What a fairy tale! And meanwhile this folk genre is divided into several more groups, one of which contains sayings and boring tales. This is comic folklore for children. A fairy tale is not for the sake of a fairy tale, but for the sake of fun. Short, without the main action and completion, these works folk art created to make laugh, confuse the little listener. An unexpected deception is revealed after the first two lines of the tale, numerous repetitions, and now the children have a cry of discontent or a cheerful laugh. Yep, blew it!
Boring Tales
Boring tales can be put on the same level as nursery rhymes and jokes. With these short fairy tales, according to V. Propp, the narrator wanted to calm the children who endlessly asked to tell fairy tales. And unsurprisingly boring tales are short and at the same time endless: "... start reading from the beginning ...".
Often this is a funny short story that wipes away the tears of resentment in the eyes of the child from the fact that they don’t want to tell him a fairy tale. Children quickly memorize boring tales and repeat them with pleasure.
In some kingdom
In some state
Once upon a time there was a king, the king had a garden,
There was a pond in the garden, there was cancer in the ponds...
Whoever listened is an idiot.
Do you want a fox story? She is in the forest.
It's summer outside, under the window is a shop,
In the dace shop - the end of the fairy tale!
Once upon a time there was an old man, the old man had a well, and in that well there was a dace; here is the end of the story.
There was a king Dodon.
He built a bone house.
Scored from all over the kingdom of bones.
They began to wet - soaked,
They began to dry - the bones dried up.
Wet again.
And when they get wet - then I'll tell you!
There was a king, the king had a court,
There was a stake in the yard, a bast on the stake;
not to tell the tale first?
The crucian swam and swam near the dam ...
My story has already begun.
The crucian swam and swam at the dam ...
The story is half told.
I would have caught you by the tail of a carp ...
Yes, it's a pity that the whole story has been told
I'll tell you a story about white bull... That's the whole fairy tale!
- Tell!
You say: tell me, I say: tell me...
- Shall I tell you a boring tale?
-No need.
You say don't, I say don't...
- Shall I tell you a boring tale? (and so on)
Tell a story about a goose?
- Tell.
- And she's already gone.
Tell a story about a duck?
- Tell.
- And she went to the booth.
Sayings
Saying- she is a fable among the people, a saying - is repeated in many fairy tales, and follows before the beginning of the main narrative. Often the saying is not connected with the main text of the tale. She, as it were, anticipates, prepares the listeners, opens a window into the world of fairy-tale action. Russian proverb is easy to learn. These are 2-3 sentences repeated in many fairy tales. "They lived, were ...", etc.
Sometimes folk saying becomes a household name and at the same time it is located in the main narrative: "Sivka burka is a prophetic kaurka", "elbow-deep in gold, knee-deep in silver", "... turn your front to me, back to the forest."
Surprisingly, a saying can also be located at the end of a fairy tale. Then she completes the story and the child, listening or reading, understands that the plot of the story is invented "... and I was there, drinking beer honey ...", "... it flowed down his mustache, it didn’t get into his mouth ..". Often these last lines make the kids laugh: "... blue caftan, but it seemed to me to throw off the caftan ...". Sometimes the tale ends with a proverb and sums up or reveals the moral of the tale.
Sayings
The tale starts from the beginning, reads to the end, does not interrupt the middle.
Chur, do not interrupt my fairy tale; and whoever kills her will not live for three days (a snake will crawl into his throat).
On the ocean, on the island of Buyan.
This is a saying - not a fairy tale, a fairy tale will come.
Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done.
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state.
In the thirtieth kingdom.
For distant lands, in the thirtieth state.
Under the dark forests, under the walking clouds, under the frequent stars, under the red sun.
Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka, stand in front of me like a leaf in front of grass!
A frying pan from the nostrils, steam (smoke) from the ears.
It breathes fire, it blazes with fire.
The tail covers the trail, lets valleys and mountains between the legs.
With a valiant whistle, a column of dust.
The horse beats with a hoof, gnaws at the bit.
Quieter than water, lower than grass. You can hear the grass growing.
It grows by leaps and bounds, like wheat dough on dough sour.
The moon was bright on the forehead, stars were frequent in the back of the head.
The horse is running, the earth is trembling, the frying pan is bursting from the ears, the smoke is pouring out of the nostrils (or: the frying pan from the nostrils, the smoke from the nostrils).
Elbow-deep in red gold, knee-deep in pure silver.
It is clothed with heaven, girded with dawns, fastened with stars.
The duck quacked, the shores tinkled, the sea shook, the water stirred.
Hut, hut on chicken legs, turn your back to the forest, your front to me!
Stand, white birch, behind me, and the red maiden is in front!
Stand before me like a leaf before grass!
Clear, clear in the sky, freeze, freeze, wolf tail.
Not in words (not in a fairy tale) to say, not to describe with a pen.
A word is not thrown out of a fairy tale (from a song).
Not for reality and a fairy tale chases.
The tit bird flew to distant lands, to si: the sea-okian, to the kingdom of thirty, to the distant state.
The shores are jelly, the rivers are satisfying (milk).
On a field-clearing, on a high mound.
In an open field, in a wide expanse, behind dark forests, behind green meadows, behind fast rivers, steep banks.
Under a bright moon, under white clouds, and frequent stars, etc.
On the sea, on the ocean, on an island on a buoy, there is a baked bull: crushed garlic in the back, cut it from one side, and eat it from the other.
On the sea, on the ocean, on the island on the buoy lies the white combustible stone alatyr.
Is it close, is it far, is it low, is it high.
Not a gray eagle, not a clear falcon rises ...
Not a white (gray) swan swam out ...
Not white snows in the open field turned white... |
The dense forests are not black, they turn black ...
What is not dust, the field rises ...
It’s not a gray-gray fog from the expanse that toils ...
He whistled, barked, with a valiant whistle, a heroic cry.
You will go to the right (along the road) - you will lose your horse; to the left you will go to live not to be.
Until now, the Russian spirit has never been heard of, has not been seen in sight, but now the Russian spirit is in the eye.
They took them for white hands, they sat them at white-oak tables, for tablecloths, for sugar dishes, for honey drinks.
Miracle Yudo, Mosalskaya lip.
To get dead and living water.
baba yaga, bone leg, rides in a mortar, rests with a pestle, sweeps the trail with a broom.
I was there, drinking beer; beer flowed down his mustache, but it didn’t get into his mouth.
They began to live to live, and now they live, they chew bread.
They began to live to live, to gain mind, and dashing to get rid of.
I myself was there, I drank honey and beer, it flowed down my mustache, it didn’t hit, my soul became drunk and satisfying.
Here's a fairy tale for you, and I knit bagels.
Once upon a time there was a king of oats, he took away all the fairy tales.
I was there, slurping an ear together, flowing down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth.
He began to live in the old way, dashing not to know.
Beluzhins served - remained without supper.
He began to live and visit, to chew bread.
When it fills (doskachet, live), then I will say more, but for now there is no urine.
I was at that feast, I drank honey-wine, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth; here they treated me: they took away the pelvis from the bull and poured milk; then they gave a roll, helping in the same pelvis. I didn’t drink, I didn’t eat, I decided to wipe myself off, they began to fight with me; I put on a cap, they began to push in the neck!
I dined there. he drank honey, and what cabbage was - now the company is empty.
Here's a fairy tale for you, and a bunch of bagels for me.
Sayings and boring tales for children are very interesting. They not only occupy the child, but also allow you to train your memory, develop your imagination, but also make the world of childhood wider and more interesting.
Once upon a time there was a king of oats, he took away all the fairy tales.
Neither in words (Nor in a fairy tale) to say, nor to write with a pen.
Fiction in faces.
From a fairy tale (From a song) the word is not thrown out.
Not for reality and a fairy tale chases.
A fairy tale starts from the beginning, reads to the end, does not interrupt in the middle.
Do not interrupt my fairy tale; and whoever kills her will not live for three days (a snake will crawl into his throat).
Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done.
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state. In the thirtieth kingdom. For distant lands, in the thirtieth state.
The tit bird flew to distant lands, beyond the blue sea-okian, to the kingdom of thirty, to the distant state.
On the sea, on the ocean, on an island on a buoy, there is a baked bull: crushed garlic in the back, cut it from one side, and eat it from the other.
On the sea, on the ocean, on the island on the buoy lies the white-combustible stone alatyr.
The shores are jelly, the rivers are satisfying (milk).
On a field-clearing, on a high mound.
In an open field, in a wide expanse, behind dark forests, behind green meadows, behind fast rivers, behind steep banks.
Under a bright moon, under white clouds, under frequent stars, etc.
Is it close, is it far, is it low, is it high.
Not a gray eagle, not a clear falcon rises ...
Not a white (gray) swan swam out ...
Not white snow in an open field turned white ...
The dense forests are not black, they turn black ... That it is not dust that rises in the field. It's not a dove-gray fog rising from the expanse ...
He whistled, barked, with a valiant whistle, a heroic cry.
You will go to the right (along the road) - you will lose your horse; you go to the left - you yourself will not live.
Until now, the Russian spirit has never been heard of, has not been seen in sight, but now the Russian spirit is in the eye.
They took them for white hands, they sat them at white-oak tables, for tablecloths, for sugar dishes, for honey drinks.
Miracle Yudo, Mosalskaya lip.
To get dead and living water.
Sprinkle with dead water - the flesh and meat grow together, sprinkle with living water - the dead comes to life.
The pig is a golden bristle.
The Little Humpbacked Horse.
Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka.
Dragon.
Tom Thumb.
Snow Maiden girl.
Snow Maiden girl.
Sword-hoarder.
Kalena arrow.
Tight onion.
The spear is damask, Murzametsky.
Seven spans in the forehead.
An arrow is placed between the eyes of the kalena.
Baba Yaga, a bone leg, rides in a mortar, rests with a pestle, sweeps the trail with a broom.
Gusli-samogudy: they wind themselves up, play themselves, dance themselves, sing songs themselves.
Invisible hat.
Self-propelled boots.
Tablecloth-bakery.
Suma, let me drink and eat.
Airplane carpet, etc.
Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka, stand in front of me like a leaf in front of grass!
A frying pan from the nostrils, steam (smoke) from the ears.
It breathes fire, it blazes with fire.
The tail covers the trail, lets valleys and mountains between the legs.
With a valiant whistle, a column of dust.
Sprays (trace) are valiant, excavate (clods from under the hooves) are heroic.
The horse beats with a hoof, gnaws at the bit.
Quieter than water, lower than grass. You can hear the grass growing.
It grows by leaps and bounds, like wheat dough on dough sour.
The moon was bright on the forehead, stars were frequent in the back of the head.
The horse is lying, the earth is trembling, the frying pan is bursting from the ears, the smoke from the nostrils is a pillar (or: the frying pan from the nostrils, the smoke from the nostrils).
Out of grace, he reaches grass-ant with a hoof.
Elbow-deep in red gold, knee-deep in pure silver.
Under the dark forests, under the walking clouds, under the frequent stars, under the red sun.
Clothed with heaven, girded with dawns, fastened with stars.
The duck quacked, the shores tinkled, the sea shook, the water stirred.
Hut, hut on chicken legs, turn your back to the forest, your front to me!
Stand, white birch, behind me, and the red maiden is in front!
Stand before me like a leaf before grass!
Clear, clear in the sky, freeze, freeze, wolf tail!
I myself was there, I drank honey and beer, it flowed down my mustache, it didn’t get into my mouth, my soul became drunk and satisfying.
Here's a fairy tale for you, and I knit bagels.
Understand the content, diction, orthoepic and logical features of sayings and fairy tales. Determine your attitude towards what is being said.
Sayings
Not white swans fly across the sky, Russian people tell fairy tales. A fairy tale is a true story - not a true story, and not a lie.
Believe her, do not believe, but listen listen to the end. The end is the crown of the whole thing.
We have fairy tales that a flock of birds, but not one of them is empty. Whoever understands the hint will leave with the booty, we have heard our fairy tale. Good is all to live and grow, and evil to sweep away from the earth.
Our fairy tale begins from the truth, grows on fiction, reaps it with jokes, blows jokes, sells it to a storyteller for an affectionate word.
Yes, it’s not a fairy tale yet, but a saying, and a fairy tale will be ahead.
On the sea, on the ocean, on the island of Buyan, there is a tree - golden domes. A bayun cat walks along this tree: it goes up - it starts a song, it goes down - it tells fairy tales. Tales are told in the morning after dinner, after eating soft bread. This is not yet a fairy tale, but a saying, and the whole fairy tale will be ahead.
We ask now, honest gentlemen, to listen to our fairy tale. Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done.
Begins, begins good fairy tale. A good story is not from a sivka, not from a cloak, not from a prophetic kaurka, not from a valiant whistle, not from a woman's cry.
This is not a fairy tale, but a saying, a fairy tale will be ahead.
Once upon a time there was a crane with a crane, they put a stack of hay - can't you say again from the end?
Here's a fairy tale for you, and for me - knitting bagels.
The story begins
From Ivan's leprosy,
And from Sivka, and from Burka,
And from the prophetic kaurka.
The goats have gone to the sea;
The mountains are overgrown with forest;
The horse from the golden bridle broke,
Rising straight to the sun;
Forest standing under the foot
On the side are thunder clouds;
The cloud moves and sparkles
Thunder scatters across the sky.
This is a saying: wait,
The story is ahead.
P. Ershov.
Fairy tales Three sons-in-law.
An old man lived with an old woman. And they had three daughters. Three daughters, three intelligent women, three beauties - neither in a fairy tale can be said, nor described with a pen.
Once an old man was driving with firewood from the forest. And the night was dark. The horse walks, stumbles, hurts itself on the stump-deck. She wandered, she wandered, and she became completely. The old man is this way and that, but it turns out in no way - it is necessary to spend the night in the forest.
Eh, - says the old man, - if the bright moon looked out, I would eldest daughter gave!
He just said, and Month Mesyatsovich looked out, illuminating everything around. The old man went quickly, drove home well.
Here the eldest daughter got dressed, dressed up, went out onto the porch - Month Mesyatsovich took her to him.
How long, how short, in the white winter, in the blue snows, the old man rode from the fair. His clothes are thin - zipunishko and paws, his hat is torn. Frozen, cold, teeth chatter, bones crackle.
Eh, - he says, - if the Sun came out, I would give him my middle daughter!
He just said, and the sun came out. Warmed the old man, melted the snow. The old man went quickly, drove home well.
So the middle daughter got dressed, dressed up, went out onto the porch - her Sunshine took her into her mansions.
How long, how short, in the warm summer, the old man went to fish. I caught a full boat of fish: ide, crucian carp, and brush. I just wanted to return home, but the wind died down. Here the sailboat hung, like a rag.
An old man is sitting in a boat, grieving: there are plenty of fish, but there is nothing to eat, water is all around, but there is nothing to drink.
Eh, - he says, - if only the Wind-breeze blew into my sailboat, I would give him my youngest daughter!
He just said, and how the wind-breeze will blow! The sailboat ruffled - dragged the old man to the bank.
So the youngest daughter got dressed, dressed up, went out onto the porch - her Wind-breeze took her into his mansions.
Here a year has passed, old man and says:
And what, old woman, I’ll go and see my eldest daughter. Is it good for her to age for centuries at the Month.
Go, father, go and bring down the gifts!
The woman baked pies and pancakes. The old man took the gifts and went on his way. He walks, wanders, stops: after all, the path is not close to the Moon. Walked, walked, came late at night.
My daughter met him and was delighted. And the old man to her:
Oh-oh-oh, sickly! Long way to you, daughter. Shel-brel, tired all the bones.
Nothing, - the daughter says, - now you will go to the steam bath, you will steam out the bones - everything will pass.
What are you, what are you, daughter! Night in the yard - it's dark in the bath.
Nothing, father.
So they took the old man to the bath. And Month Mesyatsovich stuck his finger through the crack - he lit up the whole bathhouse.
Is it light for you, father?
Light, light, son-in-law.
The old man took a steam bath, stayed with his daughter and went home. He walks, wanders, stops: after all, the way home is not close. Walked, walked, came late at night.
Well, - says, - the old woman, drown the bath. And then I walked and wandered, tired all the bones.
What are you, old man! Night in the yard - it's dark in the bath.
Nothing, he says, it will be light.
The old woman went to the bathhouse, and the old man stuck his finger into the slot:
Is it light for you, old woman?
What light - dark - dark!
Yes, how grandmother stumbled, she beat the tubs, shed water, barely alive jumped out. And the old man keeps his finger in the crack.
Another year has passed. The old man began to gather for his second daughter.
I'll go, old woman, I'll visit my middle daughter. Is it good for her to age with the Sun.
Go, father, go.
So the old man is on his way. He walks, wanders, stops: the path to the Sun is not close. Walked, walked, came late at night. My daughter met him and was delighted. And the old man to her:
Oh oh oh! - he says, - the path to you is long, daughter! Shel-brel, he wanted to eat.
Nothing, - says, - father. Now I'm going to bake pancakes.
What are you, what are you, daughter! Night in the yard is not the time to heat the oven.
And we don't even have a stove in the hut.
The hostess dissolved the dough. The village of Solnyshko is in the middle of the hut, and his wife pours dough on his head and gives pancakes to the old man - good, ruddy and buttery.
The old man ate, got drunk and fell asleep.
Went home in the morning. He walks, wanders, stops: the path home is not close. Walked, walked, came late at night.
Well, - says, - the old woman! I walked, wandered, I wanted to eat. Let's bake pancakes.
What are you, old man, in your mind? Night in the yard is not the time to heat the stove.
And we don’t need an oven in the hut. You know, make the dough, and I'll bake.
The old woman dissolved the dough. The old man sat down in the middle of the hut.
Lei, - he says, - on my bald head.
What are you, old man, are you sick?
Know Lei! - speaks.
The old woman poured him dough for his bald head. What happened here, what was done here! .. For three days the old man was washed in the bathhouse, washed by force.
Well, a year has passed. The old man became younger daughter going to.
I'll go, old woman, youngest daughter I will visit. Is it good for her to age with the Wind.
Go, go, dad.
The old man went. He walks, wanders, stops, bypasses the wide river. Directly across the river the way is close, and around it is far to go.
Well, it arrived. Daughter and son-in-law were delighted. The old man stayed with them, celebrated and went home. And the daughter and son-in-law went to see off.
Here we come to the river. The old man says:
I'll go around.
And his son-in-law:
Why bypass? Swim across the river - it will be closer here.
But how to swim? There are no boats.
Don't worry, father. Throw a handkerchief into the water, wife!
The old man's daughter threw her handkerchief into the water. The wind blew him up. The old man sat down, and the Wind immediately sent him to the other side.
Thank you, breeze-in-law.
Only the old man made his way to the house, didn’t eat, didn’t drink, didn’t sit down, says:
Let's go, old woman, I'll ride to the sea.
Let's go to the sea, and the boat is flowing.
Here, - the old woman says, - and ride.
Don't worry, wife. Throw a handkerchief on the sea!
What are you, in your mind? The scarf is expensive, embroidered with wool.
Throw it, I say, it will not be lost! The old woman threw a handkerchief.
Jump! says the old man.
The old woman jumped, and the old man let's blow. He blew, blew - and the old woman was already knee-deep in water. The old man blew, the old man blew - and the neighbors had already dragged the old woman out of the water a little alive.
From that time on, the old man gave up visiting his sons-in-law. Grandfather lies on the stove, sews boots, eats pies and tells fairy tales.
Fairy tales are something that helps not only to develop a child's imagination, but also to expand it. inner world to make it bright, exciting and full of adventure. Thanks to them, kids learn the concepts of good and evil, acquire the desire to become like their favorite hero.
Each story is usually preceded by proverbs. They are also present in Pushkin's works.
The concept of saying
Since fairy tales relate to something, the approach to their story should be appropriate. In order for the child to pay attention to the narrator, he must be intrigued and interested. That is why Russian storytellers used the so-called proverbs that precede the beginning of history.
The introduction to the tale is not related to its content, but at the same time explains where or with whom the events take place. For example, “there lived a king”, “in a certain kingdom, in a thirtieth state” and others. Also, the saying could become the end of the story, as if summing up the event or talking about the storyteller himself.
Sayings in Pushkin's fairy tales are not accidental, since he loved this view. folklore and knew from childhood thanks to his nanny - Arina Rodionovna.
Pushkin and fairy tales
The poet's tales are based on Russian folk tales which he enjoyed listening to and recording. For example, in the plot of the fairy tale about Balda, written in the Boldino estate, there is a story heard and recorded in the village of Mikhailovsky.
Not only Russian fairy tales influenced the poet's work. The content of "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" is "written off" from a legend from German folklore, and the plot "On dead princess"is similar to the work of the Brothers Grimm about Snow White.
"The Legend of the Arab Stargazer" became the impetus for the creation of "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel". Knowing how folklore works, we can conclude that sayings in Pushkin's fairy tales are not accidental.
"The Tale of the Golden Cockerel"
This instructive verse retelling of an old legend teaches children to keep a promise. Sayings in Pushkin's fairy tales, examples of which are present both at the beginning and at the end of his works, bring to them the techniques of ancient storytellers.
In the beginning, they are attracted to the plot. In "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel" the introduction is: "In distant kingdom, in the thirtieth state lived and was glorious king Dadon. This technique is accepted by most storytellers, which indicates its significance and effectiveness.
Sayings in Pushkin's fairy tales, examples of which can be found at the end of the work, are also clearly expressed in this story: "The tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, good fellows lesson".
In some sense, the "afterword" in this example is more like a conclusion after an instructive fable. In a sense, this work by Pushkin is indeed more like a valuable lesson.
"The Tale of Tsar Saltan", "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
Two introductory lines about the evening work of three sisters near the window fall into the concept of "telling" in Pushkin's fairy tales about Tsar Saltan. After that, the plot can go along any line, but the intrigue is already there, now it only needs to be developed. After such a seemingly ordinary beginning, the poet creates a truly exciting story, during which children experience an adventure and follow their heroes, who are threatened by danger, and disappointment, and fear of loss. loved one. But they still have a happy ending.
As in most folklore works, sayings in Pushkin's fairy tales at the end of the story are short and concise: “I was there, I drank honey, I drank beer,” and the end of the phrase depends on whether the narrator has a mustache or not.
The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" differs significantly from the author's fairy tales, so his introduction in this case is quite long and detailed, although it has nothing to do with the content.
Usually, sayings in Pushkin's fairy tales fit in 2-4 lines, when here this is a separate poem, better known as "At Lukomorye, the oak is green." Narrating in it about the place of events, the poet creates fascinating world that every child wants to be in.
The saying of the first and last chapters of this poem are the same words: “Deeds for a long time past days, legends of antiquity deep. Thus, Pushkin, as it were, is not an author, but only a retelling of events that occurred in ancient times and have come down to our time in the form of a legend.
In one Russian folk song sings:
He brought three pockets:
The first pocket is with pies,
The second pocket is with nuts ...
It would seem, what an absurdity: what does it mean to “bring a pocket”?
Old dictionaries indicate that once in Rus' the word " pocket” denoted a sack or bag that was attached to the outside of clothes.
Such pockets were sometimes hung on horse saddles, if necessary, they were not closed, but “ kept(revealed) wider».
Speaking these days "hold your pocket wider" we want to mock someone's overstated demands.
case tobacco
In the expression tobacco case both words are understandable, but why does their combination mean “very bad”, “hopeless”? You can understand this by looking at history. Let's do it together.
It turns out that the expression tobacco case came from the Volga barge haulers. When fording shallow bays or small tributaries of the Volga, barge haulers tied their pouches of tobacco around their necks so that they would not get wet. When the water was so high that it came up to the neck and the tobacco got wet, the barge haulers considered the transition impossible, and their position in these cases was very bad, hopeless.
smoke rocker
Smoke rocker - how is it? How can smoke be associated with a yoke on which buckets of water are carried? What does this expression mean?
Many years ago, the poor built in Rus' the so-called chicken huts without chimneys. Smoke from the mouth of the furnace poured directly into the hut and exited either through the “portage” window, or through open doors in the canopy They say: “to love warmly - and to endure smoke”, “and a kurna hut, but a heat oven”. Over time, smoke began to be removed through pipes above the roof. Depending on the weather, the smoke goes either in a “column” - straight up, or in a “drag” - spreads down, or in a “rocker” - it falls in clubs and rolls over in an arc. By the way the smoke goes, they are guessing for a bucket or bad weather, for rain or wind. They say: smoke pillar, yoke - about any human hustle and bustle, a crowded quarrel with a dump and bustle, where you can’t make out anything, where “such a sodom that the dust is a column, the smoke is a rocker, either from a task, or from a dance.”
The soul has gone to the heels
When a person is very frightened, they can develop an unusually high running speed. The ancient Greeks were the first to notice this feature.
Describing in his Iliad how the enemies were frightened by the hero Hector, who suddenly appeared on the battlefield, Homer uses the following phrase: “Everyone trembled, and all the courage went to their feet ...”
Since then the expression "the soul has gone to the heels" we use when we talk about a person who has become a coward, very scared of something.
Let's start with the fact that no word middle-of-the-road not in Russian. Easter cakes will come out of the Easter cake, Easter cakes from the Easter cake. In fact, it is not necessary to send to the middle of nowhere, but to the middle of nowhere. Then justice will prevail, and we will be able to begin to explain this truly Russian turnover.
Kuligi and kulizhki were very famous and very common words in the North of Russia. When the coniferous forest "weakens", clearings and clearings appear there. Grass, flowers and berries instantly begin to grow on them. These forest islands were called kuligs. Since pagan times, sacrifices have been made on kuligas: priests slaughtered deer, sheep, heifers, stallions, everyone ate their fill, got drunk.
When Christianity came to Rus' and it began to crowd out paganism, a peasant came to the kuliga, built a hut, began to sow rye, barley, whole village artels appeared. When life became closer, children and nephews left the old people, and sometimes so far that they stopped reaching, they lived like in the middle of nowhere
.
Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the following order existed: requests, complaints or petitions addressed to the tsar were lowered into a special box nailed to a pole near the palace in the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow.
In those days, all documents were written on paper, rolled up in the form of a scroll. These scrolls were long, and therefore the box was long, or, as they said then, long.
Petitioners who put their petition in the box had to wait a long time for an answer, bow at the feet of the boyars and clerks, bring them gifts and bribes in order to get an answer to their complaint. The associated red tape and bribes were common. That's why such an unkind fame on long years survived long box. This expression means: shamelessly drag out the case.
First of all, let us recall that this is what they say about purchasing cheap, but at the same time quite worthwhile, necessary, good. It turns out that the word angrily can be used in a "good" sense? Having rummaged in dictionaries, we find out: earlier this word really meant “expensive”, “good”. What then is the pun: "Cheap, but ... expensive"? But it can be expensive not only for the price (especially if you remember that the word angry has a common root with the word heart).
Some linguists argue that this expression arose as a contrast to the proverb: expensive, but cute - cheap, but rotten. It happens that And cheap and angry.
From pre-revolutionary courts, a lot of caustic expressions have come into our speech. Using them, we do not even think about how they happened.
You can often hear the expression " case burned out”, that is, someone has achieved his goal. Behind these words is the former blatant disgrace that was going on in judicial system. Previously, the process could stop due to the fact that the documents collected by the investigation disappeared. In this case, the guilty could not be punished, and the innocent could not be acquitted.
A similar situation is described in Gogol's story, where two friends quarreled.
The pig, which belonged to Ivan Ivanovich, runs into the courtroom and eats the complaint filed former friend her master Ivan Nikiforovich. Of course, this is just a fun fantasy. But in reality, papers often burned, and not always by accident. Then the defendant, who wanted to stop or drag out the process, remained very pleased and said to himself: “Well, my case has burned out!”
So -" case burned out”carries a reminder of those times when justice was administered not by judges, but by bribes.
In the bag
Several centuries ago, when mail in its present form did not exist, all messages were delivered by messengers on horseback. A lot of robbers then wandered along the roads, and a bag with a package could attract the attention of robbers. Therefore, important papers, or, as they used to be called, affairs, sewn under the lining of hats or caps. This is where the expression came from: case in the hat” and means that everything is fine, everything is in order. About the successful completion, the outcome of something.
Woe onion
When a person cries, it means that something happened to him. That's just the reason why tears well up in the eyes, not in all cases is associated with some kind of misfortune. When you peel or cut an onion, tears flow in a stream. And the reason for that is grief onion».
This proverb is also known in other countries, only there it is slightly modified. The Germans, for example, have the phrase "onion tears". These tears people shed over trifles.
Expression "mountain onion" also means minor troubles, much sadness because of which it is not worth it.
deaf grouse
An experienced hunter carefully approaches a black grouse carelessly sitting on a branch. The bird, unaware of anything, is busy filling itself with its intricate singing: flowing, clicking and squirting fills everything around. The black grouse will not hear how the hunter sneaks up to an acceptable distance and unloads his double-barreled shotgun.
It has long been observed that the current black grouse loses its hearing for a while. Hence the name of one of the breeds of black grouse - capercaillie.
Expression "deaf grouse" refers to gaping, sleepy, not noticing people around. Although by nature these birds are very sensitive and attentive.
Agree that sometimes we happen to see situations when the person responsible for some event can run back and forth with the words: - there is no highlight of the program! In this case, everyone understands that even he is a little to blame for this. Having returned home from any concert, we can say that the highlight of the program is folk singer or another outstanding personality who was on stage.
In a word, highlight of the program is a unique number or performance that can arouse genuine interest among the public. It is known that given phraseological unit was interpreted in many languages, but it has survived unchanged to our time.
This saying arose as a mockery and mockery of the numerous tourists who in the 19th century traveled in huge crowds to the so-called foreign places, and they did it so quickly that they did not even manage to enjoy the natural beauty and color. But in the future, they praised everything “seen” so much that everyone was only amazed.
Also in 1928 great writer Maxim Gorky in one of his speeches also used this expression, which further consolidated it in common people. Well, today it is often used in the bohemia of society, which also boasts of its knowledge of the world and numerous travels around the world.
From another source:
Ironic. Without going into details, hastily, superficially (to do something).
Compare: on hastily; on a live thread; on a living hand; with the opposite meaning: along and across.
“For travel essays, the editors are going to send another person to the track, this must be done thoroughly, and not like that, with a cavalry charge, gallop across Europe."
Y. Trifonov. "Quenching Thirst"
Lying like a gray gelding
Lying like gray gelding
- this proverb, which can often be heard among the people, is quite difficult to interpret. Agree, it is difficult to explain why the gelding, which is a representative of the animal world, was awarded such a title. And if we take into account the fact that the suit is being specified - gray gelding, then there are even more questions. Many who study this phenomenon say that everything is connected with a mistake that occurred in the memory of our people. After all, this is simply not explained by any other facts.
The well-known linguist Dahl said that for many years the word " lying"
, used today, could come from the word "rushing" as a result of the incorrect pronunciation of one of the speakers. Initially, the gray gelding boasts tremendous strength and endurance.
But at the same time, one should not forget that gray gelding nothing significantly different from bay or gray horses, which also boast endurance and quick wits. From this it follows that the masses could hardly simply exclude them from the phraseological unit and single out the gray gelding.
Today you can find one more enough interesting interpretation. It is believed that for the first time this phraseological unit originated in the memories of a man named Sivens-Mering, who had the fame of an impudent liar. There were bad rumors about him, so many said - lies like Seans-Mehring
. Maybe after years of use this option, the one that we often use today was installed.
There are other opinions that completely refute previous versions. It is said that there are other interpretations of it, such as "lazy as a gray gelding" and others. Take, for example, the well-known Gogol hero Khlestakov, who often uses the expression “ stupid as a gray gelding". This should also include the concept of "bullshit", which means nonsense and complete nonsense. In a word, phraseology has not yet been able to give a clear interpretation of the expression " lying like a gray gelding”, but this does not prevent us from using it in daily communication.
Get into a mess
manual slip
Now rope, twine, ropes are made in factories, and not so long ago it was handicraft. Entire villages were engaged in it.
In the streets there were poles with hooks, from which the ropes stretched to wooden wheels. They were rotated, running in a circle, by horses. All these devices of rope artisans were called.
It was necessary to carefully monitor so as not to catch on the tourniquet tightly coiled in the hole. If the tip of a jacket or shirt gets into weaving - goodbye clothes! It shreds its prosak, tears it up, and sometimes even maims the person himself.
V. I. Dal explains: “Prosak is the space from the spinning wheel to the sleigh, where the twine scurries and spins ..; if you get there with the end of your clothes, with your hair, you will twist it and you won’t get out; hence the proverb."
That's where the dog is buried!
As the story goes, the experienced Austrian warrior Sigismund Altensteig had a favorite dog that accompanied him on all military campaigns. It so happened that fate threw Sigismund to the Dutch lands, where he fell into a very dangerous situation. But a devoted four-legged friend quickly came to the rescue and saved the owner, sacrificing his life. To pay tribute to the dog, Altensteig arranged a solemn funeral, and decorated the grave with a monument commemorating heroic deed dogs.
But after a couple of centuries, it became very difficult to find a monument, only some locals could help tourists find it.
Then the expression " That's where the dog is buried!”, meaning “find out the truth”, “find what you are looking for”.
There is another version of the origin of this phrase. Before the final naval battle between the Persian and Greek fleets, the Greeks loaded all the children, old people and women into transport ships and sent them away from the battlefield.
The devoted dog of Xanthippus, the son of Arifron, swam over the ship and, meeting with the owner, died of exhaustion. Xanthippus, amazed by the act of the dog, erected a monument to his pet, which became the personification of devotion and courage.
Some linguists believe that the saying was invented by treasure hunters who are afraid of evil spirits that guard the treasures. To hide their true goals, they said "black dog" and dog, which meant respectively evil spirit and treasure. Based on this assumption, under the phrase " That's where the dog is buried” meant “This is where the treasure is buried.”
free will
Perhaps to some this expression seems to be complete nonsense: like " oil oily". But do not rush to conclusions, but rather listen.
Many years ago, ancient Russian appanage princes wrote in their treaties with each other: “And the boyars, and the children of the boyars, and the servants, and the peasants free will…»
For a free will, therefore, it was a right, a privilege, it meant freedom of action and deeds, it allowed to live on earth as long as it lives, and go wherever it pleases. Only free people enjoyed this freedom, as sons with fathers, brothers with brothers, nephews with uncles, and so on were considered in those days.
And there were also serfs and slaves who forever belonged to the masters. They could be pawned as a thing, sold and even killed without trial or investigation.
Simonyi: the will to the wave, the way to the walker;
Dal: free will - paradise saved, wild field, damn the swamp.
To be born in a shirt
In one of the poems of the Russian poet Koltsov there are lines:
Oh, on an unfortunate day
In the untalented hour
I'm shirtless
Born into the world...
To uninitiated people, the last two lines may seem very strange. You might think that lyrical hero regrets that in the womb he did not have time to pull on his shirt, or, to put it to everyone plain language, shirt.
Once a shirt was called not only an element of clothing, but also various films. The thin membrane under eggshell could also bear the same name.
Sometimes it happens that the head of the child, when he is born, may be covered with a film, which soon falls off. According to ancient beliefs, a child born with such a film will be happy in life. And the French even came up with a special name for it - “ happy hat».
These days, the thought that a small film on the head of a newborn will make him lucky is a smile. However, in figuratively we often use this expression when we talk about people who are lucky in something. Now the phrase is used only as a saying, and folk omen has long since sunk into oblivion.
By the way, not only in Russian there is such a proverb. Europeans also use similar expressions, for example, " be born in a cap". The English have another phrase that has the same meaning: "to be born with a silver spoon in your mouth." But it came from a different custom. The fact is that in Foggy Albion it is customary to give newborns spoons made of silver for good luck.
They don’t go to a foreign monastery with their charter
Once upon a time, the routine of the entire monastic life was determined monastic statutes. One monastery was guided by one charter, the other - by another. Moreover: in the old days, some monasteries had their own judicial charters and had the right to independently judge their people in all their sins and transgressions.
Expression: " They don’t go to a foreign monastery with their charter"This is used in a figurative sense in the sense that one must obey the established rules, customs in society, at home, and not establish one's own.
Balbeshka Stoerosovaya
So they say about a stupid, stupid person.
“Excuse me, why did I say such a stupid, awkward thing to you, it jumped off my tongue, I don’t know myself, I’m a fool, a dumbass stolerosovy” (Yu. Bondarev).
Burnt theater artist
About a person whose real abilities or capabilities do not correspond to their supposed level.
“Death is the same for everyone, it is the same for everyone, and no one can be freed from it. And while she, death, lies in wait for you in an unknown place, with inevitable torment, and there is fear from it in you, you are not a hero and not a god, just an artist from a burnt theater, amusing himself and bloated listeners.
(V. Astafiev).
This idiom (set phrase) is intended to evaluate non-professionals. A couple of centuries ago, the profession of a theater actor was, to put it mildly, not prestigious.
Hence the disdain that comes through in the phrase: firstly, an actor, and secondly, without a theater. In other words, the circus left, but the clowns stayed.
Because the burned theater is not the theater that was destroyed by the fire, but the one that went bankrupt due to the inept play of the actors.
Appetite comes with eating
About the increase in someone's needs as they are satisfied.
The expression came into use after it was used French writer F. Rabelais (1494-1553) in his novel "Gargantua and Pantagruel" (1532).
Guardian angel
According to religious beliefs a creature that is the protector of a person.
“He prayed every time until he felt on his forehead, as it were, someone's fresh touch; this, he thought then, is the guardian angel accepting me ”(I. Turgenev).
About a person showing to someone constant attention and care.
beat with a forehead
Ancient antiquity emanates from this primordially Russian expression. And it went from Moscow palace customs. The boyars closest to the tsar used to gather in the "front" of the Kremlin Palace early in the morning and after dinner at vespers. Seeing the king, they began to bow, touching the floor with their foreheads. And others did it with such zeal that even tapping was heard: evaluate, they say, sovereign, our love and zeal.
Fresh legend, but hard to believe.
As he was famous for, whose neck bent more often;
As not in the war, but in the world they took it with their foreheads -
Knocked on the floor without regret!
A. Griboedov, "Woe from Wit"
Thus, beat with a forehead means first of all bow”, Well, its second meaning is “ask for something”, “complain”, “thank”.
“Oriental splendor reigned at the Court of our kings, who, following the Asiatic custom, forced the ambassadors to make speeches only on their knees and fall to the ground before the throne, from which the common expression then came: I strike with my forehead.”
The evidence given at the same time of the existence of the earthly bow refers no earlier than to XVI century, since only Ivan the Terrible in 1547 was the first to accept the permanent title of "tsar" in Moscow. It turns out that the history of the phrase "beat with a forehead" began twice. At first, they were literally beaten with a forehead, admitting their guilt, and with the introduction of Christianity, they worshiped the Lord God. Then they “beat with their foreheads” in words, complaining, thanking and greeting, and, finally, they introduced the custom of bowing to the ground to the sovereign at court, which was also called “strike with their foreheads”.
Then, in the first case, the expression meant not “bow to the earth”, but “bow from the waist”, in the form when, when asking for forgiveness in parochial disputes, the offender, standing on the bottom step of the porch, bowed to his master from the waist. At the same time, the strong one stood on the top step. The waist bow, thus, was accompanied by a petition, a knock of the forehead on the steps.
Rake heat with the wrong hands
This means: enjoy the results of someone else's work.
And what kind of heat are we talking about?
Heat is burning coals. And, by the way, raking them out of the oven was not at all an easy task for the hostess: it would be easier and easier for her to do it “by someone else's hands”.
In the common people there is also a rougher version:
"Ride someone else's dick to paradise."
Beat the thumbs
To beat the buckets - to mess around.
What is buckets ? Surely the word must have its own meaning?
Yes, sure. When in Rus' they slurped cabbage soup and ate porridge with wooden spoons, tens of thousands of handicraftsmen beat the buckets , that is, they pricked linden wood logs into blanks for the master-spoon. This work was considered trifling, it was usually performed by an apprentice. Therefore, she became a model not of deeds, but of idleness.
Of course, everything is known in comparison, and this work seemed easy only against the backdrop of hard peasant labor.
And not everyone will succeed now well bucks to beat .
Know by heart
What is the meaning of these words - children know no worse than adults. Know by heart - means, for example, to learn a poem perfectly, to solidify a role and, in general, to understand something perfectly well.
And there was a time when know by heart , check by heart taken almost literally. This saying arose from the custom of checking the authenticity of gold coins, rings and other precious metal products by tooth. You bite the coin with your teeth, and if there is no dent left on it, then it is genuine, not fake. Otherwise, you could get a fake one: hollow inside or filled with cheap metal.
The same custom gave rise to another vivid figurative expression: crack a man , that is, to thoroughly know its advantages, disadvantages, intentions.
Take rubbish out of the hut
Usually this expression is used with negation: " Do not take dirty linen out of the hut!».
Its figurative meaning, I hope, is known to everyone: quarrels, squabbles between close people, or secrets of a narrow circle of people should not be disclosed.
And here's the real meaning of it phraseological unit Let's try to explain now, although it will not be easy. This expression is connected with evil spirits and, by the way, there are a lot of such in the Russian language. According to ancient beliefs, rubbish from the hut must be burned in the oven, so that evil people do not get it. The so-called quackery "rejections" or "relations" were very common in the past. A branch could be, for example, a bundle thrown at a crossroads to "guard" against illness. Coal or furnace ash was usually wrapped in such a bundle - oven .
She was especially popular with healers, because it was in the oven that rubbish from the hut was burned, in which hair and other items necessary for witchcraft were found. It is no accident, therefore, that the ban on dirty linen in public came into use in the Russian language.
It is written with a pitchfork on the water
The expression "It is written with a pitchfork on the water" comes from Slavic mythology.
Today it means an unlikely, doubtful and hardly possible event. In Slavic mythology, pitchforks were called mythical creatures living in water bodies. According to legend, they could predict fate by writing it on the water. Until now, "forks" in some Russian dialects mean "circles".
During divination by water, pebbles were thrown into the river and, according to the shape of the circles formed on the surface, their intersections and sizes, they predicted the future. And since these predictions are not accurate and rarely come true, they began to talk about an unlikely event.
In not so ancient times, gypsies with bears walked around the villages and staged various performances. They led the bears on a leash tied to a nose ring. Such a ring made it possible to keep the bears in check and perform the necessary tricks. During the performances, the gypsies performed various tricks, cleverly deceiving the audience.
Over time, the expression began to be applied in a broader sense - "to mislead someone."
Goal like a falcon
In the old days, for the capture of besieged cities, wall-beating guns were used, which were called "falcons". It was a log bound with iron or a cast-iron beam, reinforced with chains. Swinging it, they hit the walls and destroyed them.
The figurative expression "goal like a falcon" means "poor to the last extreme, nowhere to get money, even beat your head against the wall."
Keep me out
The expression "Chur me" came to us from ancient times.
Since ancient times, to this day, we say "Chur me", "Chur mine", "Chur in half." Chur is ancient name house keeper, hearth(Chur - Schur - Ancestor).
It is the fire, mental and physical, that gives people warmth, light, comfort and goodness in every sense, is the main custodian of the family heritage, family happiness.
