In "Woe from Wit" A.S. Griboyedov shows the ideological conflict of centuries - "present" and "past". The characters of the comedy released in 1961, with the exception of Chatsky, represent the "past".
An ardent defender of the "gone century" is Famusov, who embodied typical features inert metropolitan society. He feels dependent on the opinion of the aristocracy, on status and finances.
Reverence, flattery and pleasing are inherent in him, allowing him to arrange the interlocutor. Same characteristic features possesses the entire "famus society", which rejects education and scholarship. It is easier for the idle nobility to believe in the madness of Chatsky than to listen to progressive speeches. They don't want to change their minds and traditional way life.
Griboyedov presented the “current century” in the image of Chatsky. The views of the missing three years in Moscow young man meet the challenges of the times. The new representative of the noble youth is straightforward, possesses critical mind, ridicules admiration for everything foreign.
Chatsky is patriotic: “I would be glad to serve”, but “to the cause, not to persons”, he is sickened by “serving” before pompous officials. With passionate speeches, he denounces the existing foundations. Neither in the estate of Famusov, nor in society does the hero find understanding. This situation causes a bitter smile, because it is difficult for a sane person to maintain his mind in such an environment. As a result, Chatsky leaves the capital, seeing no point in confronting Moscow society: “I’ll go looking around the world where there is a corner for the offended feeling!”
The author revealed in the comedy not only the conflict of generations, but also vividly depicted the essence of misunderstanding between contemporaries living according to different principles. past time firmly clings to life, giving birth to their own kind. However, in the image of Chatsky, we see that an era of change is coming.
Updated: 2017-02-01
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One and, perhaps, the main conflict of the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboedov is the confrontation between the "past century" and the "current century".
Famusov can be called the main representative of the "past century". For the Famus society, someone else's opinion was important. Such people removed attention to the place in society, completely forgetting about morality. The service was a kind of source of exaltation in society. Moreover, the Famus society served, or rather served, not deeds, but specific individuals.
Famusov's ideal is Maxim Petrovich. This is an important image in the work, as it shows the way of life of the "past century" in an exaggerated form. Having fallen in front of the empress, the hero deliberately fell several more times, creating a comical situation for the public, thereby earning the respect of the empress herself. The ability to "serve" brings such people everything: from a place in society to wealth.
But his ideas of humanity and morality turn out to be unnecessary for society, so he turns out to be in his own way " an extra person". After all, people like Chatsky can threaten the warm places of people with conservative views. Chatsky condemns the lack of development and progress in society. He denounces people who have influential relatives who are allowed almost everything.
Clashes of views occur not only on the issue of service and education, they also clash family values. Famusov believes that love should be built on money, and poor people are not a couple for his daughter. Chatsky, on the other hand, is of the opinion that it is the qualities of a person that are the main criterion for love. Feelings are more important to him than money.
Despite all the correctness of Chatsky's views, he is forced to retreat because of the large number of "the past century."
Thus, the conflict between Famusov and Chatsky is a clash of two generations, two different worldviews. And Chatsky's retreat does not mean his defeat. After all, the Famusovs will have to retreat, since the new will definitely win.
Option 2
Goncharov, says that Chatsky is a figure that determines the entire conflict of comedy as a whole, and one cannot but agree on this. He fully agrees with what is happening. This is how the key problem of the work is defined - a generational conflict arises. Each of them has their own perception of the world, they look at what is happening around them in a special way, each of them has their own goals, which they intend to achieve with their own methods and capabilities.
Such people do not intend to lie and adapt to the world around them, they do not depend on what the people around them say about them, partly envious. Therefore, their collision with public opinion becomes inevitable. They constantly collide. It is this problem that Griboedov raises in his own comedy called “Woe from Wit”, it remains relevant in our time, because the picture of society has survived to this day.
At the same time, the opposition of Chatsky, who is considered a rather wise and experienced person, but at the same time often making wrong decisions that lead to different consequences. He has to confront another society, which is standard, everyone is used to living according to the usual scheme, which becomes part of the Famus environment and society.
Chatsky is used to serving the Motherland as a whole, he does not divide it into separate individuals, while the Famus Society is used to honoring individual officials. Yes, and Famusov himself is shown by the author with different sides, he says that the man is completely against education, he would easily burn all the books that are.
Thus, the conflict develops not only on the difference between generations and worldviews, but also on the fact that one of them strives for any form of education, while the second rejects it with all his might. Therefore, they cannot agree with each other, they constantly argue, and Chatsky as a whole is outraged by the society, which is organized by Famusov from people who are not ready to raise their own level of development. This is how the main conflict and contradiction arises from a society in which no one can find mutual language, because they have different levels development and attitude to the surrounding world, as well as the knowledge that it offers.
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The Russian diplomat, State Councilor and Russian classic A. S. Griboyedov served in the East and was nicknamed Vazir-Mukhtar by the Persians. He was killed in the winter of 1826 in Tehran by Muslim conspirators. However, his murder was being prepared in Russia, which was frightened Griboyedov was not among them, but he was feared no less than those nobles. His great work "Woe from Wit" was banned and secretly passed from hand to hand. The death warrant was signed when the opposition diplomat was sent on a mission to Persia. So society got rid of a brilliant personality. However, his play survived.
The play "Woe from Wit" was based on the conflict between the young and progressive nobleman Chatsky and high society. The plot describes the events of one day in the house of the old aristocrat Famusov. Despite such a narrow time frame, the author drew detailed picture occurring events. He showed everything new and young that was born in the deep bowels of the noble society.
Chatsky became a representative of the modern youth of the "current century" with freedom-loving views. His opponent in the definition as "the past century" was a man of the old formation Famusov and his invited guests.
And now let's try to speculate a little about what kind of conflict determines Chatsky's collision with society.
The atmosphere of Famusov's house
It may immediately seem that Chatsky is biased in his judgments about the real ones, he believes that the world is no longer the same, and his morals are too outdated. All this is due to his youth and to some extent naivety. Of course, Chatsky had already lived abroad for three years, and now it is difficult for him to understand the atmosphere that reigned in Famusov's house. He was waiting for some change. However, when he returned, he realized that secular customs, alas, remained the same, and people are still revered for their ranks, the number of serf souls and money, and not for their intelligence and nobility. Now, in some aspect, it becomes clear what kind of conflict determines Chatsky's collision with society.
The dispute of generations
From the very first pages of the work, it already becomes clear that people are constantly lying in this house. That's just the lie of the maid Lisa wears a certain noble character, since in this way she saves her mistress, Famusov's daughter - Sofya, in love with Molchalin - her father's secretary. But, according to her father, he is not a match for her, as he is very poor.
Sophia's lies are also justified because of her love for Molchalin. But after a while, we also see the lies of Molchalin, who begins to flirt with the servant Lisa. It is clear that he is having an affair with Sophia because of the benefits.
But Famusov is no better in this regard, he also secretly drags himself behind the maid Lisa. And then, in his dialogue with the guests, he will utter the following words about himself: “He is known for his monastic behavior.” Griboyedov deliberately devotes so much time to describing all this situation in order to more accurately reflect the moral atmosphere of the life of that society.
And now Chatsky became the most serious opponent of the old man Famusov, the conflict of their opposing views on simple things is gradually developing into a socio-political one. And the further, the more difficult it is for them to find common ground.
Chatsky and the Famus Society. Composition
Famusov is a wealthy landowner, accustomed to doing whatever he pleases, and therefore more deprived of moral goals. All that interests him in a person is his position and condition. He does not want to read, because he considers this occupation to be very boring, therefore some statements characterize him as a close-minded and superficial person. He is conservative in his views.
Chatsky, on the other hand, is a revolutionary man. He does not accept all those ideals that Famusov speaks of. In the question of what conflict defines Chatsky's collision with society, this is precisely what can serve as an answer. After all, the main character denounces the most impartial features of the entire Famus society, which includes many people. One of them is Colonel Skalozub, a careerist and self-satisfied martinet, before whom Famusov fawns, considering him a "gold bag".
The next character is Molchalin, who caters to meek and obedient behavior and enjoys the connections of people with position. Sophia fell in love with him for his imaginary modesty. Chatsky, on the other hand, considers him a complete fool and empty man, in principle, like all the other guests present.
Revenge
Chatsky denounces everyone left and right, his main criterion by which he evaluates everyone is intelligence and spirituality. Therefore, one can imagine what kind of conflict determines Chatsky's collision with society.
The revenge of the cold-blooded fool was not long in coming. Chatsky opposed serfdom and was the bearer of advanced ideas - education, and He wanted to update and improve society, but this did not happen. And now comes the premonition of Chatsky's break with society, and he is declared crazy. Humiliated and insulted, he leaves this accursed house and Moscow in horror.
The conflict of Chatsky and Famusovsky society - artistic expression major conflict of the era. The clash of the “current century” with the “past century”, the camp of feudal reaction, the defenders of the autocratic-feudal system with the camp of advanced noble youth, supporters of free thought, enlightenment, democratic reforms is reflected in the comedy “Woe from Wit” in the images of Chatsky, Famusov, Skalozub, Molchalin , Khlestovoy and other characters. The work historically accurately reproduces the Russian life of the era contemporary to the playwright. Critics noted the authenticity of the details of the life and social psychology of the Moscow nobility: historical processes were captured by the artist's eye with almost scientific precision.
Heroes don't just voice political ideas. These are full-blooded, recognizable images, their inner world, the characters are revealed in the process of development of the conflict with artistic persuasiveness. Contemporaries even recognized actors comedy real people, so psychologically true were the portraits of the heroes. But Griboedov still did not write off his characters from nature, he is not a journalist, but, and the heroes of the comedy do not have unambiguous prototypes. The author has depicted individual people, but the types, and the excellent knowledge of life and the talent of the playwright made them close to reality. Chatsky is an intelligent, educated person, with a heightened sense of dignity and a sense of public duty. He belongs to the best part of the nobility, who set the goal of life as a democratic transformation of society, to those whom Pushkin called on: “My friend, we will devote
souls beautiful impulses". In his image, Griboyedov sang "the most brilliant era of the then Russia, the era of hopes and exalted youth" (Herzen). Chatsky preaches the independence of the individual (“everyone breathes more freely and is in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters”), impeccably honest service for the good of society, paying tribute to those “who serve the cause, not individuals.” Social activity, of course, captivates the hero, who already had “communication with the minister” (although it ended in a break). The indomitable thirst for activity for the benefit of the fatherland conflicts with the sycophancy necessary for service and career: “I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.” A high understanding of honor and duty was characteristic of all the advanced noble youth of that time. A free way of thinking instead of silent admiration for "the opinions of others", independent and proud dignity instead of flattery - these moral principles Chatsky demanded a different service. In addition, the concept of patriotism in the hero is inextricably linked with love of freedom, democratic reforms, hatred of feudal tyrants, and "fathers of the fatherland", "rich in robbery", occupied key positions in bureaucratic structures. Therefore, Chatsky's service career, despite his brilliant mind, impeccable logic, and excellent speech, did not take place. Even condemning his free-thinking, disrespectful attitude towards the authorities, Famusov pays tribute business qualities Chatsky:
Does not serve, that is, he does not find any benefit in that,
But if you want, it would be businesslike.
It's a pity, it's a pity, he's small with a head.
And he writes and translates well.
It is impossible not to regret that with such a mind ... The anti-people policy of the government, nepotism, protectionism in bureaucratic structures ("Well, how not to please your own little man! .."), careerism - all this caused a sharp rejection of the progressive noble youth and a demonstrative rejection of the humiliating services. In particular, one of the prototypes of Chatsky Chaadaev refused brilliant career and took up the philosophy and history of Russia. The reactionary-feudal nobility negatively perceived the refusal to cooperate with the authorities as a manifestation of opposition to the state policy: "... do not bliss, brother, do not rule by mistake, and most importantly, go and serve."
Famusov admires the manners and way of life of the nobles of the "past century", who achieve "known degrees" by deceit. The model for him is Maxim Petrovich, who, when necessary, “bent over backwards” and as a result achieved a significant official position. Famusov's slavish morality, his philosophy of enjoying life ("I ate on gold; a hundred people at the service") caused Chatsky's caustic mockery and angry protest. He protects reason, enlightenment, nobility:
Are not these rich in robbery? To find protection from judgment in friends, in kinship, Building magnificent chambers, Where they overflow in feasts and extravagance... With indignation, Chatsky also treats admiration for everything foreign. "Smart, vigorous our people" for the hero are rich traditions national culture, original, expressive Russian. "Melancholy and groaning, and groaning" of aristocrats expressing admiration for foreign culture and neglect of one's native, Russian, testify to the spiritual inferiority, limitations of the Famus society. Chatsky dreams of freeing the nobility from this shameful addiction: So that the Lord destroys this unclean spirit of Empty, servile, blind imitation; So that he would plant a spark in someone with a soul, Who could keep us by word and example, like a strong rein, From pitiful nausea on the side of a stranger. Equally, the hero fights both for the awakening of a sense of personal dignity in a person, and for the education of a sense of national pride in the Russian people. Reason, ideological influence - that, according to Chatsky, can change life. But he overestimated the power of the word and underestimated the strength of the "age of the past." Conservatives cling with all their might to a way of life that allows them to legally enjoy the fruits of other people's labor. For the slightest offense, Famusov is ready to send his serfs to hard labor in Siberia: “And how did you overlook it? And how did you not hear? To your work, to your settlement! At the slightest infringement on the inviolability of their position, the reactionary noble society consolidates, giving a sharp rebuff to the renegade, overwhelming him with a quantitative superiority.
An integral "attribute" of the Famus society is Colonel Skalozub. His image is caricatured, but historically correct. In the early 1920s, many advanced officers who distinguished themselves in victorious campaigns Patriotic War, resigned, expressing dissatisfaction with the Arakcheev regime. They were replaced by narrow-minded and slavishly devoted to the autocracy careerists. It is this type that is embodied in the image of Skalozub. The purpose of the service for him is not to protect the fatherland, but to receive the rank of general, to achieve wealth and nobility. The level of education "golden bag" proudly declares himself.
A. S. Griboyedov wrote his comedy at a time when in Russian society the confrontation between the adherents of the old foundations of life and representatives of the advanced nobility, who advocated the immediate reorganization of society, was most marked. This confrontation is reflected in the comedy on the example of the clash between the “current century” and the “past century”, embodied in the person of Famusov and his guests. Comedy, due to its relevance, immediately won big success among contemporaries, it is no less relevant now, since the vices ridiculed by Griboyedov find their place in our time, and they are unlikely to disappear in the future.
The piece starts as usual. love comedy, and it is difficult to assume that, along with love conflict will find a place and public.
The beginning of the social conflict, expressed in the confrontation between the "current century" and the "past century", was laid by Famusov's monologue ("That's it, you are all proud!"). This monologue is Famusov's answer to Chatsky's phrase: "I would be glad to serve, it's sickening to serve." The old gentleman tells about his uncle Maxim Petrovich, a nobleman in the case, who, in order to move up the career ladder, was ready to play the role of a jester. This example causes Chatsky's indignation. He wants to serve "the cause, not the persons." From this moment, the confrontation between the two eras of Russian life begins to develop.
The representative of the “current century” in comedy is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. He comes to Famusov's house to ask for the hand of his daughter Sophia. Having received a refusal and advice “go and serve,” Chatsky begins to denounce the foundations and orders of Moscow society. He despises servility, worship of rank, wealth, everything foreign. He considers the Russian people “smart and vigorous” and openly expresses his rejection of serfdom, denouncing the cruelty of the serf-owners in the monologue “Who are the judges?..”
The main representative of the "past century" is Famusov. He is typical for that time “the head of the state place”. He is not at all interested in the work he is doing. He has his own approach to business: “Signed, so off your shoulders.” This phrase emphasizes the negligent attitude of the official to his duties. He appreciates only rank and wealth in people, and therefore he is looking for a rich groom for his daughter. Skalozub is in his mind: "And the golden bag, and aims at the generals." And Famusov is not at all worried that he is hopelessly stupid and "has never uttered a word of wisdom." Famusov does not recognize books and the need for education, as he considers them to be sources of freethinking.
Chatsky and Famusov have different attitudes towards serfdom. Famusov, his ardent defender, believes that everything should remain the same. He treats his servants contemptuously and rudely, calling them Petrushka, Filka, Fomki. Chatsky, on the contrary, in his angry monologue “And who are the judges? ..” exposes serfdom and cites the horrifying facts of the treatment of the serf-owners with their servants. This is “Nestor of noble scoundrels”, and a landowner-balletomaniac, and a theater lover, who “is fat himself, his artists are skinny”.
climax public conflict going on dance party in Famusov's house, where all the most prominent representatives"of the past century". They came to have fun, make useful contacts, find a profitable match for their daughters. And then they were prevented by Chatsky with his accusatory speeches. A conservative society cannot accept the ideas of an advanced nobleman and puts up a weapon against him - gossip, declares him crazy.
Chatsky is the only stage character of the “current century”, but he is not alone, his like-minded people are non-stage characters - the cousin of Skalozub, the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, professor of the Pedagogical Institute, “practicing in splits and unbelief”.
The denouement of the social conflict is taken out of the play. Contrary to the sympathies of the author, the Famus society won, but Chatsky was not broken, he won moral victory over the world of the patriarchal nobility, frozen in its development. The peaceful, calm life of the Famus society is over. This may serve as the first sign that the "age of the past" is being replaced by the "age of the present."
