The most familiar gesture of greeting for us is a handshake. But even in this there are differences: in Russia, for example, it is supposed to greet the first man, and extend the hand to the woman (if she deems it necessary), and in England - the reverse order. But in any case, He takes off the glove from the hand, and She doesn’t have to (but in this case, you shouldn’t realize the intention to kiss the lady’s hand instead of shaking hands).
IN Tajik family the owner of the house, receiving the guest, shakes the hand extended to him with his two as a sign of respect.
IN Saudi Arabia in such cases, after shaking hands, the host head puts his left hand on the guest's right shoulder and kisses him on both cheeks.
Iranians, shaking each other's hands, then press their own right hand to their hearts.
In the Congo, as a sign of greeting, people who meet stretch out both hands towards each other and at the same time blow on them.
Peculiar handshakes are common among the African Maasai: before giving a hand, they spit on it.
And the Kenyan Akamba don't bother to hold out their hands: they just spit at each other as a sign of greeting.
The widespread handshake, which initially demonstrated that there were no weapons in the hands of those who met, in the traditions different cultures there is an alternative.
For example, Hindus fold their hands in "anjali": they press their palms to each other in a position with their fingers up, so that their tips rise to the level of the eyebrows. Hugs at a meeting with them are allowed after a long separation and look special in men and women. The representatives of the stronger sex hug each other tightly, patting each other on the back; representatives of the beautiful - holding each other by the forearms, are applied once by cheeks - to the right and left.
The Japanese prefer bows to handshakes, which are the lower and longer they are performed, the more important the person to whom they are addressed.
Saikerei is the lowest, but there is also a medium one when inclined at an angle of 30 degrees and an easy one - only 15 degrees of declination.
Koreans also bowed at a meeting since ancient times.
The Chinese, who are also traditionally more comfortable with bows, nevertheless quite easily switch to greeting through handshakes, and when a group of inhabitants of the Celestial Empire meets a new face, they can applaud - this is supposed to be answered in the same way. And the primordial tradition here was shaking hands ... with oneself.
By the way, in Rus' it was also customary to bow, but during the period of building socialism, this was recognized as a relic of the past.
In the Middle East, a bow with a lowered head, with hands lowered and pressed to the body, when the palm of the right covers the left hand, is a sign of respectful greeting.
And how beautiful the greeting ritual is in some North African states! There they bring the right hand first to the forehead, then to the lips and after that to the chest. Translated from sign language, this means: I think about you, I talk about you, I respect you.
In Zambezi - clap your hands, crouching.
In Thailand, joined palms are applied to the head or chest, and the higher the status of the welcomed person, the higher. This gesture is accompanied by the exclamation "wai".
Tibetans generally do the unbelievable: they take pictures right hand a hat from the head, and the left one is laid behind the ear and at the same time sticks out the tongue. - This proves the absence of bad intentions from the greeting.
The natives of New Zealand also stick out their tongues and also bulge their eyes, but before that they clap their hands on their thighs, stomp their feet and bend their knees. Only “one’s own” can understand this, so the ritual is designed, first of all, to recognize a stranger.
Even more exotic (of course, only in our opinion) are the male Eskimos: they hit each other with their fists on the head and back. Not much, of course, but it is difficult for the uninitiated to understand... However, they can rub their noses, just like the inhabitants of Lapland.
Polynesians also greet each other “gentlely affectionately”: sniffing, rubbing their noses and stroking each other on the back.
In Caribbean Belize, the local population also preserves the originality of the welcoming tradition: there it is supposed to attach to the chest clenched fists. Who would have thought that this is a gesture of peacefulness? Fists also participate in the greeting on Easter Island: they are pulled out in front of you at chest level, then raised above your head, unclenched and “thrown” your hands down.
A traditional greeting posture in a number of Native American tribes is squatting at the sight of a stranger. She shows the peacefulness of the greeter, and the counter must pay attention to this, otherwise the Indian will be doomed to a long sitting, because he needs to note for himself that he was understood. According to the laws of hospitality of the African Zulus, at the entrance to the house, you must immediately sit down, without waiting for any invitation and without saying hello - the hosts will do this, but only after the person who has entered has taken a sitting posture.
It is curious that in New Guinea this mimic movement is also used, but to greet foreigners. However, not in all tribes.
Thus, it is customary among koiri to greet each other with a tickling touch of the chins.
The Tuareg living in the Sahara greet no less than half an hour, starting to jump, gallop, bow and sometimes take very strange poses at a distance of a hundred meters from the oncoming one. It is believed that in the process of body movements they recognize the intentions of this oncoming person.
In Egypt and Yemen, the salutation gesture is reminiscent of saluting in Russian army, only the Egyptians, putting their palm to their forehead, turn it in the direction of the one they greet.
A Australian aborigines greet each other with a dance.
This language group includes almost everything European languages and some languages of the Middle East.
1. The French "bonjour" in addition to France, Belgium and Switzerland will be understood in countries such as Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, as well as in some African countries: Democratic Republic Congo, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Guinea, Gabon and Mauritania.
2. Spanish "ola": in addition to directly Spain, the language or Castilian, as it is sometimes called, is spoken in the countries of Central and South America except Brazil. It is also the second most spoken language in the United States. It is spoken by more than 34 million Hispanics.
3. Italians greet each other with the word "chao".
4. German is the official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and parts of Italy. In these countries, you can hear the greetings "halo" ("hello") and "guten tag" ("good afternoon").
5. "Namaste" is the Hindi greeting. This language is spoken in northern India and Nepal.
6. "Salam" - this is how the inhabitants of Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, some regions of Uzbekistan and Bahrain greet, where they speak Persian, which is sometimes called Farsi.
7. The Greeks say "yasas" (""), "yasu" ("hello") or simply "I" ("hello").
8. In Yiddish (Hebrew), you can say hello like this: “sholem aleikhem” (literally - “peace be with you”), “gut morgn / tog / ovnt” (“good morning / afternoon / evening”).
9. In the Latvian language (Latvia), the following greetings are accepted: “labden”, “sveiki”, “chow” (informal greeting).
10. In Lithuania, they say “laba dena” in formal settings, “labas” or “sveikas” (addressing a man), “sveika” (addressing a woman) and “sveiki” (addressing a group of people).
11. Ukrainians say "hello" or "break".
12. On Belarusian language you can say “good morning / day / evening”, “good morning / afternoon / evening”.
13. The Danes greet friends with the words "hai" or "haisa". A more official version is "god dag" ("good afternoon").
14. In Romania, you can say hello to a person like this: “buna ziua” or “salute”.
15. In Armenia, it is customary to say “barev” when meeting.
Kartvelian languages
Kartvelian languages - this, common in the Western Caucasus. Most famous representatives this group - Georgian language. Georgians, when greeting someone, pronounce "gamarjoba".
Uralo-Altaic languages
1. In Japan, they say "Ohayo/Konnichiwa/Konbanwa", which means "good morning/afternoon/evening".
2. Both in the North and in South Korea the greeting sounds like this: “anneon-haseeo”.
3. The Mongolians greet like this: “bayna uu”.
4. Almost 7 million out of 10 million live in Kazakhstan. The remaining 3 million settled in Chinese province Xinxiang, Uzbekistan, Russia, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Tajikistan. Kazakhs pronounce "salyametsiz be" when greeting a person. The literal translation of this expression is "how are you?"
5. In Hungarian, the greeting sounds like this: “servus” or “sia”.
6. In Estonia, you can greet a person with the words “tere pevast”, which means “good afternoon”.
7. Finns say “hyva paivaa” (“good afternoon” or “hello”) or simply “my” (“hello”).
8. In Turkey, when greeting a person, they say “merhaba / meraba”, “” (“hello”, “hello”) or “gunnaydin” (“good afternoon”).
Afroasian languages
This language group includes the languages of the peoples North Africa and the Berber languages spoken by those living in the Sahara desert. Representatives Arab world, greeting a person, pronounce "maraba". In different dialects, it may sound like "merhaba" or "meraba". Arabic is spoken in northern Africa and the Middle East. This is the main official language following countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Chad, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Western Sahara, Yemen.
Sino-Tibetan languages
1. "Nee how" - this is how the greeting sounds in Mandarin. It is considered the most widely spoken language in the world due to the number of Chinese. It is spoken by at least 50% of the Chinese population.
2. Cantonese is spoken in South China, Hong Kong and Macau. The greeting "nee how", like "nee how" in Mandarin, means "you are fine."
Austronesian languages
1. In Malay, “good morning / good afternoon /” sounds like “slamat pagi / tengahari / petang”.
2. On the island of Hawaii, tourists are greeted with the word "aloha".
3. Tagalog is spoken in the Philippines. Say "kamusta" to say hello.
Before leaving for an unfamiliar country, it would be nice to find out something about its customs and norms of everyday etiquette. How not to screw up, folding decent and not so gestures from fingers. Now let's deal with greetings in order to reach out in time and not grab for an inappropriate kiss.
Handshake
Where?
Europe, USA, Australia, some countries in Africa, Asia, Arab countries
Habitual for us, shaking a familiar person by the hand at a meeting is one of the most common forms of greeting in the world. Even medieval knights stretched out their hands to each other, as if saying: “my friend, look, there is neither a sword nor an ax in my hand.” And it was a real sign of trust. Among the ancient Greeks, the handshake was an expression of friendliness and hospitality. With such a pleasant meaning, it has survived to this day. But do not rush to pull your hand forward to everyone and everywhere - there are still nuances.
Today, almost all Western Europeans shake hands. The British have slightly distinguished themselves in this matter: they prefer to slightly nod their heads, and only good friends allow their precious hand to be touched. In the UK, it is generally accepted to touch the interlocutor as little as possible.
In the United States, most often they shake hands in a formal setting or when they first meet. Making a round of the office to shake hands with everyone on a normal working day is not accepted here. Just like constantly shaking the hands of all the other people you often see.
And, if you still think that a handshake is an exclusively masculine gesture, then you are deeply mistaken. in the USA and Western Europe women often shake hands with each other and with men (in situations that are conducive to this). So here it is important not to get fooled and not be considered a person who is unenlightened in the topic of gender equality. And here Eastern Europe a little behind in this regard: here the woman herself can extend her hand for a greeting if she wants. Men, on the other hand, most often do not reach out to women first.
As for Asia, handshakes here cannot be called a traditional form of greeting. But, seeing a European, a friendly Japanese is likely to shake his hand in a Western manner.
IN Arab countries men, after shaking hands, usually press their right hand to their hearts, which expresses respect and friendliness. Well, if very close people met, it’s not out of place to hug and even kiss twice. Arab women they don’t shake hands, but forget about kisses and hugs right away.
kisses
Where?
France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, Latin America, Arab countries
Greeting kisses are also completely different: from hot with passionate hugs to continuous imitation with minimal cheek kissing. Most often, well-known people kiss when they meet, so don’t hope (or, conversely, don’t worry) - no one is going to kiss you right off the bat.
If you still have kisses, it is important not to overdo it with their number. So, in Belgium and Italy they exchange two kisses, in Spain - three. In the Netherlands and Sweden they kiss three times, but in Germany social kissing is not accepted. In France, acquaintances (and even unfamiliar ones) release from two to five alleged kisses into the air, touching each other alternately with their cheeks. In general, in France, the number of kisses varies so much depending on the region that there is even a special interactive mapso as not to kiss indefinitely.
In Turkey, when meeting, men who are relatives or friends of each other usually kiss. In Arab countries, greeting kisses of men are also quite commonplace. But kissing with the opposite sex here, as we have already noted above, is an absolute taboo.
Embrace
Where?
Latin America, possible in Spain, Italy
Inhabitants Latin America usually violently express their emotions. This also applies to everyday greetings. So, if you are happy to see you here, in addition to standard handshakes and kisses, expect hot and sincere hugs. Most likely, only those who are seen for the first time will not get hugs (and even that is not a fact).
And yet remember that hugs are a rather intimate thing, it’s better not to be the first to hug in foreign countries. Well, you never know.
Bow
Where?
Japan, China, Korea and other Asian countries, India
In Asian countries, all these ceremonial things are loved, and bowing is still an integral part here. everyday culture. You can bow in different ways, depending on who exactly you are going to bow to.
So, the Japanese, seeing a friend or acquaintance, lean forward quite a bit, by 15 degrees. Deeper bows are usually intended for very respected people. Europeans in Japan usually shake hands, but it's best not to rush into physical contact with the first person. Personal space is a very important thing for the Japanese, and violating it own initiative- not the best idea.
In China, it is not very customary to bow to everyone - this is considered an exceptionally respectful gesture not for every mere mortal. The Chinese bow for everyday greeting is something like a normal nod of the head. Well, the handshake is becoming more and more common here, especially if you need to say hello to a person of European appearance.
You can also be greeted with a slight bow in Korea and Singapore. In India, women usually bow with their closed palms pressed to their chest, but men have already mostly switched to handshakes.
If you get lost and forget everything
We understand that it is difficult to remember the traditions of greeting all countries in the world. Therefore, if you suddenly get confused - just act according to the situation and do not sudden movements. You don't have to be the first one to hug and kiss another person unless you're sure it's appropriate. But a friendly smile and a willingness to lend a hand to a new acquaintance will help you get out of most awkward situations.
Do you know that different nations they greet each other differently when they meet. For example, an ordinary handshake, in addition to that adopted by us, can be found in Central Africa.
Knowledge traditional culture behavior not only makes it possible to communicate normally with representatives of other nationalities, but also teaches respect for other people's customs, no matter how strange and absurd they may seem at first glance.
In Africa, the handshake is most common, but you should not squeeze your friend's hand. The handshake should be looser than is customary in the US and Europe. This conveys special respect for the interlocutor. If a handshake is made with both hands (the left hand supports the right one), it means the absence of aggressive intentions, the disposition towards the interlocutor, emphasizing social closeness with him.
In the Akamba tribe in Kenya, as a sign of deep respect, imagine spitting on the oncoming one. Also spitting greet in the Maasai tribe. True, they spit on their own hands, and then shake hands with another.
A resident of the Gambia will be mortally offended if he is given a left hand instead of his right hand. Such a gesture of greeting is unacceptable.
In the Congo River basin, there is a custom to give each other both hands and, bending down, blow on them. The inhabitants of Easter Island, to say hello, stand absolutely straight, clench their hands into fists, stretch them out in front of them, then raise them up above their heads, open their fists and finally let their hands fall freely.
The people of New Zealand do not need hands at all to greet someone. When greeting, they lightly rub their noses, moving their heads up and down or from side to side.
New Zealand Aboriginal greeting, Maori. Get ready for a little gymnastics. When meeting Maori, they first shout out the words in a fierce and abrupt manner, then slap their thighs with their hands, then stomp their feet with all their might and bend their knees, and finally inflate chest, bulging eyes and sticking out tongues from time to time.
Some Malays, when greeting, put their fingers together and lightly clap each other, first on one and then on the other side of the hands. After that, they put their hands to their lips or forehead.
Among the tribes living on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, the greeting begins with the meeting clapping each other on the stomach, then clapping their hands and shaking hands.
The Egyptians and Yemenis greet each other with the same gesture, reminiscent of the salute of the Soviet military, with the only difference being that in the Arabic gesture, the palm is applied to the forehead and turns to the one who is being greeted.
The Chinese in the old days, when meeting another, shook hands with himself, in modern times he makes a slight bow or nod of his head, or shakes hands if he greets a foreigner (according to the Western model).
In Japan, when meeting, a verbal greeting is accompanied by a ceremonial bow, the depth of which depends on the age and position of both parties. Three types of bows are used - saikerei (the lowest), medium bow - with an angle of thirty degrees and light - with an angle of fifteen. The most respected and wealthy people are greeted with the lowest bow.
Ainu ( ancient population Japanese islands) at a meeting, they fold their hands, raise them to their forehead, turn their palms up and slap themselves - men on their beards, and women on upper lip and then shake hands.
The famous phrase "Memento more", it turns out, was also a greeting: this is how members of the Trappist order greeted in the Middle Ages. The monks reminded each other that a person must live with dignity in order to avoid punishment for sins in the next world.
In Korea, the greeting is often accompanied by a ceremonial bow. The depth of the bow is determined by the social and age status of the person greeting and being greeted. Now the handshake is becoming more common (especially in the North). Moreover, the elder gives his hand first, the man - to the woman.
Iranians shake hands at a meeting, then put their right hand to their hearts (moreover, the youngest or lower standing on the social ladder, if he was not greeted with a handshake, only puts his hand to his heart) - a sign of greeting and deep respect.
In the Middle East, respect and deep respect for a high-ranking person is expressed as follows: the palm of the right hand covers the left hand, both hands are lowered and pressed to the body, which is slightly tilted forward, the head is lowered.
In some Indian tribes, it is customary to squat at the sight of a stranger until the stranger approaches and notices you.
In most Latin American countries, in addition to shaking hands at a meeting, one can observe a stormy expression of joy, hugs, especially among acquaintances. Women exchange kisses on the cheeks, but at the first meeting - only a handshake.
Latinos embrace.
Greetings from the inhabitants of Easter Island: stand straight, clench your hands into fists, stretch them out in front of you, raise them above your head, open your fists and let your hands fall quietly.
Residents of Tibet, when meeting, take off their headdress with their right hand, put their left hand behind their ear and stick out their tongue.
Representatives of the New Guinean Koiri tribe tickle each other with their chins when they meet.
In Samoa, you will be misunderstood if you do not sniff your friend when you meet.
The Eskimos, as a sign of greeting, strike a familiar fist on the head and shoulders.
In France, when meeting and parting in an informal setting, it is customary to kiss, touching each other's cheeks in turn and sending one to five kisses into the air.
Samoans sniff each other.
A resident of the Andaman Islands sits on the knees of another, hugs his neck and cries.
In Singapore, the greeting can be in the Western manner - a handshake, and typical for China - a slight bow. In Thailand, it is not customary to shake hands when meeting: the hands are folded in a “house” in front of the chest, and the person bows slightly. But in the Philippines, shaking hands is traditional. The handshake is typical among men and in Malaysia; but when greeting a woman, especially an elderly one, they make a slight bow.
In Saudi Arabia, if a guest is invited home, then after shaking hands, the host puts the guest's left hand on the right shoulder and kisses on both cheeks. If the owner’s wife is at home at this moment, then you will be introduced to her, you need to be friendly with her, but restrainedly, it is not customary to shake hands with a woman.
In Australia, the handshake is quite energetic.
In India, when greeting and parting, men often shake hands. Women do not shake hands. When greeting a Hindu woman, you should bow slightly with your hands clasped in front of your chest in a “house”. The traditional gesture of greeting in India is the exchange of bows and the folding of the hands with the palms up on the chest.
It is customary for Europeans to shake hands when greeting (today it is also a sign of respect), but even here there are some nuances. The British, unlike Russians, very rarely give each other a hand when they meet (they limit themselves to a slight nod of their heads forward) and almost never do this when they say goodbye. Hugging is generally not accepted in England. English police officers do not welcome people who turn to them for information or help.
In Spain, a greeting other than the traditional handshake typical of business meetings, often accompanied by hugs and a loud expression of joy (from friends and good acquaintances); women kiss each other on the cheek. Italians love to shake hands and gesticulate. The French greet each other with a light handshake or a kiss.
In the US, the handshake is more common on formal occasions than on Everyday life, and is also used as a greeting when meeting. Usually, a handshake is not observed between people who see each other often or know each other on business. Women shake hands if they meet for the first time, and one of the interlocutors is an honored guest. If a man meets a woman, they may or may not shake hands, but the woman extends her hand first. Sometimes there is an awkward pause due to the fact that people of the opposite sex do not know whether they should shake hands.
If two Americans meet who know each other, then they have such a moment of greeting as a “flash of eyebrows”; this movement is, as it were, a signal to approach each other, and not just to look and pass by. Usually the greeting starts at a distance of about 12 feet (but may be more in deserted places). Typical behavior of an American at a distance: he waves, turns, greets, and the greeters go towards each other, then extend their hands for a handshake (if they are friends or acquaintances), some men and women kiss, close acquaintances or relatives who have not seen each other for a long time hugging. An American can smile to a stranger who accidentally met his gaze, wink at an acquaintance (in the cities and towns of the South and West, where people are more connected to each other), nod your head (in rural areas). IN American culture a kiss as a sign of greeting is accepted only among family or very close friends (but not between men), you can kiss a woman who is older.
Russians greet each other by the hand and say “hello” or “good afternoon”.
Arab countries. When meeting, people cross their arms over their chests.
Mongolia. When meeting people say to each other "Are your cattle healthy?".
And in ancient times, the Tuareg tribe living in the deserts had a very complex and long greeting. It started when two more people were about a hundred meters from each other and could last as long as half an hour! The Tuareg bowed, jumped, grimaced...
The Russian peacekeepers in Yugoslavia were greeted in a very original way: during the NATO bombings, the locals said to ours instead of “Hello” - “S-300”, hinting that it would be time to start retaliatory strikes.
By the way, in the thirties in Germany, some, risking their freedom and life, shouted at rallies instead of Heil Hitler "Halb liter", that is, half a liter.
How do they greet different countries
Different countries greet each other in different ways. Traditions to greet each other vary from a simple handshake to rubbing noses and sniffing cheeks. Moreover, the greeting has its own meaning!
Russia. People at a meeting wish each other good health and exchange friendly handshakes.
IN USA to the question: “How are you” (“How do you do?”) The answer is: “Everything is fine!”, Even if far from it. To say “bad” is the height of indecency!
Some Indian people take off their shoes when they meet.
IN Tunisia When greeting on the street, it is customary to first bow, bring your right hand to your forehead, then to your lips, then to your heart. “I think about you, I talk about you, I respect you” - this is the meaning of this greeting.
Mongolia. When meeting, people say to each other, “Are your cattle healthy?”.
Israel:"Peace to you!"
Inhabitants of the country Tonga located on the islands Pacific Ocean, when meeting with acquaintances, they stop at a distance, shake their heads, stamp their feet and snap their fingers.
IN Japan it is not customary to shake hands. The Japanese bow at a meeting with one of three types of bows - the lowest, medium with an angle of 30 degrees, or light.
Eskimos, greeting a friend, lightly hit him with a fist on the head and shoulders.
Zulus (a people in South Africa). When they meet, they exclaim “I see you!”.
Inhabitants New Guinea from the koi-ri tribe, greeting, tickle each other under the chin.
Representatives African people akamba living in the south Kenya, as a sign of deep respect ... spit on the oncoming one.
Inhabitants of the Republic Zambia in Central Africa, greetings are clapped and curtseyed.
Tibet. When meeting, people take off their headgear with their right hand, and put their left hand behind their ear and stick out their tongue.
India. As a sign of greeting, people fold their hands together and respectfully press them to their chest. Also in India in the morning they may ask: “Did the mosquitoes bother you too much this night?”
China. When meeting, people bow with arms extended along the body.
IN Italy when they meet each other they say "Chao!".
Greetings from the inhabitants of the island Easter: stand straight, clench your hands into fists, stretch them in front of you, raise them above your head, unclench your fists and let your hands fall quietly.
At Greenlanders there is no formal greeting, but when they meet they always say: “Good weather”, even if it is minus 40 degrees outside and a damp wind is blowing.
IN Botswana(a small country in southern Africa, most the territory of which the Kalahari Desert occupies) the traditional national “Pula” is translated as a wish: “Let it rain!”
And in ancient times the tribe Tuareg, living in the deserts, was a very complex and long greeting. It started when two more people were about a hundred meters from each other and could last as long as half an hour! The Tuareg bowed, jumped, grimaced ...
It is believed that handshakes have appeared in primitive times. Then, stretching out their hands to each other, people showed that they had no weapons, that they had come in peace.
According to another version, the handshake originated in the days of knightly tournaments. When the duel of two knights dragged on and it was clear that they were equal in strength, the opponents drove up to each other in order to discuss the peaceful outcome of the duel. Having gathered, the knights held out their hands for a handshake and held them like that until the end of the negotiations, thereby protecting themselves from possible deceit and deceit by the enemy. That is why the handshake is now common mainly among men.
Sociologist Spencer believes that the handshake is a remnant of an ancient custom. In ancient times, warriors did not leave alive defeated enemies. But later a man came up with the idea that the enemy can be kept as a free servant, a slave. And recognizing himself defeated and subdued, as a token of gratitude for the fact that life was given to him, the newly-made slave first fell on his face, as if showing that he was killed, defeated, then slowly rose, kneeling, and extended both palms to his master, showing that he gives himself to him.
Perhaps that is why in Latin and the words “hand” - “manus” and “submit” - “manus dare”, and later also “mansuetus” - “tamed”, “slave” are the same root.
Thus, if we rephrase famous phrase about a friend, you can say: tell me how you say hello and I'll tell you who you are.
In psychology, there is Stanley Milgram's theory - “ six handshake theory“. Its essence is that any 2 inhabitants of the planet are separated on average by only 5 levels of mutual acquaintances - that is, 6 handshakes. This hypothesis has been tested many times different ways, including computer simulation and Microsoft, but always found confirmation. She works! Surely, walking around the expanses of the Internet, you were often surprised to learn that an acquaintance of your friend has long been familiar to you! ...
Practicum on tolerance
Tolerance training for teenagers Lesson 1 TOLERANCE: WHAT IS IT? (PART 1) Goals:
- to acquaint teenagers with the concept of "tolerance";
- stimulate the imagination of participants in search of their own
- understanding of tolerance in three ways: (1) based on the development of “ scientific definition”, (2) through expressive form, (3) using associative series.
Introduction Target: - introduction to the problem Required time: 25 minutes.
Procedure: Group rules are accepted. Then the facilitator tells the group members about what “tolerance” and “intolerance” (or intolerance) are, about their manifestations and about the consequences of intolerance. The lecture can be prepared by the facilitator independently or based on the introduction to this manual. In conclusion, the facilitator presents the objectives of the training written on the board and talks about them.
Acquaintance Required time: 15 minutes.
The facilitator invites the participants to introduce themselves as they would like to be called in the group (for example, use pseudonyms).
Procedure(possible options). Exercise "Snowball". The group members sit in a circle.
The host introduces himself first. Then the negro sitting to the left of the speaker calls the name of the leader and his own name. Every next member calls in turn the names of all those introduced before him. Thus, the participant closing the circle will have to name the names of all members of the group.
Exercise "Neighbor on the right, neighbor on the left"
The participant who holds the ball in his hands calls the names of the neighbors to the right and left of himself, and then introduces himself. After that, he throws the ball to any of the members of the group. The person who received the ball must again name the names of his neighbors on the right and left and introduce himself, and so on.
Warm up Goals:
- creating a relaxed, friendly atmosphere in the group;
- increasing intra-group trust and cohesion of group members.
Required time: 10 minutes. Exercise "What are we like" Carrying out procedure: The members of the group sit in a circle. The facilitator invites one of the participants into the circle based on some real or imagined resemblance to himself. For example: “Sveta, please come out to me, because you and I have the same hair color (or we are similar in that we are inhabitants of the Earth, or we are of the same height, etc.)”. Sveta enters the circle and invites one of the participants to leave in the same way. The game continues until all members of the group are in a circle. Exercise "Compliments"
Carrying out procedure: The facilitator invites the participants to come up with compliments for each other. He throws the ball to one of the participants and compliments him. For example: “Dima, you are very fair man" or "Katya, you have a wonderful hairstyle." The person who receives the ball throws it to the person to whom he wants to give his compliment, and so on. It is important to ensure that a compliment is given to each participant.
The main content of the lesson Exercise "What is "tolerance"" Goals:
- enable participants to formulate the “scientific concept” of tolerance;
- show the multidimensionality of the concept of "tolerance".
Required time: 20 minutes. Materials: tolerance definitions written on large sheets of paper (see Annex 1.2).
Preparation: write tolerance definitions on large sheets of paper and pin them to the board or walls before class reverse side to the audience.
Carrying out procedure: The facilitator divides the participants into groups of 3-4 people. Each group will have to brainstorm their own definition of tolerance. Ask the participants to include in this definition what they think is the essence of tolerance. The definition should be short and concise. After discussion, a representative from each group introduces the developed definition to all participants.
After the end of the discussion in groups, each definition is written out on the board or on a large piece of paper.
After the groups present their wording, the facilitator turns the pre-prepared definitions “face” to the audience. Participants have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the existing definitions and express their attitude towards them.
Discussion: The facilitator asks the following questions:
- What makes each definition different?
- Is there something that unites some of the proposed definitions?
- What is the best definition?
- Is it possible to give one definition of the concept of "tolerance"?
Keep the following points in mind as you discuss:
- The concept of "tolerance" has many aspects.
- Each of the definitions revealed some facet of tolerance.
Reflection lessons
- Some of you are familiar with the concept of "tolerance" for the first time. Which of the definitions of tolerance resonated with you the most?
- Do you think the topic of tolerance is relevant, and if so, why?
Lesson 2 Tolerance: what is it? Warm up Exercise "General Rhythm" Goals:- Increasing group cohesion. Required time: 5 minutes.
Conduct procedure. The participants stand in a circle. The leader claps his hands several times at a certain speed, setting the rhythm, which the group must maintain as follows: the participant standing to the right of the leader makes one clap, followed by the next, and so on. There should be a feeling that given rhythm one person claps, not all members of the group in turn. This exercise rarely succeeds the first time. After several trial laps, participants who break the general rhythm gradually drop out of the game.
The main content of the lesson Exercise: Emblem of Tolerance Goals:- continuation of work with definitions of tolerance; - development of fantasy, expressive ways of self-expression. Required time: 20 minutes. Materials: paper, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, scissors, adhesive tape.
Conduct procedure. At the previous stage, the participants developed own definitions tolerance and got acquainted with the already existing ones. The facilitator notes that the discussion took place on an intellectual, abstract level.
The next exercise will allow you to approach this from the other side - the participants will have to create an emblem of tolerance. Everyone will try to draw on their own such an emblem that could be printed on dust jackets, national flags. The drawing process takes 5-7 minutes. After completing the work, the participants examine each other's drawings (you can walk around the room for this). After getting acquainted with the results of the creativity of other participants, they should be divided into subgroups based on the similarities between the drawings. It is important that each participant independently decides on joining a particular group. Each of the formed subgroups should explain what their drawings have in common and put forward a slogan that would reflect the essence of their emblems (discussion - 3-5 minutes).
The final stage of the exercise— presentation of the emblems of each subgroup. Exercise "Pantomime of tolerance" Target: the same as in the previous exercise. Required time: 15 minutes.
Materials: several definitions of tolerance written on separate sheets of paper; everything that can be useful for pantomime - a coil of rope, ribbon, drawing supplies.
Conduct procedure. All participants are divided into 3-4 (3-5 people each). Each subgroup receives from the definitions of tolerance posted on the board. The task is to pantomimically depict this definition in such a way that the other participants guess which definition it is. in question. To prepare a pantomime - 5 minutes.
Discussion. The facilitator asks the following questions:
- Which pantomime was the most "unambiguous" and did not cause any difficulties in guessing?
- What difficulties did the groups encounter in the process of inventing pantomime?
Exercise "Basket". work with the concept of "tolerance" with the help of an associative series; development of imagination, creative thinking. Required time: 10 minutes. Materials: a basket or a bag with small items (for example, toys from Kinder Surprises, badges, etc.). The number of items must exceed the number of group members.
Conduct procedure. The leader passes in a circle with a basket in which there are various small objects. participants, without looking into the basket, take one item. When everyone is ready, the facilitator invites everyone to find some connection between this subject and the concept of tolerance. The story begins with the participant who first received the toy. For example: “I got the ball. He reminds me Earth. I think that tolerance should be spread all over the world.” To give an idea of the features of a tolerant and intolerant personality and the main differences between them. Reflection lessons
- What new did you learn about the concept of "tolerance" in comparison with the previous lesson?
- What aspects and aspects of tolerance best characterize this concept?
