Musical instrument: English horn. woodwind instruments

2. Woodwind instruments 2. Violin

3. Tool, which is the emblem 3. Lyra

musical art 4. Viola

4. Plucked string instruments 5. Oboe

5. Precursors of modern 6. Lute

piano 7. Cello

6. String instrument - 8. Bassoon

predecessor of the violin 9. Double bass

7. The lowest bowed string 10. Clarinet

tool 11. Mandolin

8. Tool having about 12. Harpsichord

50 strings and 7 pedals 13. Harp

9. The lowest woodwind instrument 14. Cockle

10. Tool, close "relative" 15. Clavichord

which is cor anglais 16. Viola

TOOLS
Choose the correct answer.
1. Composition string quartet Excluded... a) viola

b) cello

c) double bass

2. A tool whose ancestor was a hunting horn - a) pipe

b) horn

c) trombone

3. Tools that look like copper cauldrons, the top of which is covered with leather -

a) drums

b) there

c) timpani

4. A keyboard instrument similar to a small piano, but instead of strings, metal plates that are struck by hammers. The sound of this instrument is high, gentle, ringing, like crystal.

a) harpsichord

b) celesta

c) xylophone

5. Brass keyboard instrument often referred to as the king of all instruments.

OLD TOOLS
Decipher the names ancient musical instruments by putting the letters in the correct order.

№12

1. 
   Percussion instrument, which looks like a geometric figure
2. 
   Type of drum in the form of an elongated cylinder
3. 
   Russian folk noise musical instrument
4. 
   Percussion instrument in the form of two metal discs
5. 
   Brass instrument with retractable rocker
6. 
   Percussion instrument - a type of gong
7. 
   brass instrument ( English name- trumpet)
8. 
   Lowest brass instrument

Tools

1. 
   Keyboard-plucked 1. Cello
2. 
   Keyboard-percussion 2. Kokle
3. 
   Keyboard-wind 3. Clarinet
4. 
   String-bowed 4. Piano
5. 
   String-plucked 5. Harpsichord
6. 
   Woodwind 6. Xylophone
7. 
   Brass 7. Organ
8. 
   Percussion 8. Horn

TOOLS
Determine the type of tool.

1.Oboe 1. String instrument
2.French horn
3. Trombone 2. Woodwind instrument
4. Flute
5. Cello 3. Brass instrument
6. Clarinet
7. Alto 4. Percussion instrument
8. coquelet
9. timpani 5. Plucked string instrument
10.Pipe

№15

(1) One piece form

(2) First section of sonata form

(3) Second section of sonata form

(4) Form having structure: A A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4

(5) Form having structure: A B A C A

(6) Title of the main theme in sonata form

(7) Title of the main theme in rondo form

(8) Form having structure: A B A

GENRES
Specify what type of music genres belong to:
1. Sonata

2. Cantata

3. Romance 1. Instrumental music

4. Symphony

5. Opera 2. Vocal music

6. Invention

7. Oratorio 3. Vocal and choral music

8. Quartet

9. Ballet 4. Musical and stage work

10. Prelude

1. 
   Genre of instrumental music
2. 
   Genre of vocal and choral music
3. 
   Genre of instrumental music
4. 
   Genre of vocal music
5. 
   Genre of instrumental music
6. 
   Genre of instrumental music
7. 
   Genre of polyphonic music
8. 
   genre of chamber music

1. Hulling

2. Sarabande 1. Polish dance

3. Siciliana 2. Hungarian dance

4. Minuet 3. spanish dance

5. Tarantella 4. French dance

6. Czardas 5. Norwegian dance

7. Krakowiak 6. Italian dance

8. Polka 7. English dance

9. Gigue 8. Czech dance

10. Polonaise

1. 
   Jota 1. Hungary

3. Courante 3. Spain

4. Polka 4. Norway

5. Czardas 5. Russia

6. Hulling 6. America

7. Foxtrot 7. France

8. Galliard 8. Czech Republic

1. 
   Polish dance
2. 
   Russian song-dance
3. 
   Ukrainian dance
4. 
   Moldovan dance
5. 
   Russian dance
6. 
   Belarusian dance
7. 
   Russian song-dance
8. 
   Polish dance

№20 Dance music

1.	1. A. Khachaturyan Lezginka
2.	2. M. Glinka Polka
3.	3. S. Prokofiev Tarantella
4.	4. M. Mussorgsky Hopak
5.	5. P. Tchaikovsky Trepak
6.	6. L. Mozart Minuet
7.	7. A. Grechaninov Mazurka
8.	8. D. Shostakovich Waltz

(1) French dance

(2) Spanish dance

(3) French dance

(4) Polish dance

(5) Italian dance

(6) Italian dance

(7) Austrian dance

(8) English dance

cor anglais or alto oboe - a wooden musical instrument.

The name "English Horn" is still a mystery, and causes a lot of controversy and conjecture among musicians and music historians. Listed below are several interpretations of the English horn's name.

The word "horn" seems to refer to the originally bow-shaped instruments of the early tenor oboes and especially the oboe da caccia, which were used as hunting instruments. The adjective name - "English" - is probably the result of a linguistic deformation of the word, which was formed from the original French phrase "cor angle" (angular horn, bent at an angle horn) and transformed into "cor anglais" (English horn).
Another version: the French, calling new tool"English" indicated its supposedly foreign (English) origin, which they wanted to draw the attention of the public and composers to the new instrument.
The third version says that if the modern English horn was developed in Silesia - a historical region Central Europe (modern Poland, Czech Republic and Germany), then the name of the instrument most likely has German roots, and on German the word engelisch has two meanings: the first is religious: englische - angelic (der Englische Gru - angelic greeting, prayer); and the second colloquial: englische - English (English).
As a result of all of the above, it follows that the name of the instrument may sound like "English horn", "Angel horn" or "Angled horn". Independent parts for English horn began to appear from the 1740s. One of the first composers to use this instrument was Gluck, including in the opera Orpheus and Eurydice. IN symphonic music The cor anglais first appeared in Haydn. Other composers who wrote for the English horn in the second half of the 18th century include Josef Starzer and Michael Haydn, as well as the performers themselves - Josef Fiala, Ignaz Malzat and others.
One of the most important English horn players of the 18th century was Philip Theimer, the youngest of three brothers who played the oboe. A number of works by contemporary composers were written for their trio, including, possibly, Trio, op. 87, Beethoven. Other famous performer was Giuseppe Ferlendis, who played the instruments of the work Venetian master Andrea Fornari.
In France, the English horn appeared only in early XIX century. The first major performer on it was Gustave Vogt, the oboist of the Grand Opera Orchestra. For him, Rossini wrote a solo in the middle section of the overture to the opera "William Tell". Vogt, together with the master Guillaume Triebert, participated in the improvement of the design of the instrument.

English horn was widely used in operas Italian composers― Domenico Cimarosa, Tomaso Traetta, Giuseppe Sarti and others. It was in their work that the lyrical, melodious style of writing for the English horn was established, in contrast to the virtuoso beginning that dominated before. In the 19th century, these traditions were developed by Gioacchino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti, Giuseppe Verdi, who often use the cor anglais in dramatic episodes.

The first German Romantic composer to include the cor anglais in his scores was Richard Wagner, who heard the instrument in Paris. In the operas Tannhäuser and Tristan und Isolde, the cor anglais imitates shepherd tunes, and in Lohengrin it is used not only for special effects, but also as a full-fledged orchestral instrument with an independent party. English horn parts are also found in the works of Schumann and Liszt. The English horn is similar in structure to the oboe, but has a larger size, a pear-shaped bell and a special curved metal tube, with which the reed is connected to the main body.

OBOE

One of the woodwind instruments, the oboe, or rather its ancestor, appeared in ancient times. Back in India in XII - VII centuries before new era the wind instrument otu was known. Its Central Asian relative, the zurna, which is considered the immediate predecessor of the oboe, is still widely used in Central Asia and in the Caucasus. Greek aulos, images of which you could see on ancient museum vases and without which you could not do Ancient Greece neither a holiday nor a feast, also the ancestor of the oboe, as, indeed, the old (but much younger than the aulos) Russian pipe. The oboe came to Europe from the Middle East, and in the 17th century became permanent member opera orchestra. The range of the oboe is from B, and for some instruments B-flat, a small octave to F of the third octave. Like others wooden tools, the timbre of the oboe is not the same in different registers. Its lower sounds are rather rough and harsh; medium - saturated, with a slightly nasal tint; high - piercing. Composers use the middle and high registers of the oboe most often. It is more difficult to play moving, technically complex musical episodes on the oboe than on the flute. But lingering melodies sound bright and expressive on it. The oboe very well conveys a dreamy, thoughtful mood, helps to draw pictures of rural nature. Remember: in the scene of Tatyana's letter in Tchaikovsky's opera "Eugene Onegin" in the words "...Everything has woken up and the sun is rising. The shepherd is playing ... ”the oboe tune sounds, imitating the sound of the shepherd's horn. The oboe is entrusted with the beginning of the second part of Tchaikovsky's Fourth Symphony - a thoughtful, sad tune. Two oboes play the melody of the Dance of the Little Swans in Swan Lake. But Prokofiev in his symphonic tale"Peter and the Wolf" instructed the oboe in a low register to portray a duck, loudly quacking and awkwardly waddling from side to side. The closest relative of the oboe is the cor anglais, which appeared in the first half of the 18th century. Otherwise, it is called the alto oboe. The cor anglais is larger than the oboe and sounds a fifth lower. Its sound is more melancholy, "lazy-dreamy" by Rimsky-Korsakov's definition. The English horn can imitate oriental instruments, so Borodin wrote for him one of the themes of the symphonic picture “In Central Asia”. But at the same time, he is entrusted with such melodious melodies, as in the introduction to Lisa’s arioso “Where do these tears come from” from “ Queen of Spades» Tchaikovsky. And in the "Fantastic Symphony" by Berlioz and the overture to Rossini's opera "William Tell", the English horn imitates the sound of the horn of the Alpine shepherds. Symphony orchestras usually have two oboes and one cor anglais.

creative portraits composers. - M.: Music. 1990 .

See what "OBOE" is in other dictionaries:

Classification reed woodwind musical instrument with a double reed Range ... Wikipedia

- (French hautbois). A woodwind instrument midway between the flute and the clarinet in tone. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. Wooden oboe music. wind instrument, occupying according to ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

- (from French hautbois letters. tall tree), a woodwind reed musical instrument. Known since the 17th century. Varieties: small oboe, oboe d'amour, English horn, haeckelphone ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Zurna, saryusophone, duduk Dictionary of Russian synonyms. oboe n., number of synonyms: 4 duduk (3) zurna ... Synonym dictionary

oboe, oboe, man. (Italian oboe) (music). A woodwind musical instrument, the pitch of which is average between a clarinet and a flute. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

OBOE, me, husband. Woodwind reed musical instrument in the form of an expanding tube. | adj. oboe, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Husband. a musical instrument similar to a clarinet, which in terms of volume (two octaves and three notes) is the middle between it and the flute. Oboe, related to the oboe. oboist husband. playing the oboe; oboists, which belongs to him. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal… Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

- (Oboe it., Hantbois fr., Hoboe germ.) woodwind music. an instrument that belongs to the group of those wind instruments whose mouthpiece is equipped with a tongue (G., bassoons, clarinets, saxophones). The G. body consists of a conical tube with holes and ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

oboe- I, m. haut bois m., German. Hoboe. Woodwind musical instrument, middle in height between a clarinet and a flute. BAS 2. Musical instruments were sent here .. a pair of brass horns worthless, a pair of crowns worthless, a pair of oboes. ... ... Historical dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language

Woodwind musical instrument. characteristic feature The oboe is a double reed (reed), which distinguishes it from the clarinet, which has a single reed. From tools modern orchestra double reeds equipped with oboe, oboe d ... ... Collier Encyclopedia

oboe- I, pl. gobo/i, gobo/ev, m. A woodwind reed musical instrument in the form of a conical tube with a small bell at the end, the pitch is average between a flute and a clarinet. Play the oboe. related words: oboes / st, gobo / ny ... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

Books

• Soul oboe. Album for oboe and piano. Piano score and part / Hautboy the Kind: Album for Hautboy and Piano: Piano Score and Part, Zhanna Metallidi. The proposed edition continues a series of collections of pieces for wind instruments with piano accompaniment, written by the St. Petersburg composer and teacher Zhanna Lazarevna Metallidi. Previously…

(ital. - oboe, French - Hautboys,
German - hoboe, English - Oboe,)

Oboe, amazing instrument with amazing and long history, which has the most gentle and caressing sound. This instrument rightfully occupies one of the main and significant places in the orchestra, without which it is difficult to imagine many works of great classics such as Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Schumann and others.

The ancestors of the oboe are rooted in antiquity. Over time, a person had the idea of ​​​​creating a sound source - a "cane" made of reeds and subsequently connected to a longitudinal or transverse pipe. A variety of primitive instruments were pipes such as a flute, an oboe, as well as animal horns, the forerunners of brass wind instruments.
The oboe comes from the same ancestor as the clarinet. However, the development of the original instrument (the ancient flute) to the possibility of being used in professional music went in the future in different ways, both in terms of searching for the configuration of the sound channel section, and especially in relation to the principle of the structure of the reed, which caused the difference in the timbre of the shawl and chalumeau - the direct predecessors of the modern oboe and clarinet.

In the photo "Avols"

Reed instrument technology has been used since ancient times, even then there were the first instruments in the structure of which a single or double reed was used. In ancient Egypt, musicians used reed instruments called memet.
In ancient Greece, an instrument called "avlos" acted as the ancestor of the oboe, where it was very widespread at one time.

An analogue of the ancient Greek instrument was the so-called "tibia", it was used in Ancient Rome and the Etruscans. There were also instruments at that time very similar to modern bagpipes in terms of device and sound type, they are called "bourdon". Their device was as follows, they consisted of two tubes, into which air was simultaneously supplied, and therefore sound appeared simultaneously, and one of the tubes, when air was supplied to it, gave the same sound to the other tube, only this sound played the role of accompaniment and was in the bass register . But the main evolution of the oboe took place in Europe, already starting in the twelfth century, the instrument began to be more and more drawn and depicted in paintings and tapestries, which greatly facilitates the process of tracking the history of evolution and improving the instrument. The oboe, called the shawl, was invented in the Renaissance, made from one solid piece of wood, which had a rather large, oblong length.

In the photo "Shalmey"

Shalmy at that time was made and invented in several varieties, like human voices, from high to low, that is, from soprano to bass. Just so big classification allowed to create so-called "consorts" of shawls, ensembles were then called consorts. Time went on and the tool improved and changed in good side, now we will be transported to France, the relatives of the oboe, the shawl and the krummhorn sounded almost everywhere, from solemn and majestic court festivities to the usual rustic, rural holiday. This widespread use of the instrument did not pass by the well-known French masters. Philidor and Otteter - people who took up the improvement of the instrument, the introduction of division into parts into its structure, now there were three parts, the location of the valves and holes for them was changed, the intonation of the instrument was also improved, which made it much easier to play it. The designers also added several valves, but the most important thing was that the reed was improved, now the musician could freely control it with his mouthpiece, he could calmly make vibrato, and in general the sound became much more transparent, cleaner, more beautiful. All these improvements have made the oboe an even more famous instrument, especially since oboes became part of the military bands, due to which they quickly spread throughout Europe.
Also oboes were taken to orchestras opera houses, ballet performances, and also began to be used as an ensemble and solo instrument. All these steps in design and invention made the oboe the main instrument of the eighteenth century, even saying that this century is the "golden age of the oboe". Well, the latest modifications of the oboe are due to the fact that the design of all wooden instruments has undergone significant changes. Theobald Böhm designed and proposed a very effective system valves, which makes it much easier to play the instrument and allows you to greatly improve the sound, and, most importantly, significantly increase the range in which the instrument could play. But the oboe is still a separate instrument from the whole woodwind family and it required a separate approach to its technical side. The two inventors Lucien and François Lauret changed and modified the mechanics of the oboe, thereby making it easier to play, and this system is still used today, and it is very popular with oboe players. As you can see, the history of this unusual instrument is very, very interesting.

Hear how the oboe sounds

Allesandro Marcello - 1. Andante (oboe concert)

Allesandro Marcello - 2. Adagio (oboe concert)

Allesandro Marcello - 3. Presto (oboe concert)

And now we need to talk about the family of the oboe, namely the oboe that we are used to seeing and its closest relatives. He has a very large family: oboe - piccolo (musette), sounds higher than an ordinary oboe; next comes the ordinary oboe, which is used to be seen in symphony orchestras; oboe d "amour, plays lower than a regular oboe, as it is in a different tuning; after that comes the alto oboe or, as everyone is used to hearing its usual name English horn, it sounds lower than a regular oboe, also because of a different tuning; well, the most low-sounding of the family, the baritone oboe, it sounds exactly an octave lower than the regular oboe, is not used as often as the rest of the family.

Wind instruments. This is the name of musical instruments in which sound occurs due to the vibration of air in a hollow tube. Some of them are straight and relatively short, like a clarinet, flute or oboe. Others are long, "folded" for convenience, like bassoons, horns, and trumpets. Some are made of wood, others are made of metal. Both the shape of the tools and the material from which they are made have great importance: they determine the character, the color of the sound, that is, the timbre. A special role is played by the material: after all, the sound of metal is completely different than that of wood. Therefore, wind instruments are divided into two groups - wooden and copper. But they all have one thing in common: unlike keyboards and string instruments they are unanimous. Each instrument can play only one melody. Therefore, the orchestra usually uses two or more instruments of the same type.

Woodwind instruments include flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, as well as cor anglais and saxophone.

Flute- this is a wind instrument, the images of which are still found on frescoes ancient egypt and Greece.

Originating from a reed pipe, the flute was at first a simple wooden pipe with holes. Over the centuries, it has been improved until it acquired modern look. Previously, the flute was longitudinal, and it was held in an upright position. Then came the so-called transverse flute, which the musician holds horizontally. This type of flute, improved in 1832 by the German master T. Boehm, gradually replaced the longitudinal one, and now it is the transverse flute that is included in all orchestras.

Its range is from up to the first and up to the fourth octave, the lower register is deaf, soft; the middle and part of the upper are very beautiful, have a gentle and melodious timbre; the most high sounds piercing, whistling.

The flute took part in instrumental ensembles as early as the 15th century. Composers were attracted by its melodious sound, and later, when the instrument improved, by its rich virtuosic possibilities. Flute available the most difficult passages. Often she enters into a kind of competition with coloratura soprano, which partly resembles in its timbre. Remember Rimsky-Korsakov's The Snow Maiden: the coloratura passages of Frost's daughter at the beginning of the opera are echoed by the "patterned" flute tunes. The flute is the highest woodwind instrument symphony orchestra.

One of the varieties of this instrument used in the orchestra is the piccolo flute (piccolo - in Italian - “small”). It is half the size of a regular flute and sounds an octave higher. Its sharp whistle cuts through the sonority of the entire orchestra. Previously, the piccolo flute was used only in those musical episodes in which it was necessary to depict a battle, a thunderstorm, a whistle of the wind. Now she is often entrusted with melodic parts.

In Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan, the piccolo flute plays the theme of a squirrel gnawing a golden nut. In the first act of Bizet's opera Carmen, two piccolo flutes accompany a choir of boys briskly marching after the soldiers.

J. S. Bach "Joke" from Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B minor

Oboe- This is a woodwind instrument similar to a flute, but with a warmer and thicker sound. It originated from a simple flute - a bone tube equipped with a mouthpiece and had holes - and appeared in France in the second half of the 17th century. The oboe looks like a straight wooden tube with 25 holes, 22-24 of which are covered with keys. When playing, the performers cover these holes with their fingers, and from here sounds of various tonalities are obtained. The oboe is played with the fingers of both hands.

The oboe always participates in a symphony orchestra. He is entrusted with sad and dreamy melodies. But he can also play playful melodies, for example, imitate the croaking of frogs.

P. Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 4 Part II

English horn. The closest relative of the oboe is the English horn, which appeared in the first half of the 18th century. Otherwise, it is called the alto oboe.

The cor anglais is larger than the oboe and sounds a fifth lower. Its sound is more melancholy, "lazy-dreamy" by the definition of the composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

Symphony orchestras usually have two oboes and one cor anglais.

Clarinet also belongs to the woodwind family. It originated from a flute - a thin tube that shepherds played, and has the shape of a tube with a peculiar beak. The length of this musical instrument- 50 - 70 cm, it has 20 valves and 7 holes.

C. Saint-Saens Sonata for clarinet and piano

Bassoon. In its form, this representative of woodwind instruments is similar to English letter U, that is, like a tube folded in half. On the body of the bassoon there are 25-30 side holes, of which 5-6 are closed with fingers, and the rest with valves.

The bassoon appeared in Italy as early as the 16th century, but at first it was used as a solo instrument and only two centuries later it began to be used in a symphony orchestra. Usually, two to four bassoons are used in an orchestra. The bassoon is the lowest woodwind instrument in a symphony orchestra.

A. Vivaldi Concerto for bassoon and orchestra Part I.

Saxophone invented more than a hundred years ago by the famous Belgian inventor Adolphe Sachs. The saxophone is also among the woodwind instruments, although it is made of metal - silver or a special alloy. It is similar in sound and shape to the clarinet.

At first, the saxophone was used only in military bands. Gradually, they began to introduce him to the opera and symphony orchestras. The saxophone never became a full member of the symphony orchestra. But in the 20th century, its vibrating, expressive and passionate sound drew attention jazz musicians. And the saxophone became the true master of jazz.

J. Gershwin "Summertime" from the opera "Porgy and Bess".