Ivan Goncharov is a famous writer from Russia who lived long life. Interestingly, in his 79 years, the author wrote only three world famous works: "Ordinary History" (1847), "Oblomov" (1859) and "Cliff" (1869). All his creations are interconnected, which can be seen even in the names that begin with "Ob". Each novel, according to the author, reflects different periods life of Russian society.
Everyone knows that Ivan Goncharov studied at the Faculty of Literature at Moscow University, but not many people know about Mikhail Lermontov, who studied at the next desk with the author. The Russian writer published his first work, Ordinary History, in the Sovremennik magazine. But it turned out that the book should be published English writer"Simply story". The author was forced to send a letter to Kraevsky, who was the editor of " domestic notes", where he asked to change the name to " a simple story". Goncharov claimed that his work was compared by title and his work was considered a translation from English.
Thanks to the novel "Oblomov", Ivan Goncharov became not only the author of the work, but also the term "Oblomovism". Goncharov used the main character to demonstrate social phenomenon Russian society at that time. Subsequently, readers drew a parallel in the prism of the national Russian character. The novel "Oblomov" is an artistic open with great power. It was this novel that made the author very popular, which contributed to the start of work on a new work, The Cliff. Goncharov dedicated 20 years of his life to the novel "The Precipice". This book was given to him with hard and painstaking work. Combining work to earn a living, Goncharov suffered and worried that he would not be able to finish his new masterpiece.
Ivan Goncharov was familiar with Turgenev and even for some time they had strong friendship. But after the author shared an excerpt from his, yet unpublished, work "Cliff", the attitudes of the great writers changed. One fine day Turgenev read The Nest of Nobles and Goncharov heard an extraordinary resemblance to his work The Cliff. Turgenev did not deny the obvious plagiarism and promised to remove the scene belonging to the "Precipice". In 1860, the novel by R.S. Turgenev called "On the Eve". Ivan Goncharov saw his lines of his novel and challenged the author to a duel.
07.05.2016
Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov wrote not so many works, but they turned out to be so talented that they earned him all-Russian fame. Actually, only three major novels by Goncharov are familiar to the general reader: "Oblomov", "Ordinary History" and "Cliff". What interesting facts from the biography of Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov have history preserved for us?
- The year of birth of little Ivan Goncharov coincided with the most formidable for Russian Empire year in everything XIX century- the year when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Russia (1812). And the date of his birth is the same as that of Pushkin - June 6 (though with a difference of several years). Perhaps these dates somehow marked the emergence of the future literary talent. Fate itself gave a sign!
- Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov received his higher education at Moscow University, at the Faculty of Literature. It is interesting that there at the same time (only at different faculties) V. Belinsky, A. Herzen, M. Lermontov gnawed at the granite of science.
- From his youth, Ivan Goncharov was friends with Ivan Turgenev. They talked for a long time, read each other their works. Once, at a friendly party, Turgenev read to Goncharov an excerpt from his noble nest", and he suddenly got offended! It turned out that it seemed to Ivan Alexandrovich that a significant part of the text was copied from his novel The Cliff, about which Ivan Alexandrovich was not slow to inform Ivan Sergeyevich. The duel almost happened! Fortunately, it was prevented.
- Apart from literary creativity, I.A. Goncharov, like most of the nobles of his circle, "served his duty" on state service. At first, he worked as a secretary in the reception room of the Simbirsk governor. Then he took up translation work. He had a chance to work as a censor. Although Goncharov himself did not like this occupation, but thanks to him, many works of talented writers were able to see the light.
- There was a period in the life of Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov when he worked as a tutor.
- Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov himself considered one of the strongest impressions of his youth to be the episode when Pushkin looked into the university where he studied. The poet started a heated argument with the historian Kachenovsky about the authenticity of the Tale of Igor's Campaign. Young Goncharov was delighted that he had the opportunity to see and listen to the great poet. As he himself later recalled: “It was as if the sun lit up the entire audience!”. Pushkin's work had a huge impact on Goncharov, as well as on many writers of that era.
- Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov in his youth made a very interesting trip, passing on the frigate "Pallada" half the world. He has seen England, France, South Africa, Philippines, Japan. Goncharov left curious memories of everything he saw, writing a story.
- AT last years life (and the writer lived 79 years) Goncharov suffered from frequent depression. He felt loneliness acutely. Perhaps in one of these attacks of anguish, he destroyed many of late works, notes, letters. Now we will never know their contents. No small loss for national literature!
Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov is a prominent figure in Russian literature XIX century. And although only three large-scale works belong to his pen, they have become a real event in literary life Russia. Goncharov was the first to notice and accurately describe one sad trait in the Russian character - the ability to give up on everything and go with the flow, even if the current blows into the mud and swamp. Our ancestors fought against Oblomovism, and we are still fighting. True, we now call it more beautiful word- "procrastination". Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov himself, apparently, did not suffer from anything similar - judging by his life, rich in events and creative achievements.
Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov entered the history of Russian literature as the author of three novels in "Ob": "An Ordinary Story", "Oblomov" and "Cliff". This fact is often the subject of discussion. However, the biography of Ivan Goncharov is full of mystical coincidences that could become the basis for questions. By the way, if you look for funny or unusual moments in the author's biography, then it will be remembered better. Well, let's get started.
Biography of Goncharov: interesting facts (a little about the numbers)
1. The future famous writer was born on the same day as Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - June 6, only Goncharov - according to the old style, and great poet- in a new way.
2. Ivan Goncharov was born in 1812. Literally a few days after his birth, the troops of Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Russia, and all summer and autumn continued Patriotic War. In the same year, a devastating earthquake occurred in the capital of Venezuela - Caracas, which practically wiped the city off the face of the Earth. By the way, in February 1812 another one was born in Britain. great writer- Charles Dickens.
Biography of Goncharov: interesting facts (a little about the cities)
- The author of Oblomov was born on the Volga, in Simbirsk, into a merchant family. As you know, this is also the birthplace of V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin, A.F. Kerensky and N.M. Karamzin. In turn, the historian Karamzin comes from noble family, the minister Kerensky - from the clergy, and the revolutionary Lenin - from the intelligentsia.
- Goncharov received his higher education in Moscow, at the verbal (philological) faculty of the university, from 1831 to 1834. At the same time, Vissarion Belinsky (Department of Philosophy), Alexander Herzen (Department of Physics and Mathematics), as well as Ivan Turgenev and Mikhail Lermontov (Department of Language) studied at the famous brainchild of Lomonosov. However, Mikhail Yuryevich studied at the university for less than two years.
Biography of Goncharov: interesting facts (a little about professional activity)
Biography of Goncharov: interesting facts (a little about literary works)
We talked about only some moments in the fate famous writer. Perhaps, if you combine them together, you would get an entertaining brochure called "Goncharov. Biography. Interesting Facts." Having become acquainted with them, perhaps, someone would want to leisurely, savoring, re-read all the works of the author: three novels in "O" and several essays.
Attention, only TODAY!
- The image of Stolz in the novel "Oblomov": Goncharov's fiasco or a creative find?
- Ivan Goncharov. Summary"Oblomov"
September 27 marks the 122nd anniversary of the death of the famous Russian writer Ivan Goncharov.
A large procession escorted the writer to the Nikolsky cemetery, about thirty wreaths were laid at the coffin: from students of St. Petersburg University and others educational institutions, from editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, from Russian musical society. There was a large procession behind the coffin.
Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov(1812-1891) died not forgotten. And this despite the fact that he published only three major novels, and the last - more than 20 years before his death. In the article “Better late than never,” he explained why he is not distinguished by fertility: “I can’t, I can’t! That is, I can’t and can’t write anything except with images, pictures, and, moreover, large ones, therefore writing for a long time, slowly and difficult. What has not grown and matured in myself, what I have not seen, observed, what I have not lived, is inaccessible to my pen! I have (or had) my own field, my own soil, - and I wrote only what he experienced, what he thought, felt, loved, what he saw and knew closely - in a word, he wrote both his life and what grew to it.
Goncharov had difficult relationship with Turgenev. Somehow Ivan Aleksandrovich trustingly told his friend and namesake the plan for the future novel "Oblomov", and in 1855 he read him an excerpt from the novel "Cliff" (fourteen years remained before its publication). A year later, Goncharov heard Turgenev read aloud the manuscript of "The Noble Nest" and came to the conclusion that Turgenev's story was nothing more than a plagiarism of the novel "Precipice". Turgenev did not deny it and even agreed to cut out a scene from the novel, similar to one of the scenes of The Cliff. This only reinforced Goncharov's suspicions. When Turgenev's novel "On the Eve" was published in 1860, Goncharov "recognized" in it motives from the yet unpublished "Cliff". He openly accused Turgenev of plagiarism, and Turgenev, in turn, threatened him with a duel. On March 29, 1860, an arbitration court was held. Goncharov failed to prove the validity of his claims. Turgenev announced that all friendly relations between him and Goncharov were terminated and left. Subsequently, they reconciled and even resumed correspondence, but the former trust between them had already been lost. Goncharov also accused Turgenev of allegedly from the first part "
GONCHAROV Ivan Alexandrovich(1812-91), Russian writer, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1860). In the novel "Oblomov" (1859), the fate of the protagonist is revealed not only as a social phenomenon ("Oblomovism"), but also as a philosophical understanding of the Russian national character, special moral path opposing the vanity of all-consuming "progress". In the novel Ordinary History (1847), the conflict between "realism" and "romanticism" appears as an essential collision of Russian life. In the novel "Cliff" (1869) searches moral ideal(especially female images), a critique of nihilism. A cycle of travel essays "Frigate" Pallada "(1855-57) - a kind of" writer's diary "; literary critical articles ("Million of torments", 1872).
GONCHAROV Ivan Alexandrovich, Russian writer.
"Reading was my school..."
Goncharov was born into a merchant family. He received his early education in a private boarding school, where he learned French and German languages, re-read all the available books - "an unimaginable mixture ... almost memorized." In 1822 he was sent to the Moscow Commercial School, in 1831 he entered the verbal department of Moscow University: the study of literature spurred the "passion for reading" and "shaped the pen." While still a student, Goncharov translated and published two chapters from E. Xu's novel "Atar-Gul" (1832) in the "Telescope" magazine. After graduating from the university (1834), he briefly returned to Simbirsk, then moved permanently to St. Petersburg, where he began serving in the Ministry of Finance, continuing everything free time engaged in literature: he translated a lot, wrote romantic poems and comic stories for home reading in the Maikov circle (in this family he taught Russian literature and Latin language to the future poet A. N. Maikov and his brother V. N. Maikov, later famous critic). In their house, the writer also made his first literary acquaintances.
triumphant start
Goncharov entered literature hesitantly, experiencing deep doubts in his abilities: "with piles of scribbled paper ... he heated the stoves." In 1842 he wrote an essay "Ivan Savich Podzhabrin", published only six years later. In 1845, Goncharov worked hard on the novel, which he handed over to V. G. Belinsky "for reading and deciding whether it is suitable." This novel - "An Ordinary Story" - caused an enthusiastic assessment of the critic and his entourage. Published in Sovremennik in 1847, the novel brought real recognition to the writer. Clash of two central characters novel - Aduev-uncle and Aduev-nephew, personifying sober practicality and enthusiastic idealism - was perceived by contemporaries as "a terrible blow to romanticism, dreaminess, sentimentality, provincialism" (Belinsky). However, the author painted with irony not only the beautiful soul and stilted behavior of a belated romantic. V. P. Botkin, rightly noting that in the novel, sheer practicality also falls, that the artist “beats both of these extremes,” admitted: “I don’t know anything smarter than this novel.” Decades later, anti-romantic pathos became less and less relevant, and the following generations perceived the novel differently - as the most " ordinary story"chilling and sobering up a person, like eternal theme life. Multidimensionality of the author's position and sophistication psychological analysis, which have become stable features of Goncharov's poetics, are partly explained by the peculiar autobiography of the novel: each of the antipode characters is psychologically close to the writer, representing different projections of his spiritual world.
Frigate "Pallada"
In 1852, Goncharov, as Admiral E. V. Putyatin's secretary, went on a round-the-world voyage on the frigate Pallada. Secretarial duties took a lot of energy, nevertheless, already during the expedition, "there was a desire to write," and Goncharov "stuffed a whole portfolio with travel notes." They ended up in a book of essays, published in 1855-57 in periodicals, and in 1858 published separate edition called "Frigate" Pallada ". Since childhood, Goncharov had a taste for travel literature, and here he spoke true master of this genre. The "parallel between one's own and the other's", the sharp impressions from meeting with other cultures (mainly British and Japanese), the habit of "estimating" everything "to one's own arshin" ensured the interested attention of the Russian reader to these essays. N. A. Dobrolyubov admired the wit and observation of "a brilliant, fascinating storyteller."
Exiled Censor
Upon returning from the trip, Goncharov decided to serve in the St. Petersburg censorship committee. The position of the censor, as well as the invitation he accepted to teach Russian literature to the heir to the throne, turned the writer into "the subject of indignation of the liberals" (E. A. Shtakenshneider's diary). His relations with Belinsky's circle cooled noticeably. Later, Goncharov emphasized that his liberal moods of youth had nothing to do with "youthful utopias in the social spirit" and that Belinsky's influence was limited to the sphere of aesthetics. Goncharov-censor facilitated the printed fate of a number of the best works Russian literature ("Notes of a Hunter" by I. S. Turgenev, "A Thousand Souls" by A. F. Pisemsky, etc.), however, he was openly hostile to radical publications, which irritated the circles of the left-wing intelligentsia. For several months, from the autumn of 1862 to the summer of 1863, Goncharov edited the official newspaper Severnaya Pochta, which also had a bad effect on his reputation. In the 1860s-70s. Goncharov, a suspicious person and, according to him own definition, "nervous", stubbornly moved away from literary world. "A piece of independent bread, a pen and a close circle of closest friends" made up his worldly ideal: "It was later called Oblomovism in me."
"I was happy with the success of Oblomov"
Goncharov had the idea for a new novel as early as 1847. Two years later, the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" was published - "the overture of the entire novel." But the reader had to wait another ten years for the appearance full text"Oblomov" (1859), which immediately won a huge success: "Oblomov and Oblomovism ... flew around all of Russia and became words forever rooted in our speech" (A. V. Druzhinin). The novel provoked heated debate, testifying to the depth of the plan. Dobrolyubov's article "What is Oblomovism" (1859) was a merciless trial of the protagonist, a "completely inert" and "apathetic" gentleman, a symbol of the rigidity of feudal Russia. Aesthetic criticism, on the contrary, saw in the hero "independent and pure", "tender and loving nature"far from fashion trends and remained faithful to the main values of being. By the end of the last century, the controversy about the novel continued, with the latter interpretation gradually prevailing: lazy dreamer Oblomov, in contrast to the dry rationalist Stolz, began to be perceived as the embodiment of the "artistic ideal" of the novelist himself, a subtle psychological drawing testified to the spiritual depth of the hero, the gentle humor and hidden lyricism of Goncharov opened up to the reader. At the beginning of the 20th century, I. F. Annensky rightly called Oblomov the writer's "perfect creation".
Last novel
The Precipice (1868) was conceived as early as 1849 as a novel about difficult relationship artist and society. By the 1860s the idea was enriched with new problems born of the post-reform era. At the center of the work was tragic fate revolutionary-minded youth, presented in the image of the "nihilist" Mark Volokhov. Already symbolic name novel, found on the last step works, testified to the author's rejection of public radicalism. Left-wing publications reacted indignantly to the novel, denying the author the talent and the right to judge young people, passing by a deep interpretation love theme in "The Break". The tense conflict background, which is not usually characteristic of Goncharov the novelist, was dictated by the acute formulation of the problem of freedom in love: the struggle main character with passion, the clash of moral imperatives with the power of love attraction gave Goncharov rich material for deep psychological analysis.
Last years
After "Cliff" Goncharov's name rarely appeared in print. He limited himself to publishing only a few memoirs and literary criticism, among which stands out " critical study"Million of Torments" (1872), dedicated to the production of "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov on stage Alexandrinsky Theater which has become a classic analysis of comedy. Goncharov offered such a deep interpretation of the psychological and dramatic nature"Woe from wit" that not a single literary historian later ignored his analysis. The writer himself painfully experienced creative silence recent decades. His letters of those years depict the image of a lonely and withdrawn person, an unusually subtle observer, consciously eschewing life and at the same time suffering from his isolated position.
