For over sixty years dog's heart was waiting for its reader. In Germany and England, the story was published in the early 60s, at the same time in the USSR only the lucky ones, who were few, could read it only in Samizdat. And only in 1987 the work was published in the Znamya magazine, and a year later it was filmed. In 1925, M.A. Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog", a work that still excites the minds and reveals the meaning of what happened in Russia in those years.
Not at all school Bulgakov
The compulsory literature program for secondary education includes two works by this author: "The Heart of a Dog" and "The Master and Margarita". Being the son of a professor of theology and the grandson of priests, the writer put religious symbols into each of his creations, making the idea multilayered. Perhaps that is why every time you re-read his books, something new opens up.
Despite the complexity ideological content, at school, you will have to write an essay based on Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog". And for this it is necessary to analyze the genre, title and main images of the work.
Usually "Heart of a Dog" is called That's right. But partially. Everything that speaks of devastation, the House Committee and Soviet newspapers is, of course, a pamphlet. What Shvonder and Sharikov talk about and do is also, without a doubt, satire. Yes, and what! Acute. Merciless.
But the experiment with the dog is a dystopia. In his image, the birth of a new man of a young formation is shown, dangerous trends in the development of such a society are revealed. It turns out that Mikhail Bulgakov wrote Heart of a Dog as a warning. The essay on the story should reflect the presence of signs of both genres: both satire and utopia.
Why a dog's heart?
When analyzing a work of a small form (story, short story, short story) last place takes its name. So, why did Bulgakov dwell on this particular phrase, because in the text Professor Preobrazhensky, retorting Bormental about Sharikov’s heart, claims that he now has a human heart, only the lousiest of all.
IN explanatory dictionaries adjective "dog", except direct meaning, indicating belonging to this animal, has others, figurative, colloquially reduced with a negative characteristic, denoting something difficult, unbearable, as well as vile, low and despicable. And then everything becomes clear, especially since the subtitle of the story - "The Monstrous Incident" - gives a hint about what Bulgakov wanted to say. “Heart of a Dog” is a satirical composition, its title contains not the organ of a dog, but the spoiled heart of a newly-minted person.
Image system
Surprisingly, but true: satirical works Mikhail Bulgakov no goodies. And Heart of a Dog is no exception. The professor, who argues so correctly and fairly denounces the new government, makes a monstrous mistake: the doctor should help people in the treatment of ailments, and he is trying to correct what was created by God. Preobrazhensky only then realizes the inadmissibility of such experiments.
Shvonder, a demagogue with limited mental faculties pretending to be the owner of the house. He and the professor are carriers of absolutely different principles, even comparing them is impossible.
So which of the characters should be emphasized when asked to write the essay "Bulgakov: "Heart of a Dog""? Sharikov - the result of an experiment by F.F. Preobrazhensky - it is he who is the main one in the story and, to some extent, the object of the dispute between Shvonder and the professor. But did this struggle make sense?
Highly developed personality failed
Everything connected with Orthodoxy, Bulgakov knew thoroughly, and it is no coincidence that certain dates or references to them are mentioned in his works. For example, in The Master and Margarita, everything indicates that the action takes place on the eve of Easter, while in the story about Sharikov, events begin at the end of December, and by January 7, new person- Polygraph Polygraphovich.
Neither more nor less, but the transformation of the dog Bulgakov coincides with Christmas. “Heart of a Dog” is a work whose author painfully notes not only the destruction of the best that was before the revolution, but also the appearance of a creature that will continue this extermination, but not by stealing and boarding up front doors, but by spiritual devastation.
Why Polygraph?
This name is considered an invention of Bulgakov, although it is known that in the calendar calendar of the proletariat of that time it was already listed. female interpretation. What could the writer warn about by repeating: Polygraph Poligrafovich? When Mikhail Bulgakov created "Heart of a Dog", the composition of such works could not become property a wide range readers. It's a pity! Then many would understand: the name of the main character is associated with printing, which means replication, that is, there should be a lot of them.
The writer was afraid (and not in vain) that the ball ones would be ideal for the new government. Deprived own opinion, having no spiritual connections, traditions, these people will not only do what they are ordered, but also take the initiative aimed at destruction, since they are not able to create by definition. It will not work to create them in the way that Professor Preobrazhensky accidentally managed to do, but it will turn out to be quite realistic to educate young people in this spirit.
This is what an essay on the topic “Heart of a Dog” should be about. Bulgakov could not reach out to his contemporaries, or rather did not have the opportunity, but after many decades this story is just as relevant.
Modern science is moving forward, trying to find a panacea for diseases and extend the days of a person on earth, but do not forget that along with a long life, you can also get a dog's heart, which will make the past century aimless and useless.
The system of images in M. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" is a debatable issue. In my opinion, two opposing camps are clearly visible here: Professor Preobrazhensky, Dr. Bormental and Shvonder, Sharikov.
Professor Preobrazhensky, no longer a young man, lives alone in a beautiful well-appointed apartment. A brilliant surgeon is engaged in profitable rejuvenation operations. But the professor plans to improve nature itself, he decides to compete with life itself and create a new person by transplanting a part of human brain. For this experiment, he chooses street dog Sharik. The ever-hungry miserable dog Sharik is not stupid in his own way. He assesses the life, customs, characters of Moscow during the NEP with its numerous shops, taverns on Myasnitskaya "with sawdust on the floor, evil clerks who hate dogs", "where they played the harmonica and smelled of sausages." Observing the life of the street, he draws the conclusion: "Janitors of all proletarians are the most vile scum"; “The cook comes across different. For example - the late Vlas from Prechistenka. How many lives has he saved? Seeing Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky, Sharik understands: "He is a man of mental labor ... this one will not kick with his foot."
And now the professor is doing the main thing of his life - unique operation: he transplants Sharik's pituitary gland from a man who died a few hours before the operation. This man is Klim Chugunkin, twenty-eight years old, convicted three times. He was engaged in playing the balalaika in taverns.
As a result of a complex operation, an ugly creature is born into the world. It inherited the proletarian essence of its predecessor. Bulgakov describes it this way appearance: "Human vertically challenged and unsympathetic appearance. The hair on his head grew coarse ... The forehead struck with its small height. Almost immediately above the black tassels of the scattered eyebrows began a thick head brush. The first words he uttered were swearing and "bourgeois".
With the advent of this humanoid creature, the life of Professor Preobrazhensky and the inhabitants of the house becomes a living hell. An unexpectedly appeared laboratory creature demands to assign him the hereditary surname Sharikov, and he chooses his name Polygraph Poligrafovich. Having hardly become a kind of human being, Sharikov becomes impudent right before his eyes. He demands a residence document from the owner of the apartment, confident that the house committee, which protects the interests of the "labor element", will help him in this. In the person of the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder, he immediately finds support. It is he, Shvonder, who demands the issuance of a residence document to Sharikov, arguing that the document is the most important thing in the state.
Sharikov is alien to conscience and morality, shame and others. human qualities. They are driven only by meanness and malice.
Professor Preobrazhensky still does not leave the thought of making a man out of Sharikov. He hopes for evolution, gradual development. But there is no development and there will not be if the person himself does not strive for it. The whole life of the professor turns into a nightmare. There is neither peace nor order in the house. The good intentions of Preobrazhensky to create a "new unit of society" turn into a tragedy. He comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of both man and society leads to equally catastrophic results. He speaks of his creation with anger: “You are at the lowest stage of development, all your actions are purely bestial, and in the presence of two people with a university education you allow yourself ... to give some kind of advice on a cosmic scale and cosmic stupidity.”
The professor, foreseeing future catastrophes, corrects his mistake: Sharikov is again turned into a dog who is satisfied with his fate and himself. But in life, such experiments are irreversible. And Bulgakov managed to warn about this at the very beginning of those destructive transformations that began in our country in 1917.
Instruction
Main character The story "Heart of a Dog" Professor Preobrazhensky is the author of a monstrous experiment. He is a representative of the Russian intelligentsia: he lives in a beautiful seven-room apartment, has servants, speaks and dresses intelligently. Philip Filippovich embodies the dying Russian aristocratic culture: this is evidenced by the interior, dinners, representing a real ritual. Professor Preobrazhensky is talented, witty, feels confident in the company of representatives of a new class of society, does not hide his negative attitude towards the proletarian order. Preobrazhensky enjoys great prestige with the new government, as a rare luminary of medicine, able to conduct complex operations for rejuvenation. Professor Preobrazhensky considers violence against living beings unacceptable. But he decides terrible experiment to improve the imperfect nature of man: he performs an operation to transplant parts of human organs into a dog. The failure of the experiment brings the professor back to understanding the immorality of such experimental violence against nature. human life. As a result, Professor Preobrazhensky comes to the conclusion that “decorating Earth» Outstanding geniuses stand out according to the laws of evolution, not experiments. The author has an ambiguous attitude towards his hero: he respects for true intelligence and condemns for dubious and dangerous violent methods of experiments.
Dr. Bormenthal also occupies important place in the system of images of the story "Heart of a Dog". Ivan Arnoldovich is young, thanks to Preobrazhensky, he turned from a poor man into an assistant professor, studied the skill of the luminary of medicine and earned good money. The experiment with the dog Sharik, who turned into a citizen Sharikov, brought Bormental close to the teacher. He was an assistant in the ongoing operation, then lived in the apartment of Professor Preobrazhensky, writing down the results of the experiment in a diary and raising Sharikov. Dr. Bormental is intelligent, but realizing the impossibility of re-educating such a "person", he is ready to strangle Sharikov in order to make life easier for his and his benefactor.
Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov appears in the story after the operation performed by Professor Preobrazhensky. And at first it is a gullible dog Sharik, turned as a result of experience into an immoral person who is not amenable to upbringing and education. Sharikov is the embodiment of a society in which there are no persistent moral principles: the “illegitimate son” of the professor goes to bed in the kitchen on the floor, plays the balalaika, swears, throws cigarette butts on the floor, etc. Citizen Sharikov scribbles denunciations against "daddy" and even threatens to kill him. For two months of existence, Polygraph Poligrafovich received, got a job as head of a subdepartment. The new government supports him, considers him a useful member existing society. The anti-hero Sharikov at the end of the work becomes again affectionate dog Sharik, because the immoral, contrary to the laws of human life, actions of the new "citizen" forced the intellectual Preobrazhensky to recognize the enormity of his experiment and destroy the results.
An active participant in the plot of the story "Heart of a Dog" is the newly elected chairman Shvonder. The author deliberately depicted this hero schematically: Shvonder represents one of the "comrades", the "public face" of the new order of life. Shvonder treats class enemies with hatred, it consists in an unreasoning admiration for the power of new laws and. Shvonder indifferently looks at the miracle of the creation of man, in front of him is the society of Sharikov, who definitely needs to have a document and get a job. Main conflict The story "The Heart of a Dog" is primarily reflected in the confrontation between Shvonder and Preobrazhensky, who represent two opposite social and ethical classes.
The system of images in M. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" is a debatable issue. In my opinion, two opposing camps are clearly visible here: Professor Preobrazhensky, Dr. Bormental and Shvonder, Sharikov. Professor Preobrazhensky, no longer a young man, lives alone in a beautiful well-appointed apartment. A brilliant surgeon is engaged in profitable rejuvenation operations. But the professor plans to improve nature itself, he decides to compete with life itself and create a new person by transplanting part of the human brain into a dog. For this experiment, he chooses the street dog Sharik.
The ever-hungry miserable dog Sharik is not stupid in his own way. He assesses the life, customs, characters of Moscow during the NEP with its numerous shops, taverns on Myasnitskaya "with sawdust on the floor, evil clerks who hate dogs", "where they played the harmonica and smelled of sausages." Observing the life of the street, he draws the conclusion: "Janitors of all proletarians are the most vile scum"; “The cook comes across different. For example, the late Vlas from Prechistenka. How many lives has he saved?
Seeing Philip Philippovich Preobrazhensky, Sharik understands: "He is a man of mental labor ... this one will not kick with his foot." And now the professor performs the main work of his life - a unique operation: he transplants Sharik's pituitary gland from a man who died a few hours before the operation. This man is Klim Chugunkin, twenty-eight years old, convicted three times. He was engaged in playing the balalaika in taverns. As a result of a complex operation, an ugly creature is born into the world. It inherited the proletarian essence of its predecessor. Bulgakov describes his appearance as follows: “A man of small stature and unsympathetic appearance. The hair on his head grew coarse ... The forehead struck with its small height.
Almost immediately above the black tassels of the scattered eyebrows began a thick head brush. The first words he uttered were swearing and "bourgeois". With the advent of this humanoid creature, the life of Professor Preobrazhensky and the inhabitants of the house becomes a living hell. An unexpectedly appeared laboratory creature demands to assign him the hereditary surname Sharikov, and he chooses his name Polygraph Poligrafovich. Having hardly become a kind of human being, Sharikov becomes impudent right before his eyes. He demands a residence document from the owner of the apartment, confident that the house committee, which protects the interests of the "labor element", will help him in this. In the person of the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder, he immediately finds support. It is he, Shvonder, who demands the issuance of a residence document to Sharikov, arguing that the document is the most important thing in the state.
Sharikov is alien to conscience and morality, shame and other human qualities. They are driven only by meanness and malice. Professor Preobrazhensky still does not leave the thought of making a man out of Sharikov. He hopes for evolution, gradual development. But there is no development and there will not be if the person himself does not strive for it. The whole life of the professor turns into a nightmare. There is neither peace nor order in the house. The good intentions of Preobrazhensky to create a "new unit of society" turn into a tragedy. He comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of both man and society leads to equally catastrophic results. He speaks of his creation with anger: “You are at the lowest stage of development, all your actions are purely bestial, and in the presence of two people with a university education you allow yourself ... to give some kind of advice on a cosmic scale and cosmic stupidity.”
The professor, foreseeing future catastrophes, corrects his mistake: Sharikov is again turned into a dog who is satisfied with his fate and himself. But in life, such experiments are irreversible. And Bulgakov managed to warn about this at the very beginning of those destructive transformations that began in our country in 1917.
Date: 31.03
Grade: -9-in
Subject: Bulgakov. "Dog's heart".The system of images of the work. Mental, moral, spiritual underdevelopment is the basis of the vitality of "Sharikovism", "Shvonderism".
Objectives: to consider the system of images in the work, to teach how to characterize the characters, analyze the text, understand the author's position, theme, idea of the work, instill interest in the study of M. Bulgakov's work, as well as in the study of Russian literature of the 20th century.
Forms of control: oral survey.
Equipment: a portrait of the writer.
Lesson type: combined.
During the classes.
Organizational moment. Setting the topic and goals. Making notebooks.
Update basic knowledge students.
Conversation on the life and work of Bulgakov:
Where and when was the writer born?
Where did he spend his childhood? What education did he receive?
How did he perceive the revolution of 1917? How did this affect his work?
When was the story "Heart of a Dog" written? When was it first published? Why did it happen?
3. Work on the topic of the lesson.
1) Questions to students:
- What are the main characters in the story?
(Professor Preobrazhensky, Dr. Bormental, dog Sharik- Sharikov, Shvonder)
Describe each of the characters.
Approximate characteristic(written on the board)
- Age of the hero
- Character traits
- Level of education
- Attitude towards others
- The attitude of the hero to others
Students are divided into groups and make a description of one of their heroes. Then a representative of the group is chosen who reads complete description hero, confirming judgments with quotations from texia.
PROFESSOR PREOBRAZHENSKY
Philip PhilipovichPreobrazhensky is the author of the monstrous experiment of transplanting the human pituitary gland into a dog.
2) The addition of the teacher is appropriate here.
Teacher addition: For many years scientists different countries engaged in the study of the functions of the human brain and tried to unravel the mystery of the biological nature of man.
In the 20s of the XX century special interest caused a problem rejuvenation and even physical immortality. Moreover, she was interested not only in physicians and biologists, but also in the leaders of the young state - Soviet Republic. A special institute was even created to deal with the problems of rejuvenation, foreign professors were invited. It was at this time that science flourished. eugenics engaged in the "breeding" of a special breed of people.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, many believed that our appearance defines pituitary .
The story "Heart of a Dog" was written in 1925, just when there was a scientific breakthrough in the study of the function of the pituitary gland. . It was found that growth hormone is formed in the pituitary gland, it is responsible for the development and metabolic processes organism . Subsequently, scientists proved that the pituitary gland produces a number of hormones that regulate the function of the endocrine glands.
The most important endocrine organ is pituitary - a small gland hiding at the base of the brain in a deepening of the skull with the romantic name "Turkish saddle".
The pituitary gland can be called the control center inner world man: harmony depends on him, adaptation to highest level, action control.
Professor Preobrazhensky is a representative of the Moscow Russian intelligentsia: he lives in a beautiful seven-room apartment, has servants, speaks and dresses intelligently. It embodies the fading Russian aristocratic culture: the interior of the apartment, the dinners, representing a real ritual, speak of this. Professor Preobrazhensky is talented, witty, feels confident in the company of representatives of a new class of society, does not hide his negative attitude towards the proletarian order. Preobrazhensky enjoys great prestige with the new government, as a rare luminary of medicine who knows how to perform complex rejuvenation operations. Professor Preobrazhensky considers violence against living beings unacceptable. But he decides on a terrible experiment to improve the imperfect nature of man: he performs an operation to transplant a part of human organs into a dog. The failure of the experiment brings the professor back to understanding the immorality of such experimental violence against the nature of human life. As a result, Professor Preobrazhensky comes to the conclusion that outstanding geniuses “decorating the globe” are distinguished according to the laws of evolution, and not experiments. The author has an ambiguous attitude towards his hero: he respects for true intelligence and condemns for dubious and dangerous violent methods of experiments.
DOCTOR IVAN ARNOLDOVICH BORMENTAL
He also occupies an important place in the system of images of the story "Heart of a Dog". Ivan Arnoldovich is young, thanks to Preobrazhensky he turned from a poor student into an assistant professor, studied skills with the luminary of medicine and earned good money. The experiment with the dog Sharik, who turned into a citizen Sharikov, brought Bormental close to the teacher. He was an assistant in the ongoing operation, then lived in the apartment of Professor Preobrazhensky, writing down the results of the experiment in a diary and raising Sharikov. Dr. Bormental is intelligent, but realizing the impossibility of re-educating such a "person", he is ready to strangle Sharikov in order to make life easier for his teacher and benefactor.
POLYGRAPH POLIGRAFOVICH SHARIKOV
Dog Sharik - a trusting dog with good heart capable of compassion for others, able to repay good for good. The ever-hungry miserable dog Sharik is not stupid in his own way. He assesses the life, customs, characters of Moscow during the NEP with its numerous shops, taverns on Myasnitskaya "with sawdust on the floor, evil clerks who hate dogs," "where they played the harmonica and smelled of sausages." Observing the life of the street, he draws the conclusion: "Janitors of all proletarians are the most vile scum"; “The cook comes across different. For example - the late Vlas from Prechistenka. How many lives has he saved? Seeing Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky, Sharik understands: "He is a man of mental labor ... this one will not kick with his foot." And now the professor performs the main work of his life - a unique operation: he transplants the pituitary gland of a person to Sharik from a man who died a few hours before the operation. This man -Klim Chugunkin , twenty-eight years old, convicted three times. He was engaged in playing the balalaika in taverns.
Bulgakov describes his appearance as follows: “A man of small stature and unsympathetic appearance. The hair on his head grew coarse ... The forehead struck with its small height. Almost immediately above the black tassels of the scattered eyebrows began a thick head brush. The first words he uttered were swearing and "bourgeois". With the advent of this humanoid creature, the life of Professor Preobrazhensky and the inhabitants of the house becomes a living hell. An unexpectedly appeared laboratory creature demands to assign him the hereditary surname Sharikov, and he chooses his name Polygraph Poligrafovich. Having hardly become a kind of human being, Sharikov becomes impudent right before his eyes. He demands a residence document from the owner of the apartment, confident that the house committee, which protects the interests of the "labor element", will help him in this. In the person of the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder, he immediately finds support. It is he, Shvonder, who demands the issuance of a residence document to Sharikov, arguing that the document is the most important thing in the state. Sharikov is alien to conscience and morality, shame and other human qualities. They are driven only by meanness and malice.
Sharikov -into an immoral person, not amenable to upbringing and education. Sharikov is the embodiment of a society in which there are no persistent moral principles: the “illegitimate son” of the professor goes to bed in the kitchen on the floor, steals, plays the balalaika, swears, throws cigarette butts on the floor, etc. Citizen Sharikov scribbles denunciations against "daddy" and even threatens to kill him. For two months of existence, Poligraf Poligrafovich received a passport, got a job as head of a subdepartment. The new government supports him, considers him a useful member of the existing society. The anti-hero Sharikov at the end of the work again becomes the affectionate dog Sharik, because the immoral, contrary to the laws of human life actions of the new "citizen" forced the intellectual Preobrazhensky to recognize the enormity of his experiment and destroy the results.
The dog becomes a man, but his actions are determined by the genes received from the drunkard and boor Klim Chugunkin: “... he no longer has a dog, namely human heart. And the lousiest of all that exist in nature! The contrast between intellectual beginning, embodied in intelligent people, physiologists Preobrazhensky and Bormental, and the dark instincts of the "homunculus" Sharikov (with a low, sloping forehead) is so striking that it creates not only a comic, grotesque effect, but also paints in tragic tones.
SHWONDER
An active participant in the plot of the story "Heart of a Dog" is the recently elected chairman of the house committee Shvonder. The author deliberately depicted this hero schematically: Shvonder represents one of the "comrades", the "public face" of the new order of life. Shvonder treats class enemies with hatred, his morality lies in an unreasoning admiration for the power of new laws and regulations. Shvonder indifferently looks at the miracle of the creation of man, in front of him is a unit of Sharikov society, who definitely needs to have a document and get a job. The main conflict of the story "Heart of a Dog" is primarily reflected in the confrontation between Shvonder and Preobrazhensky, who represent two opposite social and ethical classes.
Shvonder is a proletarian, "the new head of the house committee elected at a meeting of the housing association." The author presents him as a man "who had a quarter arshin of thick curly hair on his head." Despite active participation in the plot, this character does not receive a detailed description. It is presented schematically in the story. Sh. is not a person, he is a "public person", one of the "comrades". The author focuses on his hatred for class enemies, that is, for Professor Preobrazhensky and Dr. Bormental. During his visit in the sixth chapter, he speaks to the professor with "calm gloating". And when Philipp Philippovich involuntarily lost his temper, "blue joy spilled over Shvonder's face."
In the philosophy of Sh. cornerstone is a document, a piece of paper. "A document is the most important thing in the world." - he says to Professor Preobrazhensky and is very indignant when Preobrazhensky rashly calls them idiotic. “It’s rather strange, professor,” Shvonder was offended, “how do you call documents idiotic? I can’t allow an undocumented tenant to stay in the house, and not yet registered with the police. What if there is a war with imperialist predators?” This is the whole of Sh., this is the morality of the proletariat, bowing before the authorities, believing only in the power of laws, regulations, documents, aggressive and unreasoning. The frank stupidity and absurdity of Sharikov's identity card, which the professor, the luminaries of world science, an educated, subtle person cannot but recognize as nonsense, does not hurt his hearing. The scale of the discovery made by Professor Preobrazhensky is not important to him, he does not understand that Philip Philipovich performed a miracle, creating a person like a creator. Sharikov is just another tenant for him, a unit of society that interests him only from a practical point of view. "Well, it's not a complicated matter. Write a certificate, citizen professor. What is it, they say, and so, the bearer of this is really Sharikov Polygraph Polygraphovich, um ... born in your supposedly apartment." The confrontation between Professor Preobrazhensky and the house committee - Shvonder reflects the main conflict of the story, the conflict between two opposing social and ethical classes.
4) Question to students for reflection:
What is the vitality of "Sharikovshchina", "Shvonderism"?
(summarizing all of the above)
Tip for the teacher:
In the story, Sharikov returned to dogs, but in life he went a long and, as it seemed to him, and others were inspired, a glorious path and in the thirties and fifties he poisoned people, as he once did stray cats and dogs in the line of duty. Throughout his life, he carried dog anger and suspicion, replacing them with dog loyalty that has become unnecessary. Entering into rational life, he remained at the level of instincts and was ready to adapt the whole country, the whole world, the whole universe in order to satisfy these bestial instincts. He is proud of his low origin. He prides himself on his low education. He is proud of everything low, because only this raises him high - above those who are high in spirit, who are high in mind, and therefore must be trampled into the mud so that Sharikov can rise above them. You involuntarily ask yourself the question: how many of them were and are among us? Thousands? Tens, hundreds of thousands?
Outwardly, the balls are no different from people, but they are always among us. Their non-human essence is just waiting to manifest itself in the bureaucratic system. And then the judge, in the interests of his career and the fulfillment of the plan for solving crimes, condemns the innocent, the doctor turns away from the patient, the mother abandons her child, various officials, for whom bribes are already in the order of things, these are politicians who, at the first opportunity to grab a tidbit, drop the mask and show their true nature, ready to betray their own. Everything that is most lofty and holy turns into its opposite, because the non-human has awakened in them and tramples them into the mud. Coming to power, a non-human tries to dehumanize everyone around, because non-humans are easier to control, they have everything human feelings replaces the instinct of self-preservation. In our country, after the revolution, all conditions were created for the appearance of a huge number of Sharikovs with dog hearts. The totalitarian system is very conducive to this. Probably due to the fact that these monsters have penetrated into all areas of life, that they are among us now, Russia is experiencing now Hard times. The Sharikovs, with their truly canine vitality, no matter what, will go everywhere over the heads of others. The heart of a dog in union with the human mind is the main threat of our time. That is why the story, written at the beginning of the century, remains relevant today, serving as a warning to future generations. Today is so close to yesterday... At first glance, it seems that outwardly everything has changed, that the country has become different. But the consciousness, stereotypes, way of thinking of people will not change in ten or twenty years - more than one generation will pass before the Sharikovs disappear from our lives, before people become different, before the vices described by Bulgakov in his immortal work. How I want to believe that this time will come! ..
Such are the gloomy reflections on the consequences (on the one hand, possible, on the other, accomplished) of the interaction of three forces: apolitical science, aggressive social rudeness, and spiritual authority reduced to the level of a house committee.
Summing up the lesson. Grading.
Reflection: - Today I can praise myself for ....
Today I didn't succeed...because....
Homework: satire in Bulgakov's story.
Information about Sholokhov, about the creation of the story "The Fate of a Man".
