Lesya Ukrainka– literary pseudonym of Larisa Petrovna Kosach (Kvitki) (13 (25).02.1871 – 19.07 (1.08).1913), the great Ukrainian poetess and playwright.
Lesya was born into the family of Ukrainian intellectuals Pyotr Antonovich Kosach and Olga Petrovna Kosach (from the Drahomanov family). Petr Antonovich is a lawyer by profession, a graduate of Kyiv University, most Life served in the Volyn province in institutions for peasant affairs. He was a member of the Kyiv "Old Community", where he met Mikhail Petrovich Drahomanov and his younger sister Olga.
Lesya was born in the city of Zvyagel (Novograd-Volynsky); in 1879 the family moved to Lutsk, and in 1882 to their own estate in the village of Kolodyazhnoye near Kovel. It was Kolodyazhnoe, where she was formed as a person, that Lesya considered her small homeland.
Already in early childhood Two main features emerged in Lesya’s life – her illness and her extraordinary abilities.
Diseases. Lesya was born very weak and then looked fragile. Her family lovingly called her Zeichka (thin blade of grass). In 1880, she began to show signs of a chronic illness that could not be identified for a long time. It turned out that this is a very unpleasant form of bone tuberculosis (coxitis). On October 11, 1883, Lesya underwent surgery on the affected bones of her left arm, but it soon became clear that the bones of her right leg were also affected.
The pain in her leg, either subsiding or intensifying to the point of unbearable, haunted Lesya until 1899, when she underwent a successful operation in Berlin. Having recovered from it, Lesya was finally able to walk relatively freely.
Beginning at the end of 1907, Lesya began to show signs of kidney tuberculosis. The only way to treat this disease was climatic treatment in Egypt, where Lesya spent the winter seasons of 1909 - 1910, 1911, 1912 - 1913. These were palliative measures that slowed the progression of the disease, but could not stop it. In a state of extreme exhaustion bad work Lesya's kidneys died at the 43rd year of her life in the town of Surami in Georgia.
Capabilities. Already in early childhood, Lesya discovered her extraordinary abilities (she can safely be called Wunderkind). She learned to read very early and already at the age of five she wrote her first letters to Geneva, to the family of her uncle Mikhail Drahomanov. At the age of nine she wrote her first poem, “”, and at the age of 13 she already had 2 poems published. These works appeared under the pseudonym “Lesya Ukrainka”, which was suggested by her mother. At the age of 14, Lesya was the author of two published translations of Gogol’s stories and her first poem “.”
Lesya loved music very much and had great ability to play the piano. She could not develop them due to a hand disease.
Due to the same illness, Lesya was never able to attend school and gained knowledge from her mother, private teachers and constant reading of books.
Lesya had an excellent ability for languages and said about herself that apparently there was no sound that she could not pronounce. She spoke fluent Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Bulgarian, German, French and Italian, wrote her works in Ukrainian, Russian, French and German languages, translated from ancient Greek, German, English, French, Italian and Polish. She knew well Latin language, and during her stay in Egypt she began to study Spanish.
A brilliant knowledge of languages opened up to her all the riches of European literature, the newest works of which she could read in the originals.
Creation. The main theme of Lesya Ukrainka’s work is the national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people, confidence in the inevitable victory in this struggle. Starting from such early works, like the poem "" (1888) and the poetic cycle "" (1891), due to the high pathos of "" (1895 - 96) - until "" and "" (1913), completed in Last year her life – Lesya Ukrainka gave more and more new images of uncompromising freedom fighters against tyranny of all kinds.
This political poetry was never agitation adapted exclusively to the needs of the moment. Without giving any advice regarding the program and tactics of the revolutionary struggle, about specific ways to implement the ideals of freedom, and without even mentioning the word “Ukraine,” Lesya showed romantic pictures of this struggle.
No matter what area she takes her stories from - from ancient Egypt ("", 1906), or from the history of the ancient Jews ("", 1903, "", 1904), or from the era of early Christianity ("", 1908, "" , 1911), or from European Middle Ages("", "", 1893) - everywhere we see clearly defined goodies, the personification of courage, honesty, devotion to ideals. And we see a camp of despots emboldened by impunity, the personification of violence, debauchery and demoralization. The clash of these forces, in accordance with the rules of romanticism, most often ends tragically, but the death of Lesya Ukrainka’s heroes always turns out to be a necessary step towards victory.
The main sources of Lesya Ukrainka’s creativity were her inner experiences and literary impressions (on which the above-mentioned works are based). Her experiences were reflected in a number of brilliant lyrical poems, ranging from the early cycle "" (1891) to the cycles "" (1910) and "" (1911), written in the full flowering of her talent. Some of her other works flow from the same source, for example, the story “” (1897).
But observations of modern life, which are usually the source of a writer’s creativity, did not have significant significance for Lesya Ukrainka, although her works such as the story “” (1894) or the story “” (1898) stem precisely from this third source.
Lesya Ukrainka's stylistic searches were not limited to romanticism: we have her works in the spirit of decadentism ("", 1896), realism (the already mentioned "Only Son", "Over the Sea", "", 1905) and even pure aestheticism without a clear ideological orientation (" ", 1911). However romantic style always remained dominant in her work.
Translations. In 1889, Lesya Ukrainka outlined a large program of translations of works of world literature into Ukrainian to her brother Mikhail. As part of this program, she translated the works of G. Heine - “” (1890), the poem “” (1893) and other poems. Among her translations are hymns from the Rig Veda (1890), poetry Ancient Egypt(1910), attempts to translate the works of Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Byron.
About ideological orientation Lesya Ukrainka's translations are best demonstrated by her work on G. Hauptmann's drama "" (1900), the theme of which is the workers' uprising in Silesia in 1844.
Folklore. Lesya Ukrainka has been interested throughout her life Ukrainian folklore. She knew a lot folk songs(about 500) and was herself an outstanding bearer of folklore. Her first work on folklore - "" - was published in 1891, and the last large cycle of songs from her voice was recorded by her husband K.V. Kvitka in 1913.
Lesya Ukrainka and Kliment Kvitka were the first Ukrainian folklorists who began recording the performance of folk chants on a phonograph. In 1908, Lesya allocated 300 rubles from her small funds for Filaret Kolessa, thanks to which he was able to write down many thoughts for his fundamental publication.
Social activity. Since any social activity was prohibited in the Russian Empire, every attempt in this direction became illegal and revolutionary. In 1897 – 1900, Lesya Ukrainka translated works of European social democratic literature into Ukrainian in order to provide material for self-education to Ukrainian social democratic circles.
The period of most active participation in revolutionary movement falls on the years 1902 - 1903, when, while in San Remo (Italy), Lesya Ukrainka corresponded with Felix Volkhovsky in London and Mikhail Krivinyuk in Prague. The topic of the correspondence was the publication of illegal literature, from which the translation “” has come down to us. At that time, Lesya Ukrainka was preparing a work entitled “Our Life Under the Tsars of Moscow,” which has not been found today.
After the revolution of 1905, some opportunities for legal social work. In June 1906, Lesya Ukrainka was elected to the board of the Kyiv Prosvita, where she was in charge of the library. This activity of hers already in November 1906 attracted the attention of the tsarist gendarmes: in the opening public library was refused, and Lesya Ukrainka’s participation in Prosvita was regarded as a compromising fact both for Lesya personally and for the entire organization.
The logical consequence of these gendarmerie studios was the arrest of Lesya Ukrainka (January 17–18, 1907), and subsequently the closure of Prosvita itself.
After 1907, Lesya Ukrainka, due to family circumstances and progressive illness, was forced to live mainly outside of Ukraine and was not able to take part in public affairs. At this time, she focuses on the main work of her life - poetic creativity.
Heritage. During her lifetime, Lesya Ukrainka managed to publish separate publications three collections of his poems: “” (Lviv: 1893), “” (Lviv: 1899), “” (Chernivtsi: 1902). In Kyiv in 1904, a book of selected poems entitled “On the Wings of Songs” was published, which suffered greatly from Russian censorship; in 1911, the Kiev publishing house “Kolokol” published the first volume of works, which turned out to be the last.
The next stage of studying the legacy of Lesya Ukrainka falls on the years 1920–1930. At this time, the collected works were published in 7 volumes (1923 - 1924, edited by K. V. Kvitka) and in 12 volumes (1927 - 1930, edited by, not completed). These publications were carried out by Ukrainian patriots and they are still of great value.
This stage was grossly distorted by those controlled from Moscow political repression. All studio participants were destroyed or deprived of the opportunity to work in their specialty.
Therefore, the next, Soviet stage (1950 - 1991) began as if with clean slate. It was led by completely new people who did not receive any legacy from the previous stage, and even mentions of previous explorers were carefully crossed out. At this time, the works of Lesya Ukrainka were published in 5 (K., 1951 - 1956), 10 (K., 1963 - 1965) and 12 volumes (K., 1975 - 1979). Despite the hostile attitude towards Ukrainians and political censorship, these publications still contained something new, previously unknown from the poetess’s heritage.
The fourth stage of development of Lesya Ukrainka’s heritage began during independence (since 1991) and continues to this day. At this stage, the main focus was on talk of the need to print a new edition of the works in 16 volumes (but as of 2014, not a letter from this edition had yet been printed).
During the same period our electronic edition works of Lesya Ukrainka, which today is the most complete and best-researched corpus of her works. This publication contains many technical and content innovations and can serve as a model for modern publications by other authors, such as, and.
World literature is rich in the names of writers and poets whose work has conquered millions of hearts. These include the name of the great Ukrainian poetess, known both at home and abroad. Many are familiar with her poetry. But not everyone knows how interesting and amazing the biography of Lesya Ukrainka is. What was her life like?
Triumph of the human spirit
The biography of Lesya Ukrainka is filled with pain, love, suffering, a string of creative quests, which are reflected in her incredibly talented works. Has anyone really thought about the tragedy of her fate? About the fact that almost her entire life was spent with the awareness of the incurability of the disease weighing on her fragile body?
The biography of Lesya Ukrainka is tragic and amazing. Because of this, the woman had to limp all her life. The illness that caused her suffering brought her lover to an untimely grave. Her own mother arbitrarily interfered in her work and personal life - she allowed herself to edit her texts and never approved of her chosen ones.
It is difficult to believe that a woman born fragile is able to endure all these hardships and hardships that befall her. And at the same time, not only keep the spirit unbroken, but also draw strength and inspiration from somewhere to create beautiful works. Many of them, like the biography of Lesya Ukrainka itself, remain instructive today. They carry a huge charge of optimism and invincibility of spirit, teach goodness and truth.
Lesya Ukrainka: biography of a Ukrainian writer
Getting acquainted with the biography of Lesya Ukrainka, you understand that she was created for creativity. All of her surroundings were people who were extraordinarily talented, educated, and creative.
Her closest person is birth mother- was a famous Ukrainian poetess and translator who worked under the pseudonym Olena Pchilka. Her real name was Olga Kosach. The pseudonym was “given” to her by another famous Panas Mirny, due to the fact that he was familiar with her extreme diligence and fruitful creativity.
The mother's brother was a well-known historian and folklorist in Ukraine, an active public figure who stood at the origins of Ukrainian socialism. His name is Mikhail Petrovich Drahomanov.
Prominent representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia often visited the house. Communication with cultured and highly educated people certainly influenced general development girls, on the formation of a worldview, as well as on her development as a future poetess.
Talented and vivid biography Lesya Ukrainka's work in Ukrainian is contained in school textbooks and is available for study by students of Ukrainian-language schools. The poetess firmly occupies a prominent place in the cohort best writers and poets of Ukraine, the study of whose works is included in the school curriculum.
Students of Russian-language schools in Ukraine, along with Russian and world languages, also study and Ukrainian literature. They are invited to read the biography of Lesya Ukrainka in Ukrainian.
At the service of all Russian-speaking residents of Ukraine, as well as other countries, who want to learn about the life of the poetess, many manuals and monographs, as well as publications in the media, have been written in Russian. In addition, a biography of Lesya Ukrainka in Russian (as well as in Ukrainian) is available in open access in the Internet.
Her life story is worthy of the attention of many. Not only the poetess’s creativity is valuable, but also her unbending will, desire to live and love.
Brief biography of Lesya Ukrainka. Origin
Her real name is Larisa Petrovna Kosach. Born on February 13 (new style 25th) 1871 in the city of Novograd-Volynsky in a family of descendants of a Ukrainian noble elder.
The parents of the future poetess - natives of the left bank of Ukraine - settled in Volyn in the summer of 1868. The family moved here from Kyiv to their father’s new place of service.
The head of the family, Pyotr Antonovich Kosach, a lawyer by education, a nobleman, was actively involved in social activities. He began his career with the rank and served for some time as the leader of the nobility in the Kovel district. Since 1901 - active state councilor. He was immortalized by literature and painting. Artists, musicians, and writers regularly gathered in the house, and home concerts were held.
The poetess's mother, Olga Petrovna Kosach (Dragomanova), came from small landed nobility, and was a Ukrainian writer, publicist, and ethnographer. As already mentioned, her pseudonym is Olena Pchilka. Active participant women's movement, publisher of the First Wreath almanac.
A short biography of Lesya Ukrainka in Ukrainian is given in the article below (see the section “About her - in her native language”).
Entourage
Her mother's brother (the writer's uncle) was a famous publicist, folklorist and literary critic, scientist and public figure Mikhail Petrovich Drahomanov. A hereditary nobleman, at one time he served as a privatdozent at and then as a professor at the university in Sofia (Bulgaria). Collaborated with Ivan Franko.
The uncle played a leading role in shaping the views of his niece: he conveyed to her his socialist beliefs and ideals of serving the homeland. It was with his help that the future poetess thoroughly studied several foreign languages and was able to familiarize myself with examples of classical world literature.
Aunt Lesya (as the future poetess was called in the family), Elena Antonovna Kosach, was an active revolutionary. In March 1879, for participating in an assassination attempt on one of the gendarmerie officials, she was exiled to Siberia for 5 years. Lesya responded to this event with her first poem “Hope” (1880).
Early childhood
She was inseparable from her older brother Mikhail. Together they were educated at home, studying with private teachers.
In 1878, her friendship began with her father’s sister, Aunt Yelya, who left a noticeable mark both in the life and work of the poetess.
In the same year, the family moved to the village of Kolodyazhnoye (Volyn), where the father, who was transferred to work in Lutsk, acquired land.
The following year, my aunt, Elena Antonovna Kosach, was arrested and exiled to Siberia.
In 1880, the husband of another aunt, Alexandra Antonovna Kosach (Shimanovskaya), was arrested and exiled, who, together with her two sons, moved to live with her brother’s family. Aunt Sasha became Lesya's first music teacher.
In the winter of 1881, the girl got a severe cold, as a result of which she developed serious disease, which haunted her all her life. Unbearable pain began in my leg, then my arms began to hurt.
Doctors initially diagnosed rheumatism. The symptoms of the disease were neutralized with the help of the medications they prescribed. But only for a while.
The autobiography of Lesya Ukrainka in Ukrainian contains revelations about what it cost her throughout her life to fight the pain and physical suffering that haunted her. The fragile girl had an indestructible character and enormous fortitude. “I shouldn’t cry, I laughed,” she writes. These words are translated into Russian as follows: “In order not to cry, I laughed.”
Diagnosis
The village of Kolodyazhnoe becomes permanent place family residence. Here are born younger brothers and sisters (in total there were six children in the family).
In 1883 (Lesya and her brother Mikhail were living and studying in Kyiv at that time) she was diagnosed with bone tuberculosis and had her arm operated on, as a result of which she had to forever forget about the career of a pianist that she had dreamed of.
Returns to Kolodyazhnoe, where he improves his health and continues his home education.
Youth
With the help of her mother, she studies European languages, including Latin and Ancient Greek. He is interested in painting.
About the level home education Larisa Kosach is evidenced by the fact that at the age of 19 she, based on the works of famous scientists, compiled a textbook on ancient history in Ukrainian, which was published many years later (in 1918) in Ekaterinoslav.
She translates a lot into Ukrainian (works by G. Heine, A. Mickiewicz, Homer, V. Hugo, N. Gogol, etc.). And this despite the fact that the disease constantly made itself felt. But her mother raised Lesya strong man who has no right to succumb to weakness and excessively express his feelings.
The beginning of creativity
And yet, the main thing that the biography of Lesya Ukrainka is rich in is the works of the poetess.
In 1884, she began to actively write (in Ukrainian). Her early poems - “Sappho”, “Lily of the Valley”, “Red Summer Has Come”, etc. - are published by the Lviv magazine “Zarya”.
Brief overview of written works
Over time, she will become the author of works of a wide variety of genres in journalism, poetry, prose, and drama. She will work a lot in the field of folklore - more than 200 folk melodies will be recorded from her voice. Become an active participant in the national movement.
Lesya Ukrainka will gain fame thanks to the creation of:
1) collections of poetry:
- 1893: “On the Wings of Songs”;
- 1899: “Thoughts and Dreams”;
- 1902: “Reviews”;
- 1893: “The Old Tale”;
- 1903: “One Word”;
- 1913: “Boyaryna”;
- 1907: “Cassandra”;
- 1905: “In the Catacombs”;
- 1911: “Forest Song” and others.
But that will come later. In the meantime...
Maturity
Since 1891, she has been traveling around Galicia and Bukovina, meeting many outstanding figures of Western Ukrainian culture: V. Stefanik, I. Franko, A. Makovey, N. Kobrinskaya.
For a year (1894-1895) he lived with his uncle Mikhail Drahomanov in Sofia.
A serious illness forces her to undergo treatment at resorts in Egypt, Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. The poetess visited the Caucasus, Odessa, and Crimea several times. Traveling enriched her experiences and broadened her horizons.
In the spring of 1907, together with her fiancé Klimenty Kvitka, she visited Alupka, Yalta, and Sevastopol.
In August of this year they officially formalize their marriage. They live in Kyiv for some time, then move to Crimea, where Kvitka manages to get a position in court.
Last years
Her illness progressed inexorably. Bone tuberculosis worsened, and incurable kidney disease was added to it.
She found the strength to create, overcoming severe suffering and pain.
Together with her husband, she collected folklore and developed her own dramas. During treatment in the Caucasus, the drama extravaganza “Forest Song”, the dramatic poem “Orgy”, and a lyric-epic triptych dedicated to Ivan Franko were created.
Having learned about her daughter’s worsening illness, her mother comes to Georgia and takes her dictation for the last remaining unfinished drama, “On the Shores of Alexandria.”
The great Ukrainian poetess died on July 19 (August 1), 1913 in the Georgian city of Surami. She turned 42 years old. She was buried in Kyiv at the Baikovo cemetery.
About her - in her native language
The biography of Lesya Ukrainka in Ukrainian, which we present in the article, briefly conveys the information already presented about her life. Native language the poetess will allow you to penetrate her spirit and better understand her inner world:
“Lesya Ukrainka is the pseudonym of a prominent Ukrainian writer, poet, translator, and cultural figure. The director of the name is Larisa Petrivna Kosach.
She was born on the 25th of 1871 near the town of Novograd-Volinsky in a noble homeland. Mother, you know, was a well-known writer who worked under the pseudonym Olena Pchilka. Father was a highly sanctified landowner. Uncle Lesi is a famous historian, Mikhailo Drahomanov.
Churches and blessed guests often gathered at the Kosachs’ house, home concerts and saints were held, in which children became participants.
Lesya started with private readers. At 6 years old I started embroidering well.
In 1881 she fell seriously ill with tuberculosis of the wrists.
Through the camp of health, I am afraid to turn from Kiev, where it began from my brother with private readers, to Kolodyazhnoye (a small town in Volina). With the help of her mother she learns foreign languages (French, German and others).
In 1884, their activity as a poet began. Lviv edition of “Zorya” and other first verses: “Convalia”, Sappho” and others.
1885 The Ukrainian translation of Mikoli Gogol’s works was published.
She translated a lot: Homer, Heine, Mickiewicz, Hugo.
At 19 rocks she created a handbook of history for her sisters.
Since 1891, Galicia, the regions of Europe, including Georgia, Italy, Egypt, have been richly manipulating. Get to know famous figures of world and Ukrainian culture. He lives in Sofia with his uncle for many hours.
Often this is more expensive because of the cost of healthy writing. Ale stinks also incredibly broaden their horizons and inspire creativity. These poems are charming collections of poems: “Vidguki”, “The Autumn Tale”, “On the Wings of a Song”, “Songs about Freedom”, the dramatic poem “Cassandra”, the drama extravaganza “The Forest Song” and others - awakened love 'I'm up to my people and yogo history, with a call to choose, I steal the share.
At the sickle, he is befriending Klimentiy Kvitka, who is a great hunter. Young people live in Krimu. Due to the suspicion of misbehavior, there is a gendarmerie search in the apartment and books are turned up.
The remaining fates of Lesya Ukrinka’s life pass along the roads and streets. She goes to Yalta, Batumi, Tbilisi, Kiev, Odessa, Evpatoria, goes to Berlin for a consultation, goes to Egypt for treatment.
The poet died on 19 June 1913 at the age of 42 at the place of Surami (Georgia).”
Her motto
Her words can be considered the leitmotif of Lesya Ukrainka’s work and the motto of her entire life:
“No, I want to laugh through tears,
In the midst of the rush, sing songs,
Without hope, to still believe,
I want to live! Get thinking!”
Her biography is interesting and surprising
Readers who are passionate about the work of a writer or poet, having familiarized themselves with official biography, they want to get to know him better, they are looking for details in biographies in which their idol would appear brighter, more multifaceted. Here are some Interesting Facts from the biography of Lesya Ukrainka.
According to experts on her life and work, the poetess was very fond of “cooking.” She made strawberry and cherry jam in the summer. And one day I brought and planted two dogwood bushes. They still bear fruit today. But jam from their berries is now made by museum staff in the village of Kolodyazhnoye.
According to the recollections of her relatives, in moments of enlightenment, when the illness was abating, she baked wonderful lemon mazurkas.
There were painful, protracted periods of several months when Lesya, due to illness, could not even get out of bed. But she did not lose heart, immersed herself in creativity, and developed her talent.
Her relationships with men - bright, sincere and amazingly beautiful - deserve a separate book. Her first true love, who overtook Lesya at the age of 15, was Maxim Slavinsky (18 years old). This love was reflected in her work, but the relationship did not last long.
A painful wound in her heart was left in 1897 by Nestor Gambarashvili, a young Georgian student who lived with the Kosachs. They taught each other languages: she taught him French, he taught her Georgian. When Nestor married someone else, Lesya's despair knew no bounds. After 45 years, the former lover mourned his love at her grave.
Sergei Merzhinsky is the man who left the deepest mark on her life. They met at the resort and quickly found mutual language, despite the fact that Lesya then experienced such hellish pain that sometimes she was forced to fall on a bench and sit motionless for a long time.
She could not reciprocate his feelings, because she sincerely believed that because of her illness she would be a burden to her beloved. He accepted the fact that he would remain only her friend.
But the disease struck Merzhinsky. She herself is seriously ill, Lesya is looking for means to cure her loved one, she is on duty at his bed day and night. But a severe form of tuberculosis progresses, and Sergei dies in her arms. Lesya will forever keep her love for him. From now on she wears only black clothes.
Six years later literary readings she meets Kliment Kvitka, famous musician and folklorist. Merzhinsky continued to live in her heart, but she accepts Kvitka’s offer. Their marriage lasts six years and ends with the death of the poetess.
They say that Clement loved Lesya so much that from time to time he sold property and belongings in order to provide her with the proceeds of treatment. He was never able to forgive his wife's early departure. After her death, Kvitka lived for another forty years, suffering and reproaching her for leaving him alone.
The biography of Lesya Ukrainka (like her work) is bright, talented, unforgettable. A series of delights and sufferings, poetic inspiration and the fight against illness, creative achievements and spiritual disappointments, high spiritual achievements and love losses. One of the best poets and writers in Ukraine, she is remembered not only for her brilliant works, but also for her ineradicable desire to truly live and love.
See Ukrainian Lesya. Literary encyclopedia. At 11 vol.; M.: Publishing House of the Communist Academy, Soviet encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Fritsche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929 1939. Lesya Ukraine ... Literary encyclopedia
Pseudonym of the Ukrainian poetess Larisa Petrovna Kosach (1872 1913). Daughter of the Little Russian writer Olena Pchilka (see Kosach), niece of M.P. Dragomanova, Lesya s youth entered the circle of Ukrainian literary interests. Collection of poems by Lesya: On... Biographical Dictionary
- [pseud.; present name - Larisa Petrovna Kosach Kvitka; 13(25) Feb. 1871 – July 19 (Aug. 1) 1913] – Ukrainian. writer, publicist and literary critic. Genus. in Novgorod Volynsky. She mastered many European languages. IN… … Philosophical Encyclopedia
Pseudonym of the famous Ukrainian poetess Larisa Petrovna Kosach. Genus. in 1872. The daughter of the Little Russian writer Olena Pchilka, the niece of M.P. Drahomanov, L. entered the circle of Ukrainian literary interests from a young age. Collection of poems by L.... ...
Pseudonym of the famous Ukrainian poetess Larisa Petrovna Kosach. Genus. in 1872. The daughter of the Little Russian writer Olena Pchilka, the niece of M.P. Drahomanov, L. entered the circle of Ukrainian literary interests from a young age. Collection of poems by L. Na... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
Russian Ukrainian poetess and critic, collect. songs, r. 1872. (Vengerov) ... Large biographical encyclopedia
Lesya Ukrainka Ukrainian writer Birth name: Larisa Petrovna Kosach Kvitka Pseudonyms: Lesya Ukrainka Date of birth: February 25, 1871 Place of birth ... Wikipedia
- (pseudonym; real name and surname Larisa Petrovna Kosach), Ukrainian writer. Born in noble family; daughter… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Ukrainian, Lesya- Lesya Ukrainka. UKRAINIAN Lesya (real name and surname Larisa Petrovna Kosach Kvitka) (1871 1913), Ukrainian writer. In the lyrics (collections “On the Wings of Songs”, 1893, “Echoes”, 1902; cycle “Songs about Freedom”, 1905) the spirit of freedom, courageous... ... Illustrated encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Lesya Ukrainka. Selected works, Lesya Ukrainka. This publication is one of the most full meetings selected poetic works of the Ukrainian writer in Russian. All works are grouped in three sections:…
- Lesya Ukrainka. Favorites, Lesya Ukrainka. Moscow, 1946. State Publishing House fiction. Publisher's binding. The condition is good. The book includes works by the Ukrainian poetess Lesya Ukrainka:...
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Biography, life story of Lesya Ukrainka
Lesya Ukrainka was born in the city of Novograd-Volynsky in 1871 on February 25. At that time, this part of Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire. At birth her name was Larisa Petrovna Kosach-Kvitka. Lesya's family (that was her name in the family circle, then the girl began to use her home name as literary pseudonym) was full of high spiritual interests. The girl's mother was a writer. She worked under the pseudonym Olena Pchilka. Her poetry and children's stories were widely known in Ukraine. Lesya's father was a highly educated landowner. He was interested in painting and literature. Lesin's uncle, whose name was Mikhail Drahomanov, constantly looked after the girl in a friendly manner and helped her in every possible way. He often updated his niece's library with literature brought from abroad.Lesya, whom everyone loved so much, was healthy and cheerful child. She did not receive a systematic standard education, since she did not go to gymnasium. Her mother, Olga Petrovna, was her only rather strict home teacher. Olga Petrovna was developed own program training. Lesya's father wanted to insist that teachers from the gymnasium study with his daughter. However, it was impossible to argue with Olga Petrovna. She was accustomed to the fact that in her daughter's life her decisions should be considered the main ones. Subsequently, this erroneous belief was reflected in some circumstances of Lesya’s life.
Lesya already at the age of five began composing small musical plays and playing them. Lesya wrote her first poem when she was eight years old.
In 1881, unexpectedly for everyone, the girl became seriously ill. She was in unbearable pain right leg. Everyone immediately decided that the girl had developed acute rheumatism. She was treated with bath procedures, herbs, and ointments. However, all this treatment was useless. Strong pain Over time, it began to pass into hands. After some time, doctors were still able to determine that it was bone tuberculosis. Due to illness on musical career the girls were given up. The girl underwent her first, very difficult and extremely unsuccessful operation. After the operation, the hand was crippled. From the time the girl fell ill, she had to stay in bed for a long time. She shouldn't have done it sudden movements, she constantly endured excruciating pain.
CONTINUED BELOW
Lesya's parents did not give up. They often took her to the sea for swimming and mud baths. Parents constantly turned to the best specialists, professors from Germany, resorted to folk medicine, but all to no avail. The disease subsided rarely and for a short time.
Lesya used to secretly walk at night in the park on the Kosach estate in Volyn. The adults had no idea about these walks at the time. Lesya’s extravaganza called “Forest Song” was written based on the memories of those walks through the Volyn forests.
Lesya always tried to find joy in everything, even in small things. This girl had an indomitable spirit. She spent her nights tirelessly studying languages. She studied Spanish, Ancient Greek, Latin, Bulgarian, German, Polish, Italian, English and French languages. Lesya was also interested in and studied such areas of science as geography, history of art and religions, history eastern peoples and cultures. For her sisters, who were younger than her, at the age of nineteen, Lesya Ukrainka wrote a textbook about the ancient history of the East.
Lesya was twenty years old when her first work was published in Lviv. It was a thin book of poetry called “On the Wings of Song.” This collection was warmly received by critics and readers. This work very quickly brought fame to the poetess. Many poems from a thin book very quickly became folk songs. They were often sung by those who did not even know the author.
The theme of homeland and freedom is constantly visible in the poetess’s works. Uncle Lesya was a supporter of the national independence of his homeland from the Russian Empire. He was forced to emigrate from Ukraine. Aunt Lesya (Elena Antonovna Kosach) was repeatedly arrested and exiled for participating in revolutionary actions.
Lesya's lover, whose name was Sergei Merzhinsky, was terminally ill, but also took part in revolutionary actions, and was also involved in distributing leaflets and proclamations. Olga Petrovna, the poetess's mother, was a loving but domineering woman. She was opposed to her daughter’s rapprochement with Merzhinsky; this affair frightened her because of Merzhinsky’s dangerous activities. In addition, in this situation, an important role was played by the simple selfish jealousy of the mother, the fear of losing power and control over a helpless and fragile child (her daughter always seemed like this to Olga Petrovna).
When Sergei Merzhinsky was dying of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1901, Olga Petrovna had to unquestioningly obey her daughter’s strong-willed desire to go to Minsk and be there with her loved one. Sergei Konstantinovich died in the arms of his Larochka (that’s what he called Lesya). After the death of Merzhinsky, Lesya, in order to get out of the state of pain from the loss of her loved one, wrote a lyrical drama called “Obsessed” in one night. A whole cycle of lyrical poems from 1898 to 1900 was dedicated to Sergei Konstantinovich. It was published only after the poetess passed away.
Lesya was very modest by nature and selected her creations for publication especially carefully. Readers never saw much of what Lesya wrote during her lifetime.
The drama “Forest Song,” one of Lesya’s best creations, is also engulfed in the inner flame of deep feelings. Here, the image of a mermaid who, having fallen in love, left her forest world, is inspired by legends, beliefs and fairy tales that Lesya heard as a child in the Volyn region. The poetess wrote this dramatic poem in just ten days, it was white almost immediately. Readers received this creation by Lesya with delight. However, this work was staged much later at the Lesya Ukrainka Theater in Kyiv. The stage production took place in Soviet time around the middle of the 20th century.
Lesya’s second famous creation was the play “The Stone Master.” This drama was first staged in 1914 in drama theater Sadovsky M.K. in Kyiv. The performance was sold out.
When Larisa Petrovna was thirty-six years old, she fell in love again. He was a scientist, folklorist and musicologist, a collector of folk songs and legends. His name was Clement Kvitka. This man responded to her feelings with the same deep and sincere affection. Lesya’s mother was again opposed to her daughter’s rapprochement with “some beggar” (that’s how she spoke contemptuously of Clement). Clement was a gentle person, shy and reserved. He became very attached to Lesya and flatly refused to leave her. Lesya's mother, despite all the gloomy forecasts and all her anger, was forced to agree to her daughter's marriage. However, after marriage, Olga Petrovna tirelessly continued to poison her daughter’s life with letters. In them, she tried in any way to discredit her daughter’s husband. Olga Petrovna called him “a dishonest man who married their family’s money.” In this situation it was difficult to understand and justify the mother.
Over time, Lesya and Clement decided to refuse the help of their parents. From now on, Clement had to earn all the money that was needed for his wife’s treatment himself. The young people sold everything they could. They only valued the library.
Lesya also underwent treatment abroad. However, everything was in vain. The process of bone tuberculosis has worsened. Added to this was severe kidney disease. Lesya died in the city of Surami in Georgia in 1913 on August 1.
For all of us who do not remember history and are new to cultural heritage.
Lesya Ukrainian is not Lesya at all, and not Ukrainian at all (she is not Ukrainian at all).
Real name is Larisa Petrovna Kosach. Lesya's (Larissa's) parents, Pyotr Kosach and Olga Dragomanova, were Russians, or rather Rusyns. The family of Olga, Lesya-Larissa’s mother, came from Greek roots.
However, Lesya’s mother also dabbled in poetry and published under the pseudonym Olena Pchilka. In principle, Ukrainian was not the native language of either “Lesya” or “Olena”, but there was an order for Ukrainization, and customers from Austria paid well for the work. A family friend was Ivan Yakovlevich Franko (also a Rusyn?), in fact, he was also in this business. As they say, “nothing personal” And only Lesya’s (Larissa Petrovna’s) dad Pyotr Antonovich Kosach was an ardent defender of the Russian language and the unity of all Russians (Great Russians, Little Russians, Belarusians...). Who remembers this now? After all, in Soviet period It was considered indecent to remember this...
Some details (you can double-check this version if interested): http://alternatio.org/articles/item/2073-victim-mother-little-known-Lesya-Ukrainian
And this is Lesya-Larissa’s mother. "Noble Maiden" Russian Empire and corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, daughter of a landowner and niece of the Decembrist Yakov Yakimovich Drahomanov... http://podgift.ru/mans3_5r.htm
And here is Lesya’s (Larissa’s) great-uncle. Yakov Akimovich (Yakimovich) Drahomanov. Decembrist, i.e. Freemason, member of the Society of United Slavs. Although he opposed the Russian state system, he was a true internationalist. And, as the name of the society suggests, he advocated the unity of the Slavs (in any case, such a goal was declared). By the way, he was a very worthy, honest and brave man and officer. Although on the day of the Senate uprising he was in the hospital and was not threatened with hard labor, he honestly admitted his revolutionary beliefs and did not deny his participation in the conspiracy... http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_d/dragomanov_jakov.php
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%F0%E0%E3%EE%EC%E0%ED%EE%E2,_%DF%EA%EE%E2_%DF%EA%E8%EC %EE%E2%E8%F7
Continuing to dig a little deeper around the “apple tree”, next to which Dragoman’s “apples” fell, we find this. The Society of United Slavs, as it turns out, advocated federalization. Those. for the unification of all Slavs in a single large state: “Russia, Poland, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary with Transylvania, Serbia, Moldavia, Wallachia, Dalmatia and Croatia. Members of society considered Hungarians to be Slavs.” As we see, Ukraine in this list no (i.e. it is part of Russia). At the same time, within the framework of a federal state, the “Slavs” proposed to clearly define the borders of each of the states included in the federation (it was not proposed to divide Russia into Great, Small, New, Red, White, etc. parts of Rus'). The Society of the United Slavs was perhaps the most peace-loving (though some consider it the most warlike) of all the Decembrist communities. Although it joined overall plan regicide (some members of this society took a corresponding oath), the “Slavs” categorically opposed the armed uprising, because. military revolutions (!) “are not the cradle, but the coffin of freedom, in the name of which they are committed.” However, for the freedom of the people they were ready to shed their own blood...
http://www.hrono.ru/libris/lib_n/nechk15.php
This is not about the origins of the poets, but about the origins of the idea of dividing Russia and Ukraine (and the resulting bloodshed). And about the origin of the most modern Ukrainian language, tailored to order... And what’s interesting: neither the customers nor the performers were Ukrainians in the ethnic sense. However, Pushkin also had a hand in the creation of the modern Russian language. But he did not do this by order of the interventionists, and the idea of a new Russian (“Moskal”, i.e. Pushkin!) language does not even contain a shred of thought about the need to divide the large Russian Slavic community.
I recommend reading this text, written by Panteleimon Kulish, one of the inventors of modern Ukrainian (its first version, which bears little resemblance to the chimera used by modern Ukrainian politicians).
