What is the world of fairy tales for you. Hidden meaning in Russian folk tales

One of the characteristic components of the folklore of any country is the presence of fairy tales. And our country is no exception here. All of you probably remember how, in childhood, one of your parents or, for example, a grandmother, read you a bedtime story so that you would close your eyes and fall asleep sooner. A calm and monotonous native voice, telling about something very interesting before going to bed, acts truly soothing and soporific. However, we will not talk about the effect that reading fairy tales have on bedtime, but about the meaning that is embedded in these fairy tales, but very often remains incomprehensible due to the fact that it is hidden. And not only children, but even adults cannot understand it.

The fact is that fairy tales are often permeated with the deepest symbolism, and are also inexhaustible and information about all kinds of events of antiquity. In most fairy tales there are no random images and characters, titles, names and words, but semantic load it can be so deep that you are simply amazed - akin to a Russian nesting doll, inside which there is another, and inside it - another one, etc., the main meaning of a fairy tale can lurk somewhere in its depths - under a layer of simpler semantic layers . All levels of a fairy tale can be a window into unknown world the structure of the universe and the foundations of life.

We all should know that fairy tales, in addition to the usual everyday educational function, can also perform a number of other, more complex ones, for example:

• Reveal the secrets of the universe and other secret knowledge
• point to the cycle of life
• Serve astronomical or natural
• Be a repository of history
• Connect with ancestors
• Talk about initiation rites when a person passes from childhood to adulthood
• Guiding the person on the path personal growth etc.

In many tales, the directions presented can not only run alongside each other, but also intersect and even synchronize. The characters of fairy tales are some symbols, each of their actions carries sacred meaning, and the paths they take point to specific methods of obtaining secret knowledge and achieving inner harmony. Fairy tales are often compared even with magical formulas that lose their power if they are not pronounced correctly.

And let's take a look at several well-known Russian folk tales as examples. It is not a fact that our transcripts will fully reflect the truth, but they can still serve as a kind of algorithm for understanding the hidden meaning inherent in fairy tales.

So, consider three tales: "Turnip", "According to pike command"and" Koshchei the immortal.

Fairy tale "Turnip"

What do we know from the story? We know that grandfather planted a turnip, and due to a particularly fruitful year, it grew to a very large size. To pull out the turnip, the grandmother, granddaughter, Bug, cat and mouse came running to the aid in turn. They were able to pull the turnip out only when they pulled it all together.

Hidden meaning: If we talk about the hidden, esoteric meaning of this tale, then it tells us about the knowledge that was accumulated by the ancestors who lived in ancient times. The turnip acts as the roots of the clan, and it was planted by the first ancestor - the same grandfather, who is the oldest and wisest.

The grandmother in this tale symbolizes the traditions of the house; father - support and protection of the family; mother - guardianship, warmth and love; granddaughter - continuation of the family; Bug - protection of welfare; cat - a blessed state in the house and; and the mouse is wealth.

Each of the presented images is closely connected with each other, and together they represent one whole. Only by connecting all the parts together, a person is able to achieve true harmony of being, learn to live in, when everything that is inside a person, and everything that surrounds him outside, comes into line with each other.

Fairy tale "By the command of the pike"

What do we know from the story? A young man named Emelya sat on the stove and did nothing. One day, going to the river for water, he caught a pike. Pike asked Emelya to let her go, and in return agreed to fulfill several wishes. After some thought, Emelya asked the pike for a princess and a palace, which he received in the end, and also became handsome.

Hidden meaning: The stove symbolizes the space of consciousness, in which the hero of the fairy tale was most of the time, and from which he really did not want to get out, because. contemplated himself all the time. However, a person cannot be in harmony if his inner world nothing to do with the outside.

"Acquainted" with the pike, Emelya realized his true desires and acquired the intention, which is expressed in the words: “According to pike command at my will." The pike, in turn, represents mother nature, in relation to which Emelya showed attentiveness. And only then nature gave him the opportunity to realize his intentions and self-awareness.

The phrase: "At the pike's command, at my will" means the unity of the two facets of being - the Spirit of man and his Soul. Pike can also be interpreted as "Schura", i.e. ancestor - the ancestor of everything and the human spirit. The river, from which Emelya decided to draw water, is a kind of energy-informational channel, which can only be penetrated by abandoning the constraining beliefs. Ultimately, Emelya, through the release of his spirit, reached the possibilities inaccessible to a person in an ordinary state of consciousness and became the master of his own destiny. In addition, Emelya's becoming a handsome prince is a manifestation of inner beauty on the outer plane.

Fairy tale "Koschey the Immortal"

What do we know from the story? Koschey is an evil lord dark kingdom dungeons, regularly stealing beautiful girls. He is wealthy, and outlandish birds and animals live in his possessions. Koshchei is served by the Serpent Gorynych, who has a huge amount of secret knowledge, which is why he has great power. Koschei is considered immortal, and he cannot be defeated by ordinary means, although, if there is a desire, one can learn unusual ways, which, as a rule, Baba Yaga reveals to Ivan Tsarevich.

Hidden meaning: If we turn to the pantheon of the gods of the Slavs, we will see that Koschey is one of the manifestations of Chernobog, who rules over Naviu, Darkness and the Pekelny kingdom. Koschei also personifies the winter cold, and the girls whom he steals - the life-giving power of Nature and spring. Ivan Tsarevich is a symbol sunlight and spring thunder, accompanied by rain (we remember the god Perun), in search of Koshchei, which is facilitated by all natural forces. Having defeated Koshchei, Ivan Tsarevich, darkness and death.

As we know, Koshchei's death can be found in an egg, which is a symbol of rebirth and the possibility of being of all things that can be. Based on this, Koschey is at the beginning of Everything, and his death is equated with the emergence of the world.

The needle, on the tip of which is Koshcheev's death, is a reference to the World Tree connecting underworld, earth and sky, as well as the winter and summer solstices. Koshchei can be interpreted as the winter solstice, and Ivan Tsarevich as the summer solstice. They are always in a state of struggle with each other. The death of one is the birth of another, just like winter leaves and summer comes, and then this cycle repeats itself.

And one more detail: Koschei the Immortal is an attempt to scare Ivan Tsarevich, which contains a completely different message - Koschey the Immortal is Koschey the Mortal Bes.

A little parting word

Time inexorably runs forward. The world is changing. And along with the world, a person and his perception are changing. Today, very few people can understand and explain the sacred and very deep meaning fairy tales of our wise ancestors, and, as you yourself managed to see, of course, there is. And the knowledge that was transmitted in these fairy tales, in general, may soon sink into oblivion. It is easy to see that over time, that thin connection that connected each other different generations of people.

In order to understand true essence fairy tales, especially Russian ones, a person should push his current worldview into the background, and try to look at the world and life in it, with which people who lived in those distant times looked at them, when fairy tales had just begun to appear.

The search for meaning, by all means, must be present, because the Laws of being, no matter how time is, no matter how developed society is, no matter how high-tech a person’s life is, have always remained and will remain the same. Therefore, let the tales of Koschey the Immortal, Baba Yaga, Ivan Tsarevich, Emel, Alyonushka and other characters be not just interesting notions for you, but those pointers that you will be guided by in your Everyday life, in which, it would seem, there is no true magic left at all.

Remember: there is magic, and it surrounds you everywhere!

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This year we have read a lot of Russian folk tales. Do other nations have such works? Are they similar to our fairy tales and how are they different? We have such questions.

What is a fairy tale?

Fairy tale - narrative folk work about fictional persons and events, mainly with the participation of magical, fantastic forces. folklore genre, striving on the basis of fantastic conventionality to give the most complete, generalized image of the world in which a person lives. The story accompanies us throughout our lives. Analyzing the actions of fairy-tale characters, we learn to think, to look for answers to many of our children's questions in a fairy tale. A fairy tale helps to prepare for a meeting with a huge world around. Fantasy and magic contribute to understanding the reality of life and human relationships. Through a fairy tale, the original history of peoples, as well as their traditions, customs and superstitions, is revealed to us.

Relevance of this work lies in the fact that the study of folk tales allows you to better understand the traditions and customs of different peoples, especially for children, so the language of presentation of data in fairy tales is very clear to them.

Object of study became Russian and German folk tales.

Subject of research are common and distinctive features Russian, German folk tales.

Goal of the work:

comparison of Russian and German folk tales.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1) get acquainted with the content of German fairy tales;

2) find out the construction of folk tales and their types;

3) identify common and distinctive features of Russian and German fairy tales;

4) compare and contrast Russian and German fairy tales;

Hypothesis: I assume that any fairy tale, no matter how it resembles the fairy tales of other peoples, is national.

The study used the following methods:

1) literature analysis;

2) comparison and comparison;

3) generalization;

The material for the study was Russian folk tales and German folk tales from the collections of the Brothers Grimm.

Chapter I

1.1. What is a fairy tale?

The most popular online dictionary Wikipedia gives this definition:

A fairy tale is one of the genres of folklore or literature. epic, mostly prose work magical, heroic or domestic character. The tale is characterized by the absence of claims to the historicity of the narration, the undisguised fictitiousness of the plot.

And in the dictionary S.I. Ozhegov about the fairy tale we read the following:

Fairy tale - 1. Narrative, usually folk poetic work about fictitious persons and events, predominantly. with the participation of magical, fantastic forces. 2. Fiction, lies (colloquial). 3. fairy tale. The same as a miracle (in 3 meanings) (colloquial).

In one of the very first dictionaries, the dictionary of V.I. Well, the story goes like this:

A fairy tale, a fictional story, an unprecedented and even unrealizable story, a legend. There are heroic, everyday, joker tales.

All fairy tales can be divided into the following types:

1. Folk, or folklore;

Folk tales, in turn, are divided into three types:

fairy tales about animals;

fairy tales;

household stories.

Animal Tales: animals from time immemorial have lived next to humans, so it is not surprising that they are often the main characters in folk tales. Moreover, in fairy tales, animals often have human qualities. Such fairy tale character immediately becomes more understandable to the reader. And the role of a person in the plot of a fairy tale can be primary, secondary or equal.

Fairy tales differ in that their characters act in a fantasy, unreal world, which lives and acts according to its own special laws, different from human ones. There are many magical events and adventures in such a fairy tale.

Fairy tales are classified by plot:

heroic tales associated with the struggle and victory over a magical creature - a snake, an ogre, a giant, a witch, a monster or evil wizard;

fairy tales related to finding or using some magical item;

fairy tales related to wedding trials;

fairy tales about the oppressed in the family (for example, about the stepdaughter and the evil stepmother).

household tales. A feature of everyday fairy tales is a reflection of everyday folk life and everyday life. In them rise social problems, negative human qualities and deeds are ridiculed. IN everyday fairy tale elements of a fairy tale may also be present.

1.2.Features of Russian and German folk tales.

Russian folk tales extremely diverse, but all fairy tales can be distinguished overall composition construction.

Fairy tale composition:

Beginning. ("Once upon a time, in a certain kingdom, in a certain state"),

Main part. (Interesting, unpredictable plot development),

Ending. (Climax, with good triumphant)

The most common in Russian performance are fairy tales about a snake fighter, about three kingdoms, about magic ring, about the miraculous deliverance from misfortunes. In the fairy tale, the trinity of repetitions is often used: three roads, three brothers, 33 years, etc. At the end of the tale, as a rule, sayings are used: “I was there too, they began to live and live and make good things.”

In Russian fairy tales, there are often repeated definitions: a good horse; Gray wolf; red girl; good fellow, as well as combinations of words: a feast for the whole world; go where the eyes look; hung his wild head; neither in a fairy tale to tell, nor to describe with a pen; soon a fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done; long, short, white-stone chambers.

The language of fairy tales is characterized by the use of nouns and adjectives with various suffixes, which give them a diminutive - pet meaning: small, brother, cockerel, sun ... All this makes the retelling smooth, melodious, emotional. Since ancient times, fairy tales have been close and understandable to ordinary people. Fantasy intertwined with reality. Living in need, people dreamed of flying carpets, palaces, self-assembled tablecloths. And always in Russian fairy tales justice triumphed, and good triumphed over evil. The storytelling is perfect. The tale gives the scheme of human relations. It shows the desire of the people to restore justice.

Russian folk tales are characterized by certain images of heroes: the image of a fool, a kind, cheerful, successful winner of all hardships of life; the image of a dexterous, brave soldier, the winner of death itself; the image of a wonderful worker; images of an insidious and vengeful king, a terrible monster that must be defeated; images of wonderful helpers, be it a wolf, a faithful horse, an old man grateful for the greetings.

German folk tale.

In 1812-1815. "Children's and Household Tales" by the Brothers Grimm were published. This edition became a model of the collecting activity of German folklorists throughout the 19th century. The Brothers Grimm collection gives a complete picture of German fairy tales and their characteristic features. German folk tales, both in their motives and in plots, have something in common with the tales of other peoples of Central Europe.

IN folk tales reflected ancient periods the history of mankind. In fairy tales, we meet with ideas about the transmigration of the human soul into the body of an animal or into a plant. The images of Germanic mythology, known to us from folk sagas, are also characters in fairy tales (especially giants and dwarfs, mermaids, kobolds and ghosts).

The stories of the era of classical antiquity were first brought to Germany in the 9th-10th centuries. traveling actors and jugglers. These were fairy tales, riddles, fables, fairy tales about animals and shvankas. From the 13th century in legends, fairy tales and shvankas there are stories about the poor and the rich, about the tailor in the sky, about the devil's brother.

Later, the tales of the Thousand and One Nights penetrated into Germany through France, which had a great influence on the development of the German fairy tale. The fairy tales of Perrault had no less influence. Some of the most famous and popular fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm come from these sources.

In the Middle Ages, fairy tales were told in all walks of life. Later, fairy tales continued to be told mainly among artisans, peasants, farm laborers, shepherds, servants, soldiers and beggars. They reflect their life most vividly. Increasingly, the heroes of the tale were tailors, shoemakers, peasants, retired soldiers, wandering artisans.

According to the composition in a German fairy tale, as a rule, there is a contrast between good and evil, poor and rich, high and low. It is characterized by the numbers 3, 7 (9) and 12. There are traditional beginnings and endings. Sometimes poetry is inserted into the story. At the beginning of a fairy tale, such poetic insertions are rarely made, more often they are in the middle of the story or at the end, as a final formula.

Chapter II

2.1. Comparison and analysis of fairy tales.

I read several German folk tales, and they reminded me of our Russian folk tales. These are fairy tales: The Bremen Town Musicians" is similar to the Russian folk "Wintering of the Beasts", the German "Runaway Pie" - the Russian "Gingerbread Man", "Mrs. Metelitsa" and "Moroz Ivanovich".

How are these stories similar and how are they different?

Comparison of Russian folk tales "Kolobok" and German folk tales "Runaway Pie". Type of fairy tales - household.

The main villain in the Russian fairy tale is the fox, since in all fairy tales the fox is the personification of cunning, and in the German one - the pig, as an ignorant, uneducated person.

In the fairy tale "Gingerbread Man" all the compositional moments of the fairy tale are observed, from the first words it is clear that this is a fairy tale: "Once upon a time there were ..", and the German fairy tale begins as a simple everyday story "Two women baked a pie ..."

There are song inclusions in the Russian fairy tale, which makes it more interesting.

Comparison of fairy tales of the Russian "Moroz Ivanovich" and the German "Mrs. Metelitsa"

According to the plot, the main characters and the construction of the tale are very similar to each other. There are also differences:

In the fairy tale "Moroz Ivanovich" all the compositional moments of the fairy tale are observed, from the first words it is clear that this is a fairy tale: "Once upon a time there were ..", and the German fairy tale begins as a simple everyday story "There was a widow's daughter, ..."

In a German fairy tale, the resin remained forever on the skin of her own daughter, she would live with her shame all her life, and at Lenivitsa the gifts of Moroz Ivanovich melted away and she has a chance to improve.

Conclusion.

After spending research work On this topic, we have come to the following conclusions:

1) The results of the study allowed us to trace which qualities and traits of a human character were considered the most important, the best, and which required censure.

2) These fairy tales helped us to better understand the culture of the Russian and German people and find a lot in common between them. It is obvious that these peoples were in contact with each other, this explains the similar plots of fairy tales.

In conclusion, I would like to note that knowledge national characteristics fairy tales various countries plays important role, allows us to better understand the characteristics and culture of different peoples.

Summarizing all of the above, it can be noted that the goal of the study has been achieved: similarities and differences between Russian and German fairy tales have been revealed.

List of used literature

Brothers Grimm. Collected works in one volume / per. with him. St. Petersburg: Leningrad Publishing House, 2011.

Grechko V.K., Bogdanova N.V. German language for children. Tales and entertaining stories. St. Petersburg: Comet, 2000.

Folk Russian fairy tales. From the collection of A.N. Afanasiev. M.: Fiction. 1991.

Tales of the peoples of the world in 10 volumes. Tales of the peoples of Europe. M.: Children's literature. 1988. Vol. 4.

http://detskie-skazki.com/russkie-narodnye-skazki/moroz-ivanovich.html Children's Tales.com

http://azku.ru/bratya-grimm-skazki/gospozha-metelica.html Tales. Network Library

Slavic fairy tales are the encrypted message of our Ancestors. Maybe that's why they survived to this day, not subjected to destruction. Now we can look at fairy tales familiar to us from childhood in a completely different plane. In order to understand Slavic fairy tales, you need to return to your origins, first to remember your ancient language and the meaning of each word, and then we will get a completely new information and the knowledge left to us by our Ancestors.

Up to late XVIII centuries, the intelligentsia and the clergy attributed fairy tales to the category of superstitions common people, which was invariably portrayed as wild and primitive. The dominant philosophical and ideological direction of that era - classicism - was oriented towards antiquity, flavored with Christian censorship, and European rationalism. There is nothing for a nobleman to learn from a peasant.

However, in early XIX century, along with the movement of romanticism to scientists, philosophers, poets comes the realization that the most ancient mythological consciousness largely determines the life and worldview of each person. You cannot leave your roots, for breaking with them is like separating a river from its source. “The study of old songs, fairy tales,” writes Pushkin, “is necessary for a perfect knowledge of the properties of the Russian language.” An intensive study of the legends preserved among the people begins, their deep value and worldview significance becomes obvious.

What do we know about the fairy tale today? A fairy tale is a means of forming a person's worldview in traditional Slavic culture. Along with the explanation moral values fairy tales contain a complete picture of the world. This picture of the world echoes the cosmological models presented in the mythologies of different peoples of the world. Such are the archetypes of the world mountain, the universal egg, the world tree, the motives of the hero's descent into the underworld or ascension to the higher worlds. We propose to consider the cosmological codes of Russian fairy tales, which can be understood by referring to the texts of the Vedas.

Scientists have established that once the ancestors of the Slavs, Iranians, Indians, Europeans lived together, were one people with a common culture and worldview. Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev wrote in the preface to his book Folk Russian Tales: “We have already spoken more than once about the prehistoric affinity of legends and beliefs among all the peoples of the Indo-European tribe.” To highlight the special closeness Vedic culture, preserved in India, and the traditional culture of the Slavs, Professor Rahul Sanskrityan used a special term - "Indoslavs". Thus, the presence of elements of Vedic cosmology in the Slavic fairy tale appears to be more than natural.

Kolobok

Let's start with the well-known folk tale "Gingerbread Man". Ball or pancake traditional culture- the symbol of the sun. Shrovetide pancakes symbolize the sun, because Maslenitsa absorbed the pagan holiday of the spring equinox. In the Old Slavonic "kolo" or "horo" - "circle", which indicates the sacred, "solar" meaning of the round dance. In Sanskrit, also "khala" - the sun, "ghola" - "circle", "sphere".
The gingerbread man is a symbol of the sun. We can understand the meaning of the movement of the kolobok and the fox eating it by referring to the Vedic idea of solar eclipse. In special nakshatras - combinations of constellations, the demon Rahu, according to the Vedas, “swallows” the sun, causing an eclipse. The fox performs the same function in the fairy tale.

What do the animals you meet symbolize? This can be understood if we remember that before the use of the Greek symbols of the Zodiac, the horoscope of the Slavs was zoomorphic. Different animals symbolized different constellations. Thus, at the astronomical level, the fairy tale kolobok is an exposition of the myth about a solar eclipse, about the movement of the sun across the sky. At the same level moral tale talks about the perniciousness of vanity.

Hen Ryaba

Another fairy tale known to everyone since childhood is "Rocked Hen". It is also necessary to start its analysis with the main character. In the myths of different peoples of the world, the universe is born from an egg, which is carried by a bird floating on the universal waters. In the Finnish Kalevala, the birth of the Universe is presented as the appearance of an egg: the maiden of heaven, she is also the “mother of water”, Ilmatr-Kave, turned into a duck, “the god of the most high Unko”, who appeared to her in the form of a drake. The duck laid the egg from which the universe was created:

From the egg, from the bottom
Mother earth came out damp,
From the egg from the top
Became a high vault of heaven

On a number of statues from the Prilvitz collection of the Retra temple ( Western Slavs) we see a duck on the head of the deities. Incl. number on the head of a man-lion, close to the Vedic Narasimha. This duck is a symbol of power over the universe.

In the original Vedic literature, the universal egg - brahmanda - is created by Brahma - the creator of the levels of the universe, through mystical mantras. The Bible says, "In the beginning was the word." According to the Vedas, this “word” is the original syllable “OM”, which gives Brahma the knowledge of how to create this world. Brahma lives in the higher worlds, called in Sanskrit "svarga". The Slavic deity Svarog and the word "bung" in the meaning of "create something" testify to the proximity of the Vedic Brahma to the Slavic Svarog.

What do we find in the story? Ryaba the hen lays a golden egg, which is broken by a mouse. The mouse is a chthonic creature associated in mythology with the earth. In the Mediterranean countries - Egypt, Palestine, Greece - it was believed that the mouse was born from the earth. In this case, it indicates the emergence of the earth, the firmament from the universal waters.
The golden color of the universal egg is also described in the Vedas. What is now known to scientists as " big Bang”, the Vedas call “the inhalation and exhalation of Vishnu”, the universal Being.

The Brahma-samhita (13-14) describes the creation of the universes exhaled by Vishnu and taken in again:

tad-roma-bila-jaleshu
bijam sankarshanasya ca
haimani andani jatani
maha bhuta vritani tu

“Divine seeds are born from the pores of Maha-Vishnu in the form of endless golden eggs. These golden grains are covered with the five main material elements. In his expansions, Maha-Vishnu enters each of the Universes, into each of the cosmic eggs.

So, the process of breaking the golden egg symbolizes the creation of the universe, the separation of the earth from the firmament. Who are grandfather and grandmother? In Slavic songs, close to ritual ones, there is often a song repetition (refrain) "oh did, oh lad". For example: “and we sowed millet. Oh, Did-Lado, they sowed. In the context of the reconstructed scheme, Grandfather was one of the epithets of Svarog, and Lada was his wife. The creation of the universe appears as a union of their creative potentials.

The Book of Veles also calls Svarog the "grandfather of the gods." “Praise be to Svarga Dida of God, as if you are waiting. Yes, Rodow Bozhska Nshchelniko, and the all-time family of Studits is prophetic, Yakov is born in summer on the roof of the sva, but in the snake he will never grow up. (“We also praise Svarog, the Grandfather of the Gods, because He is waiting for us. He is the head of the Clans of God and every kind of source that flows in summer and does not freeze in winter”).

magic mountain

After analyzing the two tales in full, let us dwell on some key elements of folk tales related to cosmology. The first such element is a golden or crystal mountain (for example, in the fairy tale “Copper, silver and golden kingdom"). The hero must climb the mountain or penetrate inside by means of hooks, swans, magical helpers.

The image of the golden mountain refers us to the Vedic Meru - the golden universal mountain. Meru - the abode of the gods in its upper part and the abode of demons - in the lower. We are more familiar with the archetype of the universal mountain in the version of the Greek Olympus. However, the "needle" in the egg, which is in the duck from the tales of Koshchei, is also a spatial symbol of Meru - the axis of the world, located in the ovoid universe. Here is a fragment of the fairy tale "Crystal Mountain", full of cosmological codes:

“Late in the evening, Ivan Tsarevich turned into an ant and crawled through a small crack into a crystal mountain, looks into crystal mountain the princess is sitting.
- Hello!, - says Ivan Tsarevich, - How did you get here?
- I was carried away by a snake with twelve heads, he lives on Father's Lake.

In that snake there is a chest, in the chest - a hare, in a hare - a duck, in a duck - an egg, in a testicle - a seed; if you kill him, and get this seed, then you can lime the crystal mountain and save me.

The "seed" in the egg from the above fragment is none other than Meru. The image of a glass or crystal mountain is also interesting. It is directly related to the theme of Hyperborea and the Arctic civilization. It points to the north, ice and icebergs. Koschei in folk tales, like Pushkin's Chernomor or the Vedic Kubera, is described as a resident of the "midnight mountains", the far north.

You can often hear the question about the relationship between the traditional Vedic worldview and the views of the followers of the Arctic theory. External contradictions are removed during the study of multidimensional Vedic cosmology. The Vedas explain that there are various projections of the mountain of the gods Meru in our world. Its astronomical projection is the North Pole, its geographical projections can be Pamir and Kailash. In the deepest understanding, Meru and other lokas (worlds) are not geographical concepts, but the levels of consciousness.

snake kingdom

If golden mountain in its upper part is the space of the gods, then nether worlds(caves at the base of Meru) are associated with the image of the serpent kingdom. In Bazhov's literary tale ("The Mistress of the Copper Mountain" and others), based on Ural tales, the theme of the cave world inhabited by magical snakes is developing. Some of them are hostile, and some may be friendly to a person.

The Vedas also describe a plane of existence called naga-loka - civilizations of intelligent snakes living in caves underground. Nagas have shape-shifting abilities and other mystical powers. Sometimes their world is also identified with the underwater kingdom. The Mahabharata describes how the hero Arjuna penetrates into another world, plunging into the water to take a bath and takes as his wife Ulupi, the queen of the Nagas, attracted by his beauty.

Apart from immersion in water, other ways to enter the underworld are to enter a cave or jump into a well. These motifs are not uncommon in Russian fairy tales. Time in these worlds flows at a different speed. One day of presence there is often equal to many tens of Earth years. “How long, how short” the journey lasts - it is impossible to say. These are not dungeons in the usual sense, but other dimensions of being, the entrance to which can be in a variety of "hidden" places.

Dense forest

Another symbol of otherness in Russian folk tales is a dense forest. It is also the space of another world. Often the forest is the border between the world of the dead and the living, where he must travel main character. A sign of another world is the absence of signs of life and movement, silence, or, conversely, the presence of intelligent plants and animals.

ABOUT KASHCHEY AND Baba Yaga

In a book written according to the lectures of P.P. Globes, we find interesting information O classic heroes Russian fairy tales: “The name “Koshchei” comes from the name of the sacred books of the ancient Slavs “blasphemer”. These were wooden bound tablets with the words written on them. unique knowledge. The keeper of this immortal inheritance was called “koshchei”. His books were passed down from generation to generation, but it is unlikely that he was truly immortal, as in a fairy tale. (...) And into a terrible villain, a sorcerer, heartless, cruel, but powerful, ... Koschey turned relatively recently - during the introduction of Orthodoxy, when all positive characters the Slavic pantheon was turned into negative ones. At the same time, the word “blasphemy” arose, that is, following ancient, non-Christian customs. (...) And Baba Yaga is a popular person with us. But to the end they could not denigrate her in fairy tales. Not just anywhere, but it was to her that they came to Hard time all Ivans-tsarevichs and Ivans-fools. And she fed them, watered them, heated a bathhouse for them and laid them down to sleep on the stove in order to show the right path in the morning, helped to unravel their most difficult problems, gave a magic ball that itself leads to the desired goal.

This knowledge partly confirms the Slavic idea of ​​Kashchei and Baba Yaga. But let us draw the reader's attention to a significant difference in the spelling of the names "Kashchei" and "Kashchei". These are two fundamentally different characters. That negative character that is used in fairy tales, with which everyone is fighting characters, headed by Baba Yaga, and whose Death is "in the egg", this is KASHCHEY. The first rune in the writing of this ancient Slavic word-image is “Ka”, meaning “gathering into oneself, union, unification”. For example, the runic word-image “KARA” does not mean punishment, as such, but means something that does not radiate, has ceased to shine, blackened, because it has collected all the radiance (“RA”) inside itself.

Slavic runic images are unusually deep and capacious, ambiguous and difficult for the average reader. Only the Veduns (priests) owned these images in their entirety. writing and reading a runic image is a serious and very responsible matter, it requires great accuracy, absolute purity of thought and heart.

Baba Yoga (Yogini-Mother) - Eternally Beautiful, Loving, Kind-hearted Goddess-Patron of orphans and children in general. She wandered around Midgard-Earth either on a Fiery Heavenly Chariot, or on horseback through the lands where our Ancestors lived, gathering homeless orphans in towns and villages. In every Slavic-Aryan Vesi, even in every populous city or settlement, the Patron Goddess was recognized by her radiant kindness, tenderness, meekness, love and her elegant boots, decorated with gold patterns, and they showed Her where orphans live. Simple people called the Goddess in different ways, but always with tenderness. Who is the Grandmother Yoga Golden Foot, and who is quite simply - the Yogini-Mother.

Yoginya delivered orphans to her foothill Skete, which was located in the very thicket of the forest, at the foot of the Iriysky mountains (Altai). She did this in order to save the last representatives of the most ancient Slavic and Aryan Clans from inevitable death. In the foothill Skete, where the Yogin-Mother led the children through the Fiery rite of initiation to the Ancient Higher Gods, there was a Temple of the God of the Family, carved inside the mountain. Near the mountain Temple of Rod, there was a special depression in the rock, which the Priests called the Cave of Ra. A stone platform was put forward from it, divided by a ledge into two equal recesses, called Lapata. In one recess, which was closer to the Cave of Ra, the Yogini-Mother laid the sleeping children in white robes. Dry brushwood was put into the second recess, after which LapatA moved back into the Cave of Ra, and the Yogini set fire to the brushwood. For all those present at the Fiery Rite, this meant that orphans were dedicated to the Ancient Higher Gods and no one else would see them in the worldly life of the Clans. Foreigners, who sometimes attended the Fire Rites, very colorfully told in their area that they watched with their own eyes how small children were sacrificed to the Ancient Gods, thrown alive into the Fiery Furnace, and Baba Yoga did this. The strangers were unaware that when the shovel platform moved into the Cave of Ra, a special mechanism lowered the stone slab onto the shovel ledge and separated the recess with the children from the Fire. When the Fire lit up in the Cave of Ra, the Priests of the Family carried the children from the paw to the premises of the Temple of the Family. Subsequently, Priests and Priestesses were raised from orphans, and when they became adults, young men and women created families and continued their lineage. The foreigners did not know any of this and continued to spread tales that the wild Priests of the Slavic and Aryan peoples, and especially the bloodthirsty Baba Yoga, sacrifice orphans to the Gods. These foreign tales influenced the Image of the Yogini-Mother, especially after the Christianization of Rus', when the Image of a beautiful young Goddess was replaced by the Image of an old, evil and hunchbacked old woman with matted hair, who steals children, roasts them in an oven in a forest hut, and then eats them. Even the Name of the Yogini-Mother was distorted and began to frighten all the children.

Very interesting, from an esoteric point of view, is the fabulous Instruction-Lesson that accompanies more than one Slavic folk tale:
Go There, I don't know Where, Bring That, I don't know What.
It turns out that this is not only an instruction (Lesson) that was given to fabulous fellows. This instruction was received by each descendant from the Clans of the Holy Race, who ascended the Golden Path Spiritual Development(in particular, mastering the “science of figurativeness”). The second Lesson of the First “science of imagery” begins with the fact that a person looks inside himself to see all the variety of colors and sounds inside himself, as well as to taste the Ancient Ancestral Wisdom that he received at his birth on Midgard-Earth. The key to this great fount of Wisdom lies in the ancient admonition: Go There, not knowing Where, Know That, you do not know What.

This Slavic Lesson is echoed by many folk wisdom mira: To seek wisdom outside oneself is the height of stupidity. (Chan saying) Look inside yourself and you will open the whole world. (Indian wisdom)

Slavic fairy tales have undergone many distortions, but, nevertheless, in many of them the Essence of the Lesson, embedded in the fable, remains. It is a fiction in our reality, but a reality in a different reality, no less real than the one in which we live. For a child, the concept of reality is expanded. Children see and feel much more energy fields and flows than adults. It is necessary to respect each other's realities. What is fiction for us is reality for the baby. That is why it is so important to initiate a child into the “correct” fairy tales, with truthful, original Images, without layers of politics and history.
The most truthful, relatively free from distortions are some of Bazhov's tales, the tales of Pushkin's nanny Arina Rodionovna, recorded by the poet almost verbatim, the tales of Ershov, Aristov, Ivanov, Lomonosov, Afanasyev.

When you tell this or that fairy tale to your child, knowing its hidden meaning, Ancient WISDOM, concluded in this fairy tale, is absorbed “with mother's milk”, on a subtle plane, on a subconscious level. Such a child will understand many things and correlations without unnecessary explanations and logical confirmations, figuratively, with the right hemisphere, as modern psychologists say.

For many centuries, fairy tales have been teaching the wisdom of life, talking about the world around us and interacting with it, educating us morally, instructing us to goodness and justice, love and duty. Children learn to comprehend the actions of fairy-tale characters, to determine where it is good, where it is bad. Fairy tales also teach children to love and respect their parents, instill a sense of belonging to everything that happens on earth, patriotism, courage and heroism.

Fairy tales can relieve fatigue after long journey or a hard day's work (it's not for nothing that the Russian Pomors - fishermen hired a professional "beast driver" for their artel and paid him a lot of money for telling fairy tales).

Let our children be brought up on our native Slavic fairy tales, grow up with them and become smart, wise, kind, strong like fairy-tale heroes!

Lena Grigorieva
Article "The meaning of fairy tales in the lives of our children"

Related article: « The meaning of fairy tales in the life of our children

Not so long ago, I was on advanced training courses and at one of the lectures I heard for myself very terrible: "It's time to move away from Russian folk fairy tales, i.e. to our it is already very difficult for modern children to explain some words that have not been used in life. There is a great deal of modern literature and modern fairy tales, where there is also a repetition of actions, etc. We need to move away from desires more our children and be interested in what they prefer.” DO NOT AGREE fundamentally, what is needed stop reading fairy tales» . AGREE, only with the fact that modern teacher, should know modern literature and as well as fairy tales use in your work.

Fairy tales have great importance in the development of our modern children.

The world of a child is full of fantasies, miracles and fairy tales. The whole vast outside world comes to life in the perception of the child.

Telling tales child is a very important stage in the development of the child! Thanks to fairy tales, we can teach the baby to distinguish between good and evil, we lay in him the desire for beauty. Thanks to fairy tales the child develops creative thinking and memory. Mentally, he creates images of previously unseen countries, large castles, valiant knights and beautiful princesses.

Korney Chukovsky wrote - the goal storyteller, and first of all folk - "to educate a child's humanity - this marvelous ability of a person to worry about other people's misfortunes, rejoice in the joys of another, experience someone else's fate as their own."

Through games, the child learns a lot, develops. Games with peers and adults allow you to acquire the necessary skills to communicate and interact with other people. Role-playing games ("daughters-mothers", "war", "shop") contribute to the assimilation social roles. Games with oneself develop sensations and the inner world of the child. But any such game has elements fabulousness where much depends on the power of the imagination. Fantasy and imagination are integral components of a child's perception.

Of course, there is a lot of information about surrounding reality the child receives through interaction with adults, in particular with parents. But still, most of the information about the values, culture and traditions of the society in which he lives, the child receives from fairy tales. Fairy tale introduces him to our world, our system of values ​​in the most accessible form for him. It allows you to understand and assimilate the laws life in the most accessible way for the child.

Fairy tale important not only for the knowledge of the world, but also as an educational moment. IN fairy tales there are warnings, instructive morality, a demonstration of a positive style of behavior. For example, in " fairy tale about sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka":

1. Listen to your elders.

2. Water from unfamiliar reservoirs should not be drunk.

Fairy tales"Morozko" and Tiny-havroshechka "indicate the value of politeness, good relations to people, hard work, respect for elders.

Mothers often protect their children warning -"do not talk to unfamiliar adults, etc., and teaches the child the same fairy tale"Little Red Riding Hood".

There are thousands of such examples, because each fairy tale contains a hidden lesson.

Throughout life we ​​tend to believe that good triumphs over evil, and injustice will be punished. We absorbed this hope in childhood, when we listened to fairy tales. After all, this principle is their main postulate.

I am sure for my children telling a story, try to compose fairy tales themselves, they fall asleep faster in the evening, plunging into a wonderful dream fairy world full of secrets and wonders. Often, I notice that in their sleep they smile. They probably have good, colorful dreams, where goodness and love reign!

If you yourself have at least a small creative streak, you can try to compose for a child yourself. fairy tale or together with a child with the moral that you want to convey to your baby. Fairy tales, you can compose at any age, even if at first they are not quite formulated and understandable. For that, your baby will develop both memory and thinking, speaking, imagination, etc. This is very exciting if, after your own fairy tales, you and your child will draw, mold or do the work using unconventional technique in drawing or application.

Read and compose fairy tales! Develop with your children.

Fairy tale plays a huge role in the life of children. This wonderful world Magic. Plunging into this world, the child comes into contact with a part of himself unknown. Direct perception at the moment of reading a fairy tale allows him to look into his own heart, deep subconscious moments will appear on the surface.

What does a fairy tale teach

If we turn to our history, it can be noted that in the old days, when a child committed a misdemeanor, they did not undertake to immediately punish him, but started a conversation with him, instructing him on the right path. After that, the child could think about his behavior, draw appropriate conclusions and no longer repeat mistakes.

The fairy tale has the same meaning for the upbringing and development of the child. Through the fairy tale, the kid gets the experience of the older generation. It contributes to the expansion of the perception of the world by the child, enriches spiritually, gives knowledge about life and its laws, promotes the development of imagination and lays creativity . Imagination helps him to enter the role of characters from a fairy tale, to live as if on own experience plots of the realities of a fairy tale, which makes his thinking more flexible and develops an intuitive perception of the world. The conclusions made after reading the fairy tale can be called the first life knowledge, experience. The fairy tale language is understandable and loved by children of any age, this is their element.

The story is useful and interesting for the child. It gives the child the opportunity to imagine himself in the place of all the heroes of the fairy tale. From the main character to the most insignificant secondary and even in place of the negative hero. It is important that the child can identify and identify himself with the hero and, having lived all his actions on the pages of a fairy tale, evaluate their results and consequences.

The protagonist of the tale teaches the child by his own example be active in any life situation Don't give up, don't step aside. He is credited with the most best qualities man: courage, courage, resourcefulness. And the quality that is lost in Lately, - kindness.

In fairy tales, there is a clear division of heroes into positive and negative, which allows the child to understand what is bad, what is good and form the right system of values.

Fairy tales are permeated with magic, shrouded in mystery. Written in poetic, figurative and metaphorical language. They give the child new sensations and impressions.

Good good fairy tale always ends well, no matter what happens throughout the story. Good conquers evil. Negative heroes change, realize something, get what they deserve or disappear from the world of this fairy tale. Goodies they also change, acquiring new qualities, and continue to live in the world of a fairy tale already in some other guise. All this forms an optimistic attitude towards life and a sense of justice.

All events in the fairy tale flow harmoniously and logically one from the other and the child easily captures the cause and effect of each occurring event.

Any fairy tale basically has several layers at once and therefore, read in different ages, will be perceived differently and solve different problems.

Skill is also an art. In order to have the effect of reading a fairy tale by parents, it is useful to take into account several points.

• The story can be read or told. But it is important to do this with expression, highlighting the climaxes with intonation or making a meaningful pause. This will give you the opportunity to go on an exciting, full of adventure the journey will strengthen your relationship and, in addition, give you the opportunity to observe the reactions of the child throughout the story.
• You need to read quietly, slowly and clearly pronounce the words. It depends on how your child's speech is formed, lexicon and the correct construction of sentences.
• Try not to make any changes to the narration of folk tales, taking into account our reality, if you are retelling a tale. Such additions and transformations can confuse the child and make it difficult to perceive the fairy-tale world. But this in no way cancels your inventing fairy tales for your baby.
• Read better original works. Shortened and simplified versions very often distort not only the meaning of the tale, but also violate the integrity of the characters' images.
• Don't get irritated when your child starts asking questions. Patiently explain what worries him or what the child cannot understand.
• Do not read more than one story at a time. After all, the child needs to pass it through himself in order to understand the meaning of the work.
• Let your child choose the story. If he often wants to listen to the same tale, then it is necessary for his consciousness in this moment and some important work is going on in the subconscious.
• Refrain from explaining to the child the meaning of the story read or told. It's better that he realizes everything himself. But you can ask leading questions, give comparisons or examples.

Adults often forget that they were little children and how impatiently they were waiting for the next fairy tale to be told. Therefore, do not spare your time and go with your child on this exciting journey more often. There you will find a world of joy, love, tranquility, courage and much that is sometimes lacking in our lives. And maybe together you can invite it into your reality.