The ancient Yershalaim is described by Bulgakov with such skill that it is remembered forever. Psychologically deep realistic images diverse heroes, each of which is a vivid portrait. The historical part of the novel makes an indelible impression. individual characters and crowd scenes, architecture of the city and landscapes are equally talented written by the author. Bulgakov makes readers participants tragic events in the ancient city.
The theme of power and violence is universal in the novel. The words of Yeshua Ha-Nozri about universal justice have their origins in Christian beliefs: “... every power is violence against people and ... the time will come when there will be no power of either Caesars or any other power. A person will pass into the realm of truth and justice, where no power will be needed at all.
In the dispute between Yeshua and Pontius Pilate, two ideologies clash. Yeshua claims that people are kind from birth, that the time will come when relations between them will be based on the principles of justice and humanism. In Pilate's answers one can feel the bitterness of a wise man. He has long had no illusions about the laws of social order and is sure that the reign of justice will never come.
The Procurator of Judea holds a high office. He serves Caesar, but in his heart he understands all the injustice of power. As a result of internal duality - a terrible headache not letting go of Pilate. He has already been punished for the fact that for the sake of the position he is forced to commit injustice. He looks with alarm at the vagabond Yeshua brought to him for interrogation, who, according to the denunciation, “in the marketplace incited the people to destroy the Yershalaim temple.” Pilate is shocked by the sincere kindness of this man, his calmness, the absence of humiliating fear, and especially the words of Yeshua: “It is easy and pleasant to speak the truth.” He, the great procurator, does not dare to do so. The procurator connects the sudden cessation of a debilitating headache with Yeshua's ability to heal illnesses. But most importantly, Pilate is sure that Yeshua is not a criminal, so he wants to save him. He is not a robber or a murderer who, no doubt, should be executed. But for Jewish priests, Yeshua's convictions are more terrible than crimes against people. This is an attempt to discredit the government. Pilate knows that the world is driven by lies, malice and aggression, which means that Yeshua must be executed. To save Yeshua from execution for Pilate is tantamount to losing his position and power.
In the history of mankind, people have repeatedly appeared calling for living according to the laws of goodness and justice, but not one of them has yet managed to reach out to people, to change the existing order. Bulgakov was a realist in matters of religion. But in the image of Yeshua there is a direct analogy with Christ, the savior of mankind, crucified by people.
The author creates his character. He is 27 years old, not 33, like Christ, his beliefs differ from those recognized by the church as canonical. The writer shows another righteous man who independently came to the ideas of good, and his sad end. Such people, seeking justice, suffering, high in spirit, honest and incorruptible, fortunately, are not translated on Earth. When will society be ready to hear them? Tragically depicting terrible death Yeshua, Bulgakov glorifies the human feat of such martyrs who give their lives for the triumph of good.
Yeshua and Pilate higher power bestow immortality. The Procurator of Judea will be remembered for giving the order to execute Yeshua, and Yeshua's name will forever be associated with goodness and humanity. The writer affirms the idea of the eternal balance of good and evil, light and shadow. This is the key to the harmony of life.
- Personally, I read the novel "The Master and Margarita" 3 times. The debut reading, like most readers, probably caused bewilderment and questions, not too impressed. It was not clear: what is it that many generations of inhabitants of the entire planet find in this little book? In places religious, somewhere fantastic, some pages are complete nonsense ... After some time, I was again drawn to M. A. Bulgakov, his fantasies and insinuations, controversial historical descriptions and the vague conclusions he provided […]
- When people are completely robbed, like you and me, they seek salvation from otherworldly forces. M. Bulgakov. The Master and Margarita The novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" is unusual in that it closely intertwines reality and fantasy. Mystical heroes are immersed in the whirlpool of the turbulent Moscow life of the 1930s, and this erases the boundaries between the real world and the metaphysical world. In the guise of Woland, we see in all its glory none other than the ruler of darkness himself, Satan. The purpose of his visit to […]
- The novel "The Master and Margarita" is not in vain called the "sunset novel" by M. Bulgakov. For many years he rebuilt, supplemented and polished his final work. Everything that M. Bulgakov experienced in his lifetime - both happy and difficult - he gave all his most important thoughts, all his soul and all his talent to this novel. And a truly extraordinary creation was born. The work is unusual, first of all, in terms of genre. Researchers still cannot determine it. Many consider The Master and Margarita to be a mystical novel, […]
- With the advent of Margarita, the novel, hitherto reminiscent of a ship in the abyss of a storm, cut a transverse wave, straightened the masts, set sails for the oncoming wind and rushed forward to the goal - fortunately, it was outlined, or rather, opened - like a star in a break in the clouds. A guiding landmark, on which you can lean, as on the hand of a reliable guide. Probably, no one doubts that one of the main themes of the novel is the theme of "love and mercy", "love between a man and a woman", "true […]
- In a letter to Stalin, Bulgakov called himself " mystical writer". He was interested in the unknowable that makes up the soul and destiny of man. The writer acknowledged the existence of the mystical in real life. The mysterious surrounds us, it is next to us, but not everyone is able to see its manifestations. The world of nature, the birth of man cannot be explained by reason alone, this mystery has not yet been solved. The image of Woland is another original interpretation by the writer of the essence of the devil in the understanding of people. Woland Bulgakova […]
- Depicting the Moscow reality of the 20-30s in the novel "The Master and Margarita", M. Bulgakov uses the technique of satire. The author shows crooks and scoundrels of all stripes. After the revolution, Soviet society found itself in spiritual and cultural self-isolation. According to the leaders of the state, lofty ideas they had to quickly re-educate people, make them honest, truthful builders of the "new society". Facilities mass media extolled labor feats Soviet people, their devotion to the party and the people. But […]
- Plan 1. Introduction 2. “There is only one counter-revolution...” (the difficult fate of Bulgakov’s story) 3. “It still does not mean to be a man” (Sharikov’s transformation into a “new” proletarian) 4. What is the danger of Sharikovism? Often referred to in criticism social phenomena or types according to the works depicting them. This is how the "Manilovshchina", "Oblomovshchina", "Belikovshchina" and "Sharikovshchina" appeared. The latter is taken from the work of M. Bulgakov " dog's heart”, which served as a source of aphorisms and quotations and remains one of the most famous […]
- “... the whole horror is that he no longer has a canine, but a human heart. And the lousiest of all that exist in nature. M. Bulgakov When the story "Fatal Eggs" was published in 1925, one of the critics said: "Bulgakov wants to become a satirist of our era." Now, on the threshold of the new millennium, we can say that he became one, although he did not intend to. After all, by the nature of his talent, he is a lyricist. And the epoch made him a satirist. M. Bulgakov was disgusting bureaucratic forms of government […]
- “I love this novel more than all my things,” M. Bulgakov wrote about the novel “ white guard". True, the pinnacle novel The Master and Margarita had not yet been written. But, of course, the "White Guard" takes a very important place V literary heritage M. Bulgakov. This is a historical novel, a strict and sad story about the great turning point of the revolution and the tragedy of the civil war, about the fate of people in these difficult times. As if from a height of time, the writer looks at this tragedy, although Civil War just ended. "Great […]
- The life of M. Gorky was unusually bright and seems truly legendary. Made her like this in the first place inseparable bond writer with the people. The talent of the writer was combined with the talent of a revolutionary fighter. Contemporaries rightly considered the writer the head of the advanced forces democratic literature. IN Soviet years Gorky acted as a publicist, playwright and prose writer. In his stories, he reflected a new direction in Russian life. The legends about Larra and Danko show two concepts of life, two ideas about it. One […]
- The system of images in M. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" is a debatable issue. In my opinion, two opposing camps are clearly visible here: Professor Preobrazhensky, Dr. Bormental and Shvonder, Sharikov. Professor Preobrazhensky, no longer a young man, lives alone in a beautiful well-appointed apartment. A brilliant surgeon is engaged in profitable rejuvenation operations. But the professor plans to improve nature itself, he decides to compete with life itself and create a new person by […]
- I believe that Bulgakov received the label of "politically harmful author" from his high-ranking contemporaries quite "fairly". He was too candid negative side modern world. Not a single work of Bulgakov, in my opinion, has had such popularity in our time as “Heart of a Dog”. Apparently, this work aroused the interest of readers of the widest sections of our society. This story, like everything that Bulgakov wrote, fell into the category of banned. I will try to reason […]
- The assessment of the representatives of the intelligentsia in Bulgakov's story is far from unambiguous. Professor Preobrazhensky is a famous scientist in Europe. He is looking for means to rejuvenate the human body and has already achieved significant results. The professor is a representative of the old intelligentsia and professes the principles of morality and morality. Everyone, according to Philipp Philippovich, in this world should do their own thing: in the theater - to sing, in the hospital - to operate. Then there will be no destruction. And to achieve the material [...]
- Bulgakov was able to skillfully combine the contradictions of the era into one whole, to emphasize their interrelationships. The writer in his story "The Heart of a Dog" showed the phenomena and heroes in all their inconsistency and complexity. The theme of the story is man as a social being, on whom a totalitarian society and the state are conducting a grandiose inhuman experiment, embodying the brilliant ideas of their theoretic leaders with cold cruelty. The personality is destroyed, crushed, all its centuries-old achievements - spiritual culture, […]
- One of the best works Bulgakov was the story "Heart of a Dog", written in 1925. Representatives of the authorities immediately assessed it as a sharp pamphlet on the present and banned its publication. The theme of the story "Heart of a Dog" is the image of man and the world in a difficult transitional era. On May 7, 1926, a search was carried out in Bulgakov's apartment, the diary and the manuscript of the story "Heart of a Dog" were confiscated. Attempts to return them to nothing led. Later, the diary and story were returned, but Bulgakov burned the diary and […]
- Pushkin happened to live in an era when, after the victory over Napoleon's army, new, freedom-loving trends arose in Russia. progressive people believed that in the victorious country, which liberated the world from invaders, there should be no slavery. Pushkin warmly embraced the ideas of freedom even at the Lyceum. Reading the works of the French enlighteners of the 18th century, the works of Radishchev only strengthened the ideological positions of the future poet. Lyceum poems by Pushkin were saturated with the pathos of freedom. In the poem "Licinius" the poet exclaims: "Free Rome […]
- It has long been recognized that the novel "Eugene Onegin" was the first in Russian literature realistic novel. What exactly is meant when we say "realistic"? Realism presupposes, in my opinion, in addition to the veracity of details, the depiction of typical characters in typical circumstances. From this characteristic of realism, it follows that truthfulness in the depiction of particulars, details is an indispensable condition. realistic work. But this is not enough. More importantly, what is contained in the second part […]
- “Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age” - famous Russian folk proverb. In the story of A. S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter"She is like a prism through which the author invites the reader to consider his characters. exposing actors lead numerous trials, Pushkin skillfully shows their true essence. Indeed, a person reveals himself most fully in critical situation, coming out of it either as a winner and a hero who managed to remain true to his ideals and views, or as a traitor and scoundrel, […]
- Prosper Mérimée is one of the great French critics. realists XIX c., a brilliant playwright and master fiction. Unlike his predecessors, Stendhal and Balzac, Merimee did not become the master of the thoughts of entire generations: the impact he had on the spiritual life of France was less broad and powerful. However aesthetic value his creativity is enormous. The works he created are extraordinary: the truth of life is so deeply embodied in them, their form is so perfect. The theme of the people as the guardian […]
- Language is hallmark every people. The Russian language must be studied and protected, as it is an important part of the development of civilization. The culture of Russian society is impossible without knowledge and understanding of the native language. Russian is the richest and liveliest language. Its study sometimes confuses people from other countries. A huge number of words, phrases and concepts require not only a dry learning of words and rules, but also frequent practice. The same word can mean completely different things (good or bad, […]
Pontius Pilate - Yeshua
In the novel "The Master and Margarita" the writer's attention is directed to only one episode earthly path Christ: Encounter with Pontius Pilate. On the pages of Bulgakov's novel, the first trial of Yeshua takes place in the palace of Pilate, the fifth procurator of Judea, whose name is also on the pages of the Gospel. Who is he, this Pontius Pilate, who is so often mentioned in the novel? Pilate interested many writers as a person painfully combining two principles.
The procurator was a Roman official who had the highest administrative and judicial power in any province. Pontius Pilate was appointed procurator of Judea in the year 29. The name Pilate comes from the Latin pilatus, which means "spearman".
From the novel "The Master and Margarita" we learn many details about Pilate. We learn that he suffers from hemicrania, that he does not like the smell of rose oil, and that the only creature he is attached to and cannot live without is his dog. The novel "The Master and Margarita" provides a deep psychologically accurate analysis of the hero's behavior, which develops into a moral judgment on Pilate. This is a complex, dramatic figure. He is smart, not a stranger to reflection, human feelings, living compassion. While Yeshua preaches that all people are good, the procurator is inclined to condescendingly look at this harmless eccentricity. But now the talk turned to the supreme power, and Pilate was pierced by a sharp fear.
Inside Pontius Pilate there is a struggle between good and evil. He is still trying to bargain with his conscience, trying to persuade Yeshua to a compromise, trying to imperceptibly suggest saving answers: “Pilate extended the word “not” a little more than it should be in court, and sent Yeshua in his gaze some thought that would wanted to inspire the prisoner. But Yeshua cannot be deceitful. Yeshua, initially considering all people to be kind, sees in him an unfortunate man, emaciated terrible disease closed in on itself, alone. Yeshua sincerely wants to help him.
“In Yershalaim everyone whispers about me that I am a ferocious monster and that is absolutely true,” he says about himself. - Oh no! That's not true. The disputes between Yeshua and Pilate reveal the intellectual equality of the victim and the executioner. Seized with fear, the all-powerful procurator loses the remnants of proud dignity and exclaims:
“Do you think, unhappy, that the Roman procurator will release a man who said what you said? Oh gods, gods! Or do you think I'm ready to take your place? I don't share your thoughts!
But endowed with power, powerful and formidable, Pilate is not free. Circumstances forced him to pass the death sentence on Yeshua. In the novel, it symbolizes the pangs of conscience, the consciousness of the sin committed by Pilate and the symbolic cleansing of it by the gesture when he "... rubbed his hands, as if washing them ...". Subsequently, Bulgakov will force his hero to repeat this gesture in a conversation with Aphranius, when Pilate will organize the murder of Judas from Kiriath.
Execution of Judas
However, this was dictated to the procurator not by the cruelty attributed to him by everyone, but by cowardice, the very vice that the wandering philosopher ranks among the most terrible. Later, the procurator will moan and torment himself, weep in his sleep and call for Yeshua. And every night it will seem to him that "there was no execution, there was not!". But each time he will wake up and each time he will again find himself face to face with bloody reality, because there was an execution. Was. You can't get away from this. Don't hide. You won't run away. But the procurator is forgiven. At the very end of the novel, he transcends the boundaries of his era, time becomes an abstract concept for him.
“The moon flooded the platform green and bright, and Margarita soon made out an armchair in the desert area, and in it a white figure of a seated man ... - What is he saying? asked Margarita ... "He says," Woland's voice rang out, "the same thing, he says that even in the moonlight he has no peace and that he has a bad position ... "Let him go," Marga suddenly shouted piercingly. rita ... - ... You do not need to ask for him, Margarita, because the one with whom he is so eager to talk has already asked for him. One day in the life of a procurator and an eternity in the life of a procurator.
Bulgakov is not interested in the depths of Christian metaphysics. An agonizing personal relationship with the authorities, rudely intruding into his business and life, makes the writer choose in gospel story those episodes that one's own era makes one feel most profoundly: persecution, betrayal, a wrong trial...
The only thing we learn about Pilate from the Law of God is that he had a wife who asked him “not to do anything to that righteous man, because now in a dream she suffered much for Him”, that he was sure of the innocence of Jesus and “ he washed his hands before the people and said: “I am innocent of shedding the blood of this Righteous One; you look” (i.e., let this guilt fall on you). Evangelical Pilate also did not find fault with Jesus and "sought to let him go", i.e. Bulgakov retained the meaning of the events.
But unlike the canonical texts in the novel written by the Master, Pontius Pilate is one of the main characters. Shades of his mood, hesitations, emotions, the course of his thoughts, conversations with Yeshua, the process of making a final decision, received a vivid expression in the novel. artistic expression. But the supreme clergy continue to insist on a death sentence. Pilate succumbs to the shameful cowardice of an intelligent and almost omnipotent ruler: for fear of a denunciation that could ruin his career, Pilate goes against his convictions, against the voice of humanity, against his conscience. He makes the last pathetic attempts to save the unfortunate, and when this fails, he tries at least to soften the pangs of conscience. But there is not and cannot be a moral ransom for betrayal.
And at the heart of betrayal, as is almost always the case, is cowardice. Pontius Pilate succumbs to his cowardice, it is easier for him to sentence an innocent to death than to argue with the high priests, calm the people, or appear before Caesar as an accused: “From that time on, Pilate sought to let Him go. And the Jews cried out: If you let him go, you are not a friend of Caesar; everyone who makes himself a king is opposed to Caesar. Pilate, hearing this word, brought Jesus out and sat down at the judgment seat, at the place called Lifostroton, and in Hebrew Gawbath. Then it was the Friday before Easter, and the sixth hour. And Pilate said to the Jews: Behold, your King! But they cried out: take it, take it, crucify Him! Pilate says to them: Shall I crucify your king? The chief priests answered: We have no king but Caesar. Then at last he handed Him over to them to be crucified. And they took Jesus and led him away ”(Gospel of John ch.19, st.12-16).
The "Gospel" chapters of the novel have little in common with the Gospel, this immediately becomes obvious. Here Bulgakov acts as a historian and writer, creating conditional literary images. First of all, Yeshua is not the Son of God, but a man, a wandering philosopher. somewhat naive, childishly defenseless, considering all people to be kind and believing in God and in "the kingdom of truth and justice, where no power will be needed at all." His sermons seem dangerous to the high priest Caifa, on the denunciation of Judas, Yeshua was arrested and brought before the Roman procurator Pontius Pilate. The Small Sanhedrin has already issued a death sentence to the wandering philosopher, now Pilate must decide whether to approve it or not. After a conversation with the arrested man, the cruel procurator took a liking to him and decided not to approve the verdict and, recognizing Yeshua as mentally ill, "put him in prison" in his own residence. Pilate is interested in this person not only for his unique abilities: to relieve headaches and guess thoughts. It contains a riddle for Pilate, and he wants to solve it by continuing the conversation.
However, charges have been brought against Yeshua that are punishable in Rome. death penalty: statements against the power of the emperor. And the pro curator makes his choice: he approves the death sentence for an innocent, from his point of view, person. The fact that he acts against his conscience is evidenced by his attempts to push Yeshua to self-justification: Pilate in every way hints to the philosopher that one must dodge, lie in order to save life. He replies: "It is easy and pleasant to speak the truth." Caifa's threats also testify to Pilate's troubled conscience. Thoughts: “Die! .. ", then:" Died! .. "And some completely absurd among them about (...) immortality, and immortality for some reason caused unbearable anguish" - predict the procurator "twelve thousand moons" of torment. What made the powerful procurator act against his conscience, the torments of which he is trying to alleviate by the murder of Judas? Is it only the duty of a Roman soldier?
Before the execution, Yeshua will say that “among human vices he considers cowardice to be one of the most important,” addressing these words to Pilate. He will also say that he "thanks and does not blame for the fact that his life was taken." Why, then, did the defenseless, naive philosopher, who did not expect the resurrection on the third day and was afraid of death, not begin to trick, to lie, did not renounce his convictions and went to the cross, forgiving Pilate? Why did he turn out to be stronger than a brave warrior, a powerful procurator invested with authority? This was a mystery to Pontius Pilate himself.
The wandering philosopher was given incredible spiritual strength by his faith; his conviction that "the kingdom of truth will come". And what does the procurator believe in? As if trying to convince himself, he shouts in a broken voice: “In the world there was not, is not and will never be a greater and more beautiful power for people than the power of Emperor Tiberius. The appearance of Tiberius himself, which arose in the imagination of Pilate, is disgusting: a bald head, a round ulcer on his forehead, a toothless mouth with a drooping lower lip. This is all that is behind the soul of the procurator. That is why he is so eager to continue the conversation with the wandering philosopher, that is why he is tormented by the feeling “that he did not finish something with the convict, or maybe he didn’t listen to something.”
The writer places the responsibility for the death of Yeshua entirely on Pontius Pilate. The people in the novel represent a crowd of curious people, thirsty for a spectacle, the crowd does not have the right to vote, as it was in the Gospel, they are announced a ready-made decision. Choice made
Pilate. Yeshua also makes a choice, defending the good. Bulgakov shows that demand is possible only from a person who is aware of his actions. Even Judas here is a man from the crowd. Denunciation is a common thing. He does not feel any remorse or remorse, of course. He is young, handsome, in love, loves money. Ordinary person, what is the demand from him?
Synthesis of biblical, concrete-historical and grotesque-fantastic imagery in the novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
The ancient Yershalaim is described by Bulgakov with such skill that it is remembered forever. Psychologically deep, realistic images of diverse characters, each of which is a vivid portrait. The historical part of the novel makes an indelible impression. Individual characters and mass scenes, city architecture and landscapes are equally talented by the author. Bulgakov makes readers participants in the tragic events in the ancient city.
The theme of power and violence is universal in the novel. The words of Yeshua Ha-Nozri about universal justice have their origins in Christian beliefs: “... every power is violence against people and ... the time will come when there will be no power of either Caesars or any other power. A person will pass into the realm of truth and justice, where no power will be needed at all.
In the dispute between Yeshua and Pontius Pilate, two ideologies clash. Yeshua claims that people are good from birth, that the time will come when relations between them will be built on the principles of justice and humane. In Pilate's answers one can feel the bitterness of a wise man. He has not harbored any illusions about the laws of the social order for a long time and is sure that the kingdom of justice will never come.
The Procurator of Judea holds a high office. He serves Caesar, but in his heart he understands all the injustice of power. As a result of internal split - a terrible headache that does not let go of Pilate. He has already been punished for the fact that for the sake of the position he is forced to commit injustice. He looks with alarm at the vagabond Yeshua brought to him for interrogation, who, according to the denunciation, “in the marketplace incited the people to destroy the Yershalaim temple.” Pilate is shocked by the sincere kindness of this man, his calmness, the absence of a comforting fear, and especially the words of Yeshua: “It is easy and pleasant to speak the truth.” He, the great procurator, does not dare to do so. The procurator connects the sudden cessation of a debilitating headache with Yeshua's ability to heal illnesses. But most importantly, Pilate is sure that Yeshua is not a criminal, so he wants to save him. He is not a robber or a murderer who, no doubt, should be executed. But for Jewish priests, Yeshua's convictions are more terrible than crimes against people. This is an attempt to discredit the government. Pilate knows that the world is driven by lies, malice and aggression, which means that Yeshua must be executed. To save Yeshua from execution for Pilate is tantamount to losing his position and power.
In the history of mankind, people have repeatedly appeared calling for living according to the laws of goodness and justice, but not one of them has yet managed to reach out to people, to change the existing order. Bulgakov was a realist in matters of religion. But in the image of Yeshua there is a direct analogy with Christ, the savior of mankind, crucified by people.
The author creates his character. He is 27 years old, not 33, like Christ, his beliefs differ from those recognized by the church as canonical. The writer shows another righteous man who independently came to the ideas of good, and his sad end. Such people, seeking justice, suffering, high in spirit, honest and incorruptible, fortunately, are not translated on Earth. When will society be ready to hear them? Tragically portraying the terrible death of Yeshua, Bulgakov glorifies the human feat of such martyrs, who give their lives for the triumph of good.
Higher powers grant immortality to Yeshua and Pilate. The Procurator of Judea will be remembered for giving the order to execute Yeshua, and Yeshua's name will forever be associated with goodness and humanity. The writer affirms the idea of the eternal balance of good and evil, light and shadow. This is the key to the harmony of life.
" back
Table of contents
forward "
88. The cycle "Poems of Yuri Zhivago" and its connection with common issues novel by B. L. Pasternak Doctor Zhivago « | » 90. Images of Yeshua and the Master in the novel by M. A. Bulgakov Master and Margarita
|
|
|
|
Quote message
Let's turn now to the second storyline novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". In the palace of Herod the Great, the procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate, interrogates the arrested Yeshu Ha-Nozri, who was sentenced to death by the Sanhedrin for insulting the authority of Caesar, and this sentence was sent to Pilate for approval.
|
|
“The trouble is… that you are too closed off and completely lost faith in people… Your life is meager, hegemon,” this is what Yeshua says to the procurator of Judea, the richest person after the Great Herod. Pilate will also demonstrate his poverty in spirit later, when, fearing that the fate of Yeshua might befall him, he passes the death sentence.Interrogating the arrested man, Pilate realizes that before him is not a robber who incited the people to disobedience, but a wandering philosopher who preaches the kingdom of truth and justice. Artist Garbar David. Pontius Pilate and Yeshua ha Nozri (Jesus Christ)However, the Roman procurator cannot release the man who is accused of a crime against Caesar, and approves the death sentence. Then he turns to the Jewish high priest Kaifa, who, in honor of the upcoming Easter holiday, can release one of the four criminals sentenced to death; Pilate asks that it be Ha-Notsri . However, Kaifa refuses him and lets the robber go. Bar-Rabbana . At the top of Bald Mountain there are three crosses on which the condemned are crucified. After the crowd of onlookers who accompanied the procession to the place of execution returned to the city, only Yeshua's disciple Levi Matvei, a former tax collector, remains on Bald Mountain. The executioner stabs the exhausted convicts, and a sudden downpour falls on the mountain. |
According to the gospel legend, Pontius Pilate, forced to agree to the execution of Jesus, washed his hands in front of the crowd and said: "I am innocent of the blood of this Righteous One." From here came the expressions for the removal of responsibility "I wash my hands."
When the Apostle Thomas was told about the resurrection of the crucified Christ, he declared: "... if I do not see the wounds from the nails on His hands, and put my finger in His wounds, and put my hands in His side, I will not believe."
Resurrection of Jesus Christ
The procurator summons Aphranius, the head of his secret service, and instructs him to kill Judas from Kiriath, who received money from the Sanhedrin for allowing Yeshua to be arrested in his house Ha-Notsri . Soon, a young woman named Niza allegedly accidentally meets Judas in the city and appoints him a date outside the city in the Garden of Gethsemane, where unknown people attack him, stab him with a knife and take away a purse of money. After some time, Aphranius reports to Pilate that Judas was stabbed to death, and a bag of money - thirty tetradrachms - was thrown into the house of the high priest.
Levi Matthew is brought to Pilate, who shows the procurator a parchment with sermons written down by him. Ha-Notsri . “The gravest vice is cowardice,” reads the procurator.
Pontius Pilate
Magic black horses carry away Woland, his retinue, Margarita and the master. “Your novel has been read,” Woland says to the master, “and I would like to show you your hero. For about two thousand years he has been sitting on this site and dreaming of a lunar road and wants to walk along it and talk with a wandering philosopher. You can now end the novel with one sentence. "Free! He is waiting for you!" - the master shouts, and over the black abyss, an immense city with a garden lights up, to which the lunar road stretches, on which we see the procurator. He is neither in Hell nor in Heaven. He is in the middle. In thought.
And in Moscow, after Woland left her, the investigation into the case of a criminal gang continues for a long time, but the measures taken to capture her do not give results. Experienced psychiatrists come to the conclusion that the members of the gang were hypnotists of unprecedented power. Several years pass, the events of those May days begin to be forgotten, and only Professor Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev, former poet Homeless, every year, as soon as the spring festive full moon comes, he appears on Patriarch's Ponds and sits on the same bench where he first met Woland, and then, walking along the Arbat, he returns home and sees the same dream in which Margarita, and the Master, and Yeshua come to him
And the essence of his drama, to which he is doomed, is precisely in the conflict between the natural, human that is still preserved in him, and the hypostasis of politics. Once Pilate was a warrior, he knew how to appreciate courage and he did not know fear. But he served a high position and was reborn.
The procurator was not afraid for his life - nothing threatened her - but for his career, when he had to decide whether to risk his position or send to death a person who managed to subdue him with his mind, amazing strength his word, the crime of which, by its very nature, does not deserve such cruel punishment. True, this is not only the fault of the procurator, but also his misfortune. Cowardice - here it is, the main trouble of Pontius Pilate. But is it really in the past fearless on the battlefield horseman Zolotoe the spear is really a coward? “Cowardice is undoubtedly one of the most terrible vices”- Pontius Pilate hears the words of Yeshua in a dream. “No, philosopher, I object to you: this is the most terrible vice!" - the author of the book intervenes unexpectedly and speaks in his full voice.
Dialogue between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua ha Nozri
I, hegemon, never in my life was going to destroy the building of the temple and did not incite anyone to this senseless action.
-A bunch of different people flocks to this city for the holiday - Pilate said monotonously. You, for example, are a liar. It is written clearly: he incited to destroy the temple. This is what people testify.
-These good people- the arrested man spoke - they didn’t learn anything and everyone mixed up what I said. In general, I am beginning to fear that this confusion will continue for a very long time. And all because of the fact that Matthew Levi writes incorrectly for me. I once looked into his parchment with these notes and was horrified. Absolutely nothing of what is written there, I did not say.
That morning the procurator had an unbearable headache. And looking at the prisoner with dull eyes, he painfully remembered why he was here, and what other questions he should ask him. After some thought, he said:
- But what did you say about the temple in the crowd at the bazaar? the sick procurator asked in a hoarse voice and closed his eyes.
Every word of the arrested man caused Pontius Pilate terrible pain and pricked his temple. But, the arrested, nevertheless, was forced to answer: - I, hegemon, said that the temple of the old faith would collapse and a new temple of the true one would be created. I said it in a way that was more understandable.
- Why did you tramp embarrass the people, talking about the truth, about which you have no idea? What is truth? What is it in? - P. Pilate shouted in a dull outburst of rage, caused not so much by the words of the arrested person, but by the unbearable pain splitting his head. At the same time, he again imagined a bowl of black liquid. "Poison me poison ...". It was pounding in his temples, causing unbearable pain.
Overcoming this vision and this hellish pain, he forced himself to hear again the voice of the prisoner, who said: - The truth, first of all, is that you have an unbearable headache. And it hurts so badly that you cowardly contemplate suicide. Not only are you unable to speak to me, but it is difficult for you to even look at me. But now your suffering is over. Well, that's all over, and I'm incredibly happy about it, - looking benevolently at P. Pilate, concluded the prisoner.
“But there is another truth, which I spoke about in the crowd at the market,” continued Yeshua. It is that people have chosen a disastrous path of development. People wanted to be independent, instead of being interconnected as a whole with each other, with the surrounding nature and God. Separated from a single whole, harmoniously connecting people with nature and God, they dream and try to find meaning and harmony each in their world, as well as in the aggregate of all their individual worlds that make up the state. All these worlds are very much limited by the imperfection of human perception and are far from the truth of a single integral divine world. Each such little world is painted with a whole range of individual feelings and emotions, such as fear, envy, anger, resentment, self-centeredness, lust for power, etc.
