Composition “Pictures of Russian nature in the novel “Eugene Onegin. Pictures of native nature in the novel A

19.02.2019

Pushkin treated nature with special tenderness. Wherever he was - in his native Mikhailovsky or on the Black Sea coast, in Orenburg, or in the mountains of the Caucasus, he always had kind and warm words paying tribute to Nature. And his poetic paintings were so vivid and accurate that painters could paint pictures based on his poems.

Fragments describing nature in "Eugene Onegin" are inimitable and not uncommon: its lines reflected the arrival of spring, the onset of autumn. Winter and autumn were described 2 times.

Having lived in the Crimea and visited the Caucasus, Pushkin had the right and could compare:

But our northern summer

Southern winter cartoon...

Reading these lines

Already the sky was breathing in autumn,

The sun shone less

The day was getting shorter...

You clearly imagine the gray heavy sky, the sun hidden behind leaden clouds. In the lines of Pushkin, nature comes to life, becomes spiritualized. The sky breathed in autumn. And you understand that the breath of the sky is the winds. Hidden behind the clouds, the sun rarely shines.

The mysterious canopy of the forests is exposed - not green leaves, but yellow, brown, even orange-red leaves fly around and the forest becomes bare, tree trunks remain, the forest becomes lighter, more transparent.

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin described mainly the weather of his native Mikhailovsky, wrote about what he saw himself. And according to these verses, one can come to the conclusion that the forests near his village were mostly deciduous. Cold, freezing rain, what fun. November has passed. The seasonal work is over. Now the frost has frozen the river with ice:

Amazing comparison. Here the peasant boys are skating, and somewhere on the parquet floor luxurious gentlemen are dancing. Winter balls this is also an integral part winter holidays. The poet felt sad about Petersburg life. And here is the unlucky goose

A delightful picture of a winter morning, the first snow. But in the next chapter of Eugene Onegin, Pushkin writes:

But what about “The first snow is flashing, winding”? It turns out that somewhere in November the first snow fell, and then it was no more. Until January 3rd.

Talking about a coachman in a wagon, about a boy playing with a dog and expressing joy at the first snow, Pushkin says:

Fine, maybe a little, but these are paintings of that time. And to us, the generation of the XX-XXI centuries, these village sketches are very interesting.

But in the novel spring comes:

Spring is the time of the year when all living things wake up from hibernation. When nature pleases everyone sunshine. But what happens to our poet?

We know from Pushkin's poetic creations that he prefers autumn. At this time of the year, inspiration awakens in him, the muses visit his secluded home. It seems that the poet himself does not understand what is happening to him.

The following chapters and stanzas of the novel are usually noted: Summer - chapter 4, stanza 40; chapter 7, stanza 15. Autumn - chapter 4, stanzas 40-41; chapter 7, stanza 29. Winter - chapter 4, stanza 42; chapter 5, stanzas 1-2, 9; chapter 7, stanza 30. Spring - chapter 7, stanzas 1-3. The sad lyrical mood of this description harmonizes well with the mood of the entire chapter, it gives the main lyrical tone to the chapter - therefore, the landscape in Pushkin's novel plays a certain compositional role. Pushkin describes several times in the novel different times years, it helps the reader to perceive chronological framework novel, gives the perspective of time, the fluidity of life. Talking about the upcoming departure of Tatyana to Moscow, the poet concisely and vividly described the change of summer in autumn, autumn - in winter.

The golden autumn has arrived. Nature is trembling, pale As the victim is magnificently removed ... (chapter 7, stanza 29)

Let's compare this picture with the description of autumn in the fourth chapter (stanzas 40-41) - here there are completely different colors, different moods. We feel that this autumn is especially close to Tatyana's mood now, it is somehow connected with her fate, with her future.

Here is the north, catching up the clouds, Breathed, howled, and now the winter sorceress herself is coming. Let's compare this description with the merry, joyful winter in the fourth chapter: The first snow flashes, curls, Falling on the shore like stars.

In Chapter 7, another winter is cold, cruel, and it is again connected with the fate of Tatyana, with her unknown future, from which Tatyana does not expect either joy or happiness:

Only Tanya's heart is not happy for her ... Tatyana is afraid of the winter path.

So the landscape helps Pushkin to reveal the spiritual moods of the characters, the turns in their life destiny. Exceptionally large compositional role landscape in the fifth and sixth chapters, closely related to each other by the unity of developing events: from the winter landscape there is a transition to the characterization of Tatiana - “Russian soul”, against the background of a cold winter night, Tatiana’s fortune-telling is given, against the background of a winter landscape her dream is reproduced, foreshadowing troubles, misfortunes, against the same background, the poet describes the duel and death of Lensky.

Then he sees: on the melted snow A young man lies motionless, And he hears a voice: what then? killed! This is how Onegin remembers this terrible moment of his life.

Against almost the same background of late winter and the beginning of early, still winter-like cold spring, last meeting Onegin and Tatyana.

The action in the first and last chapters of the novel takes place in winter and spring. This repetition of landscapes is a subtle artistic technique, with the help of which the poet gives a feeling of the monotonous inevitable course of life, the change of years, ages, moods, life destinies, "the withering of our years, for which there is no rebirth."

landscape plays big role and in the disclosure of the main images of the novel: Onegin and Tatyana. The rural landscape in the second - sixth chapters of the novel is not connected with the image of Onegin, and Onegin himself does not like nature:

For two days it seemed new to him The solitary fields, The coolness of the gloomy oak forest, The murmur of a quiet stream; On the third grove, hill and field He was no longer occupied; Then they would induce sleep (chapter 1, stanza 54) “However, it’s already dark in the iol; Hurry! go, go, Andryushka! What stupid places!” (chapter 3, stanza 4)

In contrast to Onegin, the image of Tatyana is given by the author against the backdrop of nature, he is inseparable from the rural landscape. The sunrise that Tatyana meets on the balcony (chapter 2, stanza 28), and the garden where Tatyana goes to be sad, where the scene of a meeting with Onegin takes place (chapter 3, stanza 16; stanzas 38-39), and night landscape by the light of the moon during a conversation with a nurse (chapter 3, stanzas 16, 20, 21), and early morning after a sleepless night (chapter 3, stanza 32), and a winter morning at the beginning of the fifth chapter (stanza!-2), and a cold “winter” night, when Tatyana is guessing (chapter 5, stanza 9), and the winter landscape of her terrible dream (chapter 5, stanza 13), and the night before the name day (chapter 6, stanza 2), and spring landscape the seventh chapter, and a summer evening, when the lonely Tatyana comes to Onegin's house (chapter 7, stanza 15), her farewell to her native places before leaving for Moscow (chapter 7, stanza 28 and the following).

The theme of the motherland sounds bright in the novel, the air of its fields lives, the noise of its forests, the life and historical past of its people (the theme of Moscow in the seventh chapter), the boundless distance of “gloomy Russia” is seen (Chapter 1, stanza 50). All this expands not only the spatial, but also the temporal framework of the novel.

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Pictures of Russian nature in the novel "Eugene Onegin"

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But, perhaps, this kind of Pictures will not attract you: All this is low nature; Not much beauty here. A.S. Pushkin

When V.G. Belinsky called the novel “Eugene Onegin” “an encyclopedia of Russian life”, then, first of all, of course, he singled out a variety of scenes and paintings public life, rural and urban life, shown by the writer. But in this "encyclopedia" a prominent place was also occupied by descriptions of nature, which appear on the pages of the novel either in the form of separate strokes and comparisons, or in the form of expanded pictures in several stanzas.

It is interesting to note that the poet begins to describe his native nature at length only from the fourth chapter, in which he gradually reveals to us poetic soul Tatyana. It seems that the author, through the perception of nature, is trying to reveal the character of the characters. In Larina, a special perception of the world, love, life through nature merges. And it’s not for nothing that Pushkin said:

Tatiana ( Russian soul, Without knowing why) With her cold beauty Loved Russian winter...

One can guess why, of all the seasons, Alexander Sergeevich chose winter in order to emphasize “Russianness”. After all, the first thing that foreigners who lived in Russia have always noted is a long winter (there is nothing like it in Europe), Russian cold, snow. This is for the country, one might say, characteristic time of the year. But the novelist chuckles at the summer:

But the naked northern summer, Caricature of the southern winters, Flickers, and no...

If, talking about his “sweet ideal”, the creator of the novel gives juicy, free descriptions, then the unpoetic Onegin sometimes causes him a slightly mocking attitude towards nature. Even the comparisons that Eugene uses show how indifferent he is to her beauties. So, in a conversation with Lensky, he compares Olga with the moon:

She is round, red in the face, Like this stupid moon In this stupid sky.

But Tatyana in the fifth chapter is also compared with the moon, but in a completely different way: “And, the morning moon is paler ...”

Onegin was bored in the city, where "he was equally yawning among the fashionable and ancient halls," he was also bored in the estate, although "the village where Yevgeny was bored was a lovely corner."

The creator of the novel in verse, locked up for a long time in Mikhailovsky, of course, he laughed at the boring village monotony, and rushed to the capital, but at the same time he enjoyed the beauties native nature. As you know, he loved autumn most of all.

Already the sky was breathing in autumn, The sun was shining less often, The day was getting shorter, The mysterious canopy of the forests With a sad noise was exposed, Fog was falling on the fields, A caravan of noisy geese Stretched to the south ...

Descriptions of nature in the work are inextricably linked with the life of the people, the unity of peasant life and nature is emphasized. Pushkin caustically contrasts his “low” description of fields and forests with how other poets describe nature in “luxurious style” in romantic style. But it is precisely these pictures of “lower nature” that sink surprisingly deep into the soul.

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant, Renews the way on the firewood; His horse, smelling the snow, Trotted somehow; Fluffy reins exploding, A daring wagon flies; The coachman sits on the irradiation. In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash. Here is running yard boy Having planted a bug in a sleigh, Transforming himself into a horse; The scamp has already frozen his finger: It hurts and it's funny, And his mother threatens him through the window ...

The great artist of the word in his descriptions is very diverse. The style and language of his descriptions are constantly changing depending on what goals he sets. I just brought a household sketch. And in the scenes of Tatyana's dream, as romantic as the love of this girl for her hero, nature becomes mysterious, enigmatic.

Before them is a forest; motionless pines In their frowning beauty; All their branches are weighed down With shreds of snow; through the peaks of Aspens, birches and naked lindens A beam of night luminaries shines; There is no road; bushes, rapids Snowstorms are all brought in, Deeply immersed in the snow.

And the place where Lensky, “a poet, a pensive dreamer”, killed by a friendly hand, is buried, is again described in such a way as to emphasize how this young man saw the world.

There is a place: to the left of the village, Where the offspring of inspiration lived, Two pine trees grew together with their roots... There the plowman loves to rest, And the reapers plunge into the waves Ringing jugs come... There, by the stream in the thick shade, A simple monument was erected.

Pushkin's descriptions of winter and autumn are beautiful. And I want to finish the essay no less wonderful description spring, which begins the seventh chapter:

Chased by the rays of the spring, From the surrounding mountains already snow Fled in muddy streams To the flooded meadows. With a clear smile, nature greets the morning of the year through a dream; The skies are shining blue. Still transparent, the forests seem to turn green like fluff.

Nature appears in the novel in different images: this and landscape sketches, and the natural, harmonious world, opposing vanity and confusion human soul, soothing and ennobling, and the source means of expression to recreate the various mental states of the characters.
Asserting the inconstancy, changeability of women's feelings, Onegin compares them with fleeting natural phenomena:

The young maiden will change more than once
Dreams are light dreams;
So the tree has its leaves
Changes every spring.
So, apparently, the sky is destined.

Bright, colorful pictures of nature, scattered across the motley storyline novel, sparkle and shimmer like gems. Many of them became winged, gained life, like independent works. However, the author depicts nature not enthusiastically romantically, but subjectively realistically - after all, the eternal and many-sided nature is objectively perfect and does not need verbal decoration. Sometimes Pushkin even allows himself light irony when describing not the most favorite seasons of the year:

But our northern summer
southern winters cartoon,
Flickers and no: it is known,
Even if we don't want to admit it...
Fog fell on the fields
Noisy geese caravan
Stretched to the south: approaching
Pretty boring time;
November was already at the yard.

But even in these ironic sketches there is amazing accuracy, amazing accuracy in conveying moods. The poet paid tribute to all the seasons of the year. Following the dreary, expectant (“nature was waiting, waiting for winter”) sometimes when the rich, bright colors mature nature were replaced by plain black, gray, the long-awaited winter is coming:

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow...

Faithful to the truth of life, Pushkin paints not just a winter landscape, he creates psychological picture the beginning of the season, the image of winter, perceived by the peasants. Nature for the people is not only an object of admiration, but also a favorable period for sleigh rides after the autumn off-road. The details of peasant winter life are recreated quite poetically: a red sash against the background of a bright white, brilliant snow carpet, the swift flight of a wagon, exploding “fluffy reins”. And yet, the poeticization of simple, unremarkable life phenomena is defiantly bold for the belles-lettres of that time. But Pushkin defiantly emphasizes the principle of a realistic view of the world:

But maybe this kind
Pictures will not attract you:
All this is low nature;
Not much beauty here.

Contrasting his winter landscape saturated with realistic details with exquisite depictions of “luxurious style” of “all shades of winter bliss”, the poet defends the right to creative independence, naturalness.
But Pushkin is changeable and multifaceted. Through the eyes of his beloved heroine, he recreates the image of a colorful and poetic winter:

Tatyana (Russian soul,
I don't know why.)
With her cold beauty
I loved Russian winter
Frost in the sun on a frosty day,
And the sleigh, and late dawn
Shine of pink snows,
And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.

The arrival of spring Pushkin paints with bright, light colors.
The joy of the awakening of nature, the renewal of life is conveyed by a variety of definitions, epithets, an abundance of verbs:

Nature's clear smile
Through a dream meets the morning of the year;
The skies are shining blue.
Still transparent, forests
As if they are turning green.

But Pushkin not only reflects the outside world, nature is the background against which the mental life person. inner life is not always consonant with changes in nature, in this case the contrast between naturalness natural phenomena and emotional confusion emphasizes the mood of the hero. A clear, cloudless sky, transparent air make spiritual sadness even more difficult.

How sad is your appearance to me,
Spring, spring! it's time for love!
What a languid excitement
In my soul, in my blood!
With what heavy tenderness
I enjoy the breath
In the face of the blowing spring...

What in youth inspired, gave strength and energy, now causes only sadness. There is no joy in the soul of the discovery of the world - there is only the weight of the years lived and unfulfilled hopes.
Pushkin perfectly described a summer evening filled with moonlight filled with peaceful sounds. Every sound is heard clearly, even the quietest. Silence fascinates with the harmony of resting nature, peace and tranquility.
True, Tatyana, immersed in her dreams, this time does not admire the beauty of nature, mental pain completely swallowed her.

It was evening. The sky was dark. Water
They flowed quietly. The beetle buzzed.
The round dances were already dispersed;
Already across the river, smoking, blazing
Fishing fire.

And finally, autumn. Pushkin's favorite time, a riot of colors of mature nature, a fruitful time creative work, inspiration. Bright, saturated colors delight the eye and soul, but anxiety is already creeping into the heart - the age of prosperity is short, the harsh winter will soon swallow this farewell smile of nature:

Golden autumn has come
Nature is quivering, pale,
Like a sacrifice, magnificently removed ...
Here is the north, catching up the clouds,
He breathed, howled - and here she is
The magical winter is coming.

The image of autumn is also tragic because it is perceived through the eyes of Tatyana, whose feelings are sharpened to the limit. She says goodbye to her girlish dreams, to her loved ones rural scenery. Childhood is over, she is being taken “to the bride fair”, and her heart is breaking from unrequited love, hopelessness.
Pushkin's nature is a world of harmony, a source of inner peace. Spiritual connection with nature is a sign of deep nature, rejection of it is a feature of spiritual poverty, the limitations of a person.

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IMAGE OF PICTURES OF RUSSIAN NATURE IN A. S. PUSHKIN’S NOVEL “EUGENE ONEGIN”

Like any person who passionately loves his homeland, A. S. Pushkin could not remain indifferent to the charm and beauty of his native nature.

In many ways, this motif in Pushkin's work comes from his childhood. The future poet spent the summer months with his grandmother Maria Alekseevna in the village of Zakharovo near Moscow, near Zvenigorod. The Tsarskoselsky park at the Lyceum, where the poet spent six years of his life, also had an extraordinary landscape. Nature entered the creative consciousness of the poet as an organic component. However, one should not look for tenderness and admiration of native nature in the novel “Eugene Onegin”. Landscapes fulfill a certain artistic role: there is a parallel between the pictures of nature and the image state of mind heroes, which allowed the author to more deeply reveal the character of the characters, to motivate their actions, actions, thoughts.

So, for example, Eugene Onegin cannot remain indifferent to rural nature. Of course, life in the countryside did not destroy in him the feeling of superiority over people that he had in Petersburg. On the contrary, this consciousness of superiority only strengthened in Onegin, although the first two days were full of new discoveries for him, everything seemed new, unusual, but

On the third grove, hill and field

He was no longer interested;

Then they put me to sleep.

The reason for this non-perception of the hero of nature was that although there were no streets, no palaces, no maps, no balls, no poems in the village, the same melancholy reigned here as in the capital. The endless conversations of rural landowners “about wine, about the kennel, about their relatives” could not entertain the bored Onegin. New neighbor attracts close attention local residents, everyone wants to get to know him, to become friends, although there is already a rumor that “he is the most dangerous eccentric”. However, Onegin is extremely unfriendly to such encroachments on his freedom, he tries to retire. not without reason

… from the back porch

usually served

Him don stallion,

Only along the main road

Will hear them at home drogi.

I wake up every morning

For sweet bliss and freedom:

I read little, I sleep a lot,

I do not catch flying glory.

The village in which Onegin sought solitude was a charming corner: the master's house stood on the banks of the river, closed from the winds by a mountain. In the distance, golden meadows and cornfields were full of flowers and blooming, a huge, neglected garden stood in thought.

Herds roamed the meadows. It is not surprising that gradually Onegin began to draw closer to nature, enjoying the forest shadows and the murmur of jets:

Solitude, silence:

Here is Onegin's holy life.

The joy of a non-fussy, natural life, which, eventually forgetting both the city, and friends, and “the boredom of festive undertakings,” Yevgeny prefers, is also reflected in the appearance of images of nature. So, convincing Tatyana that her feeling is transient, Onegin compares it with a tree that changes its green outfit every spring.

Reflecting on how Lensky's life would have turned out if there had not been a fatal duel, the poet suggests: "perhaps he was born for the good of the world, or at least for glory."

At the same time, Pushkin admits that "an ordinary poet was in for a lot" - parting with the muses, marriage, village silence, happiness and gout.

Further, these reflections continue with a description of the grave of Lensky, who was killed by a friendly hand: two pine trees that have grown together with roots, a trickle of a stream under them. Here the plowman likes to rest after a hard labor day, reapers come here for water, and the shepherd weaves his bast shoes and sings “about the Volga fishermen”. This landscape changes the course of the author's thoughts: from the present to the future, from the future to the eternal.

As artistic technique to characterize Tatyana Pushkin makes extensive use of the image of the landscape. Inner world Tatyana is in tune with changes in nature, this connection is deep and organic. Tormented by love longing, Tatiana goes to be sad in the garden. Nights when they happen frank conversations Tatyana with a nanny and feelings overwhelm the girl's heart, pouring out sorrowful tears, illuminating the moonlight. “And everything was dozing in silence, under the inspiring moon,” writes Pushkin, and in this case, the landscape serves as a means of depicting Tatyana’s beautiful feeling not as an exceptional, but as a life phenomenon that already contains beauty in itself. The radiance of the moon took Tatyana's heart far into the world of dreams, and the moonlight witnessed the girl's reckless act of hopelessness - writing a love letter. After Onegin's stern rebuke, "youngness fades to sweet Tanya: thus the shadow of a barely born day dresses the storm."

The onset of winter, depicted at the beginning of the fifth chapter, is shown through Tatyana's perception of it:

... Waking up early,

Tatyana saw through the window

Whitewashed yard in the morning,

Curtains, roofs and fences,

Light patterns on glass

Trees in winter silver.

In the image of Pushkin, Tatyana, “Russian in soul”, loved the cold beauty of winter. Tatyana's favorite winter organically enters her dream, but in a slightly modified form, which emphasizes the strength of the heroine's emotional experiences. If in the evening, when Tatyana goes out into the courtyard to find out her fate with the help of a mirror, and the frosty night is beautiful, the sky is surprisingly clear, and the marvelous chorus of heavenly bodies “flows so quietly, so in harmony,” then in a dream the girl is surrounded by a sad haze:

In the snowdrifts in front of her

Noisy, swirling with its wave

Ebullient, dark and gray

A stream unfettered in winter.

This dream landscape conveys the emotional tension of the heroine, her fear and despair.

As you can see, in the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" landscapes play an important artistic role - they serve as a means of characterizing the characters.

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  26. One of the best works of A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" does not leave anyone indifferent and leads us to think about many things. This novel breaks stereotypes in its time. The author allows the characters to live...
  27. Russian literature of the 1st half of the 19th century “What is the reason that the relationship between Onegin and Tatiana developed so absurdly tragically?” (G. A. Gukovsky). (Based on the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene ...
  28. ONEGIN AND LENSKY (based on the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”) Story line Onegin - Lensky performs a very important function in the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". What brought these two...
IMAGE OF PICTURES OF RUSSIAN NATURE IN A. S. PUSHKIN’S NOVEL “EUGENE ONEGIN”


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