1. Treasures of Forest Fenn
When wealthy art dealer Forest Fenn fell ill with cancer, he decided to leave behind a huge treasure (worth more than one million dollars) that was hidden in the mountains north of Santa Fe (a city in New Mexico, USA). In 2011, Fenn published a book of memoirs that contains nine riddles that point to the exact location of the treasure. Treasure chest filled with gold coins, nuggets, figurines and jewelry.
People literally risk their lives trying to find Fenn's hidden treasures. A man named Randy Billew died in 2016 while hunting for gold. After his death, Forest Fenn stated: “The treasure is hidden in a safe place. I have repeatedly said that one should not look for them where an eighty-year-old man could not climb.
2. Cipher used in the Taman Shud case
In 1948, the body of an unknown man was found on Somerton Beach (Australia). It was not possible to establish his identity. In the man's trouser pocket, investigators found a small piece of paper with the words "Tamam Shud" written in Persian. The police determined that it had been torn from Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat. On its back was written an encrypted message:
WRGOABABD
MLIAOI
WTBIMPANETP
MLIABOAIAQC
ITTMTSAMSTGAB
Former detective Gordon Kramer believes that between these capital letters hides a 1100-character micropost. He is also convinced that the code between the letters can reveal the secrets of the British military. Cramer's theory was not widely accepted. The cipher used in the Taman Shud case still remains an unsolved mystery.
3. Pigeons and Operation Neptune
When allied forces stormed the coast of France as part of Operation Neptune, the British army was faced with the problem of a complete lack of radio communications. Officers had to send coded messages to England using carrier pigeons. One of them failed to reach its destination. He got stuck in the chimney and died. Seventy years later, his skeleton was discovered by David Martin during a repair work. In a small red capsule tied to a pigeon's leg was a coded message:
AOAKN HVPKD FNFJW YIDDC
RQXSR DJHFP GOVFN MIAPX
PABUZ WYYNP CMPNW HJRZH
NLXKG MEMKK ONOIB AKEEQ
WAOTA RBQRH DJOFM TPZEH
LKXGH RGGHT JRZCQ FNKTQ
KLDTS FQIRW AOAKN 27 1525/6
In 2012, cryptographers gave up desperate attempts to decipher the code and posted the following explanation on their website: “Without access to the original cipher directories and in the absence of additional clues or context, decoding the message is not possible.”
4. Haiku by Tatiana Van Wark
Tatjana Van Wark is a woman who is both an engineer and an artist. She designs complex machines that often imitate or even replicate technology from a long time ago. past days. They look more like works of art than fully functional creations, but this does not prevent them from demonstrating incredible technical capabilities.
Tatiana Van Vark has a reputation as a talented engineer. When she was only fourteen years old, she created from scratch such a complex device as an oscilloscope. She also developed a cryptographic device, which, according to her, is an improved version of the Enigma cipher machine. She promised to reveal the secret of how it works if anyone could decipher this encoded text (haiku):
GUK59 XBOFJ-AFF1 SGU65 0-KME YKCL7
76PRO LIKNY /WVSZ X-JYI OS6GN 9GLYL
CTOSE -UBO6 OFD7P I+M3JIOP59 O0/6T 10G2Q
All attempts to solve this code ended unsuccessfully. To this day, Van Wark's cryptographic device remains as much of a mystery as her encrypted poem.
5. Handwriting of the Devil
This encrypted message was first printed in 1539, but it remains an unsolved mystery to this day. According to legend, it was created by a man named Ludovico Spoletano. He summoned the Devil, who took possession of his hand and forced him to write the intricate text in the image above. This story is filled with supernatural magic that excited the imagination of people who lived in the 16th century. The alphabet that was used by Spoletano is similar to Amharic. At that time, it was believed that it was the Amharic language that was spoken in the Garden of Eden. Of course, most people do not believe that the Spoletano message was written by Satan. They believe that this is an ordinary cipher, which, however, so far no one has been able to solve.
6. Oxyrhynchus Papyrus No. 90
An ancient Egyptian papyrus dating back to 180 BC contains an encrypted message that no one has yet been able to decipher. It is written on a scroll, which is a receipt for the purchase of corn from a public barn. At the very bottom of it are two incomprehensible inscriptions consisting of Greek letters (see image above). They are a coded message.
The Oxyrhynchus Papyrus No. 90 was first presented to the public in 1898. Nine years later, Frederick Kenyon, collaborator british museum, decided to decipher the mysterious code, but the results of his work did not lead to anything.
7 Zodiac Serial Killer Cipher
In 1968 and 1969 the city of San Francisco terrorized Serial killer nicknamed the Zodiac, who killed innocent victims and sent them to local newspapers to publish a series of coded messages.
His first message was deciphered within a few days, however, each time they became more and more difficult. One message (340 characters long) remains unsolved to this day. People from all over the world are desperately trying to figure out what it means.
In 2012, Corey Starliper announced that he had cracked the Zodiac code and deciphered the text of a terrible message that ended with these words: “Please help me stop killing people. Please. My name is Ley Allen."
Experts say Starliper's theory is "invalid". In their opinion, he simply created what he wanted to see.
8. Case "YOGTZE"
Before his death in 1984, Günther Stoll told his wife that he was being persecuted by "they", so he was in mortal danger. The woman did not take his words seriously, thinking that he was losing his mind. On the day of his death, Stol unexpectedly exclaimed "I understand!". He wrote "YOG'TZE" on a piece of paper and ran out of the house.
In the evening he was found dead in a car that had fallen into a ditch. He was without clothes. On it was a piece of paper with "YOG'TZE" written on it. At first, the police thought that Stoll was driving in drunk. However, an autopsy showed that he was not driving the car. Someone knocked him down, stripped him naked and put him in the driver's seat.
No one knows what "YOG'TZE" means. Perhaps these letters were associated with the personalities of those who persecuted Stol.
9. Cryptos
In 1990 American artist named Jim Sanborn created the sculpture "Kryptos", which is located in front of the CIA headquarters in Langley (Virginia, USA). It consists of four ciphertexts of 865 characters. The first three were successfully deciphered: in 1993 by a US National Security Agency official, in 1998 by a CIA analyst, and in 1999 by a man named Jim Gillogly.
The fourth part remains undeciphered until now.
OBKR
UOXOGHULBSOLIFBBWFLRVQQPRNGKSSO
TWTQSJQSSEKZZWATJKLUDIAWINFBNYP
VTTMZFPKWGDKZXTJCDIGKUHUAUEKCAR
In 2010, Sanborn gave a hint that part of the code "NYPVTT" should be deciphered as "Berlin" (Eng. Berlin). Four years later, he said that "MZFPK" means "hours" (English clock). “Berlin has some amazing clocks. You should pay attention to that,” Sanborn hinted.
10. Blitz cipher
During the Second World War, a document was found in a basement in east London containing unknown characters that were handwritten in beautiful, neat handwriting. On its front page was a sign with ciphertext directly below it. The second page was drawn with diagrams, and the third contained an unknown cipher.
It is still unknown who created this document and what is written in it. Some experts believe that it was born over 100 years ago and belonged to members secret society. Others say that this is complete nonsense, designed to mislead people.
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Are you looking for this? Perhaps this is what you could not find for so long?
This article gives you the opportunity, without leaving your home, to decrypt the encoded messages that have been haunting the best experts in the field of cryptography for many years now. Some of the ten encrypted messages below hold the key to solving murders and big mysteries. And at least one of them will show you the way to the hidden treasures, if, of course, you can solve it, becoming the first person to do it.
1. Treasures of Forest Fenn
When wealthy art dealer Forest Fenn fell ill with cancer, he decided to leave behind a huge treasure (worth more than one million dollars) that was hidden in the mountains north of Santa Fe (a city in New Mexico, USA). In 2011, Fenn published a book of memoirs that contains nine riddles that point to the exact location of the treasure. The treasure chest is filled with gold coins, nuggets, figurines and jewelry.
People literally risk their lives trying to find Fenn's hidden treasures. A man named Randy Billew died in 2016 while hunting for gold. After his death, Forest Fenn stated: “The treasure is hidden in a safe place. I have repeatedly said that one should not look for them where an eighty-year-old man could not climb.
2. Cipher used in the Taman Shud case
In 1948, the body of an unknown man was found on Somerton Beach (Australia). It was not possible to establish his identity. In the man's trouser pocket, investigators found a small piece of paper with the words "Tamam Shud" written in Persian. The police determined that it had been torn from Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat. On its back was written an encrypted message:
Former detective Gordon Kramer believes there is a 1,100-character micromessage hidden between these capital letters. He is also convinced that the code between the letters can reveal the secrets of the British military. Cramer's theory was not widely accepted. The cipher used in the Taman Shud case still remains an unsolved mystery.
3. Pigeons and Operation Neptune
When the Allied forces stormed the coast of France as part of Operation Neptune, the British army was faced with the problem of a complete lack of radio communications. Officers had to send coded messages to England using carrier pigeons. One of them failed to reach its destination. He got stuck in the chimney and died. Seventy years later, his skeleton was discovered by David Martin during renovations. In a small red capsule tied to a pigeon's leg was a coded message:
AOAKN HVPKD FNFJW YIDDC
RQXSR DJHFP GOVFN MIAPX
PABUZ WYYNP CMPNW HJRZH
NLXKG MEMKK ONOIB AKEEQ
WAOTA RBQRH DJOFM TPZEH
LKXGH RGGHT JRZCQ FNKTQ
KLDTS FQIRW AOAKN 27 1525/6
In 2012, cryptographers gave up desperate attempts to decipher the code and posted the following explanation on their website: “Without access to the original cipher directories and in the absence of additional clues or context, decoding the message is not possible.”
4. Haiku by Tatiana Van Wark
Tatjana Van Wark is a woman who is both an engineer and an artist. It designs complex machines that often mimic or even replicate technology from bygone days. They look more like works of art than fully functional creations, but this does not prevent them from demonstrating incredible technical capabilities.
Tatiana Van Vark has a reputation as a talented engineer. When she was only fourteen years old, she created from scratch such a complex device as an oscilloscope. She also developed a cryptographic device, which, according to her, is an improved version of the Enigma cipher machine. She promised to reveal the secret of how it works if anyone could decipher this encoded text (haiku):
GUK59 XBOFJ-AFF1 SGU65 0-KME YKCL7
76PRO LIKNY /WVSZ X-JYI OS6GN 9GLYL
CTOSE -UBO6 OFD7P I+M3JIOP59 O0/6T 10G2Q
All attempts to solve this code ended unsuccessfully. To this day, Van Wark's cryptographic device remains as much of a mystery as her encrypted poem.
5. Handwriting of the Devil
This encrypted message was first printed in 1539, but it remains an unsolved mystery to this day. According to legend, it was created by a man named Ludovico Spoletano. He summoned the Devil, who took possession of his hand and forced him to write the intricate text in the image above. This story is filled with supernatural magic that excited the imagination of people who lived in the 16th century. The alphabet that was used by Spoletano is similar to Amharic. At that time, it was believed that it was the Amharic language that was spoken in the Garden of Eden. Of course, most people do not believe that the Spoletano message was written by Satan. They believe that this is an ordinary cipher, which, however, so far no one has been able to solve.
6. Oxyrhynchus Papyrus No. 90
An ancient Egyptian papyrus dating back to 180 BC contains an encrypted message that no one has yet been able to decipher. It is written on a scroll, which is a receipt for the purchase of corn from a public barn. At the very bottom of it are two incomprehensible inscriptions consisting of Greek letters (see image above). They are a coded message.
The Oxyrhynchus Papyrus No. 90 was first presented to the public in 1898. Nine years later, Frederick Kenyon, an employee of the British Museum, decided to decipher the mysterious code, but the results of his work did not lead to anything.
7 Zodiac Serial Killer Cipher
In 1968 and 1969, the city of San Francisco was terrorized by a serial killer known as the Zodiac, who killed innocent victims and sent a series of coded messages to local newspapers to publish.
His first message was deciphered within a few days, however, each time they became more and more difficult. One message (340 characters long) remains unsolved to this day. People from all over the world are desperately trying to figure out what it means.
In 2012, Corey Starliper announced that he had cracked the Zodiac code and deciphered the text of a terrible message that ended with these words: “Please help me stop killing people. Please. My name is Ley Allen."
Experts say Starliper's theory is "invalid". In their opinion, he simply created what he wanted to see.
8. Case "YOGTZE"
Before his death in 1984, Günther Stoll told his wife that he was being persecuted by "they", so he was in mortal danger. The woman did not take his words seriously, thinking that he was losing his mind. On the day of his death, Stol unexpectedly exclaimed "I understand!". He wrote "YOG'TZE" on a piece of paper and ran out of the house.
In the evening he was found dead in a car that had fallen into a ditch. He was without clothes. On it was a piece of paper with "YOG'TZE" written on it. At first, the police thought that Stol got behind the wheel in a state of intoxication. However, an autopsy showed that he was not driving the car. Someone knocked him down, stripped him naked and put him in the driver's seat.
No one knows what "YOG'TZE" means. Perhaps these letters were associated with the personalities of those who persecuted Stol.
9. Cryptos
In 1990, an American artist named Jim Sanborn created the sculpture "Kryptos", which is located in front of the CIA headquarters in Langley (Virginia, USA). It consists of four ciphertexts of 865 characters. The first three were successfully deciphered: in 1993 by a US National Security Agency official, in 1998 by a CIA analyst, and in 1999 by a man named Jim Gillogly.
The fourth part remains undeciphered until now.
UOXOGHULBSOLIFBBWFLRVQQPRNGKSSO
TWTQSJQSSEKZZWATJKLUDIAWINFBNYP
VTTMZFPKWGDKZXTJCDIGKUHUAUEKCAR
In 2010, Sanborn gave a hint that part of the code "NYPVTT" should be deciphered as "Berlin" (Eng. Berlin). Four years later, he said that "MZFPK" means "hours" (English clock). “Berlin has some amazing clocks. You should pay attention to that,” Sanborn hinted.
10. Blitz cipher
During the Second World War, a document was found in a basement in east London containing unknown characters that were handwritten in beautiful, neat handwriting. On its front page was a sign with ciphertext directly below it. The second page was drawn with diagrams, and the third contained an unknown cipher.
It is still unknown who created this document and what is written in it. Some experts believe that it was born over 100 years ago and belonged to members of a secret society. Others say that this is complete nonsense, designed to mislead people.
April 10, 2015, 09:10From time to time, such finds fall into the hands of historians, which are so unusual that they baffle scientists. It is necessary either to recognize the existing academic science as erroneous, or the discovery as a fake. It is clear that usually a sad fate awaits the find, not science. Yes, sometimes a "unique artifact" or a "previously unknown text" is indeed a fake. But questions arise in relation to those texts about the falsification of which they shout for a long time and unsuccessfully. Involuntarily, you will think - if in fact the deception is so obvious, then why is it taking so long to convince?
Achinsk wand. The oldest calendar on earth.
In the territory modern Russia, in Siberia, during the excavation of the Achinsk Paleolithic settlement, the most ancient calendar in the world. Its age is 18,000 years.
It turns out that 18,000 years ago people not only lived on the territory of modern Siberia, but long before the formation of the Sumerian, Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese civilizations, they had a perfect lunar-solar calendar, which is another indisputable confirmation of the existence of a highly developed culture on the territory of modern Russia. Whereas the official historiography claims that at that time the Russian Plain and Siberia were covered with many kilometers of glacier.
In the second half of the twentieth century, on the territory of the Achinsk region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the scientist - archaeologist Georgy Alexandrovich Avramenko was discovered ancient parking man, dating back to the period of 28-20 thousand years BC, now known as the Achinsk settlement.
This ancient settlement became widely known thanks to an amazing find. In 1972, during the excavation of the Achinsk settlement, Dr. historical sciences, archaeologist Vitaly Epifanovich Larichev discovered mystery item, which has not simply puzzled the scientific world, but has changed the generally accepted ideas about the Upper Paleolithic era and the ancient inhabitants of Siberia.
This find is a miniature rod carved from a mammoth tusk. On its surface, the master of the Upper Paleolithic era, with jewelry precision and grace, applied a spiral pattern composed of 1065 holes of different outlines. Further analysis showed that the number of holes in the spirals, their shape and depth are subject to a certain pattern. This find was called the Achinsk wand.
At first glance, the found object may seem like an ordinary example of the culture of the Stone Age, but this is only at first glance.
Scientists, having carefully studied it, made sensational conclusions: the age of the Achinsk rod, according to the most conservative estimates, is more than 17,000 years.
A multiple independent examination has established that the Achinsk wand is one of the oldest calendars discovered to date, in which the basis of the reckoning is the position of the Sun and the Moon.
Also, based on a deep analysis of the find, scientists concluded that our ancestors, who lived 18,000 years ago on the territory of modern Siberia, had a perfect lunisolar calendar long before the formation of the Sumerian, Egyptian, Hindu and Chinese civilizations!
Thus, all this indicates that the ancient inhabitants of Siberia already in the Stone Age not only possessed knowledge of astronomy, mathematics and other related sciences, but also possessed unique tools for this.
And if we take into account the position of official historiography, then you will agree that it is quite strange occupation for semi-wild people of the Upper Paleolithic era, moreover, living in the territory, which at that time was covered by a glacier.
The Phaistos Disc: An Antique Mystery or a Skillful Forgery?
The most important encrypted message ancient culture island of Crete became the Phaistos disk - a clay product found in the city of Phaistos in 1903. Both sides of it are covered with signs applied in a spiral. The drive didn't have perfect correct form, its diameter is 15.8-16.5 centimeters, the thickness ranges from 1.6 to 2.1 centimeters. It was molded without the help of a potter's wheel and covered on both sides with pictorial signs following one after another in a spiral and combined into groups of closed cells, and dates from approximately the Middle Minoan III period, that is, between 1700 and 1550 BC. e. Signs (at least most of them) were stamped with special stamps, forty-five in total. They are distinct figures of man and animals, their heads. fish and birds, plants, buildings, ship and tools. Nothing like it has ever been found in Crete (that's why there was a version that it was a fake). No sooner had the disk been cleaned of dirt than scientists around the world began to argue about its origin, decryption and purpose.
Most researchers are inclined to believe that the Phaistos disc is not an artifact of Cretan origin. As evidence, they cite facts that cannot be ignored. Scientists say that the type of clay from which the Phaistos disc is made is not found in Crete. Another argument in favor of this theory was appearance signs, which, according to researchers, are not similar to any script that was common in Crete at that time. The images on the disk also seemed to scientists atypical for the Cretan tradition.
There were also many attempts to decipher the meaning of the text, but, unfortunately, none of them is officially accepted in the scientific world.
Be that as it may, in reality, but today the mysterious monument of the letter is kept in the museum of the city of Heraklion and is still waiting for someone who can unravel its secret.
Chronicle of Ur Linda. Ancient history of Europe.
"Ura-Linda" was discovered in early XIX century and was allegedly ancient history Germans (Frisians), going back centuries for many millennia. It was written in a special runic script and contained plots of pre-Christian mythology and sacred history Germans.
Many scientists immediately regarded “Ura-Linda” as an outright fake, dating back to the era of the Dutch Renaissance, when some encyclopedist transferred the mythological and geographical knowledge of his era to distant times and recreated a pseudo-mythological picture. Supporters of the authenticity of “Ura-Linda” were recognized as outcasts, charlatans and were ridiculed. However, supporters of the authenticity of the book were inclined to believe that we are dealing with a very ancient version of the mythological pre-Christian tradition, processed and stylized much later. Hermann Wirth, expert on hundreds of ancient and modern languages, an archaeologist, linguist and historian, did a colossal work on the analysis of this monument and separated layers of different times in it - the most ancient, later and very late. The result of its reconstruction was the publication of "Ura-Linda" with detailed comments. It was she who made Wirth an outcast in the environment. official historians, who believed that the very doubt of the complete falsity of "Ura-Linda" automatically discredits the author. For this reason, the other and most basic works of Hermann Wirth - "The Origin of Mankind" and "The Sacred Proto-Language of Mankind", - which contain his runological theory and do not mention "Ura-Linda" at all, were ignored by the general scientific community.
At one time, Hitler devoted a lot of attention to the mystery of "Ura Linda". Although, however, the authenticity of the manuscript for the Fuhrer was beyond doubt. The text itself, translations and commentaries to it were published in huge editions in the Reich. But how! Evidence of the deep antiquity of the Germanic race! .. But it was precisely this interest of the Nazis in the controversial manuscript that subsequently played with it bad joke so no one takes it seriously anymore.
Riddle of the "Veles Book"
"Vlesovaya book", they call texts written on 35 birch planks and reflecting the history of Russia for a millennium and a half, starting from about 650 "BC. Found it in 1919 by Colonel Izenbek in the estate of the princes Kurakins near Orel. Planks, strongly destroyed by time and worms, they lay in disarray on the floor of the library.Many were crushed by soldiers' boots.Isenbek, who was interested in archeology, collected the tablets and never parted with them.After graduation civil war the boards ended up in Brussels. The writer Yu. Mirolubiv, who learned about them, discovered that the text of the chronicle was written in a completely unknown ancient Slavic language. It took 15 years to copy and decipher. After Isenbeck's death in 1943, the tablets disappeared. Only their photographic copies remain.
Some scientists consider the "Vlesov Book" a fake, while such famous connoisseurs ancient Russian history, like A. Artsikhovsky, they consider it quite likely that the "Vlesov Book" reflects the true past of the Slavs.
Information from the Vlesovaya Book about the ancient wanderings of our ancestors across the expanses of Eurasia makes it possible to understand many references to the mysterious Rus from Middle Eastern and ancient sources. If we consider our ancestors to be the original steppe people, then we must recognize the centuries-old participation of the Rus in all the decisive events of those times. When we read in ancient sources about the great campaigns of the mysterious Cimmerians, and then the Scythians to the Middle East, Africa, South, Central and Western Europe, but Scandinavia, we can hope to find among these "Cimmerians" and "Scythians" our direct ancestors.
The previously unknown system of mythology, revealed in the "Vlesovaya book" is original. The universe, according to the ancient Rus, was divided into three parts: Reality is the visible, real world. Nav is the other world, unreal, posthumous, and Rule is the world of laws that govern everything in the world...
What was the purpose of "Vlesovaya knigi"? This is not a chronicle, not a chronicle in our understanding, but a collection of pagan sermons that were read to the people, obviously, during divine services. They were listened to and remembered by heart, for the veneration of ancestors was part of a religious cult. The deeds of the ancestors, that is, history, thus became a universal, national property, a tradition passed down from generation to generation.
The language of the Vlesovaya Book is not fully understood, and there are some words and phrases that are completely unknown, which, of course, complicates the work of researchers. It also interferes with the fact that in some places the text of the tablets was pretty damaged. But on the whole, "Vlesov's book" gives a rather unexpected picture of Russian paganism. The study of the material contained in it will give us a clearer understanding of the history Ancient Rus' pre-Rurik period.
So what is the "Book of Veles" - an ancient Russian pagan Bible, a masterpiece of a thousand-year-old pre-Christian culture, or a skillfully made fake?
The dispute continues...
There are also a number of texts that remain a mystery even to scholars. Some - due to their intentional confusion by the authors, and some - due to the fact that they are written in "dead" languages that are no longer understandable to contemporaries. It is about them that will be discussed below.
Easter Island Letters
Rongo-rongo - this is the name of the wooden planks with hieroglyphic writings of the inhabitants of Easter Island. Hieroglyphs with figurines of frogs, stars, spirals, turtles, lizards, and a winged man are carved on the shiny surface of toromiro wood. In total, 14 thousand hieroglyphs were found on the tablets. The number of images on them is different everywhere, from 2 to 2300. A calendar is presumably carved on one plate.
Most of the tablets mysteriously disappeared after 1864.
The famous traveler Nikolai Miklukho-Maclay was interested in the letters of Easter Island. He managed to find two tables, which are now in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences. To date, only 25 tablets have been preserved in museums around the world. Counting from 1868, when the Tahitian Bishop Tepano Jaussen, who was the first to become interested in reading the tablets, received a fragment of one of them, almost 140 years have passed. A scientists of the world they still cannot read what is written on the "mysterious pieces of wood."
In Santiago at the Museum natural history lies the Rod of Santiago, which used to be with the leader of Easter Island until 1870. The wand also has hieroglyphs and icons. The wand looks like a wooden scepter with 2300 hieroglyphs carved, 6.5 cm thick and 126 cm long.
All text on the wand is divided vertical lines into unequal sections. On the right side, a phallic sign is carved, which is called a suffix. There is an assumption that the scepter is written about the creation of the world with male and female principles.
Quipu - the mysterious knot script of the Incas
Quipu is still one of the most mysterious and unsolved ancient scripts, which scientists from many countries of the world are still arguing about. Kipu consisted of more than one and a half thousand characters. It was a complex rope plexus and knots made of camel wool or cotton. Each knot of a certain color meant a word, a number, or perhaps a note.
But we still do not fully know their true purpose, wandering in conjecture. The saying of one of the Great Incas, Pachacutec, has survived to this day - "He who, not knowing how to count knots, thinks that he can count the stars, is worthy of ridicule."
This knowledge has always been secret - about the time of the Inca Empire, quipu was read and written by special people, masters, who were called kipukamayoki. They translated the knots into their counting system, thus providing the basis for the famous Inca statistics, vital for the centralized distribution of food and clothing throughout the vast territory of the empire. Kipumajoki masters, according to the testimony of the Spaniards, could read these "notes" almost instantly, their fingers, like automata, silently glided over the knots, giving rise to numbers and messages.
But the quipu was probably multifunctional - in addition to statistics, quipu could also be stored in some historical information about the Incas.
Was the quipu universal? What could be written with the quipu? So already in our time, a kippah weighing six (!!!) kilograms was found in one of the temples. If this is conditionally translated into a conventional paper system for storing information, then this will be a huge multi-volume encyclopedia.
But the question arises - why this convenient system had no analogues in the world. Europeans found something similar only on some islands of Polynesia, but even there it was brought from across the ocean, it is quite possible that from the same Peru centuries ago.
It is not clear and mysterious disappearance masters - after all, many relatives of the Great Inca and their descendants, who were part of the court of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, left detailed descriptions about many household items and mythology of the empire, but not detailed information about quipu. Like it was taboo.
What is a quipu - statistics, an encyclopedia, encrypted secrets, or all together? What else can hide these mysterious nodules?
Did quipu exist before the Incas and who invented them?
Voynich Manuscript
There is one more entertaining group undeciphered alphabets, which are not related to deep antiquity, but are later hoaxes. The most famous is the manuscript, acquired in 1912 by the Lithuanian collector of antiquities Wilfrid Voynich from the Jesuits. The 240-page parchment manuscript contains numerous illustrations and text written in an alphabet that has never been used anywhere else. Assuming that he was dealing with an ordinary medieval cipher, Voynich sent copies to the best cryptologists. A century has passed, but only one thing has been established with certainty: the text of the manuscript is not encrypted at all. It's just written in unknown language.
modern graphology, statistical analysis and radioisotope dating methods made it possible to learn a lot. It has been proven that the manuscript is not a fake, that it appeared in the 15th century in northern Italy, that the book from beginning to end came from the pen of one person who was fluent in the language in which it was written. It was even determined that this language is not European in its structure - in many respects it is similar to the East Asian languages (Chinese, Tibetan, Manchu), but at the same time it has features inherent in the Semitic family. The alphabet is also amazing, not revealing kinship with any other. The text does not contain numbers and anything similar to numbers, there are no punctuation marks. In total, over a hundred letters are used, of which 30 occur constantly and, obviously, convey sounds, and a few dozen more come across two or three times in the entire manuscript, but are used as part of words in the same way as others. There is no language that has thirty common sounds and three times as many very rare ones.
Do not add clarity and illustrations. At first glance, the manuscript is a typical 15th-century “desk reference book” for a herbalist, physician, astrologer, and alchemist. Its pages are covered with images of plants and constellations, drawings, diagrams, graphs. But only some of the plants were difficult to identify, while most of the drawings baffled botanists.
These plants are either fictitious or "composite" (for example, the flower is taken from one plant, the stem from another, and the leaves from a third). And many of the constellations depicted in the manuscript cannot be seen in our sky. The only recognizable symbols in the manuscript (not counting the drawings of naked women) - the signs of the Zodiac, exactly the same as they were depicted in Europe XV-XVI centuries. Only now the year, according to the author, lasts 360, not 365 days. What kind of astrology can we talk about if another calendar is used?
The Voynich manuscript has no rational explanation. It can be assumed that a certain native of Asia, who belonged to a tribe that did not have a written language and has not survived to this day (therefore, his language is not listed either among the living or among the dead), came to Europe and many years later wrote a reference book with the help of an alphabet specially invented for this purpose. But why didn't he use the Latin alphabet? Why did he draw non-existent plants and constellations? Why did he write at all, knowing that no one would be able to read his carefully designed work? No answer.
"Code Serafini" - the most strange book in the world
In addition to the Voynich manuscript, there are a number of other modern hoaxes - for example, the Rohonczy codex (a Hungarian manuscript in an unknown language that surfaced in 1838). But the most famous book of a similar plan is the volume of the Codex Seraphinianus. Its history is simple: in 1979, the Italian designer Luigi Serafini sent a very beautiful book to the publisher Franco Ricci - an encyclopedia of the whole world with colorful illustrations, explanations, chapters, diagrams, tables. Only now Ricci did not understand a single word in the book.
In 1981, the book came out - mostly as a beautiful art album. The problem is that the language in which the codex is written (and there are signatures on each of its 360 pages, plus many of the illustrations are not at all, only encyclopedia articles), is unknown to anyone, except, apparently, Serafini. Cryptologists have identified many patterns in the cipher, dismantled the alphabet piece by piece, but the text is still incomprehensible, and the author is silent (however, he promised to explain everything in his will). True, a few years ago cryptologists coped with page numbers and the Serafini number system - it is inhumanly complex, logarithmic, but still with its own logic. And therefore there is hope for deciphering the entire text.
Code" consists of 11 chapters, divided in turn into 2 sections: the first - about the natural world, flora, fauna, physics and mechanics; the second is dedicated to people, architecture, writing, food, clothing, games and entertainment.
The word "SERAPHINIANUS" itself stands for "Strange and Extraordinary Representations of Animals and Plants and Hellish Incarnations of Normal Items from the Annals of Naturalist/Unnaturalist Luigi Serafini", that is, "Strange and unusual performances animals, plants and infernal incarnations from the depths of the mind of naturalist/anti-naturalist Luigi Serafini.
Luigi created an encyclopedia of the imaginary world following the example of medieval scientific codes: each page depicts in detail a certain object, action or phenomenon. Almost all of the drawings are brightly colored and rich in detail. The book is rightfully considered the strangest literary anomaly in the history of the twentieth century. "Code Serafini" is a crazy exploration of an alien world, a collection of hallucinations, dreams, visions and surreal images in synthesis with incomprehensible text and transcendent illustrations.
From time to time, such finds fall into the hands of historians, which are so unusual that they baffle scientists. It is necessary either to recognize the existing academic science as erroneous, or the discovery as a fake. It is clear that usually a sad fate awaits the find, not science. Yes, sometimes a "unique artifact" or a "previously unknown text" is indeed a fake. But questions arise in relation to those texts about the falsification of which they shout for a long time and unsuccessfully. Involuntarily, you will think - if in fact the deception is so obvious, then why is it taking so long to convince?
Achinsk wand. The oldest calendar on earth
On the territory of modern Russia, in Siberia, during the excavation of the Achinsk Paleolithic settlement, the oldest calendar in the world was found. Its age is 18,000 years.
It turns out that 18,000 years ago people not only lived on the territory of modern Siberia, but long before the formation of the Sumerian, Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese civilizations, they had a perfect lunar-solar calendar, which is another indisputable confirmation of the existence of a highly developed culture on the territory of modern Russia. Whereas the official historiography claims that at that time the Russian Plain and Siberia were covered with many kilometers of glacier.
In the second half of the 20th century, on the territory of the Achinsk region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, archaeologist Georgy Alexandrovich Avramenko discovered an ancient human site dating back to the period of 28-20 thousand years BC, now known as the Achinsk settlement.
This ancient settlement became widely known thanks to an amazing find. In 1972, during the excavation of the Achinsk settlement, Doctor of Historical Sciences, archaeologist Vitaly Epifanovich Larichev discovered a mysterious object that not only puzzled the scientific world, but changed generally accepted ideas about the Upper Paleolithic era and the ancient inhabitants of Siberia.
This find is a miniature rod carved from a mammoth tusk. On its surface, the master of the Upper Paleolithic era, with jewelry precision and grace, applied a spiral pattern composed of 1065 holes of different outlines. Further analysis showed that the number of holes in the spirals, their shape and depth are subject to a certain pattern. This find was called the Achinsk wand.
At first glance, the found object may seem like an ordinary example of the culture of the Stone Age, but this is only at first glance.
Scientists, having carefully studied it, made sensational conclusions: the age of the Achinsk rod, according to the most conservative estimates, is more than 17,000 years.
A multiple independent examination has established that the Achinsk wand is one of the oldest calendars discovered to date, in which the basis of the reckoning is the position of the Sun and the Moon.
Also, based on a deep analysis of the find, scientists concluded that our ancestors, who lived 18,000 years ago on the territory of modern Siberia, had a perfect lunisolar calendar long before the formation of the Sumerian, Egyptian, Hindu and Chinese civilizations!
Thus, all this indicates that the ancient inhabitants of Siberia already in the Stone Age not only possessed knowledge of astronomy, mathematics and other related sciences, but also possessed unique tools for this.
And if we take into account the position of official historiography, then you will agree that it is a rather strange occupation for semi-wild people of the Upper Paleolithic era, moreover, living in the territory that at that time was covered by a glacier.
The Phaistos Disc: An Antique Mystery or a Skillful Forgery?
The most important encrypted message of the ancient culture of the island of Crete was the Phaistos Disc, a clay product found in the city of Phaistos in 1903. Both sides of it are covered with signs applied in a spiral. The disc did not have a perfectly regular shape, its diameter was 15.8-16.5 centimeters, and its thickness ranged from 1.6 to 2.1 centimeters. It was formed without the help of a potter's wheel and covered on both sides with pictorial signs following each other in a spiral and grouped with closed cells, and dates from approximately the Middle Minoan period III, that is, between 1700 and 1550 BC. e. The signs (at least most of them) were stamped with special stamps, forty-five in all. They represent distinct figures of man and animals, their heads. fish and birds, plants, buildings, ship and tools. Nothing like it has ever been found in Crete (that's why there was a version that it was a fake). No sooner had the disk been cleaned of dirt than scientists around the world began to argue about its origin, decryption and purpose.
Most researchers are inclined to believe that the Phaistos disc is not an artifact of Cretan origin. As evidence, they cite facts that cannot be ignored. Scientists say that the type of clay from which the Phaistos disc is made is not found in Crete. Another argument in favor of this theory was the appearance of the signs, which, according to researchers, are not similar to any script that was common in Crete at that time. The images on the disk also seemed to scientists atypical for the Cretan tradition.
There were also many attempts to decipher the meaning of the text, but, unfortunately, none of them is officially accepted in the scientific world.
Be that as it may, in reality, but today the mysterious monument of the letter is kept in the museum of the city of Heraklion and is still waiting for someone who can unravel its secret.
Chronicle of Ur Linda. Ancient history of Europe
“Ura-Linda” was discovered at the beginning of the 19th century and represented the allegedly ancient history of the Germans (Frisians), going back centuries for many millennia. It was written in a special runic script and contained plots of pre-Christian mythology and the sacred history of the Germans.
Many scientists immediately regarded “Ura-Linda” as an outright fake, dating back to the era of the Dutch Renaissance, when some encyclopedist transferred the mythological and geographical knowledge of his era to distant times and recreated a pseudo-mythological picture. Supporters of the authenticity of “Ura-Linda” were recognized as outcasts, charlatans and were ridiculed. However, supporters of the authenticity of the book were inclined to believe that we are dealing with a very ancient version of the mythological pre-Christian tradition, processed and stylized much later. Hermann Wirth, a connoisseur of hundreds of ancient and modern languages, archaeologist, linguist and historian, did a tremendous job of analyzing this monument and separating different layers in it - the most ancient, later and very recent. The result of its reconstruction was the publication of "Ura-Linda" with detailed comments. It was she who made Wirth an outcast among official historians, who believed that the mere doubt of the complete falsity of "Hurrah-Linda" automatically discredits the author. For this reason, the other and most basic works of Hermann Wirth, “The Origin of Mankind” and “The Sacred Proto-Language of Mankind,” which contain his runological theory and do not mention “Ura-Linda” at all, were ignored by the general scientific community.
At one time, Hitler devoted a lot of attention to the mystery of "Hurrah Linda". Although, however, the authenticity of the manuscript for the Fuhrer was beyond doubt. The text itself, translations and commentaries to it were published in huge editions in the Reich. But how! Evidence of the deep antiquity of the German race! .. But it was precisely this interest of the Nazis in the controversial manuscript that subsequently played a cruel joke on it, so that now few people take it seriously.
Riddle of the "Veles Book"
"Vlesovaya book", they call texts written on 35 birch planks and reflecting the history of Russia for a millennium and a half, starting from about 650 "BC. Found it in 1919 by Colonel Izenbek in the estate of the princes Kurakins near Orel. Planks, strongly "Destroyed by time and worms, they lay in disarray on the floor of the library. Many were crushed by soldiers' boots. Isenbek, who was interested in archeology, collected the tablets and never parted with them. After the end of the civil war, the tablets ended up in Brussels. Having learned about them, the writer Yu. Mirolyubiv discovered that that the text of the chronicle was written in a completely unknown Old Slavonic language. It took 15 years to copy and decipher. After the death of Isenbek in 1943, the tablets disappeared. Only their photographic copies remained.
Some scholars consider the Book of Vlesova a fake, while such well-known experts in ancient Russian history as A. Artsikhovsky consider it quite likely that the Book of Vlesova reflects the true past of the Slavs.
Information from the Vlesovaya Book about the ancient wanderings of our ancestors across the expanses of Eurasia makes it possible to understand many references to the mysterious Rus from Middle Eastern and ancient sources. If we consider our ancestors to be the original steppe people, then we must recognize the centuries-old participation of the Rus in all the decisive events of those times. When we read in ancient sources about the great campaigns of the mysterious Cimmerians, and then the Scythians to the Middle East, Africa, South, Central and Western Europe, and Scandinavia, we can hope to find among these "Cimmerians" and "Scythians" our direct ancestors.
The previously unknown system of mythology, revealed in the "Vlesovaya book" is original. The universe, according to the ancient Rus, was divided into three parts: Reality is the visible, real world. Nav is the other world, unreal, posthumous, and Rule is the world of laws that govern everything in the world ...
What was the purpose of "Vlesovaya knigi"? This is not a chronicle, not a chronicle in our understanding, but a collection of pagan sermons that were read to the people, obviously, during divine services. They were listened to and remembered by heart, for the veneration of ancestors was part of a religious cult. The deeds of the ancestors, that is, history, thus became a universal, national property, a tradition passed down from generation to generation.
The language of the Vlesovaya Book is not fully understood, and there are some words and phrases that are completely unknown, which, of course, complicates the work of researchers. It also interferes with the fact that in some places the text of the tablets was pretty damaged. But on the whole, "Vlesov's book" gives a rather unexpected picture of Russian paganism. The study of the material contained in it will give us a clearer idea of the history of Ancient Rus' in the pre-Rurik period.
So what is the "Book of Veles" - an ancient Russian pagan Bible, a masterpiece of a thousand-year-old pre-Christian culture, or a skillfully made fake?
The dispute continues...
There are also a number of texts that remain a mystery even to scholars. Some - due to their intentional confusion by the authors, and some - due to the fact that they are written in "dead" languages that are no longer understandable to contemporaries. It is about them that will be discussed below.
Easter Island Letters
Rongo-rongo is the name given to wooden boards with hieroglyphic writings from the inhabitants of Easter Island. Hieroglyphs with figurines of frogs, stars, spirals, turtles, lizards, and a winged man are carved on the shiny surface of toromiro wood. In total, 14 thousand hieroglyphs were found on the tablets. The number of images on them is different everywhere, from 2 to 2300. A calendar is presumably carved on one plate.
Most of the tablets mysteriously disappeared after 1864.
The famous traveler Nikolai Miklukho-Maclay was interested in the letters of Easter Island. He managed to find two tables, which are now in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences. To date, only 25 tablets have been preserved in museums around the world. Counting from 1868, when the Tahitian Bishop Tepano Jaussen, who was the first to become interested in reading the tablets, received a fragment of one of them, almost 140 years have passed. And the scientists of the world still cannot read what is written on the "mysterious pieces of wood."
In Santiago, in the Museum of Natural History, lies the Santiago Rod, which used to be with the leader of Easter Island until 1870. The wand also has hieroglyphs and icons. The wand looks like a wooden scepter with 2300 hieroglyphs carved, 6.5 cm thick and 126 cm long.
All text on the wand is divided by vertical lines into unequal sections. On the right side, a phallic sign is carved, which is called a suffix. There is an assumption that the scepter is written about the creation of the world with male and female principles.
Quipu - the mysterious knot script of the Incas
Kipu is still one of the most mysterious and unsolved ancient scripts, which scientists from many countries of the world are still arguing about. Kipu consisted of more than one and a half thousand characters. It was a complex rope plexus and knots made of camel wool or cotton. Each knot of a certain color meant a word, a number, or perhaps a note.
But we still do not fully know their true purpose, wandering in conjecture. The saying of one of the Great Incas, Pachacutec, has survived to this day - "He who, not knowing how to count knots, thinks that he can count the stars, is worthy of ridicule."
This knowledge has always been secret - about the time of the Inca Empire, quipu was read and written by special people, masters, who were called kipukamayoki. They translated the knots into their counting system, thus providing the basis for the famous Inca statistics, vital for the centralized distribution of food and clothing throughout the vast territory of the empire. Kipumajoki masters, according to the testimony of the Spaniards, could read these "notes" almost instantly, their fingers, like automata, silently glided over the knots, giving rise to numbers and messages.
But quipu were probably multifunctional - in addition to statistics, quipu could also store some historical information about the Incas.
Was the quipu universal? What could be written with the quipu? So already in our time, a kippah weighing six (!!!) kilograms was found in one of the temples. If this is conditionally translated into a conventional paper system for storing information, then this will be a huge multi-volume encyclopedia.
But the question arises - why this convenient system had no analogues in the world. Europeans found something similar only on some islands of Polynesia, but even there it was brought from across the ocean, it is quite possible that from the same Peru centuries ago.
The mysterious disappearance of the masters is also incomprehensible - after all, many relatives of the Great Inca and their descendants, who were part of the court of the Spanish viceroy of Peru, left detailed descriptions of many household items and the mythology of the empire, but not detailed information about the quipu. Like it was taboo.
What is a quipu - statistics, an encyclopedia, encrypted secrets, or all together? What else can hide these mysterious nodules?
Did quipu exist before the Incas and who invented them?
Voynich Manuscript
There is another interesting group of non-deciphered alphabets, which are not related to deep antiquity, but are later hoaxes. The most famous is the manuscript, acquired in 1912 by the Lithuanian collector of antiquities Wilfrid Voynich from the Jesuits. The 240-page parchment manuscript contains numerous illustrations and text written in an alphabet that has never been used anywhere else. Assuming that he was dealing with an ordinary medieval cipher, Voynich sent copies to the best cryptologists. A century has passed, but only one thing has been established with certainty: the text of the manuscript is not encrypted at all. It's just written in an unknown language.
Modern graphology, statistical analysis and radioisotope dating methods have made it possible to learn a lot. It has been proven that the manuscript is not a fake, that it appeared in the 15th century in northern Italy, that the book from beginning to end came from the pen of one person who was fluent in the language in which it was written. It was even determined that this language is not European in its structure - in many respects it is similar to the East Asian languages (Chinese, Tibetan, Manchu), but at the same time it has features inherent in the Semitic family. The alphabet is also amazing, not revealing kinship with any other. The text does not contain numbers and anything similar to numbers, there are no punctuation marks. In total, over a hundred letters are used, of which 30 occur constantly and, obviously, convey sounds, and a few dozen more come across two or three times in the entire manuscript, but are used as part of words in the same way as others. There is no language that has thirty common sounds and three times as many very rare ones.
Do not add clarity and illustrations. At first glance, the manuscript is a typical 15th-century “desk reference book” for a herbalist, physician, astrologer, and alchemist. Its pages are covered with images of plants and constellations, drawings, diagrams, graphs. But only some of the plants were difficult to identify, while most of the drawings baffled botanists.
These plants are either fictitious or "composite" (for example, the flower is taken from one plant, the stem from another, and the leaves from a third). And many of the constellations depicted in the manuscript cannot be seen in our sky. The only recognizable symbols in the manuscript (apart from drawings of naked women) are the signs of the Zodiac, exactly as they were depicted in Europe in the 15th-16th centuries. Only now the year, according to the author, lasts 360, not 365 days. What kind of astrology can we talk about if another calendar is used?
The Voynich manuscript has no rational explanation. It can be assumed that a certain native of Asia, who belonged to a tribe that did not have a written language and has not survived to this day (therefore, his language is not listed either among the living or among the dead), came to Europe and many years later wrote a reference book with the help of an alphabet specially invented for this purpose. But why didn't he use the Latin alphabet? Why did he draw non-existent plants and constellations? Why did he write at all, knowing that no one would be able to read his carefully designed work? No answer.
The Serafini Code is the strangest book in the world
In addition to the Voynich manuscript, there are a number of other modern hoaxes - for example, the Rohonczy codex (a Hungarian manuscript in an unknown language that surfaced in 1838). But the most famous book of this kind is the volume of the Codex Seraphinianus. Its history is simple: in 1979, the Italian designer Luigi Serafini sent a very beautiful book to the publisher Franco Ricci - an encyclopedia of the whole world with colorful illustrations, explanations, chapters, diagrams, tables. Only now Ricci did not understand a single word in the book.
In 1981, the book came out - mostly as a beautiful art album. The problem is that the language in which the codex is written (and there are signatures on each of its 360 pages, plus there are no illustrations at all on many illustrations, only encyclopedic articles), is unknown to anyone except, apparently, Serafini. Cryptologists have identified many patterns in the cipher, disassembled the alphabet piece by piece, but the text is still incomprehensible, and the author is silent (however, he promised to explain everything in his will). True, a few years ago, cryptologists coped with page numbers and the Serafini number system - it is inhumanly complex, logarithmic, but still with its own logic. And therefore there is hope for deciphering the entire text.
Code" consists of 11 chapters, divided in turn into 2 sections: the first - about the natural world, flora, fauna, physics and mechanics; the second is dedicated to people, architecture, writing, food, clothing, games and entertainment.
The word "SERAPHINIANUS" itself stands for "Strange and Extraordinary Representations of Animals and Plants and Hellish Incarnations of Normal Items from the Annals of Naturalist / Unnaturalist Luigi Serafini", that is, "Strange and unusual representations of animals, plants and hellish incarnations from the depths of consciousness naturalist/anti-naturalist Luigi Serafini.
Luigi created an encyclopedia of the imaginary world following the example of medieval scientific codes: each page depicts in detail a certain object, action or phenomenon. Almost all of the drawings are brightly colored and rich in detail. The book is rightfully considered the strangest literary anomaly in the history of the twentieth century. "Code Serafini" is a crazy study of an alien world, a collection of hallucinations, dreams, visions and surreal images in a synthesis with incomprehensible text and transcendent illustrations.
