>"Peasant, triumphant..."
In 1926, I studied at the Leningrad University at the Seminary (then they used to say "seminary" and not "seminar", as it is now) on Pushkin with L. V. Shcherba. Classes were held according to the method of "slow reading", which accustomed students to a deep philological understanding of texts. During the year we read only a few lines from " Bronze Horseman". We had all sorts of dictionaries and grammars at our disposal. We searched for a grammatically clear, philologically accurate understanding of the text, delved into the history of studying the meanings of each word. I remember that we devoted several lessons to finding out what the pronoun "them" refers to in the following lines:
Neva all night
Rushed to the sea against the storm,
Without defeating their violent dope ...
And she couldn't argue...
This difficulty is real, it cannot be solved unambiguously. But in Pushkin's verses there are imaginary difficulties caused by the fact that we are already poorly aware of some realities, features of life that were close to Pushkin.
In "Eugene Onegin" in chapter five, stanza II begins with the lines familiar to everyone from childhood:
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow...
Why "celebrating"? Has it become easier for the peasant to travel? Why is the "renewal of the path" on the freshly fallen snow associated with a peasant with some special celebration?
Pushkin knew peasant life, and everything that is connected in his poetry with the village is very accurate and not at all accidental.
The "triumph" of the peasant does not refer to the "renewal of the path" along the first road, but to the snow that has fallen in general. The preceding first stanza of the same chapter says:
That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting,
Snow fell only in January
On the third night.
If the autumn weather without snow had stood longer, the winter crops would have died. The peasant triumphs and rejoices in the snow, for the harvest is saved by the snow that fell "on the third of the night."
That such an interpretation is correct is proved by the beginning of the poem "Domovoi" (1819):
Estates of a peaceful invisible patron,
I beg you, my good brownie,
Keep the village, the forest and my wild garden,
And my modest family abode!
May the fields not be harmed by the dangerous coldness of the rains
And the winds of the late autumn forays;
Yes, the snows are beneficial at the time
Will cover the damp fat of the fields!
The next words - "snow smelling" - are obscure now. Why does a horse "smell the snow" but not see it? Why is she "trotting somehow"? On this occasion, I turned to a well-known literary critic and at the same time a master of equestrian sports, the author of the book "The Iron Message" D. M. Urnov. Here is what he wrote to me in a letter. With the kind consent of D. M. Urnov, I am quoting the text of his reply to me.
"Somehow" means here, as I understand it, reluctantly, timidly, cautiously. The horse does not like the wrong and unfamiliar road, and the snow has just fallen, creeping under the hoof, blackness comes across - the earth is unfilled, and even some familiar stump or a stone looks new, frightening. This is a common thing with any horse, not necessarily a peasant. Horses, as a rule, are blind, every spot under their feet seems like a hole to them. Some of them will never go through a shadow, a puddle, but you start to urge - they will jump, just like over a hole, but they won’t go like that. Besides, as I already said, the horse really doesn’t like it when the road is unsteady, its leg crawls, goes somewhere, fails. And now you drive out through the first snow, and the horse begins to resist. Sometimes it literally resists, stops in front of some stick blackening in the snow and does not go (just yesterday, through the mud, past the same stick as if nothing had happened!), but in general this is what the horsemen say - "rests ", that is, he goes reluctantly, and Pushkin, who traveled a lot in the countryside, knew this, of course.
"Snow sensing" - the horse first of all and mainly smells everything. Her eyes are relatively weak, her hearing is not bad, but the main thing is her flair.
Very often the reader is perplexed - how it is possible to "trot". In modern Russian, the lynx is associated with the fast running of a horse. But from the point of view of a connoisseur of horses, this is not entirely true. Lynx is a generic concept. There is a slow trot. From her, according to the explanations of D. M. Urnov, the lynx begins: "belly-belly." The horse trotted, then "medium trot" and finally "max" - fast trot.
So, Pushkin knew the peasant life not as a city dweller, but as a villager.
Hello dear.
Last time we finished with the IV part: perhaps it's time to do the fifth.
Like every chapter, it has its own epigraph.
Oh, do not know these terrible dreams
You are my Svetlana!
Zhukovsky.
This is one of the final verses of Zhukovsky's ballad "Svetlana" (1812), which in turn is a free adaptation of the plot of Burger's ballad "Lenora" (1773). "Svetlana" was considered a model of romantic folklorism, hence the direction of Chapter V is clear and who, in the author's opinion, will be the main character.
That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow fell only in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatyana saw through the window
Whitewashed yard in the morning,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
Light patterns on glass
Trees in winter silver
Forty merry in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white around.
About late snow - this is generally a very rarity in those years. If we translate the actions of the novel into real time, that is, in the autumn of 1820 - the winter of 1821, then just that winter the snow fell very early, then melted, and then fell again.
The following passage is one of the most quoted and recognizable. thousands of schoolchildren for many generations crammed it. Why - it's hard for me to answer. But the fact remains.
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window...
I could never understand the expression trot. Lynx is average speed a horse, if you can call it that, is faster than a walk, but slower than a gallop. Although some horses at a trot could bypass even galloping ones. So for me, trotting is an oxymoron.
In this case, a wagon is a covered road cart for a coachman. Well, and accordingly, the irradiation is a thick wooden brace, enveloping the upper part of such a wagon. You probably know what a sheepskin coat is, but a sash is just a belt. Part, so to speak, uniform coachman. Well, in the end, I’ll say that the bug is indicated with a small letter because it’s just the then designation of a mongrel, and not the name of an animal.
But maybe this kind
Pictures will not attract you:
All this is low nature;
Not much beauty here.
Warmed by God's inspiration,
Another poet with a luxurious style
He painted us the first snow
And all the shades of winter bliss
He will captivate you, I'm sure
Drawing in fiery verses
Secret walks in a sleigh;
But I don't want to fight
Not with him for the time being, not with you,
Young Finnish singer!
P.A. Vyazemsky
Another poet is about Vyazemsky, and his poem "The First Snow". And the "young Finnish singer" is an allusion to Baratynsky's "Eda". Why Finnish women, we have already discussed in one of the previous posts.
Further - no comment, for another well-known and taught by many piece
Tatyana (Russian soul,
I don't know why.)
With her cold beauty
I loved Russian winter
In the sun it's blue on a frosty day,
And the sleigh, and the late dawn
Shine of pink snows,
And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.
Celebrated in the old days
In their house these evenings:
Servants from all over the court
They wondered about their young ladies
And they were promised every year
Husbands of the military and campaign.
Tatyana believed the legends
common folk antiquity,
And dreams, and card fortune-telling,
And the predictions of the moon.
She was troubled by omens;
Mysteriously to her all objects
proclaimed something.
Premonitions pressed against my chest.
A cutesy cat, sitting on the stove,
Purring, with a paw the stigma washed:
That was a sure sign to her,
What guests are coming. Suddenly seeing
Young two-horned face of the moon
In the sky on the left side
She trembled and turned pale.
When is the shooting star
Flew across the dark sky
And crumbled - then
Tanya was in a hurry in confusion,
While the star was still rolling
Whisper her heart's desire.
When something happened
She meet the black monk
Or a quick hare between the fields
Crossed her path
Not knowing what to start with fear
full of sad forebodings,
She expected misfortune.
Well? The beauty found the secret
And in the most horror she:
This is how nature made us
prone to contradiction.
The holidays have arrived. That's joy!
Guessing windy youth
Who has no regrets
Before which life is far
Lies bright, boundless;
Fortune telling old age through glasses
At his grave board,
All having lost irretrievably;
And still: hope for them
He lies with his baby talk.
To be continued...
Have a nice time of the day.
Literary reading Shalaeva Galina Petrovna
"Winter! .. Peasant, triumphant ..."
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation,
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
In the sled bug planting,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window ...
From the book Pickup Encyclopedia. Version 12.0 the author Oleinik AndreyWinter Good cat and in December March. Can you tell me ... how many degrees Fahrenheit now? Excuse me, but today is such a beautiful day and wonderful sunny weather, except for the hard frost. Such beautiful girl as you walk down the street
From the book Angler's Handbook author Smirnov Sergey GeorgievichWinter The best bait will be bloodworm, which is used on the hooks of the smallest jig. You can use mosquito larvae on ordinary hooks. The sting is carefully camouflaged, as crucian takes it carefully in winter. Burdock moth larva. On small hooks made of thin wire
From book encyclopedic Dictionary winged words and expressions author Serov Vadim VasilievichThe peasant did not have time to gasp, / How the bear settled on him From the fable “The Peasant and the Worker” (1815) by I. A. Krylov (1769-1844).
From the book All Masterpieces of World Literature in summary. Plots and characters. Foreign literature XVII-XVIII centuries the author Novikov V IThe Peasant and Death (La Mort et le B? Cheron) Fable (1668–1694) In a cold winter, an old peasant picks up deadwood and, groaning, carries it to his smoky shack. Stopping on the way to rest, he lowers a bundle of firewood from his shoulders, sits down on it and begins to complain about fate.
From the book The ABC of Effective Beekeeping author Zvonarev Nikolai MikhailovichAutumn and winter As the heat of summer gives way to cool days and cold autumn nights, the scarce pasture becomes less and less attractive to bees, who at that time sit in hives or look for other sources to replenish their stores. Bees scurry around looking for bad
From the book Homeopathic Handbook author Nikitin Sergey Alexandrovich From the book Dictionary Slavic mythology author Mudrova Irina AnatolyevnaWinter In the view of the Slavs, as well as other peoples, it has always been animated. She breathes on everything she meets with such a chilling breath that even evil spirits, about which good people they are afraid to remember at night, even all the spirits of darkness are in a hurry to hide somewhere
From the book of Misfortune of the Neva banks. From the history of the St. Petersburg floods the author Pomeranets KimWinter General, frost and sun, global warming and “orphan” thaws, the weather as a way of remembering “In winter, hard frost that the logs of wooden houses make such a crack as if they are shooting from a weapon. Rivers and water are covered with ice one and a half
From the book Beekeeping for Beginners author Tikhomirov Vadim Vitalievich From the book Encyclopedia Slavic culture, writing and mythology author Kononenko Alexey Anatolievich From the book Four Seasons of the Angler [Secrets of successful fishing at any time of the year] author Kazantsev Vladimir AfanasyevichWINTER PIKE FLOODPLAIN LAKES If you regularly look through domestic and foreign fishing periodicals, then you probably noticed that materials about catching toothy predators occupy one of the leading places. And this is no coincidence. We, in Russia, in Western Europe,
From book 30+. Facial care author Khramova Elena YurievnaWinter People of this type have bright appearance, which is dominated by bright cold and contrasting colors. Their hair is dark (black or dark brown with an ash tint, this includes platinum blond); eyes usually dark shades blue, gray and brown
From the book I know the world. Arctic and Antarctic author Bochaver Alexey LvovichSeasons - winter, winter, winter ... So, during the polar night, the sun is not visible. But here comes the polar day. The sun is overhead for days! Why doesn't it get hot? In fact, take, for example, Antarctica. The air is clean, no dust particles block the sun
From the book Around Petersburg. Observer Notes author Glezerov Sergey Evgenievich From the book Masterpieces of Russian Artists author Evstratova Elena NikolaevnaWinter. Skating rink 1915. State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg This work wonderfully combines a vivid sense of nature - the cold northern sky with clouds turning pink from the evening sunset, the transparent lace of trees - and a subtle stylization of an old scene on a skating rink.
From the book Calendar folk signs weather for all days of the year author Selyangina Klara NikolaevnaWINTER Without three winters, winter does not become. There will be a hard frost if a tit squeaks strongly in the morning. moonlit nights the snow does not melt. The wind blew from the west or south-west - warming will come. People say: if there is a fierce winter, it will be hot
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window...
This small excerpt from "Eugene Onegin" all Russian people know. But the further we move away from the era of A.S. Pushkin, the more difficult it is for young children to learn this poem by heart. Why? Because there are at least 8 lines for 14 lines obsolete words, without understanding which the child will not draw in his imagination a picture captured by the poet. Will not feel the joy and freshness of the first frosty day, delight and unity of nature and man.
Children easily memorize verses when they understand them. Therefore, all incomprehensible words must be explained.
Drovni- this is a sleigh on which they carried firewood. reins- ruts, furrows, traces of runners in the snow. Kibitka- a covered wagon. What does covered mean? A leather or cloth top, a "hood", was attached to the sledge or flight crew, this is the prototype of the modern convertible.
A man driving horses and carts. The coachman ruled postal or coachman (similar to a taxi) wagons. He was sitting on the box, the driver's seat at the front of the wagon. Sheepskin coat - a fur coat, cut like a robe, hugging the whole body, as a rule, was belted with a sash - a belt sewn, as a rule, from a wide braid or cloth, sometimes with velvet at the ends, the sash tied a person around the waist and was used with outerwear. The red sash was a sign of panache, in addition, its color was easily recognizable from afar. The yard boy is a small servant in a manor house. Sled - our usual, manual, sled. And the Bug was the name of all black dogs. (What color should the dog be drawn for the fairy tale "Turnip"?)
Why does the wagon fly, the peasant triumphs, and the boy laughs? Because everyone is happy with the snow. Let's read the verses preceding "Winter ..." and opening the fifth chapter of the poem:
That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow fell only in January
On the third night.
Waking up early
Tatyana saw through the window
Whitewashed yard in the morning,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
Light patterns on glass
Trees in winter silver
Forty merry in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white around.
That's why everyone rejoices - the coachman, the peasant, the child, the mother: people were waiting for the snow and missed it.
Now that all unfamiliar words are understood, images begin to appear in the child. In the background, a fast wagon rushes, a fashionable coachman (a red sash!) Drives horses with daring. Snowflakes scatter around (like splashes scatter in the wake of a boat). Towards the wagon, or maybe behind it, a skinny peasant horse slowly drags along, she carries the peasant into the forest. Why not from the forest? Because the peasant horse renews the path, that is, it runs along the first snow, laying grooves, ruts, this is also an indication of part of the day. Morning, no doubt, early morning. Not everyone is awake yet.
The yard boy is not busy and can play. He rejoices in the first snow this winter, he is fiddling with a black dog and a sled, and although he is cold, he does not want to part with sunny sparks in the snow. His mother threatens him through the window, but does not interfere, she herself is glad of the snow - for her, snow means rest from field work and good winter, cheerful mood. She probably looks at her son and admires him, she probably smiles ...
Having well understood what the poem is about, and having drawn a picture in his imagination, the child will remember with pleasure the peasant, the wagon and the boy with the dog. The imagination will turn on, the feeling of frost and the winter sun will be remembered. By the way, such description poems give unlimited scope for drawing.
In connection with this work, older children can read the story of A.P. Chekhov "Not in a good mood" (1884). The protagonist, police officer Prachkin, for the first time in his life hears Pushkin's lines and comments on them in accordance with his life experience and bad mood after a card loss (staff bailiff - a police position in which a person led the investigation of police, executive and administrative cases):
"-" Winter ... The peasant, triumphant ... - monotonously crammed the son of the police officer, Vanya, in the next room. - The peasant, triumphant ... renews the path ... "
- "Triumphing ..." - reflects involuntarily listening to the bailiff. - "If he had been hit with a dozen hot ones, he would not have been very triumphant. Rather than triumph, it would be better to pay taxes regularly ...
- "His horse, smelling snow ... smelling snow, trots somehow ..." - Prachkin hears further and cannot refrain from remarking:
"- If only she would gallop away! What kind of trotter was found, say mercy! A nag - a nag is ...
- "Here is a yard boy running ... a yard boy, putting a bug in a sleigh ..."
- So, he ate, if he runs and indulges ... And the parents do not have the mind to put the boy to work. Than to carry a dog, it would be better to chop wood ...
- "He is both hurt and funny, and his mother threatens ... and his mother threatens him through the window ..."
- Threat, threaten ... Too lazy to go out into the yard and punish ... I would lift his fur coat and chik-chik! chik-chik! It's better than shaking a finger... Otherwise, look, a drunkard will come out of him... Who composed this?" - in the end, Prachkin can't stand it.
- Pushkin, dad.
- Pushkin? Hm! .. Must be some kind of eccentric. They write and write, but what they write - they themselves do not understand! Just to write!"
However, here you need to act very delicately. Humor should be based on understanding the situation. Better take your time, don't read this story to children - junior schoolchildren until they are sure they understand why Apollon Grigoriev, poet and literary critic 19th century said: "Pushkin is our everything".
Tatyana Lavrenova
Comment on the article "Winter. The peasant triumphs"
I must be explaining badly. For example, I explained the meaning of the word train for a long time - these are wagons coupled to each other and a steam locomotive. He did not understand the meaning of Russian words well, where can we talk about English? They left the gymnasium by registration, went to a regular school.
Discussion
It is possible (as the same colleague in the struggle for the cause and the sufferer) just with all my might, I wish everything to work out faster!
I won’t tell you about the case, but mine has some strange problem with memory (abstract?): He remembers many things from deep childhood or just little things, and the multiplication table can still stumble: (Everyone has his own kind of ...
go to a psychoneurologist, ask for a referral to the center of speech pathology and neurorehabilitation, where specialists will tell you in which direction to work.
After all, the word milk can be explained by the alternation of OLO LE: milk-milk, but the child has never heard that word milk and draw an analogy not I am my child deaf and ringing sounds I was able to teach only by showing the differences in oscillograms and spectrograms of sounds.
Discussion
A little hint - when checking the spelling of adjectives with non-pronounced consonants, it is most convenient to put adj in short form: charming - charming, famous - famous. But if at all there is a problem with the selection of test words, then I advise you to do more exercises and read, read, read
Unpronounceable consonants are usually still checked. main idea that there should be a vowel after the suspicious place.
the fact that the child cannot come up with a test on his own is very inconvenient.
What exactly can't she think of? Can't think of any single-root ones? Can't think of cognates so that there is a vowel after a suspicious consonant?
Deal with the problem accordingly. It usually helps to perform rather boring exercises when there are many pairs of words "suspicious" - "test" and you need to insert or not insert a letter.
While doing a lot of these exercises, you come to an understanding of what type of word you need to look for in the test.
I'll explain why. The child likes to read about what interests him. What would be the interest if, after half an hour of panting, the child is finally a child who is just learning to read, it is difficult to read such a long word as transformers, with three consonants together.
Discussion
I saw the interest in the signs. When I started trying to read them, I realized that interest woke up
She taught syllables and the form of words. That is, short ones were read immediately in words, long ones - in pieces, but not quite in syllables, but convenient for reading, as if singing a word
I learned to read in a few months, at 5.5. But then there were problems when he had to read in syllables at school, he had to represent the division into syllables.
Until the 4th I read better than anyone in the class.
Any advice for the future? DO NOT TEACH CHILDREN LETTERS until the time comes to pick up Zhukova's Primer. And you will be happy.
outdated words. Interesting on the web. About his own, about a girl's. Discussion of questions about a woman's life in the family, at work, relationships with It was because of these outdated words that my chuchundra read Rylsky's translation at first. And then she had favorite hobby compare...
Discussion
For the first time I read "The Little Humpbacked Horse" on postcards, then my grandmother recited whole pieces from memory. Now we have a lovely edition, the illustrations are stylized as engravings. It was because of these obsolete words that my chuchundra first read Rylsky's translation. And then she had a favorite pastime to compare the Ukrainian version with Ershov’s text :) And I already told the pearl in Names: “Mom, why is Danilo and Gavrilo also in the Russian book? It’s in Ukrainian, but in Russian it should be Daniil and Gabriel!"
Conjugation of verbs. Lessons, extension. Education of children. Please help explain to a child (daughter's girlfriend) a foreigner who is studying Shaving, laying, resting, resting. Otherwise, they forget to give them in school textbooks, they seem to be outdated, but in the Unified State Examination they can be given for backfilling.
Discussion
Does the child know French? What is the native language? I personally explained this to my absolutely Russian daughter by analogy with the verbs of groups 1-2-3 in French (for some reason, the conjugation of French verbs at school is done earlier). It immediately became clear. Is there something similar in other languages? In Finnish - for sure, but it's more difficult there.
There were two kingdoms-states.
Enemies attacked them and shouted: "Give us your women and children!!!"
In the FIRST state (I) they answered "EAT them, EAT!" (I is drawn to E)
In the SECOND state (II) they answered "SEE what you want!" (II is drawn to I)
If the verb ends with E, then this is the first conjugation
If the ending is with And, then the second
It is not clear how to explain to a 71-year-old man that now inflation is 30% per year, and interest in the bank is 10%. The amount is not very large - only 6 thousand bucks, but as a fact, they are 100% responsible for their words and perceived by relatives as adequate people, and not small children.
"Winter! .. Peasant, triumphant ..." (excerpt from the novel "Eugene Onegin")
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window.
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From the author's bookBelinsky V. G. "Eugene Onegin"
From the author's book"Eugene Onegin" (end) Pushkin's great feat was that he was the first in his novel to poetically reproduce the Russian society of that time and, in the person of Onegin and Lensky, showed its main, that is, the male side; but the feat of our poet is almost higher in that he is the first
From the author's bookN. G. Bykova "Eugene Onegin" The novel "Eugene Onegin" occupies a central place in the work of A. S. Pushkin. This is his biggest piece of art, the richest in content, the most popular, which had the strongest influence on the fate of the entire Russian
