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Why is it considered bad if a child draws a dolphin. Why does the child not want to draw

Why is it considered bad if a child draws a dolphin. Why does the child not want to draw

28.02.2019

Starting from one year old age All kids love to draw. As soon as they see a pencil or a ballpoint pen, they immediately strive to grab them in their little hands and decorate with their painting any paper that comes to hand: a book, a newspaper, and even wallpaper. Parents, of course, are interested in seeing what their child draws. But a one-year-old child still does not know how to draw anything, so he draws lines, dashes and bold dots. However, children at this age already know how to choose colors, and therefore, when drawing, they try to use a bright and multi-color palette.

The more contrast colors in a child's drawing, the more restless he is in his soul. For example, a combination of bright red with black speaks of aggressiveness, and green with blue - of his calmness. Two-year-olds are already starting to choose their favorite color and often paint with just that color. It is very rare for children at this age to draw. bright colors, most often they choose dark blue, black, gray and brown.

This is related to the fact that Baby wants parents to notice his drawings and chooses a color that has the most contrast with white paper. Parents should not worry about this, at this age it is completely normal. But behind the dashes, figures, circles and little men of a three-year-old child, valuable information is already hidden. Attentive parents can independently, without the help of a psychologist, decipher them and find out what is going on in the soul of the child.

More all 3 year olds trying to portray a person. They draw a head that looks like a torso at the same time, a mouth and eyes that are a line and pairs of circles. The legs and arms in children's drawings resemble sticks, and the neck, nose, fingers, ears, eyelashes are most often absent in the works of art of children of this age. They will appear later, but for now the baby perceives the world as a space filled with people. He understands that in this world he also exists, who should have his own personal place where he is most loved. Therefore, he draws himself in the circle of family members, teachers or friends from kindergarten. Here's what you can learn from children's drawings in the form of little men:

1. Baby stopped drawing, and only one little man flaunts on paper. This is a wake up call. This means that for some reason he does not see himself in the structure of the family and feels lonely. Usually, younger children draw themselves first, then the family member they consider more important. Usually this is mom or dad, then they diligently bring out a brother or sister, grandma or grandpa, and so on.

2. Child drew all family members, except for dad or mom. This is how children draw incomplete families when one of the parents is absent. Such a drawing signals a hidden dislike for the person who is not in his drawing. This is a kind of childish revenge for the fact that he is offended to feel deprived of the parental caress of his father or mother. A dangerous signal if the child drew all the family members, but did not draw himself among them. This means that he lacks parental love and he does not feel needed in the family.

3. By sizes body parts of little men, you can find out what opinion the child has about himself. If the kid drew himself small, and the rest of the family members are large, then he depends too much on the opinion of his parents. The tactics of raising such children should be reconsidered, too stringent requirements and punishments can suppress the individuality and independence of the child. A man with a small head also speaks of a child's low self-esteem, which means he does not feel smart and doubts his abilities. If in a child's drawing the torso of a person is clearly drawn, and the head is barely noticeable, then this is a drawing of a shy and timid child. A large torso and a large head indicate that the child does not complex and considers himself strong.

4. If on figure the arms of mom or dad are too long, this indicates that this parent often punishes him and he is afraid of him. Thick and big feet parents signal a tense atmosphere in the family, which means that the baby subconsciously wants better attitude between parents. The absence of a mouth in a dad or mom in the picture is a bad signal. This signals that this parent often scolds the baby and he does not want to hear his words anymore. Also, little men without a mouth are drawn by unsociable children who do not have friends in the kindergarten and experience mental suffering from this. If the child draws all the people with their hands raised, then it is time for parents to think about the reasons for the formation of an aggressive character in the child. The child enjoys the fact that he is afraid, and expects from the parents the immediate fulfillment of all his whims.

For children drawings children 5-7 years of age appear eyes, nose, fingers, neck, eyelashes, hair and clothes. The more carefully a child draws a person's face, the more he is preoccupied with his appearance. If a person's hands are pressed to the body, then the child grows closed, he does not feel happy. The open and cheerful nature of a child can be recognized by the image of a person with widely spaced different sides hands, open palms and smiling from ear to ear. If a child draws toothy monsters instead of men, then this is a sign of childish aggression.

In children's drawings reflects the child's attitude to the people around him and his perception of himself. Analysis of a child's drawing not only expands the possibilities of parents in identifying hidden shortcomings in the child's character, but also gives full information about the mistakes they made in their upbringing. If a child draws the same toothy person every time, then parents should think about what scares him so much and get to know his environment better in kindergarten or reconsider their upbringing methods.

The "Drawing of a Man" test was developed by K. Mahover in 1946 on the basis of the F. Goodenough test in order to determine individual personality traits.

Research procedure

The child is given a simple pencil of medium softness and a standard blank sheet of A4 paper (21 x 29 cm) and is asked to create a drawing: "Please draw the person you want."

Your request may generate a lot of questions or a refusal. If the child refuses, we must try to convince him. All kinds of questions, which, as a rule, are of a clarifying nature (“What kind of person?”), Should be answered evasively, for example: “Anyone”, “Draw whatever you want”. To any expression of doubt, you can say: "You start, and then it will be easier ...". In response to your request, the child will not necessarily create a full-fledged drawing of a person. He can draw a person in part, something like a bust or in the form of a caricature, a cartoon character, an abstract image.

In principle, any drawing can provide important information about the child, however, if the drawing does not meet the requirements, the child is asked to take another sheet of paper and draw the person again, now in full growth, in its entirety: with the head, torso, arms and legs. The instruction is repeated until a satisfactory drawing of the human figure is obtained. All questions and remarks of the child in the process of drawing, the features of his behavior, as well as such manipulations as erasing drawing elements and additions, you must fix. The same goes for drawing time.

Observations of the child made in the process of working on the drawing will give you important information about its features. How did he react to the task? Did he express resistance or a sharp refusal? Did you ask additional questions and how many? Did he express an urgent need for further guidance?

If so, in what way: did he state it directly or was it expressed in his movements and behavior? Maybe the child boldly began to complete the task and did not express any doubts about his abilities? Or were his doubts and insecurities reflected in everything he did and said? Such observations provide much food for thought: the child may feel insecure, anxious, restless, insecure, doubtful, suspicious, arrogant, negativistic, extremely critical, hostile, tense, calm, trusting, curious, confused , alert, impulsive, etc. and so on.

After the drawing is completed, ask the child if he drew everything, and then proceed to a conversation that is based on the drawing and its features. During the conversation, you can clarify all the unclear points of the picture, and through the attitudes, feelings and experiences that the child expresses during the conversation, you can get unique information about his emotional, psychological state. The conversation may include questions: Who is this person? Where does he live? Does he have friends? What does he do? Is he good or evil? Who is he looking at? Who is looking at him?

Basically you can resort to short version processing graphic information. You will not find any deep revelations, but you will receive some data regarding the mental development of the child. The answers to the questions below will make it clear whether the child shows any obvious abnormalities, whether there are signs of psychopathology.

Result interpretation

It is very easy to draw conclusions. In general, the child's drawing should correspond to the description given. The closer his drawing is to this sample, the higher the level of his development. Assigning one point to each positive answer, sum up the points received.

A normally mentally developed child should score, in accordance with his age, the points indicated below.

5 years - 10 points
6 years - 14 points
7 years - 18 points
8 years - 22 points
9 years - 26 points
10 years - 30 points
11 years - 34 points
12 years - 38 points
13 years - 42 points
14 years old - over 42 points

In favor of the child, such additional details of the drawing as a cane, briefcase, roller skates, etc., speak in favor of the child, but on condition that this detail is appropriate in this figure or even necessary for a given depicted person, for example, a sword for a warrior.

There may also be negative signs in the picture that you should pay attention to, as they may indicate certain problems.

There are no eyes on the face; one eye on the face in full face; two eyes on the face in profile.
No nose, nose in the form of a single vertical line or dot.
No mouth or one-dimensional mouth as a horizontal line.
No torso or wand-shaped torso.
There are no hands (the figure has one hand in full face), no fingers.
Mitten brushes, stump brushes or fingerless circles.
No feet.
There are no clothes and no sexual characteristics.
The lower leg is wider than the thigh and other violations of body proportions.

Note first of all whether there are gross errors in the image of the figure, for example, those listed above.

If we proceed from the fact that the drawing of the human figure symbolizes the image of the body, which is considered very susceptible to external stimuli that violate emotional condition child, then the picture will symbolically reflect the problems that he is experiencing. The more significant the child's disorder, the more both his body image and the graphic representation of the latter suffer. Following the image of the body, the drawing of the child may suffer completely or partially, or simply become slightly different from the generally accepted one. Among the serious deviations, such as the image of a figure with disparate body parts, completely inappropriate details, the image of another object instead of a person, the erasure of a painted human figure, rigid, motionless, robotic (Fig. 14) or very bizarre figures.

Such cases indicate serious problems and disorders.

Another significant negative factor is the child's depiction of a figure of the opposite sex, which is not necessarily associated with homosexual tendencies, as is often assumed. It can be an expression of a confused sexual role, a strong attachment or dependence on a parent of the opposite sex, a strong attachment or dependence on some other person of the opposite sex.

Faced with something similar or simply incomprehensible, do not rush to draw conclusions. Some oddities in the drawings may have simple and plausible explanations. Therefore, the next step will be the description of the drawn figure. Ask the child to tell who is shown in his picture. Even a simple description of a drawing by a child can give interesting information, because, despite the lack of external resemblance of the author and his creation, in the description of the figure we will talk about the child himself, his feelings, thoughts and experiences.

Other questions to ask your child to get as much information from him as possible:

Who is he?
Do you know this person?
Who does he look like, who does he resemble?
What were you thinking about when you drew?
What does the drawn person do, what is he doing at the moment?
How old is he?
Where is he located?
What is around him?
What is he thinking about?
What does he feel?
What does he do?
You like him?
does he have bad habits?
Does he have any wishes?
What comes to your mind when you look at this drawn person?
Is this person healthy?
What does this person want the most?

During this conversation with the child, you can ask him to clarify or comment on the unclear details, doubtful or fuzzy places in the picture. Ask also which part of the body, in his opinion, turned out the best and why, and which part was the most unfortunate, why.

Another way to talk to a child is to ask him to write a story about this person.

After you have collected the initial information through this brief survey and analysis of the child's behavior while drawing, you should move on to interpreting the drawing. First of all, you need to keep in mind that each part of the depicted figure has symbolic meaning, the nature of which is taken into account in the interpretation. Each organ of the body takes on a special symbolic meaning, as echoes of the emotional and social life of the child appear in it.

Once again, we want to warn about the unacceptability of hasty conclusions. Research shows that the ways and manner of expressing emotions, experiences, conflicts and other aspects of a child's mental life change depending on the situation and vary from person to person. Therefore, you should not try to make any diagnosis on the basis of a single sign; in the process of analysis, it is necessary to take into account the drawing as a whole.

The symbolic meaning of the human figure

Head- the personification of the sphere of intellect, the place of localization of the "I" of the child, his mental center, therefore it is not surprising that maximum attention is paid to the head. If a child pays little attention to the head, this may indicate problems of adaptation to the social environment, communication difficulties, or even the presence of neurosis, since the head and, in particular, forehead- it is also a reflection of self-control and the scope social contacts. This is the part of the body that is always open to the views of others and through this is involved in the process of relationships with other people. The absence of a forehead indicates that the child is consciously ignoring the mental realm.

The ratio of the proportions of the head and torso is the relationship between the physical and the spiritual in the child. If a person has disproportionately large head- this may be a sign that the child is suffering from headaches or is experiencing other negative effects in this area. Fixation on the head may be associated with a weakening of intellectual abilities or control, as a result of which the importance of this body part for the child increases. A large head acts in this case as an expression of the desire to compensate for what is missing. Adolescents who are aware of their lag behind their peers in mental development, in the development of reading or writing skills, etc., or who suffer from adaptation disorders, also often draw a large head in a person.

Hair. Highlighting hair on the head may indicate a desire to emphasize the masculinity of the male figure. Emphasis on girls' hair, careful depiction of lush hairstyles, long, cascading hair, combined with other obvious elements of decoration, may indicate early sexual maturation.

Face- a symbol of the sphere of communication, the most important center of communication. It is considered to be the most social part of the drawing. A child who experiences difficulties in communication is timid, tends to avoid problems associated with conflicts in relations with others, depicts facial features indistinctly, draws them weakly, depicts them very schematically, misses the image of facial features. At the same time, he can carefully and confidently select other parts of the figure. The case when the child draws the face is also indicative. The relationship of such a child is very superficial, he tolerates other people in so far as. He is extremely wary, expects only bad things from others, and is often hostile towards others.

We can also talk about aggression and hostility in the case of the image of the corresponding facial expression: bulging eyes, compressed lips or an open mouth with bared teeth. Well-drawn facial features speak of attention to oneself, healthy self-esteem. On the other hand, focusing on this part, overemphasizing and emphasizing facial features may be an attempt to create an image of a socially adapted, successful person with personal energy in order to compensate for his inadequacy and weakness of self-affirmation.

Painted face- a rather negative sign, which correlates with the loss of identity, the loss of a sense of one's own "I". An equally disturbing fact is the image of an animal face or resembling a robot, as well as an impersonal, expressionless face, which can be said to be inanimate.

Chin. It has a stereotypical meaning, according to which we know that the chin is a reflection of willpower, authority, masculinity, etc. Passion for the image of the chin, which is manifested in the fact that it is often erased, redrawn, outlined or drawn noticeably protruding (in profile figures), can be regarded as compensation for weakness, indecision, and fear of responsibility. This can mean a desire for superiority and gaining significance in the eyes of others. Such an interpretation is even more justified if the strong, with pressure, drawing of the entire facial profile is combined with weak, light lines in the image of the remaining parts. In this case, it can be assumed that the author of the drawing does not actually possess such qualities and only draws himself as such in his imagination.

Brows. Eyebrows are given the same importance as the scalp. Neat eyebrows, as well as a neat hairstyle, are evidence of caring for one's own appearance, grooming, restraint, and moderation. Thick, shaggy eyebrows speak of rudeness of character, obstinacy, intemperance, primitive morals, etc. Raised eyebrows are associated with arrogance and arrogance.

Ears- if they are, then they indicate openness of perception or alertness in relation to the outside world. The ears of the children begin to portray in pretty late age, so skipping this body part or hiding it behind hair is considered insignificant. A certain emphasis on the ears in the figure may indicate sensitivity to remarks and condemnation, and indirectly - stubbornness and disobedience to authorities.

Eyes, as you know, is a mirror of the soul, a reflection of the inner world of the child. Already one expression of the eyes can say a lot about a child: shy, dreamy, gloomy. A piercing, piercing look is an expression of aggressiveness. The eyes are large, with traced pupils or without pupils with shaded sclera - a symbol of fear or anxiety. Large and carefully traced eyes are mainly drawn by girls and much less often by boys. Eyes that are wide open but not exaggerated can be a sign of curiosity. The look is not straight, but slanted indicates suspicion.

Since with the help of the eyes we contact the outside world, in the case of small eyes, we can talk about secrecy, self-centeredness, absorption own feelings. Closed eyes- an attempt to isolate oneself from the outside world, from contacts with others. The absence of pupils, empty eye sockets, probably indicate extreme egocentrism, that the child does not find anything worthy of his attention around. Beautiful, symmetrical, well-drawn eyes are a reflection of the desire to be attractive, likeable to other people.

Mouth is a multivalued element. If the mouth is open, then this is considered to be a sign of aggression or verbal activity of an aggressive nature, if teeth are drawn, then this is a clear aggression. Perhaps she is protective. The selection of the mouth, which can be expressed in erasing, displacement, disproportionate size, emphasis, etc., is generally typical of small children who were not so long ago in oral dependence on their mother. In older children, this is already becoming a sign of dependence, lack of independence. The mouth, indicated by one straight line, may indicate internal tension.

Lips- a generally accepted symbol of the sexual sphere. In the drawings of children, lips are one of those details that convey general expression faces. Puffy lips in a figure drawn by a girl are a sign of correct gender identification. Drawn lips in the drawing of a teenager may indicate the presence of narcissistic tendencies.

Nose- in itself has no interpretative value. Often, in connection with the nose, they recall the psychoanalytic interpretation, in line with which it is considered a sexual symbol. Although practicing psychologists believe that a teenager experiencing sexual problems is more likely to focus on symbols such as a tie or trouser pockets, and not on the nose. The absence of a nose may indicate some degree of intellectual disability.

Neck is a link between the body (a symbol of animal passions, impulsive life) and the head (intellectual center, mind, control). The areas of the neck are given attention by those who are concerned with the relationship between bodily urges and conscious control.
Such people are not sure that they can always cope with their impulses. They are characterized by a state of a certain duality. A long neck is associated with a tense, constrained, moralistic, mannered person, well in control of himself.
A short neck can symbolize naturalness, straightforwardness. The absence of a neck in children's drawings is a sign of immaturity.

Rice. 17

Hands- a symbol of activity, communication and contact (Fig. 17). If a person's hands are spread apart, as if for a hug, stretched towards the environment - this is a sign of sociability, active interaction with the outside world. If, on the contrary, the hands are hidden behind the back, sluggishly hang along the body, tightly pressed to the body, the palms are hidden in the pockets - this may indicate unsociableness and isolation. In combination with other features of the drawing, this can be a sign of withdrawal, narcissism and vanity, or strong internal tension. Other important characteristic images of hands are their tone. Flexible, movable, freely positioned hands probably indicate good social adaptability, ease of establishing contacts with the environment, active penetration into the environment. Rigid, stiff, mechanically outstretched, bent at right angles arms can characterize superficial and unemotional contacts with the outside world.

Large, large palms- a sign of an active, explosive character, while the absence of palms indicates unsuitability, lack of faith in one's own strengths, a feeling of unsuitability. Weakly traced palms indicate insufficient contact, a limited sphere of communication and low productivity in practical activities. Carefully traced fingers mean the ability to control the situation, to hold it in hand, to manage it.

Long fingers with nails or stressing fists- a sign of aggression, militancy. Fists on the hand away from the body - open hostility, rebellion, confrontation. If the hands are clenched fists pressed to the body, we can talk about a hidden, suppressed tendency to rebellion. Fingers depicted as if a person is ready to grab onto something, like the claws of a bird of prey, can speak of aggression. Other possible symbols of hostility: hands raised up, painted hands.

Lack of hands- an extreme degree of passivity, inactivity, lack of sociability, timidity, intellectual immaturity. In combination with such features of the drawing as the absence of a mouth, the absence of a torso and the general grotesqueness of the drawing, the absence of hands indicates a poor adaptability of the child. For older children, the absence of hands is very unusual fact. In addition, it can express the feeling of guilt that the child feels in connection with his aggressive, hostile attitude. The same can mean heavily shaded hands.

short arms may indicate isolation, turning inward, on oneself, and the desire to keep oneself within certain limits, not allowing one's impulses to manifest. If a child draws Long hands - this indicates a focus on the outside world, contact, the desire to acquire, accumulate. large, muscular arms children draw, recognizing the priority of strength, striving to become physically strong, also large and Strong arms appear in the drawings of those who are trying in this way to balance, compensate for their own weakness. On the other hand, a child who is aware of his weak physical condition may depict thin, fragile hands.

torso- a symbol of the child's idea of \u200b\u200bthe physical appearance of a person. A strong, muscular body drawn by a fragile, weak child is a sign of compensation for the missing, ideal physical appearance for him. large, strong body with powerful shoulders in the figure of a child of normal build - inner strength, strong ego.

wide, massive shoulders serve as an expression physical strength and superiority. Adolescents who experience sexual inadequacy may express this in strongly emphasized shoulders in relation to other parts of the body. If strong child draws a weak body, then perhaps this is due to some kind of experience from past experience.

fragile body may be an expression of one's own weakness. A self-indulgent child who ignores any form of self-control may draw a weak, limp body with a disproportionately small head. If Small child depicts the navel - this is a sign of egocentrism, if the navel is drawn by an older child - this becomes an expression of infantilism or the desire to withdraw into oneself. In general, the rounded shape of the body is poise, a calmer character, some femininity.

Angled, rectangular shape associated with masculinity, energy and expressiveness. Often the figure is decorated with additional accessories (bows, buckles, etc.). This means increased attention to your own person. An extremely negative sign is the image of the insides of the body. It indicates serious mental disorders.

Legs- a symbol of support, stability, focus on practical orientation. If the feet are drawn in profile, this is a sign of stability, self-confidence.

Fig.18

Feet facing toes to the observer, or no stop express a feeling of uncertainty (Fig. 18). Adolescents who separate the lower half of the body in the figure with a bold line can thus express the presence of problems associated with the sexual sphere. Weak, short, poorly traced or shaded legs - an expression of uncertainty, weakness, own worthlessness, discouragement. If the feet dressed man depicted with fingers, this may indicate extreme aggressiveness.

small, unstable feet- a fairly common feature of the drawings of children experiencing a sense of insecurity. Such children draw unstable figures, ready to fall at any moment due to the extremely weak stability of tiny feet. The child unconsciously expresses in symbolic form the instability of a personality built on a weak, unreliable foundation. In the event of a lack of a basic sense of security, personality development is impaired; constant anxiety continues to hinder progress toward emotional maturity and mental health.

Genitals. Hiding the genital area is often found in drawings of teenage girls. In the female figure, the hands are depicted shyly covering the lower abdomen, while the arms of the male figure are boldly spread apart. One girl drew a bride holding a bouquet over the central part of her body. Other objects may be depicted above the lower abdomen.

Candid image of the genitals. The image of the genitals is so unusual that their presence in the picture can be very significant. The refusal to reproduce sexual organs does not appear to be due to a cultural taboo. A more likely explanation is the shift of interest away from one's body and towards the fascinating world around them, which is typical of children's behavior during the period of latent sexuality. Between six and twelve years of age, well-adjusted children become more and more involved in the process of mastering new skills and in what suits the mores of their schoolmates and friends.

Drawings of children of the period of latent sexuality, in which the penis or vulva are depicted frankly, are very rare. The reasons for this unusual addition are to be sought in cases which involve precocious children aware of the high emotional value invested in the sexual organs. Hernia surgery or circumcision after infancy can cause fear of castration.

Seduction by older children or adults or more subtle maneuvers can excite a child during a period of latent sexuality, especially a bright, sensitive child. Whatever the cause of those rare cases of exposed genitalia - and in most cases it was a behavioral disorder of one kind or another (aggression, phobias) - it did not prevent children, reaching adolescence, from developing and adapting well.

Since the drawn figure is considered to be closely related to the author of the drawing and characterizes him in a certain way, the interpretation should cover the maximum of the features of the drawing. Aspects of a person's drawing, such as the size of the figure, its pose and location on the sheet, the quality of the lines (pressure, hardness, duration or discontinuity), the sequence of details, the use of background or background effects, as well as foreign objects, are significant aspects of the child's idea of itself and are also subject to analysis. The proportions of the body parts of the figure, the presence of unfinished elements of the drawing, the level of detail drawing, the presence of strong pressure and its localization, erasures, changes in the drawing, the emotions expressed on the face of a person and in his posture are taken into account.

The size and position of the drawing on the sheet

Feeling insecure, anxious children tend to draw small figures that modestly occupy only a small area of available space. The small size of the figure can indicate depression and a sense of inadequacy. In contrast, well-adjusted children with developed sense security writers draw freely, easily, creating a drawing that, by its size, scope and conspicuous placement on the page, expresses freedom from anxiety and anxiety. The unnecessarily large, bulky size of the figure, apparently, expresses weak internal control and expansiveness.

A tilted figure may reflect a lack of mental balance, instability. A figure shifted to the right on the sheet indicates an orientation to the outside world, a shift to the left means an emphasis on oneself. If a child occupies the upper part of the sheet with a drawing, it means that he is prone to optimism. The feeling of oppression, depression is often reflected in the location of the figure at the bottom of the sheet.

A large, grandiose figure placed in the center of the sheet speaks of inflated self-esteem. If a child draws a line of the earth and places a person high from it, so that he seems to be floating in the air, then, probably, he is characterized by isolation from reality, a penchant for fantasy and imagination games, and weak contact with reality.

perspective

Boys (rarely girls) adolescence sometimes they depict a person with a full face body and a head in profile. Such an unnatural position of the figure is usually considered a sign of social tension. In addition, it can serve as a sign of a certain sense of guilt associated with the sphere of communication. If such a position - head in profile, torso in full face - is aggravated by the image of the legs in profile, then in this case we can talk about low mental development and a violation of spatial imagination.

Other image features

transparency effect(the ability to see one detail through another in the picture). The presence of transparent elements in the drawing can be a completely natural factor if the drawing is made by a child of 6 years old.

Fig.19

At an older age, this may already have a negative meaning, since the transparency of details contradicts reality (Fig. 19). We can talk about a small developmental delay, or more serious disorders, such as personality disorganization or mental retardation. In the "soft" version, transparency may also indicate that the child feels deprived of support and protection. A negative transparency value is evaluated by the number of transparent elements and by the size of the transparent part (the second case seems to be more indicative).

Optional details. Among the optional details of the drawing are such as a cigarette or pipe, weapons, a cane, buttons, pockets, a hat. The weapon in the hands of the drawn figure is interpreted as a sign of a hostile, aggressive attitude. Buttons in the drawings of older children may indicate a lack of maturity, infantilism. The same, apparently, is evidenced by the allocation of pockets. Emphasizing elements such as a tie and a hat is considered to have a sexual connotation. Other sexual symbols are the pipe, the cigarette, and less commonly the cane. The selection of the fly on the trousers can be observed in adolescents preoccupied with masturbation.

Scattered parts of the body. Cases such as these are undoubtedly deviant, since the vast majority of children, even from their earliest attempts at human drawing, draw an integrated figure. A drawing of a person in which the parts are scattered without regard to each other is a clear deviation from the norm. This refusal to create a coherent drawing has been noted in children with severe disabilities and is an indicator of their personal disorganization.

Limited, ascetic, robotic drawings. Limited, stereotypical figures are drawn by emotionally immature children. This violation may different forms, but the most typical for most children is the discrepancy between abilities and school performance. Many of them are quite capable, but weakly receptive to academic pursuits. Often the origins of a problem can be traced back to family situation marked by excessive tension.

Excessive shading. Emphasis on the hatching of the entire drawn figure or part of it can be observed in the drawings of anxious children. Hatching may be limited to the face, lower body, or in particular the genital area.
Excessive, vigorous shading, sometimes directed to the genital area, can be seen in the drawings of suppressed, overly controlled junior schoolchildren, at an age close to the period of latent sexuality. For children who have passed this stage, that is, over 13 years old, who have reached the age when the child is prone to introspection and is worried about his abilities, such reactions are not typical. Cases of shading in drawings can be indicators of emotional distress.

Drawings without people. The drawing of a person has been and continues to be a favorite subject of children's creativity. In the process of intellectual and personal growth a child's drawing of a person undergoes a series of transformations, but this image must persist for at least a period of latent sexuality as a central motif in drawings that may include pets, a house, flowers, a tree, a blazing sun, perhaps even a cloud or two. For young children, the exclusion of a human figure from the drawing is so atypical, which, of course, confirms the assumption of probable difficulties in interpersonal relationships. The refusal to draw a person and depict inanimate objects must be considered as an unusual, possibly deviant act, suggesting difficulties in interpersonal relationships, abnormal indifference, emotional alienation, autism.

Dark clouds and shaded sun. Many well-adjusted children can light up a drawing of the human figure by adding a shining sun. Usually in one of the upper corners of the leaf, often in the form of an arc. The lines coming out of the circle represent rays, and the sun may have a smiling face.
Unusually for children, if they add shower clouds and shade the sun. These ominous signs have been seen in the drawings of unhappy, anxious, depressed children.

Erasures. The facts of erasure are considered an expression of anxiety and dissatisfaction. As a rule, erasures lead to deterioration rather than improvement of the drawing, thus confirming that they serve as an expression of conflict.

Line quality

When interpreting a drawing, the quality of the lines is also evaluated. You can find the meaning of one or another type of line in the part of the book devoted to the features children's drawing generally.

In addition, all the general points regarding drawing tests, as well as the interpretive material of the "House-Tree-Man" test in that part of it that relates to the drawing of a person, are fully applicable to this technique.

Conclusion

Thus, summarizing the above, we can say that the drawing of a person provides rich information for reflection. The child's drawing allows us to make hypothetical judgments about such personality traits and characteristics as: aggressiveness and hostility towards others, anger, confused sexual role, feelings of frustration and impulsiveness, anxiety, and many other more or less serious disorders.

If in the figure all family members stand side by side and hold hands, the child feels part of a single whole. He is calm and confident in universal love for himself, feels comfortable and protected.

Closer to himself, the child draws a person whom he trusts the most. A parent who communicates little with a child will find himself in the distance, sometimes separated by a line or placed in a window. Younger brothers or sisters often also find themselves on the sidelines of the rest. If they are also microscopic in size, it means that the child is jealous and fights for the attention of his parents.

It is also interesting in what sequence the baby depicts his relatives. If he drew himself first, it means that he is egocentric. That's how it should be! Worse if he painted only himself alone. This means that your baby does not feel like a family member, exists in isolation. After himself, the baby usually depicts a family member whom he considers the most important.

It happens that the child did not draw someone close - perhaps the kid harbored a grudge against him or did not like this person at all. At the end, the child usually draws pets, that's right. It is worth considering if a child draws them right after himself, perhaps the child does not have enough of your attention and he feels lonely.

All children want to become adults as soon as possible, so the drawings depict themselves the same height as adults. If the child drew himself too tiny, perhaps you do not allow him to show his personality.

What color are the drawings?

Colors are very important that the child is using. He paints the people he loves the same color as himself. Restless kids choose such warm energetic colors, such as orange, raspberry. Quiet and serious kids choose cold and calm tones - blue, light blue, pale yellow. If the baby draws in contrasting colors - black and white - this indicates his internal conflict which he can't handle.

Pay attention also to how the picture is painted. If the pencil goes beyond the contours, the child is independent and freedom-loving. If the drawing is colored too neatly or if there is a gap between the outline and the main color white stripe, then the baby is not self-confident enough and constantly needs your support.

At 3-4 years old, a child draws something that looks more like humanoids than people. It is difficult to understand where the head is and where the hands are. The neck is often missing, and the legs grow straight out of the head. Sometimes only the torso can be shown.

By the age of 5-6, the child already draws all parts of the body and face. The absence of any part of the body should alert you.

The long arms of one of their relatives speaks of the child's fear of him. If parents often scold the child, then the baby may not draw a mouth for them. The thick legs of the figurines indicate that the child feels tension in the family and subconsciously desires a more reliable foundation. The baby, who is uncomfortable in the world, draws scary people with outstretched arms and thumbs.

special children

Drawings of hyperactive children asymmetrical: if this is a tree, then the trunk is twisted, and the leaves are few, not traced or depicted schematically. The figures of people are never static, they seem to be waving their arms, jumping, running. Such a child paints casually, often cannot complete the work.

Drawings of aggressive children are distinguished by a large number sharp corners(fangs, spikes, claws). The characters are screaming, fighting, chasing someone. Often in the drawings there are weapons - knives, pistols, swords.

Children used to getting their way with their fists, often depict large shaded hands. Conflict children draw a large open mouth with huge sharp teeth. Primary colors are either dark (black, brown) or bright (green, red).

In the drawings of anxious children many blackened spots or, conversely, the lines are almost invisible. Images of people - with large dark eyes, which seemed to be rounded with fear. Postures are static and uniform. Anxious children do not like felt-tip pens, preferring a pencil and an eraser to correct the lines just drawn. This shows their insecurity and fear of doing something wrong. In their drawings there are no bright and saturated colors.

Don't panic if you saw any frightening signals in the children's drawing. Perhaps the baby was just in a bad mood. Left alone with the child, ask him to draw what he wants. Write down all the comments that the baby makes in the process of work, and then discuss the drawing with him. Of course, in order to draw any conclusions, one drawing is not enough. But if from time to time in the work of the child the details that alarm you are repeated, collect his drawings and show the specialist.

Sex and children's drawings

Children's drawing and color

Recommendations for parents

Sometimes it happens that parents, having received in kindergarten the conclusion of a psychologist, they fall into bewilderment: anxiety, aggression, rejection ... and this is all from cute children's scribbles? "All psychologists are charlatans!" - parents decide, and do not pay attention to their conclusions.

Let's find out what exactly psychologists see in children's drawings?

What age children can analyze drawings

Up to three years young painters are at the stage of "cephalopods" - they paint "bubble" people with protruding lines, symbolizing arms and legs. Drawing details is not yet available to them, moreover, often a “masterpiece” is born first, and only then its proud author begins to think about what exactly he depicted.

Starting from 3.5-4 years children first plan a drawing (his idea appears) and only then proceed to execution. By the age of four, the child is already quite good at using a pencil, and the "cephalopods" evolve into "cucumber people" - two ovals with stick limbs.

Five years the artist was already skilled enough to draw large details (arms, legs, eyes, mouth), and by the age of six, even more small parts: nose, fingers. Often children draw in the manner of Picasso - the character's head in profile, but with two eyes.

Finally, by the age of seven the drawn people are dressed, and in accordance with gender and age, they have hats and hairstyles and even necks!

” Drawings of children from 4 to 7 years old the best way suitable for analyzing their psychological state.

Analyzing the family drawing

The most popular theme is the drawing of one's own family. He can tell a lot to an experienced psychologist, but ordinary moms and dads can learn a lot from the drawing. useful information. First of all, look for warning signs.

The location of the figures in the figure

The arrangement of family members in the picture very accurately indicates their relationship. Often children "remove" an unwanted character from their work, explaining that "dad is at work" and the sister is "in the next room." This does not mean that the relationship is completely destroyed, often a brother or sister goes to the drawing “to another room” after a heated quarrel.

Conversely, beloved relatives may appear in the picture even if they live far away, as is often the case with grandparents.

The child depicts the closest and most beloved relative next to him. If one of the characters is separated from the others, then, most likely, the child mentally excludes him from the family circle. This may be a working dad, a brother or sister who is much older in age.

” A bad sign - if this "outcast" turns out to be the child himself, this is a really alarming situation!

Image of yourself

The child, as a rule, depicts himself either in the center of the picture (this is a common situation for a family with only child), or next to central figure. By depicting himself on the edge of the composition, apart from his parents, the child shows that he feels his isolation from his relatives. Sometimes he gives a plot explanation for this, which confirms the fears of the observer: "Everyone is celebrating, and I am punished (must sleep, read, play alone)."

The posture of a happy and self-confident child is as open as possible: the arms and legs are “spread out”. If a child takes the trouble to draw himself with his hands pressed to his body, this symbolizes his self-doubt. Too short arms or their absence - fears of one's own ineptitude. Maybe you criticize your baby too often?

Usually the child depicts the sizes of the figures in proportion to the real characters: bigger parents, smaller self, younger brother and sister - very small. The downplaying of the painted self speaks of insecurity, the need for care and, perhaps, fear.

Another situation that speaks of uncertainty is the “tearing off” of the child from the ground, when all the characters are drawn in the correct proportions, but the child, as it were, hangs between the parents: his head is on the same level as the adult, and his legs do not reach the floor. Often the parents of this little artist They don’t even realize that he is experiencing discomfort: after all, they communicate with him on an equal footing!

Fear and aggression in children's drawings

Psychologists are aware of the signs of fear and aggression in children's drawings, which are often invisible to parents.

Big, just huge rake hands appear on that family member who is different aggressive behavior. If a child portrays himself as such, then he probably constantly has to suppress anger in himself.

Clearly traced bright pupils are a sign of a child's anxiety, as well as hard shading with pressure.

Finally, hypertrophied fists, teeth, sharp nails are the clearest evidence of aggression. If a child draws himself like this, then most likely he feels a constant need for protection that the family cannot provide him.

Sex and children's drawings

Contrary to popular fears, the depiction of the genitals in the drawings of 3-4-year-old children does not at all indicate that someone is corrupting the baby, but rather about his interest in his own body and about the difference between the sexes, which he just learned about.

But if a child of 6-7 years old portrays himself with the physiological attributes of an adult: a girl with a clearly defined bust, a boy with a beard and mustache - this can alert. However, most often such drawings indicate the child's need for attention, the desire to embellish himself by any means. That is why children, depicting a family, pay special attention to their figure: they carefully draw clothes, accessories, jewelry (little kids often draw crowns for themselves). This picture screams: “Hey, everyone, finally look at me! I'm a prince (princess)!"

However, you should still once again pay attention to the environment of the child. Is it sure that no one is showing suspicious attention to him, has the child got access to information that is inappropriate for his age (for example, a porn movie, a porn magazine) that can scare him?

Children's drawing and color

The child's drawing is usually multi-colored and colorful - usually children use 5-6 colors, this is considered the norm. The more confident the child feels, the brighter the colors they use. Of course, not everything is so simple: a child can shade dad in black, because dad really has a favorite sweater of that color, but if a pencil is among the favorites and one or two colors clearly predominate in the drawing, then you should pay attention to this factor.

Most specialists rely on the interpretation of colors by Max Lüscher, a psychologist and color researcher. He concluded that the choice of color reflects psychological state person and even testifies to his bodily health.

Here's how you can determine the meaning of color in a child's drawing.

Navy blue- focus on internal problems, the need for rest;

green- balance, independence, perseverance, striving for security;

red- willpower, aggression, increased activity, excitability;

yellow- positive emotions, spontaneity, curiosity, optimism;

violet- fantasy, intuition, emotional and intellectual immaturity (children often prefer this color);

brown- sensual support of sensations, slowness, physical discomfort, often - negative emotions;

black- depression, protest, destruction, urgent need for change;

if the child prefers a simple pencil and does not color the drawing- indifference, detachment, desire to close.

When experimenting with an independent analysis of a child's drawing, try to have the child complete it with desire, in a calm environment, without being distracted.

Pay attention to the following factors.

Composition drawing. Whether the characters were placed in the center of the picture or in the corner, was there enough space for everyone in the picture, in what order were the family members drawn.

Which colors the child is using.

How details he pays more attention. How are the arms, legs, faces of the characters drawn, is the pressure of the pencil always the same.

Which unusual elements is in the picture. Is there something extra (for example, the sun in the room, a non-existent pet or family members), or, on the contrary, something is missing (one of the family members).

Like a child portrays himself, what details he pays special attention to, where he sees himself in the family hierarchy.

We hope this little experiment will help you reach an understanding with your child!

Children's drawings for illustration are taken from free sources

When a child begins to hold a writing object in his hand, he always strives to leave a trace behind himself. Any surface can become a canvas for young artist: and new wallpaper, and furniture, and floor. The desire to paint anything and everything is a normal stage in the development of a child, so parents will have to be patient and watch how the images and plots of children's drawings change. At a certain moment, the child begins not just to dirty the paper, but to portray all sorts of unknown creatures. These drawings represent inner world little man, and today we will figure out how to "read" a children's drawing.

How the drawing is located on the sheet

The entire paper space can be represented as a coordinate system with two axes known from school. The point of their intersection is the center of the sheet. The most favorable option is when the drawing is exactly in the center.

The vertical axis is the child's self-esteem and his sense of his position in the team.

The picture is shifted vertically upwards - high self-esteem, desire to win high position in a team (sometimes such children suffer precisely from the fact that their own high opinion of themselves is not shared by others).
The picture is shifted vertically down - low self-esteem, timidity, low self-confidence, a precarious position in the team (the child is not recognized in the team.

The horizontal axis is the time axis. The left side of the axis is associated with the past, while the right side is associated with the future.

The drawing is located to the left of the center - the child is more directed to the past. Such children are more "in themselves", make few plans and dream little, show little activity.
The drawing is located to the right of the center - the child is directed to the future, he is often on a positive wave, very active and active.

Analyzing the elements of the image

Head

The position of the head and face matters.

If the head is turned to the right, the child is aimed at the implementation of his ideas and plans. If he has conceived something, he tries to implement it, even though he throws some ideas halfway through.
If the head is turned to the left - plans and ideas mostly remain in the head, the child does not attempt to implement his ideas due to indecision.
If the head is straight, the child is focused on himself, selfish, has high self-esteem.

Ears

If ears are attached to the head, this means that the child is ready to listen. This may appear as cognitive interest(listens to information), or maybe as an interest in the opinions of other people (listens to others in everything).

Eyes

In the drawing, the eyes are a symbol of fear, especially if they big size, clearly traced, circled many times. Noticeable and large eyes are a symbol of strong fear. Traced eyelashes speak of some coquetry, attention to one's own appearance, the desire to please.

Mouth

The mouth can be drawn in different ways: open, closed, just a line or real lips.

Clearly drawn lips speak of a child's sensuality.
If the emphasis is on the language, the child is very talkative.
Sometimes both lips and tongue are drawn. This indicates the expression of both qualities.
If the mouth is open, but there is no tongue or lips, especially if there is hatching, the child is very timid, can easily get scared, constantly doubts and does not trust. This is especially true for teenagers.
Traced teeth indicate verbal aggression. This aggression is usually defensive in nature, that is, the child can respond if something happens.

Forehead

big and high forehead- a sign of the predominance of a rational principle, erudition.

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Unusual details on the head

Sometimes children draw different details on their heads, which can also be deciphered.

Horns - aggressiveness or a desire to defend themselves, the ability to "wrestle" if necessary.
Feathers - the desire to attract attention, stand out, the desire to decorate oneself.
Hairstyle, mane or wool - the child seeks to indicate what gender he is, to emphasize this.

limbs

The drawn creature can stand on its feet or legs. Their appearance also speaks of internal state child.

Massive, strong limbs indicate that the child stands firmly on his feet in life. He has something to rely on, he makes balanced decisions, considers his actions.
Weak, thin legs or their absence indicate the fragility of internal positions, beliefs. The child makes decisions rather impulsively, his judgments are not deep.

Special attention should be paid to how the limbs are connected to the body.

If the connections are drawn well, the child carefully controls his reasoning, thinks logically and consistently.
If the connections are drawn carelessly or are absent at all, the child seems to be slightly out of touch with reality, his thoughts are chaotic.

In addition to legs or paws, the child can draw other limbs. They can serve as decoration, or they can carry some function.

Wings, shell, additional limbs indicate that the child is attracted to a variety of areas of activity, he is comprehensively developed, interested in many things, easily makes acquaintances. Such children are self-confident and easily take their place in life.
The painted tentacles indicate that the child almost always acts boldly.
Various bows, decorations in the picture reveal in the child a desire to attract attention, demonstrativeness and mannerisms.

An interesting element in the image is the tail:

If the tail is drawn on the right, the child has high self-esteem, he positively perceives himself and his actions. If on the left - the child is prone to self-criticism.
If the tail looks up - the child is active and self-confident, if down - the child is depressed, dissatisfied with himself.

"Three trees"

Studying children's drawings, you can not only analyze what the child draws spontaneously, but also give a task. Very simple and informative drawing test"Three trees".

Invite the child to draw three trees on a sheet, and then name which of the trees is the father, who is the mother, and which is the baby himself (there may be more trees, according to the number of family members). In this figure, we will be interested in the size of the trees. The key to the puzzle lies in the fact that the child relates trees to family members not by physical height / size, but by the share of influence that this family member has. So, for example, if a child associates himself with the smallest tree, there is nothing to rejoice at, because this suggests that the opinion of the child in the family is not significant. Parents should give the child more independence in making decisions and listen to his wishes. The most harmonious picture will be when all trees are equal. Yes, of course, a child can compare himself to a small tree. itself is small, but the meaning is deeper. Here it is written a little more about this - http://grigorieva-elena.ru/metodika-test-tri-dereva/

Mystery of color

Deciphering color is one of the most difficult. Each color has an ambiguous psychological meaning, and besides, for each child, the meaning of color can be different. That is why it is necessary to decipher the meaning of color based on the information already obtained from the drawing: color can emphasize the severity of the identified qualities or give them a special psychological meaning.

Psychologically, colors are usually interpreted as follows:

Red is a symbol of passion, love, but in some cases it symbolizes anxiety, aggression, strong negativity and a sense of danger.
Blue is the color of reason, logic, order. His other pole is fantasies, madness.
Yellow is the color of vitality, a symbol of openness and freedom. Sometimes personifies jealousy, deceit, envy.
Orange is a very energetic color, a sign of strength and personal maturity. His back side- militancy and the desire to fight.
Green is the color of growth, maturation, hope for the best. Sometimes denotes immaturity or soreness.
Purple is a mysterious color, a symbol of harmony and secret knowledge. It can denote anxiety, depression, withdrawal into oneself.
Black can be solid and solemn, or it can be mournful.
White is the color of purity, but sometimes it is a sign of inner emptiness and mourning.
Gray color is generally neutral, its negative interpretation is confusion, melancholy.

Comparing the results of all methods of working with children's drawings, you can find out about the child something that is hidden deep and not visible to the naked eye. Any concerns or issues that come up need to be dealt with. The first medicine is mother's love, care and attention. Deeper problems are best dealt with by a specialist. Spend as much time with your baby as possible, play and draw together - this will help you better see the problems and give an understanding of how you can help the child.

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