The news that billionaire Roman Abramovich was having trouble renewing his British visa came as a complete surprise.
A few weeks ago, after the start of the Skripal case, Theresa May's government began talking about tightening the fight against money laundering of dubious origin. According to the British government, the laundering of "dirty" Russian money poses a threat to the security of the country and it does not intend to turn a blind eye to this. However, it was very difficult to imagine that the sanctions would affect Abramovich.
How Abramovich became an oligarch
He started his business in the late 80s of the last century. His first company was the cooperative "Uyut", engaged in the production of children's toys from polymers.
AVK, Supertekhnologiya-Shishmarev Firm, Elita CJSC, Petroltrans CJSC, GID CJSC, NPR Company followed after Uyut - all these companies were engaged in the resale of oil products from the north of Russia. In the course of his business activities, Abramovich has repeatedly attracted attention law enforcement.
Roman Abramovich's entry into the big oil business is connected with Boris Berezovsky and the latter's struggle for the possession of OAO Sibneft. The years 1995-96 were fruitful for Abramovich: he established several more companies, which he used together with Berezovsky to acquire Sibneft shares. Roman Abramovich and his associates acquired the largest oil company Sibneft for $100 million with the help of loans-for-shares auctions. In 2011, a businessman told the court that the privatization was illegal, and Abramovich became who we now know.
In 2003, Abramovich bought the English football club Chelsea for £140 million and actually moved to live in the UK.
In October 2005, he sold his stake (75.7%) of the Sibneft company to Gazprom for 13.1 billion rubles, after which he became the richest businessman in Russia.
According to Forbes magazine, at present his capital consists of shares of Evraz (31%), Channel One (24%) and real estate. Together with his partner in Evraz, Alexander Abramov, he owns 5.87% of the shares of Norilsk Nickel.
Why did Abramovich have visa problems?
Roman Abramovich had an "investor" visa, which is issued for a period of 40 months for investing more than 2 million pounds in the British economy. Abramovich's visa expired in April, according to The Guardian.
This type of visa was introduced in 2008 during the financial crisis to attract foreign capital. Until November 2014, in order to qualify for a Tier 1 investor visa, the applicant had to have 1 million pounds, then the amount was increased to 2 million.
From September 1, 2015, new requirements were introduced: invested funds must not be acquired using illegal means. In addition, the authorities must be sure that the money is not used to the detriment of the “public good”. Perhaps it was on this point that the British had questions for Abramovich.
However, on May 23, 2018, it became known that the British authorities did not require the businessman to explain the origin of the capital when collecting documents for the extension of the investment visa, a source close to the businessman told RIA Novosti. "There were no questions to explain the passage of capital. No additional requirements. The usual renewal process is just longer than usual," the source said.
The richest Russians who settled in the UK
Russian oligarchs living in the UK are widely known for their extravagant lifestyles. The public associates them with expensive London mansions, stakes in Premier League football clubs and superyachts.
The most famous among them is Roman Abramovich. In the list of the richest residents of Britain, he is located on the 13th line. The size of the assets of the owner of the football club "Chelsea" is 9.33 billion pounds.
The rating also includes Russian businessman Alisher Usmanov, who occupies the eighth line of the list. His fortune was estimated at 10.56 billion pounds. Last year, Usmanov ranked 5th in the ranking of the richest residents of the UK. Usmanov, who owns 30% of English football club Arsenal, made his money from steel and iron ore mining. The Russian-born billionaire now lives in London. He also owns Sutton Place, a famous estate located in Surrey and once owned by billionaire John Paul Getty.
Russian-British relations
Relations between Russia and the UK deteriorated sharply amid the incident in Salisbury, where a former GRU colonel and his daughter Yulia Skripal were poisoned. London claims that Russia was involved in the poisoning of the Skripals, while the Kremlin categorically denies this.
British Prime Minister Theresa May in March announced the measures taken by the British government against Russia. In particular, control over citizens of the Russian Federation staying in the United Kingdom is being strengthened. The head of the Liberal Democrats, Vince Cable, in turn, referring to the advice of the Russian Alexei Navalny, proposed a thorough check and disclosure of the origin of the assets of businessmen from Russia. In his speech, he mentioned Igor Shuvalov and Alisher Usmanov.
Just look into the eyes of this kind, seemingly simple and naive person :) But he is one of the richest people on Earth. Almost everyone knows Abramovich, even more of those who want to be him.
Today we will find out how the path of the great billionaire began and how he managed to get so rich!
And his business began with toys! When he was still studying at the institute, then between times, together with his fellow students, he organized the cooperative "Comfort". He made children's toys from polymers. Samples brought him future wife Irina Malandina. The guys who worked with him eventually made up the management of Sibneft. Abramovich also worked as a broker on the stock exchange, pushing products on the Moscow markets.
From 92 to 95, Abramovich managed to create as many as 5 companies! He was not deprived of attention from law enforcement agencies, in 1992 he even got arrested for stealing 55 wagons with diesel fuel. In general, from 93 he again continued to sell oil. Became the head of the branch office of RUNICOM S.A.
Next, Roman Abramovich, together with Berezovsky, creates a closed Joint-Stock Company"P.K. - Trust". From 95 to 96 he creates 10 more firms. Some time after some machinations, Abramovich has full control over the Sibneft company, owning at least 36% of the shares.
In 2001, he bought a stake in the Chelsea football club for $98.6 million. He also committed to repay its debts, which amounted to 29.6 million pounds. IN total amount the entire purchase amounted to 230 million dollars.
Abramovich served as governor of Chukotka from 2000 to 2008, and since October 2008 he has been a deputy and chairman of the Duma of Chukotka autonomous region.
According to Forbes magazine, the Russian tycoon is worth $12 billion. But Forbes counts only according to official data, so no one knows how much money Abramovich actually has, except for himself and his entourage. Of course, he made his main fortune on oil and aluminum.
From open sources you can find out that Abramovich owns a squadron of four ocean yachts, he owns residential buildings and land in Anadyr, Great Britain, the Moscow Region, the USA and France, plus a bunch of apartments and very expensive cars.
Yes, Romka did business. I can't even wrap my head around how one person can organize so many things. Many of us cannot cope with the opening of a kiosk or a cafe, but here ...
Someone envies him, someone admires him. Some say he was just lucky, others say he stole it all. Of course, he broke the law more than once, maybe he was lucky somewhere, and influential people helped. But he would not have achieved any of this without hard work, without enterprise, risk, a certain mindset and desire to work and earn money.
Therefore, the answer to the question of how Abramovich got rich can be very short - he did not sit on his ass exactly, unlike most people who want to become rich without making any effort.
How did Roman Abramovich become rich? It's all about the mindset
Roman Abramovich. There is a lot to learn from him.
I have always wondered how Roman Abramovich became so famous and rich. Here I met a very interesting text on the topic in the livejournal of user t-yumasheva. And this is what she writes:
When I was in the Transit club, where we were talking about the nineties, at some point there was a discussion about why some people become rich and others don't. One young man, I think his name was Pavel, remembered interesting detail how he and the company played something like Monopoly, the meaning of the game is that along the way someone becomes rich, and someone goes bankrupt. And it turned out that, no matter how they sat down, no matter how they changed the rules of the game, they always won the same ones, while others lost.
In this regard, I remembered a similar story. A long time ago, when I had just started to be friends with Roman Abramovich, he told me one funny story from...
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Who today has not heard about Roman Abramovich and his multi-million dollar income? But, many are not so much interested in Abramovich himself, as in the question "how did Abramovich get rich." According to the latest data, this man-legend occupies a leading position in the annual ranking the richest people on the planet. According to data that have been known since 2010, his fortune was estimated at more than 11 billion conventional units. Naturally, every year, he increases his income.
By the way, before the divorce proceedings with her ex-wife, Abramovich's bank accounts officially had 6.8 billion Russian rubles. Some, knowing about these large sums, come to the conclusion that it is necessary to study the question of how to get rich according to feng shui, suddenly Abramovich used the one who fell in love with last years Russians spiritual practice.
Whatever you say, the dream of getting rich leaves no one indifferent. Therefore, everyone is interested to know the path to wealth that Abramovich went through. Your labor...
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Before the war, Abramovich's father's parents - Nakhim (Nakhman) and Toibe - lived in Lithuania, in the city of Taurage. In June 1941, the Abramovich family, together with their children, was exiled to Siberia. The couple ended up in different cars and lost each other. Nakhim Abramovich died in hard labor. Toibe was able to raise three sons - father Roman and his two uncles. In 2006, the municipality of the city of Taurage invited Roman Abramovich to the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the city. Roman Abramovich's maternal grandmother Faina Borisovna Grutman (1906-1991) was evacuated to Saratov with three year old daughter Irina from Ukraine in the first days of the Great Patriotic War.
Taken on...
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Roman Abramovich was born on October 24, 1966 in Saratov. Roman's parents lived in Syktyvkar (Komi ASSR). Father - Arkady (Aron) Nakhimovich Abramovich worked in the Syktyvkar Economic Council, died as a result of an accident at a construction site when Roman was 4 years old. Mother - Irina Vasilievna (nee Mikhailenko) died when Roman was 1.5 years old.
Before the war, Abramovich's father's parents - Nakhim (Nakhman) and Toibe - lived in Lithuania, in the city of Taurage. In June 1941, the Abramovich family, together with their children, was exiled to Siberia. The couple ended up in different cars and lost each other. Nakhim Abramovich died in hard labor. Toibe was able to raise three sons - father Roman and his two uncles. In 2006, the municipality of the city of Taurage invited Roman Abramovich to the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the city. Roman Abramovich's maternal grandmother Faina Borisovna Grutman (1906-1991) was evacuated to Saratov with her three-year-old daughter Irina from Ukraine in the early days of the Great Patriotic War...
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He is known to everyone as one of the richest people not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Roman Abramovich does not hesitate to buy English clubs, the most expensive yachts and mansions. It is no secret that the entrepreneur earned his fortune due to the fact that he always knew how to negotiate correctly with the authorities. He was credited with friendship with the Yeltsin family, Boris Berezovsky and even Vladimir Putin. How could he make so much money?
The beginning of the way
Roman was born on October 24, 1966 in the city of Saratov. His parents are Aron Abramovich and Irina Mikhailenko. He had an unenviable childhood: at the age of 1.5, his mother died, and at 4, his father died at a construction site. First, the child was taken in by the family of Uncle Leib, who lived in Ukhta. Then Roman moved to Moscow to his second uncle, Abram. He graduated from the capital's school number 232 in 1983.
Service in Soviet army was held in 1984-86 in the city of Kirzhach, Vladimir Region. According to Boris Yeltsin's daughter Tatiana Yumasheva, once Abramovich was...
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Abramovich Roman Abramovich - billionaire, businessman, former governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Since October 12, 2008, he has been a member of the Chukotka Duma. From October 22, 2008 to July 2, 2013 - Chairman of the Duma of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Born October 24, 1966 in Saratov. In the late 1980s - early 1990s, he was engaged in small business (production, then - intermediary and trading operations), later switching to oil trading activities. In 1991-1993 Abramovich headed the small enterprise AVK, which was engaged in commercial and intermediary activities, including the resale of petroleum products. In 1992, the investigation issued a decision to place him in custody, in view of Abramovich's suspicion of theft by Abramovich of 55 tanks with diesel fuel from the state-owned Ukhta oil refinery, worth about 4 million rubles (criminal case No. 79067 of the Moscow city prosecutor's office). In this article, we will tell you in detail about how Roman ...
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Roman Abramovich is an entrepreneur. Roman Abramovich is one of the most successful oligarchs of the nineties from among the so-called "seven bankers".
"Master of Chukotka", who made many social projects and leaving the post of governor of the region moved to London.
After being born in Saratov on October 24, 1966, his parents died rather quickly. Mother Irina Vasilievna Abramovich, nee Mikhailenko, died when Roman was only a year old. At the age of four, he loses his father, Aron Nakhimovich Abramovich. Thus, at the age of four, he began to be raised by his father's brother, Leiba Nakhimovich, who moved him to Ukhta, the Komi ASSR. Having studied up to the second grade, Roman Arkadyevich loses his uncle, who dies and is taken in by his second uncle, who transports him to Moscow.
In 1983 he graduated high school and enlisted in the military...
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One of the most mysterious stories success among the Russian people is the success story of Roman Abramovich.
Roman Abramovich is the owner of a fortune of $ 20 billion, and according to Forbes magazine, the richest man in Russia.
There are a lot of gossip and rumors about Roman, he is considered to be crime bosses they say he's the head secret society Masson, and many other crazy stories.
Many of our compatriots hate him, believing that he stole this money from the country. For example, I admire the talent and skill of this person.
But everyone, without exception, envy him, some in white, some in black.
And what actually was the path to the success of Roman Abramovich, what qualities the future billionaire had in his youth, we will tell further.
The future billionaire was born on October 24, 1966 in the city of Saratov. Roman's family was not rich, his mother was a music teacher, and his father was a supplier in a construction...
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Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (b. October 24, 1966, Saratov) is a billionaire, entrepreneur, former governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Since October 12, 2008, he has been a member of the Chukotka Duma. Since October 22, 2008 - Chairman of the Duma of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
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Biography
Born October 24, 1966 in Saratov. Roman's parents lived in Syktyvkar (Komi ASSR). Father Arkady (Aron) Nakhimovich Abramovich (b. 1937) worked in the Komi Economic Council, died as a result of an accident at a construction site when Roman was 4 years old. Mother Irina Vasilievna (nee Mikhailenko) died when Roman was 1 year old. Before the war, Abramovich's father's parents - Nakhim (Nakhman) Leibovich (1887 - June 6, 1942, Reshoty camp, Krasnoyarsk Territory) and Toibe Stepanovna (1890-?) - lived in Belarus, after they moved to Lithuania in the city of Taurage. In June 1941, the Abramovich family was deported to Siberia with their children. The couple ended up in different cars and lost each other. Toibe was able to raise three sons - father Roman and ...0 0
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Orphan raised by grandma and uncle
Roman Abramovich early childhood left an orphan. His mother, Irina Vasilievna, died of blood poisoning when he was one year old, and his father, Arkady (Aron) Nakhimovich, died in a construction accident when he was four.
After these tragic events Roman, along with his paternal grandmother Tatyana Abramovich, lived in Syktyvkar. Subsequently, they first moved to one of their father's brothers - Leib Abramovich in Ukhta, and then to the second uncle Abram Abramovich in Moscow.
Traded in toys
In the early 1990s, Abramovich had an oil business in the city of Noyabrsk, although a few years earlier he worked as a mechanic and made toys. Abramovich's Mekong firm was second in terms of oil sales from this city.
He accelerated his career after meeting Berezovsky
Acceleration entrepreneurial activity Abramovich was given an acquaintance with Boris Berezovsky in the mid-1990s. Abramovich and Berezovsky...
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How did Roman Abramovich get rich?
Roman Abramovich
Status scores
According to the annual rating of the richest people in the world, published by the American magazine Forbes in March 2009, the entrepreneur took 51st place in the list of billionaires from around the world, and also took second place in the list of Russian billionaires with a capital of 8.5 billion US dollars after Mikhail Prokhorov; in April 2008 - $ 29.5 billion. In 2010, having a personal fortune of 11.2 billion US dollars, he was ranked 5th in the list of 100 richest businessmen in Russia (according to Forbes magazine).
Before the divorce from his second wife Irina, Roman Abramovich's bank accounts, according to News of the World, was about 366.8 billion rubles. In addition, the entrepreneur owns a collection of yachts, cars and mansions. Abramovich is the owner of a villa worth 1.2 billion rubles in West Sussex, a penthouse for 1.3 billion rubles in Kensington, a house for 687 million rubles in France, a 5-story ...
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Now I will tell you how one of the current oligarchs in Russia, Roman Abramovich, got rich.
A bit from the biography of Roman Abramovich
Roman Abramovich is known to us as a billionaire, he is the governor of Chukotka, owns his own Chelsea football club. But I was always interested in the question, how did his successful path in business begin?
Roman Abramovich's career began with military service, it was there that he first showed his ability to earn money. He was ordered to cut down the forest, and he sold it to the inhabitants of the nearest village, he followed the order and earned. Roman Abramovich - most talented person, can make money out of nothing, he has a lot of ideas in his head and still he translates them into reality.
After serving in the army, the oligarch enters the Industrial Institute, but does not have time to finish it, as the business he created at that time distracts from his studies. Further, Roman Abramovich tries his hand at oil trading, later thanks to his acquaintance with ...
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Just look into the eyes of this kind, seemingly simple and naive person :) But he is one of the richest people on Earth. Almost everyone knows Abramovich, even more of those who want to be him.
Today we will find out how the path of the great billionaire began and how he managed to get so rich!
And his business began with toys! When he was still studying at the institute, then between times, together with his fellow students, he organized the cooperative "Comfort". He made children's toys from polymers. Samples were brought by his future wife Irina Malandina. The guys who worked with him eventually made up the management of Sibneft. Abramovich also worked as a broker on the stock exchange, pushing products on the Moscow markets.
From 92 to 95, Abramovich managed to create as many as 5 companies! He was not deprived of attention from law enforcement agencies, in 1992 he even got arrested for stealing 55 wagons with diesel fuel. In general, from 93 he again continued to sell oil. Became branch manager...
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Mister A's Story
There are many contradictory moments in the biography of the world-famous Mr. Abramovich. Why did he end up under arrest in 1992? How did his partnership with B. Berezovsky end? How did B. Yeltsin's family treat him? How much did his second wife receive after her divorce from Abramovich? And why did Abramovich please the people of Chukotka so much?
Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich was born on October 24, 1966 in Saratov, in Jewish family Arkady Nakhimovich and Irina Vasilievna. His mother died when Roman was only a year old. His father died in a construction accident when Roman was four. The family of his uncle Leib from Ukhta was responsible for the upbringing of the future magnate. In 1974, Abramovich moved to another uncle, Abram, in Moscow.
After military service in Kirzhach, he was admitted to the forestry department of the Ukhta Industrial Institute, where he showed his excellent organizing skills, but never received a diploma. In the late 1980s...
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Former brewer says Abramovich usually stays silent to pass for smart
Oleg TINKOV, the owner of the Tinkoff Credit Systems bank, wrote the book “I am like everyone else”. The former brewer talks about how to do business in Russia, as well as about himself: about his childhood in a mining village, the death of his girlfriend, how he earned his first capital and sold the Darya dumpling company to Roman Abramovich. This moment seemed to us especially interesting.
By December 2001, the deal for the sale of the Daria dumpling business was ready for completion, writes Oleg Tinkov. - We arrived at the office of "Sibneft" with windows on the Kremlin. We went up to Abramovich's stern office.
The secretary was all overwhelmed with gifts: many wanted to congratulate the most influential businessman on the New Year early. Abramovich came out to us and personally escorted us to a beautiful guest room. It was striking that behind him hung a huge black and white portrait Putin in a kimono... There was another photograph of Putin on the table, too...
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Forbes collected best quotes Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich on the life and business that helped him get rich.
Luck and the roof of Berezovsky
My success is based on luck. ("Vedomosti", 1999)
I was one of the first entrepreneurs in the country. (litigation in London, 2011)
I was not a protégé (of Berezovsky), and he was not my mentor. I marveled at his extravagant lifestyle and even respected him for it, but I myself did not seek to adopt it. (litigation in London, 2011)
By various reasons, in particular, in the interests of security, I did not want to look like the sole shareholder of Sibneft, although in reality I was the only one. There were rumors on the market that Berezovsky was a shareholder of Sibneft, and we never tried to refute them.
This is the whole point of the "roof", so that it seems that the company belongs to Berezovsky. He was an icebreaker who cleaned up all the problems, and we paid him for it ....
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Roman Abramovich
Status scores
According to the annual rating of the richest people in the world, published by the American magazine Forbes in March 2009, the entrepreneur took 51st place in the list of billionaires from around the world, and also took second place in the list of Russian billionaires with a capital of 8.5 billion US dollars after Mikhail Prokhorov; in April 2008 - $ 29.5 billion. In 2010, having a personal fortune of $ 11.2 billion, he was ranked 5th in the list of 100 richest businessmen in Russia (according to Forbes magazine).
Before the divorce from his second wife, Irina, Roman Abramovich's bank accounts, according to News of the World, were about 366.8 billion rubles. In addition, the entrepreneur owns a collection of yachts, cars and mansions. Abramovich is the owner of a villa worth 1.2 billion rubles in West Sussex, a penthouse for 1.3 billion rubles in Kensington, a house for 687 million rubles in France, a 5-story mansion in Belgravia for 504 million rubles, a six-story cottage for 825 million rubles in Knightsbridge, houses for 18.3 billion rubles in St. Tropez and dachas in the Moscow region for 366 million rubles. He also owns yachts: Pelorus for 3.3 billion rubles with bulletproof glass and his own submarine, Ecstasea for 3.5 billion rubles with a swimming pool and a Turkish bath, Le Grand Bleu for 2.7 billion rubles with a helipad, as well as yacht Eclipse. last name translated means " solar eclipse”, the yacht costs 13 billion rubles, reaches almost 170 m in length. The ship's hull is made of bulletproof steel, the windows are made of armored glass. A German warning system is installed on board. missile attack. The yacht has 2 helicopters (with hangars, like on a combat frigate). There is also a mini-submarine capable of diving to a depth of 50 m. In addition, by order of Roman Abramovich, the shipyards in Bremerhaven (Germany) are completing the construction of the Luna yacht, designed to replace the Eclipse if necessary. The fleet of the former governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug consists of a Boeing 767 for 2.5 billion rubles, a business class Boeing for 1.2 billion rubles and two helicopters for 1.6 billion rubles each.
Roman Abramovich was born on October 24, 1966 in Saratov. Roman's parents lived in Syktyvkar (Komi ASSR). Father - Arkady (Aron) Nakhimovich Abramovich worked in the Syktyvkar Economic Council, died as a result of an accident at a construction site when Roman was 4 years old. Mother - Irina Vasilievna (nee Mikhailenko) died when Roman was 1.5 years old.
Before the war, Abramovich's father's parents - Nakhim (Nakhman) and Toibe - lived in Lithuania, in the city of Taurage. In June 1941, the Abramovich family, together with their children, was exiled to Siberia. The couple ended up in different cars and lost each other. Nakhim Abramovich died in hard labor. Toibe was able to raise three sons - father Roman and his two uncles. In 2006, the municipality of the city of Taurage invited Roman Abramovich to the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the city. Roman Abramovich's maternal grandmother Faina Borisovna Grutman (1906-1991) was evacuated to Saratov with her three-year-old daughter Irina from Ukraine in the early days of World War II.
Taken into the family of his father's brother, Leib Abramovich, Roman spent a significant part of his youth in the city of Ukhta (Komi ASSR), where he worked as the head of the Pechorles work supply department at KomilesURS.
In 1974 Roman moved to Moscow., to his second uncle - Abram Abramovich. In 1983 he graduated from high school. military service in 1984-1986 he was in the auto platoon of an artillery regiment (Kirzhach, Vladimir region).
Data on higher education are contradictory - they are called the Ukhta Industrial Institute and the Moscow Institute of Oil and Gas. Gubkin - at the same time, he, apparently, did not finish any of them. In the current official biography Abramovich graduated from the Moscow State Law Academy in 2001.
Roman Abramovich: first steps in business
Roman Abramovich began his career in 1987 as a mechanic at the construction department No. 122 of the Mosspetsmontazh trust. Abramovich himself tells how, while studying at the institute, he organized the Uyut cooperative in parallel: “We made toys from polymers. Those guys with whom we worked in the cooperative, then made up the management of Sibneft, then for some time I was a broker on the stock exchange. They sold products in the markets of Moscow (including Luzhniki), which made it possible for that period of time to make a profit in cash and pay taxes.
In 1992-1995 he created 5 firms: IPP "Supertechnology-Shishmarev Firm", CJSC "Elite", CJSC "Petroltrans", CJSC "GID", firm "NPR", engaged in the production of consumer goods and intermediary activities. In the course of his commercial activities, Abramovich has repeatedly attracted the attention of law enforcement agencies. So, on June 19, 1992, Roman Abramovich was taken into custody on suspicion of stealing 55 wagons of diesel fuel from the Ukhta oil refinery in the amount of about 4 million rubles. There is no information about the results of the investigation.
In 1993, Roman Abramovich continued his commercial activities, in particular, the sale of oil from the city of Noyabrsk. From 1993 to 1996 he was the head of the Moscow branch of the Swiss company RUNICOM S.A.
Roman Abramovich and Sibneft
Roman Abramovich's entry into the big oil business is connected with Boris Berezovsky and the struggle of the latter for possession OAO Sibneft. In May 1995, Berezovsky and Abramovich created CJSC P.K.-Trust.
The years 1995-1996 were fruitful for Abramovich in the creation of new firms. He establishes 10 more firms: CJSC Mekong, CJSC Centurion-M, LLC Agrofert, CJSC Multitrans, CJSC Oilimpex, CJSC Sibreal, CJSC Forneft, CJSC Servet, CJSC Branko, LLC Vector-A, which, together with Berezovsky, used to acquire shares in OAO Sibneft. In June 1996, Roman Abramovich joined the board of directors of JSC Noyabrskneftegaz (one of the companies included in Sibneft), and also became the head of the Moscow representative office of Sibneft.
Having set themselves the goal of taking over the Sibneft company, Roman Abramovich and his associates used the tried-and-tested method of the “shares-for-shares” auction. It should be noted that the law did not at all provide for such a method of privatization as the alienation of state property taken as a pledge. On September 20, 1996, an investment competition was held for the sale of a state-owned stake in 19% of the shares of Sibneft. Winner - CJSC Firm Sins. On October 24, 1996, an investment competition was held for the sale of another 15% stake in Sibneft, which was in state ownership. Winner - CJSC "Refine-Oil". On May 12, 1997, a commercial competition was held for the sale of a state-owned stake in 51% of the shares of Sibneft. And Abramovich's firms won again. All these firms arose shortly before the competitions. In 1996-1997 Roman Abramovich was the director of the Moscow branch of OAO Sibneft. Since September 1996 - Member of the Board of Directors of Sibneft.
In the late 1980s - early 1990s, he was engaged in small business (production, then - intermediary and trading operations), later switching to oil trading activities. Later became close to Boris Berezovsky and family Russian President Boris Yeltsin. It is believed that it was thanks to these connections that Abramovich later managed to get ownership of the Sibneft oil company. (see below for more details).
Roman Abramovich and Chukotka
In 1999 became a deputy of the State Duma in the Chukotka district. It was in Chukotka that companies affiliated with Sibneft were registered, through which its oil and oil products were sold.
In the Duma, he did not join any of the factions. Since February 2000, he has been a member of the State Duma Committee on the Problems of the North and the Far East.
In December 2000, he left the Duma in connection with his election to post of governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. According to media reports, he invested a lot of his own money in the development of the region and improving the living standards of the local population.
In 2003, he suddenly became interested in football, lost interest in Chukotka, bought the English football club Chelsea for £140 million and actually moved to live in the UK. In October 2005, he sold his stake (75.7%) of the Sibneft company to Gazprom for $13.1 billion and tried several times to leave the governor's post, but each time after meeting with President Putin he was forced to abandon his intention.
On October 16, 2005, Vladimir Putin submitted Abramovich's candidacy for reappointment to the governor's post; On October 21, 2005, the Duma of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug approved him in his position.
Was married twice. The first wife is Lysova Olga Yurievna, a native of the city of Astrakhan. The second wife is Irina (nee Malandina), a former stewardess. Abramovich has five children from his second marriage. In March 2007, he was divorced by the Chukotka District Court, at the place of registration. According to the press secretary of the governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, former spouses agreed on the division of property and on who their five children would remain with.
On July 3, 2008, President of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev terminated the powers of the governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug ahead of schedule with wording of his own free will.
On July 13, 2008, deputies of the Duma of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug asked Roman Abramovich to become a deputy and head the Okrug Duma.
On October 12, 2008, in the by-elections, he became a deputy of the Chukotka Duma, gaining 96.99% of the vote.
On October 22, 2008, he was elected Chairman of the Duma of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The deputies supported the candidacy of Roman Abramovich unanimously.
What owns
Roman Abramovich together with his partners through a UK-registered holding companyMillhouse Capitaluntil 2002 controlled more than 80%" Sibneft", the fifth largest Russian oil company, 50% of the aluminum company" Russian Aluminum"(RusAl) and 26% of the company" Aeroflot". Through intermediary firms, according to some reports, the “Abramovich holding” includes power plants, factories for the production of cars and trucks, buses, paper mills, banks and Insurance companies V different regions Russia. The share of this "holding" accounts for 3 to 4% of Russia's GDP.
Recently, Roman Abramovich is the owner of a controlling stake in a London football club.Chelsea.
Forbes magazine at the end of 2001 named Abramovich the second richest man in Russia, whose fortune is estimated at about $ 3 billion, in 2002. second place again remained with him, but the size of the state increased to $ 5.7 billion. According to the British magazine EuroBusiness , Roman Abramovich's fortune at the end of 2002. reached a value of 3.3 billion euros.
During 2003-2005, Abramovich sold his stakes in Aeroflot, Russian Aluminum, Irkutskenergo and the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station, RusPromAvto - and, finally, Sibneft.
Interesting Facts
In January-May 1998, the first unsuccessful attempt the creation of the united company Yuksi based on the merger of Sibneft and Yukos, the completion of which was prevented by the ambitions of the owners.
According to some information, the beginning of the divergence of business and political interests of Abramovich and Berezovsky, which subsequently ended in a break in relations, dates back to the same time.
In November 1998, the first mention of Abramovich appeared in the media (with for a long time even his photographs were missing) - the dismissed head of the Presidential Security Service, Alexander Korzhakov, called him the treasurer of President Yeltsin's inner circle (the so-called "family"). Information became public that Abramovich pays the expenses of the President's daughter Tatyana Dyachenko and her future husband Valentin Yumashev, was engaged in financing election campaign Yeltsin in 1996, lobbying for government appointments.
In December 1999, Abramovich became a State Duma deputy from the Chukotka constituency No. 223. A year later, he won the gubernatorial elections in Chukotka, gaining over 90% of the vote, and resigned as a deputy. Abramovich brings his managers from Sibneft with him to Chukotka and invests significant funds of his own in improving the living conditions of local residents.
In 2000, Abramovich, together with Oleg Deripaska, created the Russian Aluminum company, and also became co-owners of Irkutskenergo, the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station and the RusPromAvto automotive holding (production of cars and trucks, buses and road construction equipment).
At the end of 2000, Abramovich bought out a block of ORT shares (42.5%) from Boris Berezovsky and resold them to Sberbank six months later. In the spring of 2001, Sibneft shareholders bought up a blocking stake in Aeroflot (26%).
In May 2001, the Prosecutor General's Office of Russia initiated several criminal cases against the management of Sibneft at the request of State Duma deputies on the basis of an act Accounts Chamber about violations during the privatization of Sibneft, however, already in August 2001, the investigation was terminated due to the lack of corpus delicti.
In the summer of 2001, for the first time, Abramovich entered the list of the richest people according to Forbes magazine with a fortune of $ 14 billion.
In October 2001, it becomes officially known that Millhouse Capital, a company registered in London and given control of all their assets, was established by Sibneft shareholders. Shvidler, President of Sibneft, becomes Chairman of the Board of Directors of Millhouse.
In December 2002, Sibneft, together with TNK, acquired at an auction 74.95% of the shares of the Russian-Belarusian company Slavneft (earlier, Sibneft bought another 10% of the shares from Belarus) and subsequently divided its assets among themselves.
In the summer of 2003, Abramovich bought the bankrupt English football club Chelsea, paid off its debts and staffed the team with expensive players, which was widely reported in the media in Britain and in Russia, where he was accused of investing Russian money in foreign sports .
Starting from the second half of 2003, the Sibneft company was subjected to inspections by the Prosecutor General's Office regarding the legality of the acquisition in December 1995 of a stake in a number of companies - Noyabrskneftegazgeofizika, Noyabrskneftegaz, the Omsk Oil Refinery and Omsknefteprodukt, and in March 2004 the Ministry of Taxes and charges presented by "Sibneft" tax claims for 2000-2001 in the amount of about one billion dollars. Later it became known that the size of the tax debt was reduced by more than three times by the tax authorities, and the debt itself has already been returned to the budget.
In 2003, there was another attempt to merge Sibneft and Yukos, which fails on the initiative of Abramovich after the arrest of Khodorkovsky and the presentation of multibillion-dollar tax claims against Yukos.
It is believed that the biography of Abramovich is strikingly different from the biographies of most of his neighbors in the Russian Forbes.
Mostly large modern politics and businessmen - children of Soviet party and economic functionaries. And Roman Abramovich seems to fall out of this circle - he was born in 1966 in Saratov (his father's parents were deported there from Lithuania), orphaned early. His mother died when the boy was one and a half years old, and three years later his father died at a construction site.
However, a closer look reveals that the roots of Abramovich's wealth stem from pervasive Soviet corruption.
Uncle's "son"
In Jewish and Caucasian clans, it is not customary to send children to orphanages - this is a shame on the whole family ( titular nation there's a lot to learn here.) Therefore, the boy was taken to the Komi ASSR, where his uncle Leiba lived. The uncle held the grain position of the head of the Pechorles work supply department in Ukhta, but later, at the family council, the relatives decided that it was better for the child to be brought up in the capital, and the ten-year-old Roma was brought up by the Moscow uncle Abram. So a native of the provincial Saratov graduated from a very good 232nd school in the center of Moscow.
Despite good connections, Abramovich served two years in the army, although not in difficult place. The quiet, polite fighter is still remembered by his colleagues in the autoplatoon of an artillery regiment in Kirzhach, Vladimir Region, where he served in 1984-86. How can you not remember that!
Once, his unit was ordered to cut down a section of forest in short time. Abramovich, who was adept at forestry, came up with the idea of dividing this land into squares and ... sold it local residents for firewood, warning that it was necessary to cut it quickly, otherwise the deal could be canceled.
In addition, Roman tried to get higher education, but does not appear to have succeeded in doing so. There are traces of him in the archives of the Ukhta Industrial Institute (back to Uncle Leiba!) - but after the army he did not return there. Later, he was seen in the "kerosene" - the Moscow Institute of Oil and Gas. THEM. Gubkin (now - Russian State University of Oil and Gas - ed.), but did not reach the diploma even here. Interesting times came, and very unexpected prospects opened up before the young student.
Big game
Where is the time to study? Yes, and for "normal" work too. Abramovich worked for a while as a mechanic at SU No. 122 of the Mosspetsmontazh trust - in the absence of vocational education, the army specialty helped - but after that he was not noticed in any activity "for mere mortals".
People who knew Abramovich in those years have become surprisingly silent today, but the refrain of their few statements is this: "He was interested in everything that money could bring." And, apparently, this "everything" did not always remain within the framework of the Criminal Code.
Roman Arkadyevich himself does not admit any sins, however, and connects his initial capital with the Uyut cooperative, which produced bright plastic toys for children in the late 1980s. Later, Uyut employees became the backbone of Sibneft's managers during Abramovich's time. Toys, according to our hero, sold so well in Moscow clothing markets that he even paid taxes.
AVK, Supertekhnologiya-Shishmarev Firm, Elita CJSC, Petroltrans CJSC, GID CJSC, NPR Company followed after Uyut - all these offices resold oil products from the north of Russia, because uncle's connections in Komi worked properly.
True, a small misfire happened in June 1992, when 25-year-old Roma was arrested - someone stole 55 wagons of diesel fuel intended for Russian army. But soon the young man was released, and the situation with the wagons remains mysterious to this day. They stole then on such a scale that there was neither time nor desire to investigate such trifles.
Soon Abramovich continued his research in the field of oil resale - for example, from 1993 to 1996 he was the head of the Moscow branch of the Swiss company RUNICOM S.A., created specifically to obtain hydrocarbons on the cheap.
fourth father
Approximately in the same 1993, somewhere on vacation from the labors of the righteous and the dungeons of stone, Roman met Boris Berezovsky, an experienced entrepreneur 20 years older. For some time, of course, Berezovsky was his “fourth father” (after Arkady, Leiba and Abram Abramovich). They have been partners since 1994.
Berezovsky's political weight was already very high - and friendship with him actually gave Abramovich a first-class ticket to the Russian business elite.
In 1995-96, with the help of loans-for-shares auctions, friends acquired the most powerful Sibneft for a ridiculous 100 million dollars (in 2011, Abramovich said in court that this happened with violations of the law, as if someone had illusions about this) - and Abramovich became what we now know.
A quarter of a century after that, Abramovich and Berezovsky in a London court will publicly discuss the meaning of the term krysha - which Boris was for Roman.
REFERENCE. It should be emphasized that Roman Abramovich is by no means an oligarch, that is, not a person who, thanks to money, gained power or influence on power (typical examples are Donald Trump, Boris Berezovsky). Unlike most other billionaires, Abramovich was never interested in power at all: he only used his connections in personal commercial purposes. This also includes his Chukotka governorship: it became a kind of social burden for Roman Arkadyevich, but by no means a step towards political career. He was only interested in money.
Let's summarize. The starting point for Roman Abramovich was the reliable connections of the Jewish clan to which he belongs, the maximum possible disregard for laws in those conditions, and, of course, his own ingenuity. It cannot be called self-made in any way - he always relied on someone, used someone, deceived someone. Otherwise, however, it was impossible to rise in the early 1990s.
