What is the meaning of the statement. How to understand: "Beauty will save the world" - what is the meaning of the statement? Chapter i

24.02.2019

The meaning of the statement

The meaning of the statement - content speech work V specific situation; the result of the interaction of semantic and situational information.

See also: sayings

  • - see STATEMENT, ACT ...
  • - Franz. enonce, enonciation. An utterance is a segment of discourse that connects an actant and a predicate by means of a statement, for example: "Socrates of death"...

    Postmodernism. Glossary of terms

  • - COUNTERFACTICAL STATEMENTS - such as, for example, "If Columbus had not discovered America, then the economic progress of Europe would have been significantly slowed down" ...
  • - FACTUAL STATEMENTS - statements about facts, or such statements, the truth of which is established by referring to facts ...

    Encyclopedia of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science

  • - statements, the meaning of which is determined by the semantic information contained in them. See also: Sayings  ...

    Financial vocabulary

  • - statements, the content of which is determined by a given situation and situational information. See also: Sayings  ...

    Financial vocabulary

  • - realization of speech utterance in the act of communication...
  • - statements, the meaning of which is determined by the semantic information contained in ...

    Explanatory Translation Dictionary

  • - same as original text...

    Explanatory Translation Dictionary

  • - internal structure, the concrete construction of the statement ...

    Explanatory Translation Dictionary

  • - 1. Invariant of the message, correlated with the situation of reality in the mind of the sender or recipient of the message. 2...

    Explanatory Translation Dictionary

  • - statements, the content of which is determined by a given situation and situational information ...

    Explanatory Translation Dictionary

  • - The same as the theme in the 1st sense ...

    Dictionary linguistic terms

  • Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

  • - in rhetoric: according to the form of construction, statements are divided into monologue and dialogic ...

    Rhetoric: Dictionary Reference

  • - adj., number of synonyms: 6 silenced, buttoned mouth with all the buttons, taking water into the mouth, holding the tongue, biting the tongue, swallowing the tongue ...

    Synonym dictionary

"The meaning of the statement" in books

Context defines meaning, and meaning creates...

From the book Meeting Again?! How to turn empty discussions into effective ones by Pearl David

Context defines meaning, and meaning creates... Let's say you're standing in a long line at the bank at lunchtime because you need to cash a check. There is only one cashier working, a young trainee is sitting there, the queue is not moving forward. Time is running out, another

sayings

From the book How to be a rat. The art of intrigue and survival at work author Sgrievers Yoop

Statements Let's go through all the statements given in the test and see what fits the very essence of the conspirator and how this can contribute to victory or defeat. After all, we should marinate ourselves in all these elixirs of opportunistic

Valid statements

From the book Book of Theorems 2 author Lensky Vasily Vasilievich

Valid Statements 1. The matter of comprehending polarization in various logics is even more difficult. When there are irrelevant thought processes?! Formalization does not make sense when the purpose of statements, their purpose, the interest of the author is torn off from it.

Chapter 21 The meaning of action, situation, life, history.

From the book Fundamentals of the Physics of the Spirit author Sklyarov Andrey Yurievich

Chapter 21 The meaning of action, situation, life, history. "Who knows why, will endure any how." Nietzsche Is there any meaning in any particular act of man? What is the meaning of his life? Is there any meaning in human

2. First statements

From the book Outlines of the Future. Engels on communist society author Bagaturia Georgy Alexandrovich

2. First statements So, the autumn of 1842 is the earliest point, starting from which one can generally try to find some ideas of Engels about the future communist society. We find his first direct statements about communism later, almost a year later, in

Sayings about aphorisms

From the book Thoughts and Sayings author Balashov Lev Evdokimovich

Statements about aphorisms An aphorism is a saying that expresses any generalized thought; for an aphorism, both completeness of thought and refinement of form are equally obligatory. Nekrasov

Anti-war remarks

author Telushkin Joseph

Anti-war sayings It was in my heart to build a house for the name of the Lord my God. And the word of the Lord was said to me: You shed much blood and you waged great wars; You must not (should) build a house for My name, because you shed much blood on the ground before Me. Tsar

Other sayings

From the book Jewish Wisdom [Ethical, spiritual and historical lessons from the works of the great sages] author Telushkin Joseph

Other Sayings Wear your yellow armband with pride. Robert Welsh, April 1933 This is how the German Zionist leader titled an article in response to the Nazi boycott of Jewish business. At this time, the Jews were not yet forced to wear a yellow bandage, although yellow

1. Verifiable statements

From the book Vienna Circle. The emergence of neopositivism the author Kraft Victor

§ 89. Noematic statements and statements about reality. Noema in the psychological sphere. Psychological-phenomenological reduction

From the book of Ideas to pure phenomenology and phenomenological philosophy. Book 1 author Husserl Edmund

§ 89. Noematic statements and statements about reality. Noema in the psychological sphere. Psychological-phenomenological reduction It is clear that all these descriptive statements, even if they are identical with statements about reality, are in fact

Chapter I. OBVIOUS MEANING AND HIDDEN MEANING

From the book Dante's Esotericism author Guénon Rene

CHAPTER I. OBVIOUS MEANING AND HIDDEN MEANING O you sensible ones, take a look for yourselves, And let every instruction understand Hidden under strange verses! With these words, Dante quite definitely indicates that his work contains hidden meaning, teaching in one's own sense of the word,

The meaning of life and the meaning of death

From the book History of World Culture author Gorelov Anatoly Alekseevich

The meaning of life and the meaning of death All branches of culture have a structure that gives them a higher meaning: through sacrifices to eternity. Consciousness was needed for the awareness of death, awareness - for the emergence of fear, fear - to overcome it through the victim, the victim - for development

2. The meaning of words and the meaning of speech 2.1. What is a "word"?

From the book Our language: as an objective reality and as a culture of speech author USSR Internal Predictor

2. The meaning of words and the meaning of speech 2.1. What is a "word"? In naturally occurring and historically developing languages, the function of transmitting and storing information is, if not superstructure, then a shell in relation to the functions of “word magic” and “text magic”. And in it a man

Prenatal Period [Some of the parental statements quoted in this section are from a study conducted by one of the authors (R.B.D.) in the late 1970s. Although these quotes are over 18 years old, they are easy to imagine coming from today's young parents; statements that bear the imprint of their time

From book Ordinary families, special children author Seligman Milton

Prenatal Period [Some of the parental statements quoted in this section are from a study conducted by one of the authors (R.B.D.) in the late 1970s. Although these quotes are over 18 years old, they are easy to imagine coming from today's young parents; statements that carry

2. Does a person need a lot of meaning? Meaning in life and meaning in life

From the book Thirst for Meaning. Man in extreme situations. Limits of psychotherapy author Wirtz Ursula

2. Does a person need a lot of meaning? Meaning in life and the meaning of life For what is the use of a man if he gains the whole world, but loses his soul? Gospel of Mark 8:36 We must find two different meanings: firstly, the meaning of our own existence, secondly, the meaning of the world,

Meaning of life… This topic eternal.

The constant questions that we ask ourselves “for what”, “why”, “why” accompany us through life and require each to answer in our own way. Let the data sayings about the meaning of life will help to understand this issue deeper and at least a little to discover this very meaning for yourself ...

Probably, these questions are much more important than the answers received. By asking ourselves these questions, we discover the meaning of life in our own heart. great people contribute to the creation of their own beliefs. And the beliefs that a person himself has come to are very valuable and important. They are more precious than all knowledge and theories. In my opinion, the meaning of life is in life itself. It is also in the realization of one's own abilities, in personal improvement, in joy and pleasure. The meaning of life is also in its knowledge, completeness and awareness, in love and harmony, in happiness and joy.

So, statements about the meaning of life:

"The true purpose of man is to live, not to exist"

D. London

"What is a sense of life? Serve others and do good"

Aristotle

“Two meanings in life - internal and external,

at the external - family, business, success;

And the inner - obscure and unearthly -

Everyone is responsible for everyone."

I. Huberman

Fill every moment with meaning

hours and days inexorable running,

then you will take possession of the whole world

Then, my son, you will be a Man"

R. Kipling

“I am sure that the meaning of life for each of us is simply to grow in love.”

L.N. Tolstoy.

“The meaning of life is in the beauty and strength of striving for goals, and it is necessary that every moment of being has its own lofty goal.”

M. Gorky

Every person is a reflection of his inner peace. As a person thinks, so he is (in life).

Mark Thulius Cicero.

“The meaning of life is self-expression. To manifest our essence in all its fullness - that's what we live for.

Oscar Wilde

“The only happiness in life is the constant striving forward.”

Emile Zola

“There is no other meaning in life, except what kind of person himself gives it, revealing his strength, living fruitfully.”

Erich Fromm

"What is a sense of life?

We often ask ourselves suddenly

And like the blind we don't notice at all

That everything is filled with meaning around.

Sergey Fetisov

"That's the point of life, not to ask stupid questions."

Mikhail Mamchits

"Life individual person is meaningful only to the extent that it helps to make other people's lives more beautiful and nobler.

Albert Einstein

“Strive not to succeed, but to ensure that your life has meaning.”

Albert Einstein

“When You were born, You wept and the World laughed – live in such a way that when you die, You laugh and the World weeps.”

"One must love life more than the meaning of life."

F.M. Dostoevsky

"The wise man does not seek the meaning of life, he simply does not lose it."

Mikhail Mamchits

“If you are looking for the meaning of life because you cannot express it in words, this is philosophy.
If you are looking for the meaning of life because you do not feel that there is one, this is psychiatry.

“If you have already taken the painkiller“ life is a game ”, stop looking for meaning in it, it only makes sense to rush to score points».

Elena Ermolaeva

“If anyone knows the meaning of life, then let him not frighten others with this meaning.”

“The meaning of life is to be happy. And the reasons for happiness are not important.

“The meaning of life is to find your happiness. The happiness of life is not to lose its meaning.

“Understanding the meaning of life would be easy if it weren’t so difficult to find…”

Mikhail Mamchits

"Understand Who You Are and don't change yourself."

K-F "Hurry to love"

“Your purpose is hidden in what you love to do more than anything in the world.”

Jonathan Zakarin

"In everything you see

You are looking for yourself!

And even madly loving someone,

Everything that you are looking for in it -

only yourself!”

Kira Borg

“The meaning of life is not to cry, not to laugh, but to understand.”

Dmitry Rubashkin

"I saw the meaning of my life in helping others find meaning in their lives."

Viktor Frankl

“What is the purpose of life? Reproduction of their own kind? For what? Serve people? And what about those whom we will serve? Serve God? Can't He do what He needs without us? If He commands us to serve Himself, it is only for our good. Life cannot have any other purpose than goodness, joy.

Lev Tolstoy

"Let it be our highest goal one thing: to speak as we feel, and to live as we speak.

“There is no meaning to life, I will have to create it myself.”

J.- P. Sartre

"Our the main objective in this life to help other people. If you can't help them, at least don't harm them."

T. Gyatso

Above statementsabout the meaning of life very different, sometimes contradictory. And this is understandable. As they say, how many people, so many opinions (so many statements about the meaning of life).

Parable about the meaning of life

One day a student asked the teacher:
“Master, what is the meaning of life?”
- Whose? the Teacher was surprised.
The student thought for a moment and replied:
- At all. human life.
The teacher took a deep breath, and then said to the students:
- Try to answer.
One student said:
- Maybe in love?
“Not bad,” said the Teacher, “but is love really enough to say in my declining years, “I didn’t live in vain?”
Then another student said:
- In my opinion, the meaning of life is to leave behind something for centuries. Like you, Master.
– Wow, Teacher smiled, – if I knew you worse, I could take it for flattery. Are you saying that most people live in vain?
The third student tentatively suggested:
– Or maybe you don’t need to look for it, this very meaning?
– Nu-ka, nu-ka, the Teacher became interested, – explain why you think so?
- It seems to me, the student said, - that if you ask this question, then, firstly, you still won’t find an exact and final answer, you will doubt all the time, and, secondly, no matter what answer you find, it’s always the same. there will be someone who will argue with him. So all life will pass in search of its meaning.
- That is, that, - the Teacher smiled, - the meaning of life is to ...
- Live? the student said.
- In my opinion, this is the answer! – and the Teacher showed with a gesture that today the classes are over.

How to reveal the meaning of the statement?

Without fail, the graduate must state his understanding of the meaning of the statement. We remind you that misunderstanding the meaning and scoring this criterion with "0" points leads to the fact that other parts of the work are not taken into account and, therefore, the entire task is evaluated as "0" points.

It is the disclosure of the meaning of the statement that should become primary when writing an essay, and the ability to develop and formulate judgments that reveal the meaning of a particular aphorism should be given special attention when preparing for the exam. Mastering this skill will contribute to a more meaningful, harmonious, logically coherent fulfillment of the remaining requirements of the task, and the presentation and argumentation of one's own point of view regarding the statement.

Having chosen the topic of the essay, one should clearly formulate the problem that served as the basis for the statement. A proven way to do this is to try to state the essence of the statement using terms and concepts from a particular section. school course. To do this, the graduate must reformulate the topic in his own words, defining the main idea, in order to remove doubts about whether he understands the phrase correctly.

It is also advisable to highlight the key words (phrases) of the statement that will help determine the main idea of ​​the saying, the main idea of ​​the author of the statement. This will also help to determine the scope of the section or topic of the social science course within the boundaries, which should cover the revealed problem.

Those. the high school student explains in his own words what the author wanted to say with this phrase. It is more logical to do this at the very beginning of the essay.

What are the main ideas (problems) in the exam essays? 2

When writing an essay, it is necessary to identify the problems that are raised in the above statements, for example:

Topic: "Economy is the art of satisfying unlimited needs with limited resources" (L. Peter)  Problem: rational use of resources through efficient management practices and reasonable consumption.

Topic: “Every person should be given an equal right to pursue his own benefit, and the whole society benefits from this” (A. Smith)  Problem: Private interest is the source of initiative and enterprise in the economy.

The main idea (problem), being a kind of condition of the problem, to which you need to periodically return throughout the entire process of writing an essay, requires a clear designation. This is necessary in order to correctly reveal its content, and also not to accidentally go beyond and not get carried away by general reasoning.

Let's list the main ideas (problems) that graduates can meet in the proposed topic of tasks С9

Philosophy.

1. Correlation of matter and consciousness.

2. Space and time as forms of being.

3. Movement and development as ways of existence.

4. The problem of the essence of consciousness.

5. Features of the human psyche.

6. The ratio of the conscious and the unconscious.

7. The infinity of the process of cognition.

8. The question of the cognizability of the world: agnosticism and gnosticism.

9. The ratio of the subject and object of knowledge.

10. The ratio of sensory experience and rational thinking, their main forms.

11. Intuition and its role in cognition.

12. Truth and its criteria. Relative and absolute truth.

13. Empirical and theoretical levels of scientific knowledge.

14. Interaction of nature and society.

15. Ecological problem and ways to solve it.

16. Material and spiritual sides public life, their ratio.

17. The ratio of the individual and society.

18. The ratio of freedom and responsibility of the individual.

19. Culture as a transformative activity of a person as a whole.

20. Multivariate social development.

21. The essence of civilization.

22. Basic approaches to the study of society.

23. Social Progress, its criteria and main stages.

24. Spiritual life of society.

25. public consciousness, its structure and forms.

26. Science as a form of social consciousness.

27. Aesthetic consciousness.

28. Philosophical understanding of art. 29. Religion as a form of culture, a type of worldview.

30. Moral consciousness.

31. Philosophical understanding of morality.

32. The main global problems of mankind and possible ways their decisions.

33. Information revolution as the most important component of scientific and technological revolution.

34. The role of the masses and personality in history.

35. Globalization of public life.

Social Psychology

1. Interpersonal communication, its essence and tasks to be solved.

2. The essence and barriers of interpersonal communication and possible options their elimination.

3. Intrapersonal conflict-conflict of social roles of one person.

4. Interaction, communication of people, building their relationships.

5. The psychological climate of the team.

6. Man among people.

7. Essential characteristics of a small group.

8. Relationship between the individual and the group.

9. Features of the formation of groups.

10. Roles, norms and personality status.

11. Self-control as a correlation of one's behavior with the norms of society or a group.

12. Self-determination as the choice of one's own position.

13. Mismatch between the claims and capabilities of people.

14. The relationship of the main areas of socialization of the individual.

15. National identity.

16. Social interaction.

17. Significance of the communication process.

18. The essence of social conflict.

19. The relationship of the individual and the team.

20. Sources of social progress.

21. Social development.

22. Family relationships.

23. The conflict of "fathers and children."

24. The essence of the crowd and the herd instinct.

25. Socio-psychological portrait of a leader.

26. Family relationships.

27. The system of organizational, socio-economic, psychological, moral and legal decisions that ensure the effective realization of the possibilities of the individual in society and the group.

Economy

1. The contradiction between the limited resources and the boundlessness of human needs.

2. The problem of economic choice.

3. Factors of production and their importance in the economy.

4. Labor as an activity and an economic resource.

5. Capital as an economic resource.

6. Intellectual capital as the main source of formation of competitive advantages in economic activity.

7. Factors that determine the productivity and competitiveness of production in the modern economy.

8. The essence and functions of money in the economy.

9. Efficiency in the use of resources.

10. The value of the social division of labor.

11. Two sides of the social division of labor - specialization and cooperation.

12. The benefits of social cooperation of labor: joint work,

learning by doing and comparative advantage.

13. Efficiency in the distribution of available resources.

14. The role of trade in the development of society.

15.Incentives and production efficiency.

16. Justice in the distribution of social benefits.

17. The essence of market relations.

18. The role of the state in regulating the economy.

Sociology.

1. The ratio of objective and subjective factors influencing social processes.

2. The role of spiritual and material values ​​in people's lives.

3. Social inequality and struggle.

4. Maintaining the stability of public life.

5. Progressive change (progress) in the organization of society.

6. Patterns of differentiation of male and female social roles.

7. Historically established unequal relationship between men and women.

8. Specific qualities cities.

9. Social nature of knowledge, thinking, activity of society.

10. Processes of information transfer between social groups.

11. Youth as a social community.

12. Features of the socialization of the generations entering into life.

13. Features of the lifestyle of young people.

14. Formation of life plans, goals and value orientations.

15. Social mobility.

16. Performing various social roles.

17. Science as social institution.

18. Social features Sciences.

19. Education as a social institution, its functions in society and the relationship with other social institutions.

20. Interaction of religion and society.

21. Family as a social institution and a small group.

22. The structure and functions of the family, patterns of family behavior.

23. Man's attitude to work, his social activity.

24. The impact of globalization on local life.

25. Influence of national factors on social structure and population migration.

26. National identity.

27. Trends in interethnic relations.

28. Interethnic conflicts.

29. National features of value orientations and stereotypes of behavior.

Political science.

1. Politic system society and its role in society.

2. Place and role of the state in the political system of society.

3. Parties and social movements in the political system of society.

4. Features of modern political relations.

5. Subjects of policy.

6. World politics and international relations.

7. Types of human attitude to politics.

8. Regulation of political behavior and political activities.

9. The ratio of goals and means in politics.

10. Political progress and its criteria.

11. Relationship between economics, politics and law.

12. The essence and features of political power.

13. The nature and functions of political power.

14. Legitimacy of political power and its types.

15. Political regime: concept and signs.

16. The essence of a democratic regime.

18. Totalitarian regime.

19. The political system of society: the concept, functions and structure.

20. The origin of the state.

21. Essence and features of the state.

22. State sovereignty.

23. State power as special variety social power.

24. The form of the state and its elements.

25. Relationship between society and the state.

26. Civil society: concept, structure, features.

27. Correlation and interrelation of the state and law.

28. Legal state: concept and principles.

29. Separation of powers as a principle of the rule of law.

30. State and individual: mutual responsibility.

31. The concept, functions, types and structure of political parties.

32. Party systems.

33. Socio-political movements, pressure groups.

34. Political relations.

35. Political pluralism.

36. The essence and structure of the political process.

37. Revolution and reform as types of political transformations.

38. Political modernization..

39. Rebellion, revolt, rebellion, coup as types of political process.

40. Political campaigns: their strategy and tactics.

41. Populism: concept and features.

43. Political decision.

44. Essence and functions of political leadership.

45. Political consciousness: concept, structure, functions.

46. ​​The role of ideology in politics.

47. Political culture: concept and structure, types.

48. Interaction of the individual, society and the state.

49. The functioning of political norms, values, expectations, orientations and aspirations inherent in various social groups.

50. Interaction of the institution of law with other social institutions.

Right

1. Law as a regulator of public life.

2. Social value of law.

3. The essence and specific features of the state.

4. The political system and the role of the state in it.

5. Law and morality: similarities and differences.

6. Lawmaking: principles, types, lawmaking process.

7. The mechanism for the implementation of fundamental rights, freedoms and duties of the individual.

8. State and civil society.

9. The concept, signs of a welfare state.

10. legal nihilism and ways to overcome it.

11. Offenses: concepts, signs and composition.

12. Types of offenses.

13. Essence of legal responsibility.

14. Legal culture.

How to formulate your own opinion in an essay?

The next step is to determine your attitude to the problem identified in the analysis of the statement. Personal attitude to the chosen topic should be recorded in the text of the essay in a clearly defined wording (“I agree”, “I disagree”, “I do not completely agree”, “I agree, but partially”, or phrases similar in meaning and meaning) . A clear and intelligible expression of one's own attitude to the position of the author of the statement is necessary - in many cases, schoolchildren fail to convey their attitude through the context, a system of justifications and arguments, which can lead to a decrease in expert assessment.

The presence of a personal value judgment is one of the criteria on the basis of which an essay is evaluated by experts. At the same time, it must be remembered that such a wording is not enough to obtain 1 (one) evaluation score of the examination paper. In accordance with the K2 essay evaluation criterion, one's own opinion must be justified. Therefore, the phrase "I agree" must necessarily have a continuation: "I agree with the author's opinion, because ...", "I do not agree with the position stated by the author, because ...".

It is advisable to draw the attention of graduates to the fact that a position that assumes agreement with the author's point of view, as a rule, turns out to be more advantageous in the examination paper, since the author's statement itself may contain an indication of possible ways to resolve the problem.

Sometimes the problem raised by the author of the statement turns out to be complex, which does not allow the graduate to formulate an unambiguous answer. In this case, it can be recommended to fix your own position in the text of the essay in the following wording: "On the one hand, I agree with the author, on the other hand, I am ready to argue with him." At the same time, it should be remembered that this opinion will require arguments “for” and “against”.

It should be borne in mind that, unlike essays on literature, the scores do not reflect the ideological position of the author of the work. The author can express positions optimistic and pessimistic, progressive and regressive, liberal and conservative, left and right. The main thing is to be able to argue your point of view. However, it is impossible to violate the laws of our country - to call for the overthrow of the existing system, to preach extremist views. The name of the author remains unknown only until the moment of grading, after which he can be identified and even punished.

What is meaning correct use of social science terminology in an essay?

The chosen topic should be disclosed using the conceptual and terminological apparatus and the theoretical content of a particular science.

The use of terms, concepts, definitions in the essay testifies to the student's knowledge of the basics of social sciences, speaks of the theoretical preparedness of the graduate. Therefore, the operation of the conceptual apparatus should be competent, appropriate, in relation to the chosen topic and science.

The essay should not be overloaded with terminology, especially if these concepts are not related to the chosen problem. Unfortunately, graduates often try to insert as many terms as possible into their work, violating the principle of expediency and reasonable sufficiency.

It is interesting to note that for grammatical errors, even in social science terms, the mark for an essay in social studies is not reduced. However, the presence of a large number of such errors worsens the overall impression of the expert from the essay. In addition, not paying attention to the correct spelling of words often leads to embarrassment when the incorrect spelling of a word distorts the very thought of the author. For example, in the definition of the political process, the graduate wrote “goal of political events” instead of the phrase “a chain of political events”, which led to an incorrect explanation of the meaning of the quote and giving “O” points.

How to present arguments?

We remind you that the argument must be carried out at two levels: theoretical and empirical.

The theoretical level involves relying primarily on knowledge of social science material (concepts, signs, factors, directions of scientific thought, disclosure of contradictions, coverage of hypotheses, etc.)

The empirical level provides coverage of the problem in three directions:

1) the use of examples from history and literature;

2) appeal to social realities;

3) reliance on personal experience.

How many and what arguments should be given?

The number of arguments in an essay is not limited, but 3-5 arguments are the most optimal for revealing the topic.

You need to be very careful when choosing arguments to support your point of view. Arguments must be convincing and substantiated. As arguments, data from relevant sciences, historical facts, and facts from public life are used. Arguments of a personal nature (examples from personal life) are rated the lowest, so they should be given with extreme caution.

It should also be remembered that examples from history are most appropriate in political science, partly in jurisprudence and sociology, and also in philosophical topics related to the theory of social progress. Examples from social practice (public life) - in sociological, economic, legal topics. The data of the relevant sciences must necessarily be used when choosing any of the topics.

A favorable impression is created if the graduate in his essay indicates the points of view of other researchers on the issues under consideration, gives a link to different interpretations of the problem and different ways to solve it (if possible). Indication of other points of view can be direct (for example: “Gorbachev M.S. thought so: ..., and Yeltsin B.N. - otherwise:..."), and can be indirect, non-personalized: "A number of political scientists think so: ..., others - differently: ..., and some - offer a completely different: ... ".

Arguments must be presented in strict sequence, the internal logic of the presentation in the essay must be clearly traced. The student should not jump from one to another and again return to the first without explanation and intercom, docking individual provisions of their work.

An argumentative essay, based on logically constructed facts, seeks to convince the reader to agree with some opinion, perform some action, or do both. The authors of argumentative essays achieve their goal through rational influence, based on immutable truths, opinions of authorities, primary sources of information, statistical data, etc.; emotional and ethical impact.

How to open multi-aspect topics?

The next step assumes that the examinee breaks the problem into several components (identifies aspects of the problem), which he will further disclose. Thus, the student outlines the main directions of disclosure of the problem, creates a kind of "skeleton" of a mini-essay.

It is not necessary to disclose all the identified aspects in a mini-essay - you can choose a few of the most advantageous of them. At the same time, it is recommended to fix all the identified aspects in the text of the essay, and then indicate which of them will be deployed. Note that the presence of a clear structure of the essay, reflecting the structure of the problem raised in the statement, creates the conditions for writing a high-quality essay and obtaining a high expert score.

Next, you need to outline the range of aspects that will be disclosed in detail. It can be advised to recall famous scientists, philosophers who have studied this issue, various scientific views on this aspect. This material, introduced into the context of a mini-essay, is very advantageous.

Further work on the essay is connected with the involvement of the facts necessary to disclose the problem (aspects of the problem). In principle, it is possible to use the facts of social life, models of social objects and processes. When writing a social science essay of a mini-essay, it is not recommended to use everyday everyday experience: in a non-generalized form, its use may indicate the low quality of the student's social science skills and significantly reduce the expert assessment of the work. You should also not use unfamiliar historical and literary material. In this case, serious factual errors are often made, which reduces the impression of the expert from the work.

The facts selected for the disclosure of the problem are used as an illustration of the main theoretical positions, reasoning of the graduate, however, they can also be the starting point of reflection. It is necessary to avoid excessive enthusiasm for facts in the process of writing an essay, otherwise it may become descriptive, lose the character of reasoning, reflection, i.e. its theoretical content. At the same time, it is impossible to completely refuse to involve facts, since reliance on knowledge of the realities of public life is one of the assessed elements.

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  • Is life worth living? This is a question for the embryo, not for the man.
    Samuel Johnson

    Life may not be worth living, but what else can you do with it?

    Is there a meaning to life? Watching when.
    David Samoilov

    Life has exactly the value we want to give it.
    Ingmar Bergman

    One must love life more than the meaning of life.
    Fedor Dostoevsky

    If there is no pleasure in life, then there must be at least some meaning.
    Maxim Zvonarev

    If you suddenly found the meaning of life, it's time to consult a psychiatrist.
    Unknown American

    If a person begins to be interested in the meaning of life or its value, this means that he is sick.
    Sigmund Freud

    The highest shame is to lose the meaning of life for the sake of life.
    Juvenal

    They start thinking about life and money when they come to an end.
    Emil Krotky

    The tasks given to us by life are not answered in the end.
    Emil Krotky

    Life diverts our attention all the time; and we don’t even have time to notice from what exactly.
    Franz Kafka

    We are tied to life by those to whom we serve as a support.
    Maria Ebner Eschenbach

    If someone asked life for a thousand years: why do you live? - she would not say anything other than: I live to live. Life lives without any "why" and lives itself.
    Meister Eckhart

    To live is like to love: all reasonable arguments are against, and all healthy instincts are for.
    Samuel Butler

    In a dialogue with life, it is not her question that matters, but our answer.
    Marina Tsvetaeva

    What hour is the most important in life, and what person is the most significant, and what is the most necessary thing to do? The most important hour is always the real one, the most significant person is that one. who is now in front of us, and the most necessary thing is love.
    Attributed to Meister Eckhart

    A life endowed with meaning does not ask about it.
    Theodor Adorno

    You can not ask about the meaning of life - this meaning must be invested in it.
    Romain Gary

    You will not have time to find the meaning of life, as it has already been changed.
    George Carlin

    The drinker always has a purpose in life.
    Arkady Davidovich

    The goal of life is the striving for immortality (even if only for a name); the meaning of life is the choice of the path (and deeds) to achieve the goal ...
    A. Ananiev

    Life without a goal is a man without a head.
    Assir

    Man lives on earth not to become rich, but to become happy.
    Stendhal

    To know the goal towards which we are striving is prudence; to achieve this goal is the fidelity of the view; to dwell on it is strength; to get further than the target is audacity.
    S. Duclos

    Great minds set goals; other people follow their desires.
    W. Irving

    Man's primary goal is to be a man. The ultimate goal of man is to be a man, and at each stage of the development of the human goal it remains the same - to be a man.
    F. Iskander

    A man without a goal is like a bird without wings.
    Kazakh.

    Man's destiny is to achieve perfection through freedom.
    I. Kant

    The most unbearable thing is that it is useless to live in the world.
    N. Karamzin

    Blessed is he who has found his work, let him not seek another bliss. He has a job and a purpose in life.
    T. Carlyle

    Our main task is not to direct our gaze and attention to what is in the foggy distance, but to do things that are in the immediate vicinity before us.
    T. Carlyle

    The magnet points north and south; it depends on a person to choose a good or bad path of life.
    Kozma Prutkov

    The most reliable compass on life path- target.
    B. Krutier

    Most people who are striving for a goal are more likely to make one big effort than to persevere along the chosen path; due to laziness and inconstancy, they often lose the fruits of their best undertakings and allow those who set off later than they, and walked more slowly, but without stopping, to overtake them.
    J. La Bruyère

    If the goal itself is bad, then it is unreasonable, and where there is no reason, there is no greatness.
    J. La Bruyère

    A far-sighted person must determine a place for each of his desires and then fulfill them in order. Our greed often disturbs this order and causes us to pursue so many goals that in chasing trifles we miss the essential.
    F. La Rochefoucauld

    It often seems to a person that he owns himself, when in fact something owns him; while his mind strives for one goal, his heart imperceptibly draws him to another.
    F. La Rochefoucauld

    Will the messenger of deliverance come
    Open my life's destination
    The goal of hopes and passions.
    M. Lermontov

    A life passed without serving the broad interests and tasks of society has no justification.
    N. Leskov

    The slowest person, if he does not lose sight of the goal, goes faster than the one who wanders aimlessly.
    G. Lessing

    Whenever I have to die, I want people who knew me best to say that I always weeded thistles and grew flowers wherever I thought flowers could grow.
    A. Lincoln

    Life reaches its peaks in those moments when all its forces are directed towards the implementation of the goals set for it.
    D. London

    Failure is not a crime; it is criminal to set goals below one's capabilities.
    D. Lowell

    The true goal is one, but the false ones are myriad.
    Lucian

    Nothing can be done well if you do not know what you want to achieve.
    A. Makarenko

    A goal is a dream that must come true by a specific date.
    X. McKay

    The task of life is not to be on the side of the majority, but to live in accordance with the inner law that you are aware of.
    Marcus Aurelius

    We humans are born to help each other, as the hand helps the hand, the leg helps the foot, and the upper jaw helps the lower jaw.
    Marcus Aurelius

    Whoever does not always have the same goal in life, he himself cannot be one and the same all his life. What has been said is not enough if you do not add what this goal should be ... we must set ourselves precisely a social and civil one. Because whoever directs all his aspirations towards it, all his deeds will become similar, and therefore he himself will always be the same.
    Marcus Aurelius

    Despite any obstacles, I will go to my goal.
    K. Marx

    An end that requires wrong means is not a right end.
    K. Marx

    People should be valued according to the goals they set for themselves.
    N. Miklukho-Maclay

    It seems to me that the most perfect is that which achieves its goals at the lowest cost.
    C. Montesquieu

    The role of man is to understand the facts offered to him by life, organize them and build a more just world.
    A. Morua

    The goal is not to “succeed”, to achieve “mortal things”, but to have the right, looking into your soul in the light of conscience, to make sure that you can be proud of what you have done, or at least not blush for it.
    A. Morua

    Everything is determined by what you are looking for in life, and also by what you ask of yourself and others.
    S. Maugham

    Many are stubborn in regard to the path once chosen, few in regard to the goal.
    F. Nietzsche

    The one who answered himself the question: “Why live?” - will be able to endure almost any answer to the question: "How to live?"
    F. Nietzsche

    When the struggle of life has already turned into a conscious striving for a certain goal, then a person can already consider himself happy, even if he had to fall and die on the road.
    D. Pisarev

    The goal of life is chosen not by character, but by the mind; and the choice, good or bad, is determined by the mental development and knowledge that a person has at the time when he has to choose.
    D. Pisarev

    To understand what is right, to feel what is beautiful, to desire what is good - this is the goal of intelligent life.
    A. Platen

    Living only for himself... dead for others.
    Publilius Sir

    In order to set all his powers in motion, a man must place before himself some noble goal capable of inspiring him.
    E. Renan

    When a person has some life goal time does not slow down its run, but speeds it up.
    A. Rivarol

    If selfish well-being is the only goal of life, life quickly becomes aimless.
    R. Rolland

    When a person is full of life, he does not ask himself why he lives; he lives to live, because living is a hell of a nice thing.
    R. Rolland

    There is no life for that
    Who is looking for food in the vanity of vanities.
    A. Rumi

    In metric certificates they write where a person was born, when he was born, and they just do not write what he was born for.
    M. Safir

    Our main task should be that we do not follow, like cattle, the leaders of the herd, that we go not where others go, but where duty dictates.
    Seneca the Younger

    There are people who live without any purpose, they pass through the world like blades of grass: they do not float in the river, they are carried.
    Seneca the Younger

    When a person does not know which pier he is on his way to, not a single wind will be favorable for him.
    Seneca the Younger

    Life, not sanctified by a sense of duty, would have, in essence, no value.
    S. Smiles

    A person who has chosen a reasonable and reasonable life should not rejoice at all.
    Socrates

    I believe that it is impossible to live better than trying to be better, and that there is no greater pleasure than to feel that you are really getting better. This is the happiness that I have not ceased to experience until now and to which my conscience testifies to me.
    Socrates

    Human life is reasonable only when it is understood as service.
    L. Tolstoy

    Human life, full of bodily suffering, which can be interrupted at any second, this life, in order not to be the most gross mockery, must have a meaning, such that the meaning of life would not be violated either by its sufferings, or by its duration or shortness.
    L. Tolstoy

    The shortest expression of the meaning of life can be this: the world is moving and improving. the main task- contribute to this movement, submit to it and cooperate with it.
    L. Tolstoy

    You cannot swim and row without knowing where you are sailing, and you cannot live and make your life without knowing why.
    L. Tolstoy

    The right way is: learn what your predecessors did and move on.
    L. Tolstoy

    A person who is conscious of his destiny is thereby conscious of his dignity.
    L. Tolstoy

    If striving comes from a pure source, it can still bring great benefits, even if it does not succeed completely, if it does not reach the goal.
    I. Turgenev

    Fulfillment of duty: this is what a man should be concerned about.
    I. Turgenev

    Whoever strives for a great goal should no longer think about himself.
    I. Turgenev

    Life is colorful and varied - that's why it is so difficult to comprehend it.
    T. Wilder

    The purpose of life is self-expression. To manifest our essence in all its fullness - that's what we live for.
    O. Wilde

    Purpose in life is the core human dignity and human happiness.
    K. Ushinsky

    The labor and strength of those who lived before us live in us. May, in turn, future generations be able to live thanks to our work, thanks to the strength of our hands and our minds. Only in this case we will adequately fulfill our purpose.
    J. Fabre

    Act! Act! This is what we exist for.
    I. Fichte

    The progress of sciences and machines is a useful means, but the only end of civilization is the development of man.
    E. Flaiano

    There is no sacred purpose other than the purpose of serving freedom and the development of the individual.
    S. Frank

    In the end, it turns out that no pursuit of happiness in itself can be either a basic principle or an ultimate goal. human life.
    V. Frankl

    The main thing in this world is not where we stand, but in which direction we are moving.
    O. Holmes

    Works are determined by their ends; then the deed is called great, which has a great goal.
    A. Chekhov

    The higher the person in mental and moral development, the freer he is, the more pleasure life gives him.
    A. Chekhov

    A purposeful person finds means, and when he cannot find them, he creates them.
    W. Channing

    The purpose of human life is service, showing compassion and willingness to help people.
    A. Schweitzer

    If a person does not have a goal in life, he comes up with an ersatz.
    I. Shevelev

    He lives in the world to carry his belly.
    I. Shevelev

    A person grows as his goals grow.
    F. Schiller

    No end is so lofty as to justify unworthy means to achieve it.
    A. Einstein

    The meaning of life is only a life lived for the sake of others.
    A. Einstein

    A person who considers his life meaningless is not only unhappy, he is hardly fit for life at all.
    A. Einstein

    Understanding the world and loving it are two tasks that are not easy to reconcile.
    R. Emerson

    Achieve a dream come true the greatest meaning human life.
    A. Yakovlev

    The main question of life is not "what can I get?" , but “what can I give away?”
    R. Baden-Powell

    Without a goal there is no activity, without interests there is no goal, and without activity there is no life. The source of interests, goals and activities is the substance of social life.
    V. Belinsky

    Life becomes meaningless if we are not connected with other people by warm feelings of kinship and if we do not feel that we are creating and benefiting.
    L. Bennion

    Anyone who left behind at least one bright, new thought, at least one useful feat for mankind, did not die childless.
    A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky

    Anyone who understands that the meaning of human life lies in anxiety and anxiety will already cease to be an inhabitant.
    A. Blok

    A person's life has meaning as long as he brings meaning to the lives of others through love, friendship, compassion and protest against injustice.
    S. Beauvoir

    The concept of "happiness" and the concept of "meaning of life" cannot be separated from each other, as a consequence from the cause, and vice versa.
    Y. Bondarev

    If a person has no purpose, then his life is nothing but a long death.
    P. Buast

    Wealth cannot be a worthy goal of human existence.
    F. Bacon

    A thousand times worthless are those who strive only for this in order to fill their belly with food; but that person who sees his own benefit in the benefit of others is the first among the righteous.
    "Vikramacharita"

    When people devote themselves to service, life ceases to be meaningless for them.
    D. Gardner

    Through the realization of great goals, a person discovers in himself a great character that makes him a beacon for others.
    G. Hegel

    The purpose of our earthly existence is to nurture humanity, and all low vital needs only serve it and must become reason, subtle feelings - art, attraction - noble freedom and beauty, motive forces - philanthropy.
    I. Herder

    A person must develop from himself, find in himself, understand what constitutes his purpose, his goal ...
    A. Herzen

    High goals, even if they are impossible, are dearer to us than low goals, even if they are achieved.
    I. Goethe

    Give a man a purpose worth living for, and he can survive in any situation.
    I. Goethe

    To live in the world and not signify one's existence in any way - that seems terrible to me.
    N. Gogol

    Truth and honest life- this is the purpose of my thoughts.
    Horace

    Every man must justify his existence. That is, to answer the question why he lived, what he did.
    B. Gorbatov

    A person who does not know what he will do tomorrow is unhappy.
    M. Gorky

    Two meanings in life - internal and external,
    At the outside - business, family, success;
    And the inner - obscure and unearthly -
    Everyone is responsible for everyone.
    I. Huberman

    A truly serious desire for any goal is half the success in achieving it.
    W. Humboldt

    Our main goal in this life is to help other people. If you can't help them, at least don't harm them.
    T. Gyatso

    The purpose of life is not to die even after death.
    M. Jalil

    The completion of life, both short and long, is determined only by the purpose for which it is lived.
    D. Jordan

    If there is no goal, you do nothing, and you do nothing great if the goal is insignificant.
    D. Diderot

    To try to leave behind us more knowledge and happiness than we had before, to improve and increase the inheritance we have received - this is what we must work on.
    D. Diderot

    Life is too short to allow yourself to live it miserably.
    B. Disraeli

    If I could keep even one heart from breaking, if I could ease the sorrow of just one life, or cool the pain, or return a fallen chick to the nest, my life would not be in vain.
    E. Dickinson

    Oh, to eat, to sleep, to spoil, and to sit on soft things - for too long it will attract a person on earth ...
    F. Dostoevsky

    The one who does not understand his purpose is most often deprived of self-esteem.
    F. Dostoevsky

    Let a person live for a short time - his life is happy if he lived it for the sake of his neighbors.
    Ancient Ind.



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