Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov; v. Verkola, Arkhangelsk province; 02/29/1920 - 05/15/1983

Fyodor Abramov's books gained immense popularity during the author's lifetime. In all his works - love for native land and to his people, the exaltation of labor, the beauty of nature. Watching the war from the inside and working hard post-war years the writer definitely managed to convey the life of the peasants. Today we can read Fyodor Abramov in many languages ​​of the world, and two of his works have even been filmed. The last of them is the television series "Two Winters and Three Summers", which was released in 2014.

Biography of Fedor Abramov

The biography of Fedor Abramov is full of various events. The writer was born in the midst of civil war who took his father's life. The writer's mother Stepanida was left alone with five children in her arms. Having lost a breadwinner, the family was below the poverty line, but by that time, like Fedor, he himself younger child in the family, ten years old, they already had a well-established economy: horses, cows, several sheep.

Fedya was very fond of studying and was considered one of the best students at school. IN high school he even received a scholarship. In the eighteenth year of his life, Fedor Abramov enters the university at the Faculty of Philology. When the young man was in his third year, the Second World War and he volunteered for the front.

Already in September 1941, he received the first slight wound in the arm. After a short treatment, he returned to duty and in November 1941 was again wounded. This time in the leg. A few hours later, among the many dead bodies he is accidentally found by the funeral crew. The wounded soldier is taken to the Leningrad hospital, which was located in the building of the writer's alma mater. In April 1942, he was lucky to be one of the last vehicles evacuated from besieged Leningrad.

Because of the wound, Fyodor was recalled from the regiment and sent to work in village school. There he sees how hard it is for women and children while the men are at war, how much hard work fell on their fragile shoulders. But three months later he was returned to service as a deputy company commander. Since April 1943, he has been working in the Smersh counterintelligence, first as an assistant detective, and since June 1944 as a senior investigator. Demobilized in 1945.

After demobilization, Fedor Abramov decides to continue his studies. In 1948, he graduated from Leningrad University and entered graduate school. In 1951 he defended his doctoral dissertation on. By that time, he already lives in a communal apartment with his wife Lyudmila, with whom he married in the same 1951.

Because of the article "People of the collective farm village in post-war literature" (1954), which criticizes the work of some writers, Abramov is threatened with dismissal and fines. His opinion that instead of describing the brutal post-war reality, the authors embellish it, caused an uproar. But in order to print one of the most famous works writer of the novel "Brothers and Sisters", Abramov refutes his article. The novel comes out in 1958 and becomes popular with both readers and critics. The writer plans to continue the story. He wants to turn the novel into a trilogy.

In 1963, another provocative article by Abramov was published. But, despite the rejection of work in the USSR, this article is taken to be printed by magazines in the USA and some European countries. In the summer of 1963, the writer receives a letter from his fellow villagers, in which they condemn his position. Fedor realizes that the letter does not really reflect the opinion of the people, but is one of the party's ways to influence him. Later, the villagers admitted that they were forced to sign the letter.

Subsequent novels and stories by Abramov were published with great obstacles in the form of severe censorship. Although later the works still received a good response among readers and were translated into several languages. In 1968, the second part of the Pryaslin trilogy was released under the title Two Winters and Three Summers. And five years later, the last part of the cycle (“Roads-crossroads”) was published.

His response letter to his fellow villagers, written in 1979, caused a wide resonance in the Soviet Union. In that letter, Abramov drew attention to the lack of order in the village, the negligence of the inhabitants in relation to their household. The writer called for love motherland, to work, to be the master of your land.

Except works of art Fedor Abramov wrote many essays about the countries he visited. Pleasant impression it was produced by Germany, Finland, France. But the writer spoke about the USA not in best light, emphasizing the indifference of Americans, their disinterest and dislike for their native land.

The writer did not like public performance, although each of his speech struck the listeners to the core. One of the largest meetings of Abramov with his readers can be called creative evening which took place in the fall of 1981. The whole country could watch the four-hour performance from TV screens. Fedor Abramov actively communicated with those present, answered all their questions.

The last and one of the most important works of the writer was the novel "Clean Book", for which Fedor Abramov collected materials for more than two decades. Unfortunately, the writer never managed to finish the novel. In the spring of 1983, he died of cardiac arrest after an operation. The unfinished novel was published after the death of the author.

In 2010, one of the St. Petersburg libraries began to bear the name of Fyodor Abramov. In the same year, Fedor Abramova Street appeared in honor of the writer in the St. Petersburg district of Parnassus.

Books by Fyodor Abramov on the Top Books website

Fyodor Abramov's books are rightfully considered classics domestic literature. But he got into ours with short story"What Horses Cry About", which is included in school curriculum. Thanks to this, we will probably see this famous Russian writer more than once in ours.

Fedor Abramov book list

Brothers and sisters:

1. Brothers and sisters
2. Two winters and three summers
3. Crossroads

Novels, short stories and essays:

1. Alka
2. Babyley
3. fatherlessness
4. Log mausoleums
5. Felt boots
6. around and around
7. wooden horses
8. Once upon a time there was a salmon
9. Skillful fingers
10. From the tribe of Avvakum
11. When you act according to your conscience
12. The people of the collective farm village post-war prose
13. Mamonikha
14. bear hunt
15. Hope
16. Christmas tree
17. From these veins Rus' went ...
18. Paid back
19. Arable land alive and dead
20. Pelagia
21. Trip to the past
22. Fields Open Your Eyes
23. The last old man of the village
24. The happiest
25. The Tale of the Great Communard
26. Elephant blue-eyed
27. pine children
28. Story and life
29. grass-ant
30. What do we live and feed on?
31. blank book

Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov a talented writer of the 20th century, largest representative village prose branches of Russian literature of the 1960s-1980s.

Fedor Abramov was born on February 29, 1920 in the village of Verkola, Pinezhsky district, Arkhangelsk province, surrounded by endless forests, swamps, lakes. The biography of the writer is consonant with the era. Childhood and youth were not easy. He grew up in a large, large, early orphaned family (his father died when the boy was not even two years old). Mutual assistance of the brothers and sisters of the "childish communion" of the Abramovs, led by a hardworking mother and a tireless peasant labor helped to survive and get an education.

Already in the 910 grades, Abramov tried his hand at literary creativity. His first poem was published in the regional newspaper in 1937. After graduating from Karpogory high school in 1938 Abramov entered the philological faculty of the Leningrad state university, where I had to leave my studies with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Together with other fellow students in 1941, he signed up as a volunteer in civil uprising, lay under fire in the Sinyavinsky swamps with one rifle for ten. With a serious wound, he ended up in a besieged hospital he was threatened with amputation of his leg. He miraculously survived when the hospital was evacuated across the Ladoga ice along the Road of Life, again under fire. The car in front sank, the car behind too ...

Caught on big land, Abramov visited native village, where another folk tragedy was revealed to him “Woman, teenage and old men’s war in the rear”, where hungry, shoeless children, women and old men took on all men's work in the field, in the forest, on the rafting. Impressions from this trip formed the basis of the future works of the writer. In August 1942, Abramov returned to service: deputy political officer of a company of a reserve rifle regiment, a cadet of a military machine-gun school. In April 1943 he was sent to counterintelligence "Smersh". For participation in radio games and successful disinformation of the enemy, Lieutenant Fedor Abramov was awarded a nominal watch. Impressions from working as a counterintelligence investigator were reflected in the unfinished story "Who is he?".

After the victory, Abramov returns to the university, enters graduate school (1948) and successfully defends his thesis on the work of M. Sholokhov, then works at the department Soviet literature Leningrad State University (19511958) and a few years later he heads it. A party functionary, an official from literature and science could have such a career advancement. But in Abramov's character and actions there was always something out of the ordinary, out of well-intentioned Soviet loyalty. In 1954, he published in the magazine " New world” article “People of the collective farm village in post-war prose”, in which he rebelled against the tendentiously idyllic literature about the village, against smoothed out conflicts and simplified characters, stood up for genuine unvarnished truth. The article thundered throughout the country, the author was accused of nihilism, anti-patriotism, criticized in the press, at party meetings, almost lost his job.

After the publication of the first novel Brothers and Sisters, Abramov left the University and devoted himself entirely to literary work.

Tetralogy Brothers and Sisters (1958), Two Winters and Three Summers (1968), Crossroads (1973), Home (1978) highlights the great feat and suffering of those who remained in the rear and ensured the Victory in the terrible hard times of the Second World War, tells about the fate of the Russian village after the war. Abramov the artist appears as a true master of creating various characters, images of the entire multi-colored life both in nature and in human relations. In the center are the ups and downs of the Pryaslin family's fate. After the death of his father at the front, fourteen-year-old Mikhail Pryaslin becomes the head of the family, taking care of the house ("Brothers and Sisters").

In the novel “The House”, which became the writer’s testament, a bitter but true picture is drawn: old people are leaving, former front-line soldiers are drinking themselves, Lizaveta Pryaslin, the guardian of Pryaslin’s conscience and native hearth, is dying, and Mikhail Pryaslin, the owner and hard worker, can do nothing with the destruction Houses against the backdrop of general decay. Abramov wrote about all the problems directly, without deviating from his call, sounded back in 1954: to write "only the truth direct and impartial."

His the best work Abramov considered the "Clean Book", the material for which he had been collecting for 25 years, since the late 1950s. The writer's widow Lyudmila Krutikova recalls: “Before the fatal operation in 1983, Fyodor Abramov told me: If a catastrophe happens live for two and complete my writing business. If not me, who and when will take up the “Clean Book”? And people really need her. Especially now". In 2000, the book was published through the efforts of the widow.

work on major works Abramov combined with writing short stories and stories. Moreover, thanks to repeated reference to texts, this process sometimes dragged on for a long time: "Mamonikha", 1972-80; "Grass-ant", 195580; "The happiest", 193980. In parallel, Abramov was busy with journalism, spoke on television and radio.

Abramov did not get tired of repeating: social, economic, ecological problems inseparable from the spiritual, moral. The advantage of Abramov's prose is the original Abramov's word, indignant and healing, pleasing and inspiring, that multi-colored and wise word, which is especially rich in the Russian language, and even in its folk, northern sound. Abramov himself constantly admired popular speech northerners. He argued: "The language of the people is its mind and wisdom, its ethics and philosophy, its history and poetry."

Abramov died in Leningrad on May 14, 1983. The writer was buried in Verkol, on the steep bank of the Pinega, and a museum of the writer was created in the former elementary school where Fyodor Abramov studied.

A brief biography and interesting facts from the life of Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov, a Russian writer, are set out in this article.

Biography of Fedor Abramov briefly

The future writer was born on February 29, 1920 in the village of Verkola, Arkhangelsk region, in an ordinary peasant family. After graduating from the Karpogory secondary school, Abramov entered the Faculty of Philology at Leningrad University. As a third-year student, he volunteers for the Great Patriotic War. In the war he was seriously wounded twice and the writer was demobilized.

After the war ended, Fedor Abramov recovered at the university and, after graduating from graduate school, began teaching Soviet literature at the department. In the period from 1956 - 1960 he was the head of the department. Around the same time, Abramov began to publish as a literary critic and critic.

In 1962, Abramov decided to leave the university and devote himself entirely to professional writing.

The next significant works were the novels “Two Winters and Three Summers”, “Roads and Crossroads” and “House”, “Once Upon a Time a Semuzhka”, “Fatherlessness”, “Pelageya”, “Around and Around”, “Wooden Horses”, “ Alka", "On my eel", "Alone with nature", "Grass - Ant".

Thanks to his writings, the writer speaks at writers' congresses, gives interviews to newspapers and television, is published in collections and periodicals. Fedor Abramov is also published abroad, and his works are studied in foreign educational institutions of higher education.

In 1975, Abramov was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for the Pryaslina trilogy. And in 1980 he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Badge of Honor, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, and various medals.

Fedor Abramov interesting facts

• Interesting Facts about Abramov, it is worth starting with the fact that he began his studies at the age of 7 years. At the end of the 3rd grade, the boy was given a prize for good study in the form of chintz and fabric for a shirt and trousers. It was great help needy family.
• The writer was awarded the “title” of a village writer for the fact that his works were mainly dedicated to the people of the village.
• As a graduate student, he met his love in 1949. There was no love at first sight, the young people were friends at first and discussed Abramov's plan for a new novel. But over time, love arose between them, and they got married.
• In the story "Wooden Horses", the prototype of the old woman Vasilisa Milentievna was the mother of Fyodor Abramov.
• In the period from April 17, 1943 - October 2, 1945, he was in the service of SMERSH counterintelligence, the White Sea military district. At first he had the position of an assistant to the detective reserve, then an investigator and a senior investigator of the counterintelligence department.

Abramov was born into a peasant family, was the youngest of five children. Parents: Alexander Stepanovich Abramov (1878-1921), was a driver in Arkhangelsk, and Stepanida Pavlovna, nee. Zavarzina (1883-1947), a peasant woman from the Old Believers. When he was 2 years old, his father died. After graduating from the Verkolsky four-year elementary school in 1933, Fedor moved to the district center - with. Karpogory (70 km from Verkola) to finish a ten-year school. In 1938, after graduating with honors from high school, he was enrolled without exams at the philological faculty of Leningrad University. After the third year, on June 22, 1941, he volunteered for the people's militia. He served as a machine gunner of the 377th artillery and machine gun battalion, in September 1941 he was wounded in the arm, after a short treatment he returned to the front line. In November 1941, he was seriously wounded (both legs were broken by a bullet), only by chance was discovered by a fighter of the funeral team that collected the dead. He spent the blockade winter of 1941-1942 in a Leningrad hospital, in April 1942 he was evacuated over the ice of Lake Ladoga with one of the last cars. Due to the injury, he received leave for 3 months, taught at the Karpogory school. Recognized as fit for non-combatant service, from July 1942 he was deputy company commander in the 33rd reserve rifle regiment in the Arkhangelsk military district, from February 1943 - assistant platoon commander of the Arkhangelsk military machine-gun school. From April 1943 he was transferred to the counterintelligence department "Smersh" to the position of assistant to the detective reserve, in August 1943 he became an investigator, in June 1944 - a senior investigator in the investigative department of the counterintelligence department. Demobilized in autumn 1945.

Member of the CPSU since 1945.

He graduated with honors from the philological faculty of the Leningrad State University (1948) and entered the graduate school of Leningrad State University. During my studies I met my future wife Lyudmila Krutikova (later - literary critic, a researcher of Bunin's work). In 1951 he married and defended his Ph.D. thesis on the work of M. A. Sholokhov. In 1951-1960. was a senior lecturer, then associate professor and head of the department of Soviet literature at Leningrad State University. IN summer holidays In 1950, on the Dorishche farm in the Novgorod region, Abramov began writing his first novel, Brothers and Sisters, which was completed six years later. For two years, the novel was not accepted for publication; the magazines Oktyabr and Novy Mir refused the writer. In 1958, the novel was published in the Neva magazine and was well received by critics. In 1960, Abramov left the department and became a professional writer.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin (1980), the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree and the medals "For the Defense of Leningrad" and "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

He was buried in the village of Verkola on the right bank of the Pinega River, on the left bank is the Artemiyevo-Verkolsky Monastery, the restoration of which Abramov was concerned about at the end of his life.

Literary activity

From 1949 he published literary critical articles on Soviet literature. The first novel "Brothers and Sisters" (1958), together with the novels "Two Winters and Three Summers" (1968) and "Crossroads" (1973), formed the epic cycle "Pryasliny" . For the Pryaslina trilogy, F. Abramov was awarded the State Prize of the USSR (1975). The continuation of the cycle was the novel "House" (1978). Despite the laureate, many of Abramov's works did not go to print easily, with censorship cuts, causing reproaches for thickening gloomy colors.

The author of stories and essays about collective farm life, the stories "Fatherless" (1961), "Pelageya" (1969), "Wooden Horses" (1970), "Alka" (1972), where the peasant world of the Russian North is shown in its everyday worries, sorrows and joys.

Bibliography

Pryasliny

Tetralogy under common name"Brothers and sisters".

• Brothers and sisters. (1958) Novel. Part 1.
• Two winters and three summers. (1968) Novel. Part 2.
• Crossroads. (1973) Novel. Part 3
• House. (1978) Novel. Part 4

Miscellaneous

• Alka. (1972) Tale
• Babiley. Story
• Babiley. (1980) Sat. stories and tales
• Fatherlessness. (1961) story
• Log mausoleums. (1981) Short story
• Felt boots. Story
• Around and around. (1963) Essay
• Wooden horses. (1970) Story
• There lived a salmon. (1962) Story
• Skillful fingers. Story
• From the tribe of Avvakum. Story
• When you act according to your conscience. Story
• People of the collective farm village in post-war prose. (1954) Article
• Mamonikh. (1973) Tale
• M. A. Sholokhov: Seminary. (1958) Book (co-authored by V. V. Gura)
• Bear hunting. (1963-64) Story
• Hope. Story
• Christmas tree. Story
• From these veins Rus' went ... Essay (co-author A. Chistyakov)
• Paid back. Story
• The arable land is alive and dead. Essay (co-author A. Chistyakov)
• Pelagia. (1969) Tale
• Trip to the past. (1974, published 1986)
• Fields Open your eyes. Story
• The last old man of the village. Story
• The happiest. Story
• The Tale of the Great Communard. Story
• Elephant is blue-eyed. Story
• What do we live and feed on?.. (1979) Open letter countrymen
• Ant grass.
• Blank book. Book (unfinished)

Criticism

• Yu. G. Burtin. About our brothers and sisters. (1959)
• G. G. RADOV. All the salt is in position (1963)
• B. D. Pankin. The Pryaslins live. (1969)
• E. Starikova. Sociological aspect of modern "village prose". (1972)
• I. Dedkov. Between Pelageya Amosova. (1972)
• I. P. Zolotussky. Fedor Abramov: Personality. Books. Fate. (1986)
• A. M. Turkov. Fedor Abramov: Essay. (1987)
• L. V. Krutikova-Abramova. House in Verkole: A Documentary Tale. (1988)
• Yu. M. Oklyansky. House on the corner: About Fedor Abramov and his books. (1990)
• Yu. M. Oklyansky. Verkol populist. (1997)
• Yu. M. Oklyansky. Noisy wilderness. (1997)
• D. G. Kulbas. Aesthetic principles F. Abramova. (1998)
• I. Polyakova. Fedor Abramov: From a newspaper article.

Soviet literature

Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov

Biography

ABRAMOV, FEDOR ALEKSANDROVICH (1920−1983), Russian writer. Born February 29, 1920 in the village. Verkola of the Arkhangelsk region in a peasant family. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941−1945 he went to the front as a student of the philological faculty of Leningrad University. Completed after the war higher education, became a candidate of sciences, head of the department of Soviet literature at Leningrad State University. From 1949 he published literary critical articles. The first novel, Brothers and Sisters (1958), marked the beginning of Pryaslin's epic cycle (the other novels are Two Winters and Three Summers, 1968, and Crossroads, 1973), published in full in 1974 and noted State Prize USSR (1975). In 1978, Abramov supplemented the cycle with the novel Dom.

Pryaslin's tetralogy is set in the village of Pekashino in northern Russia and spans the period from World War II to the early 1970s. After the death of his father at the front, fourteen-year-old Mikhail Pryaslin becomes the head of the family. The adolescent is responsible not only for younger brothers and sisters, but also the obligation to work on a collective farm on an equal basis with adults. The story of the Pryaslins, a typical Russian peasant family that experienced all the cruel vicissitudes of the 20th century, made Abramov one of the most prominent representatives of the "village prose" - a galaxy of writers who studied artistic research deep layers folk life. The tetralogy is characterized by an epic style, a scrupulous description of village life and the fate of the characters. Abramov's work was generally favorably assessed by critics, but the prose writer was upset that the main attention was given to his novels, while he considered his works of other genres also important. So, milestone In the work of Abramov was the story Wooden Horses (1978), which takes place in his native places - in the Russian North, in Pinezhye. Pictures of rural life, lovingly drawn in the story, remind of the "wooden and birch bark kingdom", in which the future writer spent his childhood. The main character, the old woman Vasilisa Milentievna, Abramov gave the features of his mother. In 1973, the story was staged, and a performance was staged at the Taganka Theater (directed by Yu. Lyubimov). Abramov comprehends the life of his heroes both in the war and post-war years, and in the late 1970s, when the focus of the “village” writers was not so much the struggle of the peasant for survival as the attitude of a person spiritually connected with nature. The natural industriousness, mind and moral strength of the peasants shown in the works of Abramov are stronger than harsh external circumstances. Abramov died in Leningrad on May 14, 1983.

Russian writer Fyodor Alexandrovich Abramov, born February 29, 1920, was from the village of Verkola, Arkhangelsk region, from a peasant family. He was remembered not only as a literary critic, but also as a publicist of the 1960-1980s.

When Fedor was two years old, his father dies. In 1933 the boy graduated from Verkolskaya primary school and, in order to study at the "ten-year school", he moves with his mother to the village of Karpogory, which is 45 km from Verkola. In 1938, Fedor graduated with honors and entered Leningrad University without exams. In 1941, as a student of the Faculty of Philology, he went to the front.

While still a student, Abramov met Lyudmila Krutikova, whom he married in 1951. In 1951-1960. Fedor becomes first a senior lecturer, and then an associate professor, head of the department of Soviet literature at Leningrad State University.

From 1949 he published literary critical articles. His novel "Brothers and Sisters", published in 1958, served as the beginning full cycle story "Pryasliny", published in 1974, and in 1978 by the completion of the cycle of the novel "House". In 1954, he published an article in the Novy Mir magazine entitled "People of the Kolkhoz Village in Post-War Literature", in which he opposes the varnishing of provisions in the village.

The story of Pryaslin's family is a typical Russian peasant family, who experienced all the hardships of the twentieth century. This tetralogy is characterized by a description of the fates village life and the fate of the heroes. An elderly woman, Vasilisa Milentievna, who was assigned the main role in the story, reminded features mother Abramov.