municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
Kindergarten №152
Consultation for educators
Muses. supervisor:
L.A. Belova
Ulyanovsk, 2014.
An excursion into history.
Music has always claimed a special role in society. Even the ancients knew that art has a healing effect! IN Ancient Greece Pythagoras, at his university in Crotona, began and ended the day with singing: in the morning to clear the mind of sleep and arouse activity, in the evening to calm down and tune in to rest.
In ancient times, music and medical centers treated people for longing, nervous disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system. Music influenced intellectual development, accelerating the growth of cells responsible for human intelligence. It is no coincidence that mathematics classes in the Pythagorean school were held to the sounds of music, which increases the efficiency and mental activity of the brain.
Music can change development: accelerate the growth of some cells, slow down the growth of others. But, most importantly, music can influence the emotional well-being of a person. Immortals musical works Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Tchaikovsky are able to activate the energy processes of the body and direct them to its physical recovery.
But all these experiments were carried out with adults. The influence of music on the condition of children was the first in our country to be studied by the outstanding psychoneurologist V. M. Bekhterev at the beginning of the 20th century. Even then it was clear that it is useful for children to listen to the classics and lullabies, that music not only develops children, but also heals them. Twelve - fifteen years ago, scientists from the Institute of Pediatrics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences decided to find a scientific justification for the method of music therapy. And the very first patients who received music treatment were newborns from the premature babies department.
What research has shown. In children affected by a lack of oxygen during fetal development, whether they are full-term or premature, as a rule, the activity of cell enzymes is reduced. After the babies were allowed to listen classical music, the activity of cell enzymes increased in them. This was shown by cytochemical analysis. Infants also measured blood pressure, pulse, breathing rhythm. And everywhere they saw the classic reaction of adaptation: the body adapted to environment and felt better.
Or maybe children react this way to any sound stimulus - the ticking of an alarm clock, a conversation? Maybe harmony and melody have nothing to do with it? The researchers played the infants with a metronome, which beat out a slow rhythm to the tempo of calm music. Outwardly, the newborns behaved well: they calmed down, fell asleep. But the cytochemical analysis dispassionately noted: against the background of a working metronome, inhibition of enzymes occurs in the cells. This, by the way, is proof that rock music with a pronounced pulsating rhythm is harmful to young children.
When the newborns left the hospital, doctors recommended their parents to continue music therapy sessions along with massage, special gymnastics and water exercises at home. Parents had different attitudes to such advice, someone then let their child listen to music, someone didn’t ...
But when a year later all these children were examined at the Institute of Pediatrics, interesting things turned out. Babies who constantly listened to classical music coped better with neurological disorders than those whose parents did not believe in healing power music therapy. This is how reliable statistics came about.
What kind of music should babies listen to?
Excitable, restless children benefit from melodies at a slow pace - "adagio", "andante". These are usually the second parts. classical sonatas, instrumental concerts. Since at the beginning of their research, our doctors relied on the experience of the Germans in this area - in Germany there was the most literature on this issue, German and German prevailed in their programs. Viennese classics: Mozart, Schubert, Haydn ... Then Vivaldi, Tchaikovsky were added ... This could be, for example: the 2nd part of Mozart's "Little Night Serenade", "Winter" from Vivaldi's "Four Seasons", a duet of Lisa and Polina from Tchaikovsky's operas Queen of Spades, lullaby songs.
Listening to the 2nd part of "Little Night Serenade" by W. Mozart.
Moreover, a melody with words affects children more than a melody without words. And live singing is stronger than an instrumental performance recorded on a disc or cassette. And no matter what language they sing in, newborns listen perfectly to, for example, Brahms' lullaby or Christmas carols in German.
And for babies with the syndrome of oppression, who suck badly, sometimes even breathe irregularly, works in the tempo of "allegro" and "allegro moderato" by Mozart, Schubert, Haydn are useful ... For example: waltzes from Tchaikovsky's ballets, "On the troika" from his own "Seasons", "Spring" from Vivaldi's "Seasons", as well as marching melodies.
Listening to the "Big Waltz" P.I. Tchaikovsky from the ballet "Swan Lake".
Music therapy sessions also have a good effect on healthy, normally developing babies. After all, they sometimes need to calm down or, conversely, cheer up. So you can do this with the help of relaxing or activating music. In no case should children be allowed to listen to music through headphones. Our ears are naturally adapted to diffuse sound. Directional sound can cause acoustic trauma to the immature brain.
Relaxation at the cellular level.
Now the parents big choice- they can buy audio cassettes and CDs with traditional classical music. Or cassettes of classics arranged especially for kids. There, bells were introduced into the ensemble of instruments. And they also sell recordings of classical music against the background of sounds of nature - the noise of a stream, the surf, the sounds of a forest ... Audio cassettes are called: "Baby in the Forest", "Baby by the Sea", "Baby by the River" ... Also a pleasant medicine. Listen to music with your baby and relax, because mothers of restless babies simply need good vacation, at the cellular level.
Any art develops, educates the child's personality, allows you to understand life, find and know yourself, form self-esteem. Specially selected music can generally optimize brain activity. When it comes to the developing brain small child, then musical influences can act as constructing the brain. Therefore, it is very important that a child from birth (and even earlier) has the opportunity to hear beautiful and “rich” music. The children of mothers who listened to music at the twenty-eighth - thirty-sixth weeks of pregnancy begin to react to sounds faster than others, to recognize melodies. They have a better memory.
The influence of music on the development of the fetus also lies in the fact that children who listened to music in the womb begin to sit, walk and talk faster.
The conducted experiments show that, for example, the fetus reacts to the sound of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony - the child begins to move, the rhythm of his heartbeat accelerates.
Listening to an excerpt from the 5th symphony by L.V. Beethoven.
The baby reacts differently to melodic, smooth music - the heart beats at a slower pace. Therefore, sounds contribute to the development of fetal motor activity. In addition, music coming from the outside world is the only way to get any information about this world so far.
Music has a positive effect on the child both before birth and in the subsequent period. Music calms the child. Helps physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important that mothers sing to their children, especially melodic songs.
The influence of music on physical development children is actively studied by scientists. According to a number of studies, even before birth, the child hears sounds and feels vibrations from the outside world. When parents sing and talk to an unborn child, it is believed that he also communicates with them and with the outside world. Children may respond to sounds, most often in the form of jolts. Some studies have found that babies, even while in the womb, have their own musical preferences. If you listen to lyrical classical music, chances are your child will calm down and stop kicking. And music in the style of rock or metal can provoke real dances in the mother's stomach.
Scientists involved in scientific research about the influence of music on the physical development of children, they believe that listening to Mozart contributes to the development mental activity children. Scientists call this phenomenon the "Mozart effect". To feel beneficial effect music on a child, doctors often advise mothers to listen to lyrical music (especially classical) more often. Music is considered as part of human nature, which slowly but effectively restores harmony in life and contributes to the further physical development of the child.
It has long been noticed that children fall asleep well to lullabies or reading a book. Sounds, especially those that are melodious, soothe and lull children. Music also contributes to the rapid development of speech in preschool children. And for the children school age helps you learn faster foreign languages. After all, it is known that even small children easily memorize songs in another language, even without knowing the meaning of the words. But this is their first step towards learning this language. Children are much more likely to memorize and reproduce songs rather than individual words and texts. Since it is easier for children to sing than to speak, music is considered effective tool treatment of stuttering in children. Music helps improve speech, and what children cannot say can be easily sung.
According to US researchers, healing power music is needed to normalize blood pressure, helps activate brain activity and strengthens the immune system. Rhythmic and energetic march-style music tones many muscles, which is extremely beneficial for the physical development of children. Therefore, many do exercises to bravura music. For some children, music is a means of focus. It makes children focused, helps to focus their thinking on a specific topic, and at the same time relieves stress and fatigue. If your child falls asleep and wakes up with music, he will be much happier and healthier.
However, instead of listening to music, it is much more beneficial to sing yourself. Australian doctors even practice singing sessions for medicinal purposes. It is enough to hum the simplest melody to make you feel better. Therefore, singing or music lessons are very useful for the physical development of children. She teaches the love of life. Therefore, children who are passionate about music become more educated, attentive, honest in their relationships with other people, radiate calmness and positive mood. "Musical" children develop in intellectual development faster than their peers. Music develops Creative skills children, aesthetics, culture of behavior, helps to build trusting relationships and make new friends.
Music can be expressed not only through musical instruments and sound-reproducing devices. Music is encoded in the sounds of nature - the sound of waves and the rustle of leaves in the wind, the singing of birds and crickets, the rustle of rain, and so on. Therefore, be in nature more often. Find exactly the music that your child likes the most and try to listen to it as often as possible.
Early musical experience as well musical activity(singing, moving to music, playing music, listening to music, etc.) open access to innate mechanisms responsible for the perception, understanding of music and expands the use of these mechanisms for the formation of others higher functions brain.
The recently coined term "music therapy" can act as an additional stimulus for the development of children. It is based on several fundamental definitions: listening to music develops visual-figurative thinking - the ability to analyze the image and then synthesize it. This kind of thinking is at the core of mathematics, engineering, and other disciplines;
- how earlier child join the music, the more chances he has to fall in love and master it for real;
- musical games combine talking and singing with rhythmic movements. The areas of the brain responsible for these actions also control motor impulses, thanks to which the child learns more and more to control his body.
- Music games help the child simultaneously use many skills at work, which develops multilateral neural connections.
child, with early age listening to live music and playing with musical instruments, is more likely to realize his innate musical potential when he gets older;
- when a child listens to classical music, the brain connections that are responsible for his mathematical abilities are strengthened;
- contact with music is extremely important for speech and emotional development, as well as to strengthen motor skills;
- rhythmic songs that you sing to your baby contribute to the development of his brain.
Therefore, music, by virtue of its inner nature, must be integral part any upbringing.
In "Methodology musical education» N. Vetlugina writes that singing develops the vocal apparatus, speech, strengthens the vocal cords, and regulates breathing. Rhythm classes contribute to the physical development of children, coordination of movements improves, posture improves, vitality increases, which creates a cheerful, joyful mood and favorably affects the state of the body as a whole. Thus, music is one of the means of physical development of children.
Documents for download:
AGE FEATURES
MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT CHILD
A child's abilities develop in the process of active musical activity.
The most significant features musical development are:
- Auditory sensation, musical ear;
- The quality and level of emotional responsiveness to music of a different nature;
- The simplest skills, actions in singing and musical-rhythmic performance.
First year of life. From the first months, a normally developing child responds to the nature of the music with the so-called revitalization complex, rejoices or calms down. By the end of the first year of life, the baby listens to the singing of an adult, adapts to his intonation with cooing, babble.
second year of life. The child distinguishes between high and low sounds, loud and quiet sounds, and even timbre coloring. The first singing intonations are born; singing along with an adult, the child repeats after him the endings of the musical phrases of the song. He masters the simplest movements: clapping, stamping, spinning to the sound of music.
third and fourth years of life. This period of development is characterized by a desire for independence. Speech becomes coherent, the musculoskeletal system is strengthened. The child has a desire to make music, to be active. By the age of 4, children can sing a little song on their own, with little help from an adult. They have many movements that allow them to dance and play on their own.
fifth year of life. It is characterized by active curiosity of children. This is a period of questions: “why?”, “why?”. The child begins to comprehend the connection between phenomena and events, can make the simplest generalizations. He is observant, able to determine: the music is cheerful, joyful, calm; sounds high, low, loud, quiet; in the part of the piece (one is fast and the other is slow), on which instrument the melody is played (piano, violin, button accordion). The child understands the requirements: how to sing a song, how to move in a calm round dance and how to move in a dance.
Mastering the basic types of movement - walking, running, jumping - enables children to use them more widely in games and dances. Some seek, without imitating each other, to play a role in their own way (for example, in story game). Others show interest in only one type of activity, depending on the individual inclinations and abilities of each.
sixth and seventh years of life. This is the period of preparation of children for school. On the basis of the acquired knowledge and impressions about music, children can not only answer the question, but also independently characterize the musical work, understand its expressive means. Feel the various shades of mood conveyed by music.
The child is capable of holistic perception musical image, which is very important for the education of an aesthetic attitude to the environment. But does this mean that analytic activity can be detrimental to holistic perception? Research carried out in the field of sensory abilities and musical perception children showed an interesting pattern. Holistic perception music is not reduced if the task is to listen, to highlight. Distinguish the most striking means " musical language". The child can allocate these funds and, given them, act in accordance with a certain way when listening to music, singing songs and dance moves. This contributes to musical and auditory development, assimilation of the necessary skills to prepare for singing from notes.
In children of 6-7 years old, the vocal apparatus becomes even stronger, the range expands and levels out, greater melodiousness and sonority appear. Songs, dances, games are performed independently, expressively and to some extent creatively. Individual musical interests and abilities are more pronounced.
Thus, musical education fulfills the task of comprehensive and harmonious development of preschool children.
An excursion into history.
Music has always claimed a special role in society. Even the ancients knew that art has a healing effect! In ancient Greece, Pythagoras, at his university in Croton, began and completed the day with singing: in the morning - to clear the mind of sleep and arouse activity, in the evening - to calm down and tune in to rest.
In ancient times, music and medical centers treated people for longing, nervous disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system. Music influenced intellectual development, accelerating the growth of cells responsible for human intelligence. It is no coincidence that mathematics classes in the Pythagorean school were held to the sounds of music, which increases the efficiency and mental activity of the brain.
Music can change development: accelerate the growth of some cells, slow down the growth of others. But, most importantly, music can influence the emotional well-being of a person. The immortal musical works of Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Tchaikovsky are able to activate the energy processes of the body and direct them to its physical recovery.
But all these experiments were carried out with adults. The influence of music on the condition of children was the first in our country to be studied by the outstanding psychoneurologist V. M. Bekhterev at the beginning of the 20th century. Even then it was clear that it is useful for children to listen to the classics and lullabies, that music not only develops children, but also heals them. Twelve - fifteen years ago, scientists from the Institute of Pediatrics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences decided to find a scientific justification for the method of music therapy. And the very first patients who received music treatment were newborns from the premature babies department.
What research has shown.
In children affected by a lack of oxygen during fetal development, whether they are full-term or premature, as a rule, the activity of cell enzymes is reduced. After infants were allowed to listen to classical music, the activity of cell enzymes increased. This was shown by cytochemical analysis. Infants also measured blood pressure, pulse, breathing rhythm. And everywhere they saw the classic reaction of adaptation: the body adapted to the environment and felt better.
Or maybe children react this way to any sound stimulus - the ticking of an alarm clock, a conversation? Maybe harmony and melody have nothing to do with it? The researchers played the infants with a metronome, which beat out a slow rhythm to the tempo of calm music. Outwardly, the newborns behaved well: they calmed down, fell asleep. But the cytochemical analysis dispassionately noted: against the background of a working metronome, inhibition of enzymes occurs in the cells. This, by the way, is proof that rock music with a pronounced pulsating rhythm is harmful to young children.
When the newborns left the hospital, doctors recommended their parents to continue music therapy sessions along with massage, special gymnastics and water exercises at home. Parents had different attitudes to such advice, someone then let their child listen to music, someone didn’t ...
But when a year later all these children were examined at the Institute of Pediatrics, interesting things turned out. Babies who constantly listened to classical music coped better with neurological disorders than those whose parents did not believe in the healing power of music therapy. This is how reliable statistics came about.
What kind of music should babies listen to?
Excitable, restless children benefit from melodies at a slow pace - "adagio", "andante". These are usually the second parts of classical sonatas, instrumental concertos. Since at the beginning of their research, our doctors relied on the experience of the Germans in this area - Germany had the most literature on this issue, their programs were dominated by German and Viennese classics: Mozart, Schubert, Haydn ... Then Vivaldi, Tchaikovsky were added ... It can be, for example: the 2nd part of Mozart's "Little Night Serenade", "Winter" from "The Seasons" by Vivaldi, the duet of Lisa and Polina from Tchaikovsky's opera "The Queen of Spades", lullabies.
Listening to the 2nd part of "Little Night Serenade" by W. Mozart.
Moreover, a melody with words affects children more than a melody without words. And live singing is stronger than an instrumental performance recorded on a disc or cassette. And no matter what language they sing in, newborns listen perfectly to, for example, Brahms' lullaby or Christmas carols in German.
And for babies with the syndrome of oppression, who suck badly, sometimes even breathe irregularly, works in the tempo of "allegro" and "allegro moderato" by Mozart, Schubert, Haydn are useful ... For example: waltzes from Tchaikovsky's ballets, "On the troika" from his own "Seasons", "Spring" from Vivaldi's "Seasons", as well as marching melodies.
Listening to the "Big Waltz" P.I. Tchaikovsky from the ballet "Swan Lake".
Music therapy sessions also have a good effect on healthy, normally developing babies. After all, they sometimes need to calm down or, conversely, cheer up. So you can do this with the help of relaxing or activating music. In no case should children be allowed to listen to music through headphones. Our ears are naturally adapted to diffuse sound. Directional sound can cause acoustic trauma to the immature brain.
Relaxation at the cellular level.Now parents have a large choice - they can buy audio cassettes and CDs with traditional classical music. Or cassettes of classics arranged especially for kids. There, bells were introduced into the ensemble of instruments. And they also sell recordings of classical music against the background of sounds of nature - the noise of a stream, the surf, the sounds of a forest ... Audio cassettes are called: "Baby in the Forest", "Baby by the Sea", "Baby by the River" ... Also a pleasant medicine. Listen to music with your baby and relax, because mothers of restless babies just need a good rest, at the cellular level.
Any art develops, educates the child's personality, allows you to understand life, find and know yourself, form self-esteem. Specially selected music can generally optimize brain activity. When it comes to the emerging brain of a small child, then musical influences can act as constructing the brain. Therefore, it is very important that a child from birth (and even earlier) has the opportunity to hear beautiful and “rich” music. Children of mothers who listened to music at the twenty-eighth - thirty-sixth weeks of pregnancy begin to react to sounds faster than others, to recognize melodies. They have a better memory.
The influence of music on the development of the fetus also lies in the fact that children who listened to music in the womb begin to sit, walk and talk faster.
The conducted experiments show that, for example, the fetus reacts to the sound of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony - the child begins to move, the rhythm of his heartbeat accelerates.
Listening to an excerpt from the 5th symphony by L.V. Beethoven.
The baby reacts differently to melodic, smooth music - the heart beats at a slower pace. Therefore, sounds contribute to the development of fetal motor activity. In addition, music coming from the outside world is the only way to get any information about this world so far.
Music has a positive effect on the child both before birth and in the subsequent period. Music calms the child. Helps physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important that mothers sing to their children, especially melodic songs.
The influence of music on the physical development of children is being actively studied by scientists. According to a number of studies, even before birth, the child hears sounds and feels vibrations from the outside world. When parents sing and talk to an unborn child, it is believed that he also communicates with them and with the outside world. Children may respond to sounds, most often in the form of jolts. Some studies have found that babies, even while in the womb, have their own musical preferences. If you listen to lyrical classical music, chances are your child will calm down and stop kicking. And music in the style of rock or metal can provoke real dances in the mother's stomach.
Scientists involved in scientific research on the influence of music on the physical development of children believe that listening to Mozart contributes to the development of children's mental activity. Scientists call this phenomenon the "Mozart effect". To feel the beneficial effects of music on the child, doctors often advise mothers to listen to lyrical music (especially classical) more often. Music is considered as part of human nature, which slowly but effectively restores harmony in life and contributes to the further physical development of the child.
It has long been noticed that children fall asleep well to lullabies or reading a book. Sounds, especially those that are melodious, soothe and lull children. Music also contributes to the rapid development of speech in preschool children. And it helps school-age children learn foreign languages faster. After all, it is known that even small children easily memorize songs in another language, even without knowing the meaning of the words. But this is their first step towards learning this language. Children are much more likely to memorize and reproduce songs rather than individual words and texts. Since singing is easier for children than talking, music is considered an effective treatment for stuttering in children. Music helps improve speech, and what children cannot say can be easily sung.
According to US researchers, the healing power of music is needed to normalize blood pressure, help activate brain activity and strengthen the immune system. Rhythmic and energetic march-style music tones many muscles, which is extremely beneficial for the physical development of children. Therefore, many do exercises to bravura music. For some children, music is a means of focus. It makes children focused, helps to focus their thinking on a specific topic, and at the same time relieves stress and fatigue. If your child falls asleep and wakes up with music, he will be much happier and healthier.
However, instead of listening to music, it is much more beneficial to sing yourself. Australian doctors even practice singing sessions for medicinal purposes. It is enough to hum the simplest melody to make you feel better. Therefore, singing or music lessons are very useful for the physical development of children. She teaches the love of life. Therefore, children who are passionate about music become more educated, attentive, honest in their relationships with other people, radiate calm and positive mood. "Musical" children develop in intellectual development faster than their peers. Music develops children's creative abilities, aesthetics, culture of behavior, helps to build trusting relationships and make new friends.
Music can be expressed not only through musical instruments and sound-reproducing devices. Music is encoded in the sounds of nature - the sound of waves and the rustle of leaves in the wind, the singing of birds and crickets, the rustle of rain, and so on. Therefore, be in nature more often. Find exactly the music that your child likes the most and try to listen to it as often as possible.
Early musical experience as well as musical activities (singing, moving to music, playing music, listening to music, etc.)open access to the innate mechanisms responsible for the perception, understanding of music and expand the use of these mechanisms for the formation of other higher brain functions.
The recently coined term "music therapy" can act as an additional stimulus for the development of children. It is based on several fundamental definitions: listening to music develops visual-figurative thinking - the ability to analyze the image and then synthesize it. This kind of thinking is at the core of mathematics, engineering, and other disciplines;
the sooner the child joins the music, the more chances he has to fall in love and master it for real;
musical games combine talking and singing with rhythmic movements. The areas of the brain responsible for these actions also control motor impulses, thanks to which the child learns more and more to control his body.
Musical games help the child to use many skills at work at the same time, which develops multilateral neural connections..
A child who listens to live music and plays musical instruments from an early age is more likely to realize his innate musical potential when he gets older;
when a child listens to classical music, the brain connections that are responsible for his mathematical abilities are strengthened;
contact with music is extremely important for speech and emotional development, as well as for strengthening motor skills;
rhythmic songs that you sing to your baby contribute to the development of his brain.
Therefore, music, by virtue of its inner nature, should be an integral part of any education.
In "Methods of musical education" N. Vetlugina writes that singing develops the vocal apparatus, speech, strengthens the vocal cords, and regulates breathing. Rhythm classes contribute to the physical development of children, improve coordination of movements, improve posture, increase vitality, which creates a cheerful, joyful mood in the child and favorably affects the state of the body as a whole.
Upbringing, training, education are the basic pedagogical processes. Their interpretation differs according to whether these processes are understood as formation or as development. How are they different?
To form - to give a certain, desired form, that is, to bring in from the outside. Formation mechanisms include conscious (or unconscious, spontaneous) influence on the child with the help of factors and means that did not initially determine his natural course of development. Development is the outward unfolding of the properties initially present in the structure of a human being in accordance with the natural laws of their growth. It is impossible to develop what is not yet inside, what has not become a component of the structure of a human being.
The tradition of understanding education as an impact on a child is becoming obsolete. A. S. Makarenko in the “Book for Parents” gave an illustration of such education, brilliant in its irony: “We take a child, fix him three meters away from us and ... we begin to educate.” The humanitarian pedagogical tradition is always focused on the education of morality. The specificity of education lies in the reproduction, development, support of a truly human in
a person, in the formation of the Image of a Man, the development of his vocation to be a Man, understanding of education as “care for the spiritual life of a child” (M. Montessori).
Respectively, musical education - the nutrition of music - is directed, in the words of V.A. Sukhomlinsky, not at the education of a musician, but first of all at the education of a Person, at "the education of a good mind and a wise heart."
musical training, as a formation, it is aimed at mastering the child with knowledge, skills, and skills in the field of musical art. Musical training, as a development, is aimed at creating conditions for the formation musical thinking, musical consciousness, etc.
Musical education is one of the traditional cultural property that determine the development of society and each individual. Child development in human culture there is a process that is organized by an adult, since the child does not know how to use cultural means. It is the adult who reveals to the child how to use them. Education in the Law of the Russian Federation is interpreted as “a purposeful process of education and training in the interests of a person, society, state, accompanied by a statement of the achievement of a citizen (student) established by the state educational levels» (Scheme 1).
Scheme 1
Musical education
It is education and training that create the content-semantic basis of development, becoming its factors and means.
Education in the arts, especially music education, has great potential.
Since ancient times, science has accumulated a huge amount of information about this. Three main directions of musical influence on the human body are distinguished: physical body; on spiritual essence; on intellect.By the 20th century scientific data have accumulated confirming the knowledge of the ancients that music is the source of the most powerful influence on
person. For antiquity, for example, the deep connection between music and medicine is indicative. So, Aristotle emphasized not only the pedagogical, but also the therapeutic significance of music, believing that music relieves difficult mental experiences through catharsis. Hippocrates used in his medical practice the impact of music on patients. Great healer of antiquity Avicenna called the melody a "non-drug" method of treatment (along with diet, smells and laughter) and the strongest means of preventing neuropsychiatric disorders.
Since the 19th century science has accumulated a lot of information about the impact of music on humans and living organisms. In the XX century. interest in the influence of music on the formation spiritual world and on the human psyche has risen all over the world. Doctors, psychologists, teachers are trying to convey to people the importance music education For cultural life generally.
It has been proven that even the prenatal period is very important for the subsequent development of a person: the music that the expectant mother listens to affects child's well-being. Most medical and psychological research confirms the positive impact of musical activity on respiratory and circulatory functions, immune processes, brain function and interaction of the hemispheres, mental performance, psychomotor, speech development, computing skills. As a result of musical influence:
■ increases the sensitivity of not only auditory, but also visual analyzers;
■ mental processes of attention, perception, memorization improve;
■ regulated metabolic processes;
■ the level of anxiety decreases.
Thanks to researchers who have studied the psychophysiological aspect of the effects of music, the following facts can be considered established: music has a noticeable effect on minute blood volume, pulse rate, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, as well as a change muscle tone and the emergence of emotions.
Researchers formulate the "intellectual benefits" of music:
■ increasing the level of reading, speech skills;
■ improving skills in solving temporal and spatial problems;
■ improving verbal and arithmetic abilities; improvement of concentration of attention, memory; improved motor coordination.
Together with these “benefits” from music lessons, the main direction of methodological searches in musical education is still associated, as L. V. Shkolyar defines it, with the approach of music to the child and the experience of childhood in music.
ADDITIONAL LITERATURE
Anisimov V.P. Diagnostics musical ability children: textbook. allowance for students. higher
textbook establishments. — M.: Vlados 2004.Theory and methodology of musical education for children: scientific method. allowance / L. V. Shkolyar, M. S. Krasilnikova, E. D. Kritskaya et al. - M .: Flinta: Nauka, 1998.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
1. Describe the sources of setting the goals of music education for preschoolers.
2. What is the ratio of musical development, musical training, upbringing and education?
3. Describe the potential of music education for the development of the personality of a preschooler.
4. Answer the question of Y. B. Aliyev: “Why do you need music, preschooler?”
5. Using the material of this textbook (parts II and III), make a table of tasks for the musical development of a preschooler at different age stages in one of the types of musical activity or in the development of his abilities.
6. Study the proposed literature. Write down the goals and objectives of music education, find something in common that is typical for various authors.
Aliev Yu.B. Methods of musical education of children (from kindergarten to primary school). — Voronezh; NPO "MODEK", 1998.
Vetlugina N.A., Keneman A.V. Theory and methodology of musical education in kindergarten. - M .: Education, 1983.
Gogoberidze A. G., Derkunskaya V. A. Theory and methods of musical education of preschool children: textbook. allowance for students. higher textbook establishments. — M.: Academy, 2005.
Zimina A.N. Fundamentals of musical education and development of children younger age. — M.: Vlados, 2000.
Praslova G. A. Theory and methods of musical education for preschool children. - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2005.
Radynova O.P. etc. Musical education of preschoolers. — M.: Academy, 1998.
- 1. MUSIC AS A MEANS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN CONSULTATION FOR PARENTS Music has always claimed a special role in society. Even the ancients knew that art has a healing effect! In ancient times, music and medical centers treated people for longing, nervous disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system. Music influenced intellectual development, accelerating the growth of cells responsible for human intelligence. Music can change development: accelerate the growth of some cells, slow down the growth of others. But, most importantly, music can influence the emotional well-being of a person. The immortal musical works of Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Tchaikovsky are able to activate the energy processes of the body and direct them to its physical recovery. Music has a positive effect on the child both before birth and in the subsequent period. Music calms the child. Helps physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important that mothers sing to their children, especially melodic songs. It has long been noticed that children fall asleep well to lullabies or reading a book. Sounds, especially those that are melodious, soothe and lull children. Music also contributes to the rapid development of speech in preschool children. And it helps school-age children learn foreign languages faster. After all, it is known that even small children easily memorize songs in another language, even without knowing the meaning of the words. But this is their first step towards learning this language. Children are much more likely to memorize and reproduce songs rather than individual words and texts. Since singing is easier for children than talking, music is considered an effective treatment for stuttering in children. Music helps improve speech, and what children cannot say can be easily sung. According to US researchers, the healing power of music is needed to normalize blood pressure, help activate brain activity and strengthen the immune system. Rhythmic and energetic march-style music tones many muscles, which is extremely beneficial for the physical development of children. Therefore, many do exercises to bravura music. For some children, music is a means of focus. It makes children focused, helps to focus their thinking on a specific topic, and at the same time relieves stress and fatigue. If your child falls asleep and wakes up with music, he will be much happier and healthier. However, instead of listening to music, it is much more beneficial to sing yourself. Australian doctors even practice singing sessions for medicinal purposes.
- 2. Humming the simplest tune is enough to make you feel better. Therefore, singing or music lessons are very useful for the physical development of children. She teaches the love of life. Therefore, children who are passionate about music become more educated, attentive, honest in their relationships with other people, radiate calm and positive mood. "Musical" children develop in intellectual development faster than their peers. Music develops children's creative abilities, aesthetics, culture of behavior, helps to build trusting relationships and make new friends. Early musical experience, as well as musical activities (singing, moving to music, playing music, listening to music, etc.) open access to innate mechanisms responsible for the perception, understanding of music and expands the use of these mechanisms for the formation of other higher brain functions. The recently coined term "music therapy" can act as an additional stimulus for the development of children. It is based on several fundamental definitions: listening to music develops visual-figurative thinking - the ability to analyze the image and then synthesize it. This kind of thinking is at the core of mathematics, engineering, and other disciplines; the sooner the child joins the music, the more chances he has to fall in love and master it for real; music games combine talking and singing with rhythmic movements. The areas of the brain responsible for these actions also control motor impulses, thanks to which the child learns more and more to control his body. Musical games help the child to simultaneously use many skills at work, which develops multilateral neural connections. A child who listens to live music and plays musical instruments from an early age is more likely to realize his innate musical potential when he gets older; when a child listens to classical music, the brain connections that are responsible for his mathematical abilities are strengthened; contact with music is extremely important for speech and emotional development, as well as for strengthening motor skills; rhythmic songs that you sing to your baby contribute to the development of his brain. Therefore, music, by virtue of its inner nature, should be an integral part of any education.
- 3. In the "Methods of musical education" N. Vetlugina writes that singing develops the vocal apparatus, speech, strengthens the vocal cords, and regulates breathing. Rhythm classes contribute to the physical development of children, improve coordination of movements, improve posture, increase vitality, which creates a cheerful, joyful mood in the child and favorably affects the state of the body as a whole. Thus, music is one of the means of physical development of children. MUSIC DIRECTOR MBDOU DS No. 99 GORYUCHKO G.O. Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 4 "Firefly"
- 4. Consultation for educators of Muses. leader: S.A. Bityutskaya R.p. Chistoozernoe 2010
