Reason and passions are two opposites that do not exist without each other, because one can give rise to the other. In some cases that require a reasonable decision, you need to drown out your emotions and passions, that is, feelings that interfere with the adoption of such a decision and lead to a reckless choice that is not suitable in a given situation. There are many examples in Russian literature that illustrate this idea. In them literary heroes you have to master your feelings and make right choice so that actions are based only on a reasonable decision, and would not be generated by passions that blind the mind. So in the epic novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", in the episode telling about the farewell to Prince Andrei to the war, readers see the old Count Bolkonsky, who, it would seem, is stingy with words, cold; the farewell of the son and father is restrained, but the reader in every movement, the word of the count feels big love to his son, but he only sees how old Bolkonsky, turning away from everyone, wipes away a tear. In this episode, the author showed how Count Nikolai Andreevich overcomes his feelings when saying goodbye to his son, so as not to show his weakness, because of which he could change his son's mood for further service. The old count conquered his feelings and acted wisely, which, undoubtedly, was the right decision. The second example of the victory of reason over passions can be seen in the work of V. G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matyora". In the life of the characters of grandmother Nastasya and grandfather Yegor, there comes a moment when you have to choose between moving to the city and staying in your native land, Matyora. They choose to move. Their feelings did not allow them to leave Matera, the place where their whole life has passed, where they have "grown their roots". The mind said that one way or another, this motherland hides under water, disappears as if it never existed, and they will disappear with it. By choosing to move, they suppressed that strong feeling, stopping them, thereby doing as the mind tells. Another a prime example manifestations of the highest ability of the mind, we see in M. I. Sholokhov in the novel " Quiet Don"on the pages telling about when Grigory Melekhov saves Stepan Astakhov in battle, despite their enmity. Grigory understands that he and Stepan are on the same side of the opposing forces and the battle is not the time to clarify their personal relationship. Thus, saving Stepan Gregory - his victory over his passions, which means the acquisition of reason. Reason - a victory over feelings, which is the highest ability to realize one's behavior, solve a problem without the intervention of unnecessary passions.
N.V. Gogol wrote: “Mind is incomparably supreme ability but it is acquired only by victory over the passions. From this statement it is clear that reason is the moral strength of a person, which helps him avoid mistakes. But reason is acquired only when we gain victory over our passions. Passions prevent a person from thinking, blind him, lead to false steps in life. Only by conquering our passions can we acquire reason.
If you do not defeat your feelings in time, you can come to sad consequences. And when we triumph over any passion, reason and will begin to triumph in us, and we avoid moral errors.
Let's bring literary argument. The hero of the historical novel by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" Andriy fell passionately in love with a beautiful Polish woman and for the sake of her forgot about everything. Andriy renounces his mother, father, brother, Zaporizhzhya partnership, from the homeland of Ukraine. In order to be close to his beloved, Andriy becomes a traitor, goes over to the side of the enemies. Blinded by passion, wanting to earn the love of the Polish beauty, Andriy does not notice anything around, does not think about anything, cuts his comrades left and right in battle.
Only when he sees a formidable father in front of him, pale Andriy obediently, like a child, dismounts from his horse, dutifully waiting for the inevitable retribution for his betrayal. But even then, before death, his lips whisper the name of a beautiful Polish woman. Gogol writes with regret that a Cossack, who could have become an ornament and flower of the entire Zaporozhye Cossacks, died ingloriously, as a traitor.
Let's bring literary example where the hero, on the contrary, triumphs over his passions. In L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Pierre Bezukhov, having learned from anonymous letters about the impermissible relationship of his wife Helen with Dolokhov, whom he did good and brought into his house, experiences destructive feelings of enmity and hatred towards his offenders. At an evening in honor of Prince Bagration, Dolokhov behaves impudently, cheekily, defiantly, provocatively and achieves that Pierre, overwhelmed by passions, challenges his opponent to a duel. But after the duel, in which Bezukhov wounded Dolokhov in the arm. Overcoming his passions, Pierre realizes that he has done evil, that he almost killed a man. he tries to build his life on reasonable grounds, doing good deeds.
We proved that if a person acquires reason as the highest ability to think, evaluate his actions, then he improves himself. When someone cannot overcome his weaknesses, then he makes mistakes, which can sometimes lead to sad consequences.
Updated: 2017-09-24
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Reason does not oppress anyone's heart. He never praises or curses out of covetousness.
Faith inquires, reason discovers.
Reason is the gaze of the soul, by which it itself, without the mediation of the body, contemplates the true.
My mind allowed me to understand the impotence of the mind.
Reason is given to man so that he lives rationally, and not just so that he sees that he lives unreasonably.
Reason and feeling are two forces that equally need each other, they are dead and insignificant, one without the other.
The human mind is limited, but the human mind, that is, the mind of mankind, is unlimited.
Reason is a complex instinct that has not yet had time to form.
The victory of reason can only be a victory of the reasonable.
The human mind must be given not wings, but rather lead and gravity, so that they restrain its every jump and flight.
Our mind is perceptive rather than consistent, and embraces more than it can comprehend.
The mind cannot comprehend the needs of the heart.
The most equitable distribution of reason - no one complains that he was cheated.
The triumph of reason is to live in peace with those who have no reason.
The Persian king drives the sea through the ranks, understanding just as little the absurdity of the act as his enemies the Athenians, who wanted to treat mind and consciousness with hemlock.
Where stupidity is a model, there reason is madness.
Reason is an incomparably higher ability, but it is acquired only by victory over the passions.
The sleep of reason breeds monsters.
mind, not organized by idea, is not yet the force that enters life creatively.
The human mind has three keys that open everything: a number, a letter, a note. Know, think, dream. Everything is in this.
The mind is a burning glass that, when ignited, remains cold itself.
A living person, devoid of reason, is more terrible than a dead one.
With all my heart, with all my will, I would like to raise my mind to the very high peak and bow to him.
Genuine reason is always moral, always based on genuine human sensibility.
The greatest shortcoming of human beings is the inability to renounce the rational inventory. But the mind is not capable of considering a person as energy. The mind deals with the tools that create energy. However, he never seriously considers that we are more than tools. We are energy producing organisms. We are bubbles of energy.
What praises are given to prudence! However, it is not able to save us even from the most insignificant vicissitudes of fate.
Everyone complains about their memory, but no one complains about their mind.
Reason, no doubt, belongs exclusively to man; mind means famous beginnings judgments in which the first active causes of the universe are, as it were, imprinted, and which thus agree with all our conclusions with phenomena in nature, where contradictions cannot exist.
Our mind makes its way through a narrow path between the abysses that beckon and call him.
When the heart beats, the mind falls silent.
Prudence enlightens, passion blinds.
Whenever prudence says, "Don't do this, it will be misunderstood," I always go against it.
The last conclusion of the mind is the recognition that there are an infinite number of things that surpass it. He is weak if he does not come to admit it. Where necessary - one should doubt, where necessary - speak with confidence, where necessary - admit one's powerlessness. Those who do not do this do not understand the power of the mind.
The dictates of the mind are much more powerful than the orders of any master: disobedience to the latter makes a person unhappy, disobedience to the former makes a fool.
Nothing contributes so much to the triumph of reason as the calmness of those who serve it.
Reason is the ability to generalize and exchange generalizations.
A man's mind is stronger than his fists.
In an unreasonable age, the mind, set free, is destructive for its owner.
If you want to subordinate everything to yourself, then subordinate yourself to reason.
Reasonable and moral always coincide.
Each creature has organs that indicate its place in the world. For man, this organ is the mind.
If your mind does not show you your place in the world and your destination, then know that it is not the bad structure of the world, not your mind, that is to blame for this, but the false direction that you gave it.
An intelligent fool is better than a foolish sage.
A reasonable person adapts to the world, an unreasonable person adapts the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends only on unreasonable people.
Reason acquires value only when it serves love.
The will of fate is such that rationality is inherent in all creatures.
Reason and passions are two opposites that do not exist without each other, because one can give rise to the other. In some cases that require a reasonable decision, you need to drown out your emotions and passions, that is, feelings that interfere with the adoption of such a decision and lead to a reckless choice that is not suitable in a given situation.
There are many examples in Russian literature that illustrate this idea. In them, literary heroes have to master their feelings and make the right choice so that actions are based only on a reasonable decision, and would not be generated by passions that blind the mind.
So in the epic novel by L.
N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, in the episode telling about the farewell of Prince Andrei to the war, readers see the old Count Bolkonsky, who, it would seem, is stingy with words, cold; the farewell of the son and father is restrained, but the reader in every movement, the word of the count feels great love for his son, and sees only how the old Bolkonsky, turning away from everyone, wipes away a tear.
with his son, so as not to show his weakness, because of which he could change his son's mood for further service. The old count conquered his feelings and acted wisely, which, undoubtedly, was the right decision.
The second example of the victory of reason over passions can be seen in the work of V. G. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”. In the life of the characters of grandmother Nastasya and grandfather Yegor, there comes a moment when you have to choose between moving to the city and staying in your native land, Matera. They choose to move.
Their feelings did not allow them to leave Matera, the place where their whole life has passed, where they have “grown their roots”. The mind said that one way or another, this native land will hide under water, disappear, as if it had never existed, and they would disappear with it. By choosing to move, they suppressed that strong feeling that stopped them, thereby doing as their mind dictates.
We see another vivid example of the manifestation of the highest ability of the mind in M. I. Sholokhov in the novel “Quiet Flows the Don” on the pages that tell about when Grigory Melekhov saves Stepan Astakhov in battle, despite their enmity. Grigory understands that he and Stepan are on the same side of the opposing forces and the battle is not the time to clarify their personal relationship. Thus, the salvation of Stepan by Gregory is his victory over his passions, which means the acquisition of reason.
Reason is a victory over feelings, which is the highest ability to realize one's behavior, solve a problem without the interference of unnecessary passions and emotions.
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- Feelings or mind? The question is as old as the world. Confrontation without end and beginning. Although if you go further, it turns out that the feelings were much earlier. ancient man...
- The clash of reason and feeling is a problem of all generations. Nature made it so inner world man, that the struggle between them is inevitable. Writers and artists often in their...
Chapter 265
N.V. Gogol speaks of three states of mind (Selected passages from correspondence with friends, "A Christian goes forward" in a letter to Shch ... ... vu, M., "Russian Book", 1992, "Spiritual Prose") mind, reason and wisdom.
“Mind is not the highest ability in us. His position is no more than a police one: he can only put in order and put in place everything that we already have. He himself does not move forward until all other abilities move in us, from which he becomes wiser ... He is incomparably more dependent on mental states: as soon as passion rages, he suddenly acts blindly and stupidly; If the soul is calm and no passion boils, he himself clears up and acts wisely. Reason is an incomparably higher ability, but it is acquired in no other way than by victory over the passions. Only those people who did not neglect their inner education had it in themselves. But the mind does not give a person the full opportunity to strive forward. There is still a higher ability; its name is wisdom, and Christ alone can give it to us. It is not given to any of us at birth, none of us is natural, but is the work of the highest heavenly grace. One who already has both a mind and a mind can receive wisdom in no other way than by praying for it day and night, asking God for it day and night, elevating his soul to dove-like innocence and cleaning everything inside himself to the greatest possible purity, so that to accept this heavenly guest who is afraid of dwellings where the mental economy has not come into order and there is no complete agreement in everything. If she enters the house, then heavenly life begins for a person, and he comprehends all the wonderful sweetness of being a disciple. Everything becomes a teacher for him; the whole world is his teacher; the least of men can be his teacher. From the simplest advice he will draw the wisdom of advice; the most stupid object will become its wise side towards him, and the whole universe will stand before him, like one open book of learning.
It was possible for Gogol to divide the instrument of the human ability to think the mind into three of its states quite accurately. I agreed with Gogol in 1996 almost completely, and now (2016-08-13) I will add that my, albeit partial, but still agreement was due to the state of my consciousness at that time (the level of Faith). Now I will add something that Gogol lacks and that makes significant adjustments to the understanding of the role of the mind in cultivating a person in a person. I will add to the mind, reason and wisdom with which Gogol operates, another CONSCIOUSNESS, which, in principle, exists separately from the mind, and its role is so great that not knowing about its existence is like not knowing about the elephant in your china shop (in the Soul ), which is able both to break all the dishes, which often happens if CONSCIOUSNESS is a negative sign, and to put all of it in its place with a sensitive tip of the trunk, which can be if CONSCIOUSNESS positive sign. Since there is no knowledge of consciousness, Gogol has to ascribe to the Mind all the functions of CONSCIOUSNESS. In 1996, I also did not have a clear separation of mind and CONSCIOUSNESS, just as there was no clear division of the ability to feel into feelings and passions. All these divisions do not exist at the level of the Faith. It is due to the absence of clear dividing lines that the Higher Ones have been and are misleading even the most intelligent people.
I repeat that it is absolutely necessary to separate, firstly, feeling from passion: up to 50% of the development of feelings are just feelings, completely controlled, after 50% - these are passions, not controlled. Than managed or not managed? The mind has the ability to fight and fights with feeling, because there is a requirement of all institutions, including higher ones, to fight. The mind struggles with varying degrees of success until the moment when the feelings reach a value of 50 in their development, passing into what is called passions. People also struggle with passions, since the demand to fight is not removed from above, but here the struggle, if on the whole, becomes only an appearance of struggle, since passion is clearly stronger than that the earlier the feeling was (partially) controlled, that is, stronger than the mind, which, on the verge of the transition of feeling into passion, develops into reason and, accordingly, is born at the transitional line of CONSCIOUSNESS of a given level (negative value).
I also divide CONSCIOUSNESS into three states. CONSCIOUSNESS, born of the mind, is consciousness of the first order. CONSCIOUSNESS, born of the mind, is consciousness of the second order. The CONSCIOUSNESS born of wisdom is the consciousness of the third order. True strength in CONSCIOUSNESS, and not in the instruments of its birth - the mind, reason or wisdom. CONSCIOUSNESS - an elephant that is born by a developed mind, one might say, on its own (mind) head, since Consciousness is not dependent on feelings (mind, unlike CONSCIOUSNESS, is not just dependent, but acts in the interests of feelings, mainly, although, on the other side, fights them).
The mind is like a clerk in a china shop that belongs to the senses (the owner). The tools for the birth of CONSCIOUSNESS have their own power (the orderer has a certain independence), but this is the power given to the tools to fight (from the background) with feeling. A person has no CONSCIOUSNESS at the very beginning in the Soul, except for (abstract) consciousness from base 0: it is born by a mind that can give birth when it becomes an adult. A baby elephant in a china shop is born, I repeat, when the clerk gains a certain strength. Then (after birth) the baby elephant grows quite quickly, because his nature is so (elephant). The power of CONSCIOUSNESS becomes noticeable only at the level of reason, and then only partially, its power is better noticed at the level of wisdom. In the state of wisdom, CONSCIOUSNESS has the power to subdue feelings and passions so that they, like sleepy snakes, have almost no effect on human behavior. In the film “The Hot Sun of the Desert”, the old people on the mound are blown off their hats by the shock wave of the explosion: they were blown away - they continue to sit quietly in their place. Such is the power of the wise CONSCIOUSNESS that neither feelings nor passions have the opportunity to jump up from their place.
Almost exactly, Gogol says that at the first stage of the relationship between the mind and the feeling, the mind has only the function of a policeman: it monitors the feelings, sometimes prompting them that, for example, it is not good to do this: you can dream, but it is undesirable to do. Gogol also correctly says that the decision to act depends on the mind, but a person does not act as the mind decided, but as the feelings need, since the owner china shop he can listen to the clerk, but only listen. This state of the relationship between the mind and feelings corresponds to the pagan level of development, when it was necessary to teach a person to feel and feelings, respectively, the will was given to prevail over the mind (only the sub-plane of the mind worked, Figure 51, 2-3). At the second stage in the development of the mind-reason and feelings relationship, Gogol speaks of victory over passions, while noting that only a few have managed to achieve victory over passions. To clarify, at the second stage, a certain semblance of victory is only observed, since the CONSCIOUSNESS of a person at the level of the mind increases its Power by the constant struggle of the mind with feelings and, thanks to this Power, gets the opportunity to restrain feelings. However, containment is not victory. Planes on aircraft carriers are also held back so that the engine accelerates properly and the plane immediately soars into the sky almost from a standstill. I will cite as an example again the same Father Sergius in Leo Tolstoy, who restrained himself for a year in monasticism, and then attacked bare chest with fury. Tolstoy, with regard to the passions in man, understood this somewhat deeper than Gogol.
How Gogol and Tolstoy communicated with God, we do not know, because they themselves do not tell anything about it. Apparently, they had a minimum of specific communications. God communicates with people in such a way that usually no one can say anything about this communication. I tell everything because the Higher Consciousness that guides me is not God, who led Gogol and Tolstoy. And the God of Gogol and Tolstoy is old master of being, this world that created and contained people in it in the same way as an old conjurer keeps the audience, who does not spread about his secrets. Therefore, it can be said that, out of all these squabbles between the mind and feelings, it is quite natural for Gogol to enter the arena of the state of the Mind, called reason, when a person can only pray to the Lord to give him wisdom. God, meaning the old Master of being, indeed, according to Gogol, can give a person such a state of mind (WISDOM), when feelings or passions will not be masters of a person’s actions. And when God gives this state, a person can, observing himself, think how good it is that passions no longer own him, but - all this will be in him from God, and not born by him. In the first book, I describe this state of mine, when I didn’t want anything at all in the south and I was delighted with this state, because all this was accompanied by euphoria.
Artificially, God can mold anything out of a person. But then it will not be a person, but a biorobot. So far, all people are in the state of biorobots, because in the old limits of being under the old Master, no one, even such smart and reasonable people as Gogol and Tolstoy, were able to make a person out of themselves. Such a state of Soul is artificially communicated to Alexander I that he leaves his reign and sets off on a journey as a wandering monk. Who else could do this? This is an exception to the rule that proves the rule. Leo Tolstoy, also not without the help of God, through simplification, refused county privileges. Theoretically, everything was so right with Tolstoy that even the Tolstoyan movement appeared. However, later this word began to be ironically called the image of a certain rapprochement of the upper class with common people. Let me remind you that Tolstoy, in accordance with the theory of simplification or heeding the voice from above, opposed the publication of his old works, but did not refuse them. Gogol in general completely abandoned all his works: he was ashamed of them when he saw this "trifle" on the shelves of his friends. He stopped writing, but he needed to do something. And he began to write the second volume " dead souls”, believing that with his new spiritual vision for life, he will get something exactly what God requires from a person. However, he did not succeed. I understand why, but he did not understand and continued to grind out what his consciousness had not yet reached. I repeat, he did not succeed because there was no knowledge in his mind about the separation between feelings and passions and between the mind and CONSCIOUSNESS, which ultimately leads to a prayerful appeal to God, that is, to the rejection of self-birth.
The reason for Gogol's failure in his work on the second volume of Dead Souls (after the turning point) is the confusion of two genres, or, in other words, the confusion of two levels of understanding of reality. You can’t write a work of art, what were “ Dead Souls”, by means of spiritual prose. "Confession" Leo Tolstoy writes in a completely different language, like Gogol - his "Spiritual Prose". I have my spiritual books, starting with My Way to God, this is an exploration of myself, not some fictional hero. No matter how good Oscar Wilde's "The Picture of Dorian Gray" was, it is a work of art, since the author of his observations on human personality collects in a fictional character that can be sculpted as the author wants: to add something for the red word. “Little Tsakhes” by Hoffmann seems to be a cast from the nature of German society of that time, but the author resorts to the method of increasing one and decreasing the other, which in work of art allowed and welcomed, for a number of reasons (one of which is not to be imprisoned). Even cooler is the hypertrophy in Swift's work in Gulliver's Travels, where a person enters the country of the Lilliputians and looks like a giant there.
Spiritual prose (for a writer) or a diary (for a person) are frank thoughts about everything around a person, in the light of researching oneself, who you are, why you are, why you are. Within the old world, this research, due to the incomplete knowledge of the technology of human birth, thus becomes a mockery of this birth. In Tolstoyanism with its simplification, everything seems to be fine (theoretically), but this is only a part of the path, which becomes a mockery of the path itself and the person who took up the tug, not knowing that this tug is stretching in a system of blocks. reverse side. Tolstoy pulled and pulled for a very long time (1828-1910) - and pulled out the devil knows what. Gogol (1809-1852) dies at the age of forty, when, according to our technology, a person must enter the period of comprehension of the lessons. He began his period of reflection in 1840, when he was thirty-one years old: as if he was rapidly going through what Tolstoy, on the contrary, would drag on for a long time. Comprehended (1840-52) twelve years, almost as long as it takes technology (Figure 36) to comprehend the lessons: it takes seven years plus seven for the maturity of the mind.
A quote from the Preface to the edition of Gogol's "Spiritual Prose", which came to me from Misha A. (p. 4), "Russian Book" 1992:
In the summer of 1840, he experienced an illness, but rather not of the body, but of the soul. Experiencing severe bouts of "nervous breakdown" and "painful melancholy" and not hoping for recovery, he even wrote a spiritual testament. According to S.T. Aksakov, Gogol had “visions” about which he told N.P. Botkin (brother of critic V.P. Botkin). Then followed the "resurrection", "miraculous healing", and Gogol believed that his life "is necessary and will not be useless." A new path opened up for him. “From here,” writes S.T. Aksakov, - Gogol's constant striving for self-improvement begins. spiritual man and the predominance of the religious direction, which later reached, in my opinion, such a high mood, which is no longer compatible with the bodily shell of a person.
Incompatibility with the body shell is an accurate diagnosis of the state of the Soul, which has broken away from the earth with its consciousness, and the body still lives with its physical consciousness, oriented towards earthly life, tearing the Soul between heaven and earth.
Gogol began to write spiritual prose when he already had the name of a luminary in literary world. “Sending the first notebook of the manuscript to Pletnev in St. Petersburg at the end of July 1846, Gogol demanded: “All your affairs aside, and start printing this book called “Selected passages from correspondence with friends.” Gogol is so confident of success that he advises Pletnev to stockpile paper for the second edition. It is quite obvious to him that only this work of his makes sense and is head and shoulders above all his previous compositions. Something similar happened to me when I published my first spiritual book. It seemed that not only I suddenly began to understand everything spiritually, but people, reading, will immediately understand that the meaning of life can only be in the spiritual path and everyone will unanimously accept this spiritual path realize.
However, not universal recognition waited for Gogol after the publication of this book. Arrows of criticism flew at him from all sides. Gogol, who soared to the pinnacle of success with his " Dead souls” and “The Inspector General”, is no longer able to calmly relate to criticism, which clearly does not understand what he is talking about in his new work. Gogol is very painfully experiencing criticism. The higher the peak taken, the more painful it is for the Soul of a person from the arrows of criticism.
“P.A. Vyazemsky, not without wit, wrote to S.P. Shevyrev in March 1847: "... our critics look at Gogol as a master would look at a serf who in his house took the place of a storyteller and amusement and suddenly ran away from home and took the veil as a monk."
“In the disputes, the main trend quickly emerged - the rejection of the book. It was unconditionally condemned not only by Westerners (Herzen, Granovsky, Botkin, Annenkov), but also those close to Gogol - for example, the Aksakovs. The apotheosis was an article by Belinsky from Salzbrunn, in which the critic claimed that Gogol betrayed his talent and beliefs that the book was written with the aim of becoming a tutor to the son of the heir to the throne; in the language of the book, he saw the fall of talent and unequivocally alluded to Gogol's madness.
And so this period of Gogol's life and work remained for posterity the period of the "gone roof" of the brilliant satirist. During Gogol's lifetime, the belief spread that Gogol had gone mad, and it persisted until last days writer's life. I.S. Turgenev, who visited Gogol with Shchepkin in October 1851, recalled that they “went to him as if they were extraordinary, brilliant man, who had something in his head ... All of Moscow was of such an opinion. “Once again, the words of the Apostle Paul were confirmed:“ Soul man does not accept what is from the Spirit of God, because he considers it foolishness; and cannot understand, because this must be judged spiritually” (1 Cor. 2:14).
It was much easier for me in this respect, because I had almost no fame and none of the authorities of this world knew me. Only one of the familiar writers said that my roof went crazy, and immediately added that I am now like Nostradamus or what? Others, except for Chert's guide Aleksey M., thought the same, but did not speak directly. A century and a half has passed since the time of Gogol, and besides, the nineties were a spiritual boom in Russia. Many of the roof went and who in which direction it went, no one could say. Only the old earthly masters of the world knew for sure that it is bad when the roof goes, and it is better not to accept such writers who have a roof, just in case, in the Union. And it’s good that they didn’t accept me, because they would immediately begin to build an author who, in their opinion, is not entirely reasonable, as everyone who is not lazy built Gogol. As a result, Gogol wrote to Aksakov S.T. in 1847 on this subject: "Yes, the book defeated me, but it was the will of God."
Gogol admits defeat from the height of his physical consciousness, which turned out to be too exalted to diminish. If, say, he had the wisdom to understand that the reaction of the world to his book is a regularity, then he would not consider the rejection of the book a defeat. If he had the wisdom, as he himself said above, to accept everything that happens as learning, then he would consider rejection just another lesson.
