thing, and then an expensive one, due to the imminent breakdown of a cheap one, it is better to buy an expensive and high-quality thing right away for a long time.

Tears of sorrow will not help.
Do not be discouraged if you can get rid of grief. And if the problem is inevitable, shedding tears is pointless.

The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you will not catch it.
Caught in awkward situation, having uttered a bad word, it is impossible to go back.

Word is silver, silence is gold.
To say something useful is a matter of honor, but it is better to remain silent about useless and empty chatter.

The earth is full of hearing.
Man knows secret information thanks to the rumors.

A dog is biting from the life of a dog.
Unkind, aggressive person often becomes so from the conditions of his life: from the lack of love, the care of those around him, frequent misfortunes, etc.

He ate the dog and choked on his tail.
You can't do anything big without tripping over something.

There are no boundaries for perfection.
No matter how hard you try to improve things, you can always do better.

Nightingales are not fed with fables.
Talking will not feed those who want to eat. He should be offered food.

An old bird is not caught with chaff.
An experienced person is difficult to outwit, lead to a dead end.

An old friend is better than two new ones.
The old, proven, long-familiar, predictable is much more reliable, in contrast to the new, unfamiliar, not yet tested by everyday situations.

The well-fed does not understand the hungry.
The difficulty of one is incomprehensible to another until he sinks to this difficulty himself.

Patience and a little effort.
Patience and perseverance in work will overcome all obstacles.

Be patient, Cossack - you will become an ataman!
The urge to become a patient person when any difficulty is unbearable.

Three doctors are no better than one.
Similar to the proverb Too many cooks spoil the broth.

Too many cooks spoil the broth.
The more people take on one thing, the less attention is paid to it.

Fear has big eyes.
About fearful people who perceive everything small and insignificant as large and terrible.

An agreement (agreement) is more valuable than money.
A respectful contract, unlike money, can be lost forever. You must strictly adhere to its terms.

Drowning and clutching at straws.
A person in trouble is ready to do anything for the sake of salvation. Even if the method does not give special results.

The morning is wiser than the evening.
In the morning, decisions are made more effectively than in a tired evening.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
Teaching is the path to knowledge, achievements, success. And ignorance is the cause of backwardness in development and lack of culture.

Well, where we do not.
Often a person underestimates where he is now, and overestimates the features of the place where he has not yet been.

Thin (bad) grass out of the field.
Harmful, something unnecessary should be disposed of so that things go faster.

Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
One can speak about the success of any business only with its visible result.

Man is the architect of his own happiness.
For happiness, you need to do something, and not wait until it comes by itself.

Man proposes, but God disposes.
You should not be one hundred percent sure of the success of an action or enterprise that has not yet taken place.

What you boast about, without that you will remain.
A person who talks a lot about his happiness is left without it.

What the hell is not joking (while God sleeps).
Anything can happen, anything can happen.

What we have, we do not store, but when we lose it, we cry.
true value something or someone is noticed when we lose it.

What is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an axe.
What is written and known cannot be changed.

What you sow, you will reap.
The good or evil done by someone eventually returns.

To recognize a person, you need to eat a pound of salt with him.
To get to know a person well, you need to live with him for a long time, having overcome various difficulties of life with him.

Alien soul - darkness.
No matter how well we know a person, his thoughts will always be a mystery. And the appearance of a person is not always a reflection of his soul.

I’ll sort out someone else’s misfortune with my hands, but I won’t apply my mind to my own.
Other people's troubles seem more solvable, easier, unlike their own.

Murder will out.
The secret always becomes clear. And the lies will eventually come out.

Shchi and porridge are our food.
About the habit of eating simple food

The apple never falls far from the tree.
What parents, the same mentality and their children.

Language will bring to Kyiv.
By asking people, you can get anywhere.

Teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
An inexperienced person can teach little to an experienced person.