Kinds contemporary dance(late XX - beginning of XXI century)
club dance
Includes such directions as Electro, House, Trance, Tecktonik.
Tectonic - peculiar dance move XXI century, which combines elements of jumpstyle, hip-hop, locking, popping, techno and other areas.
strip dance
This name does not mean the striptease itself, but the art of dance suitable for the performance of a striptease. Therefore, Strip-dance is not one particular dance, but a multitude of heterogeneous directions, united into one group not according to the principle of style, but according to the principle of its “functional” capabilities.
Go-go is style erotic dance, which differs from striptease in that the dancers do not undress during the dance.
Hakka originated in the Netherlands, in the 90s of the XX century as an attribute of the youth subculture gabber (hardcore)
Jumpstyle
Jumpstyle is a dance style whose name comes from English word bounce. People dance to the energetic electronic music, and each dancer in the rhythm of the music, but in his own way, makes movements similar to jumps. Dancers must not touch each other. Out-of-sync jumps by different dancers are encouraged
Jumpstyle has spread to Europe already in the 21st century, mainly in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Germany.
Shuffle
Melbourne shuffle, as the name suggests, originated in Australia in the late 80s of the XX century. The dance is based on fast jazz movements (step), but they are performed in a "modern" way, and are danced to various styles of electronic dance music.
D&B step
Drum and Bass step is a street dance that appeared in youth subculture drum and bass, and is based on elements of break beat and hip hop. DnB dance is performed in flat sneakers and pants that do not restrict movement.
The main emphasis in the performance of this type of dance is on the movement of the legs (the so-called “feints” with the legs): alternation of “toe - heel, toe - heel”, swings forward and to the sides, crossing the legs; turns and half-turns on the heel, on the toe and in the air by 180, 360 and more degrees.
Square dance
Square dance is a folk dance that originated in the United States. The pas adopted in the square dance came to it from traditional folk dances brought to the States by emigrants from Europe: morris, country and quadrille. Square dance is popular all over the world, including in last years and in Russia.
Hip-hop
Hip-hop is a dance and cultural trend that appeared in the late 70s of the 20th century in the working-class areas of New York and had a vibrant social focus. These are street dances with which the working youth of New York tried to protest against inequality and injustice, against those in power. However, in last decade In the 20th century, hip-hop largely lost its social focus and became just a fashionable part of the music industry.
Breakdancing is one of the styles of hip-hop.
Crip walk (C-walk)
Crip walk is a style of contemporary street dance based on virtuoso impromptu footwork. This type of dance originated in the 1970s in Los Angeles.
Popping:
Popping (or more correctly - popping) is a style of dance based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles in such a way as to cause tremors in the dancer's body. This is performed continuously to the rhythm of the music and combined with various movements and postures. In Russia, for some time this dance was incorrectly referred to as "upper break dance". Papping also denotes a group of related styles. Popping is one of the main styles street dancing in which the competition takes place.
Due to the ease of execution of the hustle, it is very popular in the widest sections of society. However, mastering the hustle still requires some effort. The specialized hustle dance school is the best place to obtain initial dance skills and acquire the basics of improvisation.
Hustle - a group of couple dances based on improvisation and "leading". This type of dance is performed to disco music popular in the 1980s: disco fox, disco swing and hustle itself.
It is characterized by ease of execution, does not require long training and requires very little practice in order to dance well almost anyone can.
Of course, a sports hustle performed by professional dancers requires significantly more preparation.
One of the most interesting competitions is hustle jack and jill - a hustle competition format in which the competing pairs are randomly drawn. This nomination most clearly demonstrates the possibility of social improvisational dance.
Show hustle is a dance based on elements of the hustle, but with its own plot
Lady Hustle - performed by two partners.
Double hustle - performed by three dancers, as a rule: one partner and two partners.
Types of dances of the beginning - middle of the XX century
Free dance:
Free dance originated at the beginning of the 20th century as a rejection of the strictness of ballet art and a desire to combine life and dance.
Based free dance later such trends as modern, jazz-modern, butoh, contemporary and even contact improvisation were born.
Free dance is not only high art, but also a special worldview based on the ideas of Nietzsche, in which dance personified freedom, and the dancer was presented as the embodiment of a liberated creative spirit. The founders of free dance, among whom was Isadora Duncan, dreamed of the transformation of life, of a new organic man, of the woman of the future as the owner of a "sublime mind in a free body." Supporters of the philosophy of free dance were looking for the source of the rebirth of man in nature, in the liberation of man from modern civilization.
Modern dance
Modern dance originated in the USA and Germany at the beginning of the 20th century and was positioned as a replacement for traditional ballet forms. This type of dance quickly gained popularity and supplanted other variations such as the free dance.
The general idea around which various directions of modern dance developed was the desire to create a new contemporary choreography that met the aesthetic needs of a person of the 20th century. However, in practice it was not possible to completely abandon the traditional ballet forms.
Contact improvisation
Contact improvisation is a form of free dance. As the name suggests, the dance is an improvisation based around a point of contact with a partner.
Buto
Butoh is a modern Japanese dance. The name itself translates as the dance of darkness.
Latin American dances:
Samba
Samba - brazilian dance, which arose as a result of the fusion of traditional African dances, which were brought with them by slaves from Angola and the Congo, and Portuguese dances, brought by the conquerors South America. The samba is danced to a characteristic rhythm, drums and marak, and usually has 50-52 beats per minute. Samba is one of the dances that is included in the Latin American ballroom dance program.
Bachata
Bachata - musical style and a dance that originated in the Dominican Republic and became widespread in the Latin American countries of the Caribbean. time signature- 4/4. The music is characterized by a moderate tempo; and the lyrics are about hardships of life and the suffering of unrequited love.
mambo
Mambo is a musical style and dance that originated in Cuba and has become widespread in other Latin American Caribbean countries. The name "mambo" comes from the name of the god of war, to whom a ritual dance was dedicated in the distant past. Modern form Mambo is the result of a fusion of Afro-Cuban rhythms and jazz.
salsa
Salsa is a popular modern dance from the USA and Latin America. Salsa can be danced in pairs or in groups. The dance originated in the 1970s, and in December 2005, the World Salsa Championships were held in Las Vegas for the first time.
Zouk (Zuk)
Zouk is a dance rhythmic music that originated in the French islands of the Caribbean. Zouk translates as "holiday" or "festival". Music is most popular in countries where french culture: in France itself, in Canada, in some African countries.
Lambada
Lambada is a type of dance that became extremely popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s around the world, thanks to the song of the same name. French group Kaoma.
Flamenco
Flamenco is a traditional musical and dance style of the south of Spain, characterized by a fusion of musical accompaniment, singing and dancing. It has dozens of varieties. Musical accompaniment usually includes a guitar, rhythmic clapping of hands and castanets.
Pachanga
Pachanga - latin dance, characterized by syncopated rhythm and movements. Music of this style is performed mainly by charanga orchestras.
Ballet
Ballet - a kind of traditional performing arts linking music and dance. Ballet is based on classical and characteristic dance, with the help of which the actors act out pantomime, conveying the feelings and relationships of the characters. Contemporary ballet also uses elements of gymnastics and acrobatics.
Usually a ballet contains a plot, a dramatic idea, a libretto. But sometimes there are plotless ballets.
ballroom dancing
Ballroom dancing - a group of pair dances, in modern society is actually a sport. Thanks to the entertainment, a very popular sport. It is divided into 2 programs: European and Latin American. The European program consists of slow waltz, tango, Viennese waltz, slow foxtrot and quickstep (fast foxtrot). Latin American - samba, cha-cha-cha, rumba, paso doble and jive.
Since ancient times, dance has been an important part of ceremonies, rituals and holidays. But at the same time, information about ancient dances and their descriptions has not come down to our days. Today, not many ancient dances are known, each of which interesting story. True, these dances are currently on the verge of extinction.
1. Dancing with the dead
Madagascar
The inhabitants of the island of Madagascar once every seven years perform a unique ritual, “dancing with the dead”. During this ceremony, accompanied by live music, they open the crypts with the remains of their relatives, take them out and wrap the dead in a new clean cloth.
Treats are prepared from the sacrificed animals. Then joyful dances begin with the dead in their arms.
2. Dance of St. Vitus
Germany
Dancing mania, an inexplicable phenomenon of the 14th-17th century medieval period known as the St. Vitus dance, is one of the earliest described forms of "mass insanity". Dozens, hundreds of people in an unconscious state could dance to complete exhaustion for days and weeks until they fell down.
For the first time, an outbreak of this mania was noted in 1374 in the city of Aachen, subsequently spreading throughout Europe.
3. Whirling dervishes
Türkiye
The widely known dance of the whirling dervishes, the sema, has a ritual meaning. Its participants, the semazens, are the dervishes of the Mevlevi brotherhood. Sema is more than a dance, it is a magical process. Dervishes in the process of whirling, tilt their heads so that they squeeze the carotid artery, and as a result of this they fall into a trance and achieve union with the divine.
Each element is symbolic. The white skirt stands for the shroud, the camel-hair hat for the tombstone. Throwing off the black cloak symbolizes spiritual rebirth. The Mevlevi Brotherhood, to which the dervishes belong, was founded in the 13th century in Turkey by their mentor Mevlevi and still exists today.
4. Dance of the Wendigo
Canada
Wendigo of the Algonquian Indians are emaciated, ever-hungry cannibal monsters with tangled hair and decaying skin.
The Indians have traditional dance, in which some dancers in a satirical vein depict terrible monsters devouring people, while others are brave Wendigo hunters.
5. Tarantella
Italy
The Tarantella is a very fast dance that originated in the 15th century in Naples. Its name, according to one version, is associated with the city of Taranto, according to another - with a spider found in these places, a tarantula. For a long time it was believed that its bite leads to "tarantism", a deadly disease, which can be cured only by unrestrained, frantic dancing, as a result of which blood is accelerated and toxins are released.
In those days, orchestras even traveled around Italy especially for patients with "tarantism". And only 300 years later it was discovered that the bite of this spider is not at all fatal, but causes only a slight swelling around the wound.
6. Morris dance
England
Morris dance is ancient English tradition. Many believe that the dance originated in the distant pagan past of England, as a ritual fertility dance among the Celts. Others believe that it arose much later.
In the 16th century in European courtyards dancing became very popular, using elaborate costumes, with bells on the shins. This dance is still danced in the UK today.
7. Dancing in honor of Kachin
Arizona, Utah, Colorado/USA
According to the Hopi, everything in nature is filled with the spirits of Kachin, who live with the Indians in their villages for six months, and return to their world at the end of July. Seeing off Kachin, the Hopi perform a dance in their honor for eight days.
Fifty dancers in masks and colorful costumes, imitating spirits, dance all day to the sound of drums and chants. At the end of the holiday, as the Hopi believed, the spirits went to the mountains until November, to their homes.
8. Saber dance
Pakistan/Nepal
Saber dancing is one of the most common rituals in the world. In Pakistan and Nepal, they are a mandatory attribute of weddings and other celebrations. From Crete they came to Ancient Greece. They also spread widely in Europe, especially in areas neighboring the Holy Roman Empire and the Basque Country. For about four millennia, world cultures have developed these dances. They have become an integral part of the martial arts.
In China, the sword dance has also become one of the four main dances of the Chinese Opera. Only the Ottomans forbade the performance of sword dances, believing that under this pretext weapons would be acquired for the Resistance movement.
9. Candoble Ritual Dance
Brazil
The strange and mysterious religion of candoble, banned until the middle of the twentieth century, appeared in Brazil as a result of the importation of slaves from Africa. One of its main rituals is a dance with an endless repetition of monotonous movements, as a result of which the dancer falls into a state of trance.
It is believed that at the same time one of the gods moves into it, communicating with which, you can purify your soul. A dance is performed, accompanied by a Brazilian drum and rattles.
10. Zalongo Dance
Greece
This is not really a dance, and every Greek knows this story. It was an act of mass suicide in the face of genocide. In 1803, after the signing of a peace agreement, vassal Ottoman Empire Ali Pasha violated it and attacked the Souliotes with the aim of enslaving their women and destroying their men. In protest, a group of 50 women with babies in their arms climbed the cliff of Zalongo. First they threw their children off it, and then they jumped themselves.
Rumors about this spread everywhere, throughout the Ottoman lands and Europe, artists and poets immortalized these women in their poems and paintings. It was said that women danced and sang at the same time. folk songs, but this detail may have been added later to enhance the effect.
BONUS
Source: listverse.com
During the 1830s and 1840s, the Romantic movement saw the ballet scene teeming with nature spirits, fairies and sylphs. The cult of the ballerina has replaced the cult of the dancer, the last and great representative who was a French dancer Italian descent Gaetin Vestris (1729-1808). Women's dance techniques have been greatly improved. The length of the skirt was shortened even more, and ballet shoes were also introduced, which made it possible to dance on the toes. Choreographers continued to struggle for more expressive movements and emphasizing the individual qualities of their dancers.
The ballet "La Sylphide" (1836) perfectly demonstrated the main subject of romantic ballet - the struggle between the real world and the spiritual world. This theme was expanded upon in Giselle (1841) and Ondine (1843). At that time, Paris and London were trendsetters, and it was in London in 1845 that the premiere of “Pas de quatre” took place - a badet production, for which the French choreographer Jules Perrot invited four of the greatest ballerinas of that time to perform in 4 acts: Marie Taglioni (1804 –84), Carlotta Grisi (1819–99), Fanny Cerrito (1817–1909) and Lucille Grand (1819–1907).
After that, the Romantic ballet quickly declined, at least in these cities. However, in Copenhagen it continued to flourish in the early 1860s thanks to the choreographer Auguste Bournonville, whose repertoire was taken over by the Royal Danish Ballet in the second half of the 20th century. Russia at that time, thanks to the choreographer French descent Marius Petipa (1819–1910) and his Russian assistant Lev Ivanov (1834–1901) managed to create a world famous ballet culture of their own. Originally Russian theatrical traditions were closely associated with Paris, but gradually developed their own ballet culture. finest hour classical ballet in tsarist Russia was achieved in St. Petersburg productions like The Sleeping Beauty (1890), The Nutcracker (1892) and Swan Lake" (1895), the music for which was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, as well as "Raymonda" (1898) by Alexander Glazunov (1865-1936). While ballet flourished in St. Petersburg and Moscow, it waned in Paris. Ballerinas began to appear even in male roles, for example in Coppélia (1870).
The 19th century also saw an unprecedented increase in travel and cross-cultural influences. This has brought many "exotic" dance styles to the Western scene. Troupes from India and Japan came to exhibitions in Paris, which aroused a keen interest in folk and ethnic dances. Ballerinas of the Romantic Ballet toured all European cities: from Milan and London to Moscow. The Austrian dancer Fanny Elssler made a two-year tour of the Americas in the early 1840s. Great choreographers also traveled to all cities. The language of dance has become a real way of international communication, because it did not depend either on the country or on the language spoken in it.
Dancing in the USA in the 19th century
During the 19th century in Europe, other dance entertainment, which were more "light" compared to classical ballet. In Paris, the women's cancan was at the peak of fashion. His insane energy, arrogance and flirting on the verge of a foul became a real revelation for the public. After 1844, this dance became a feature of music halls, revues and operettas. This genre was developed by the operetta composer Jacques Offenbach (1819–80) and vividly portrayed by the painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864–1901).
In London at that time, the Alhambra ballets and Imperial Ballet, which mainly put classical ballets on a variety of topics. But America provided the widest variety of dances, in which, after the war, against the backdrop of a patriotic wave after the war for independence, various dances on the theme of freedom began to appear en masse, as well as dances from the era of colonization of America were revived.
Separately, it should be noted that minstrel shows, extravaganzas, burlesques and vaudevilles, which became popular in America in the 19-20 centuries, should be noted. They represented a fusion of a wide range of dance and theatrical influences, especially drawn from black culture. White people began to dance "black dances", while painting their faces black, and dark-skinned men bleached their faces and danced white dances. IN theatrical performances began to appear all sorts of types of dance from ballets imported from Europe to completely authentic women's dances local Indians who were on the verge of striptease. American dancers began to enjoy a good reputation both in America and in Europe. Ballet dancer Augusta Maywood (1825–1876) was the first american dancer who began performing at the Paris Opera.
The 19th century also saw a huge increase in public dance halls and other institutions associated with dance in the rapidly growing cities of the Western United States. Native American rural dances, very fast two-step, performed to marches, and cakewalk began to revive here. For the first time, Europe found something new in the New World to draw on for its dance scene. Also at that time, the pace of dancing accelerated significantly, reflecting, perhaps, the accelerating pace of life and large social change century.
Dances of the early 20th century
In the early years of the 20th century, before the outbreak of the First World War, there were two obvious trends in the development of dances. As if somehow they had become aware of the impending catastrophe, the wealthy societies of Europe and America indulged in entertainment, one of the main of which was such fast dancing like waltzes and gallops. At the same time, attempts were made to revive such medieval dances as the minuet, gavotte and pavane, although it turned out rather poorly. However, there has almost never been such a frantic search for new forms, such a radical change in meanings that were previously taken for granted, such a fascination among the youth of all countries in individual expression and more dynamic way life. All the arts have been deeply influenced by the rapid accumulation of discoveries in the physical and social sciences as well as a growing awareness of social problems.
All in all, it was an incredibly busy time for the development of dance: never before had so many new ideas been generated and so many people attracted to dance. The ballet was completely renovated under the direction of the Russian impresario Sergei Diaghilev (1872-1929). Ballet has inspired some of the most outstanding composers and artists of that time, becoming the main base for most of the works in dance art. Supporters of another "modern dance reform" movement based on the dances of the American ballerina Isadora Duncan began to try to move away from the conventions that had become mandatory during the Romantic ballet.
This new trend developed especially vigorously in Germany, where its expressionist forms were called Ausdruckstanz (“expressionist dance”). Ballroom dancing has been heavily modified with fresh influences from South American, Creole and African cultures. After the strong rise in popularity of African-American jazz, the whole spirit and style social dancing changed radically and in the following decades they became much more free, calm and "intimate".
There has also been a renewed interest in folk dances that were self-expression ordinary people in past centuries. This was partly facilitated by special folklore dance societies, as well as various youth movements who saw that these dances could help in the formation of new social feelings. Theatrical dances of all kinds, which were formed from the stylized centuries-old dances of the East, reached new heights of popularity.
The 20th century is a time of evolution and progress. This period can be compared to a huge leap forward in science and technology. But progress has touched not only science or technology, but also civilization in general. Such a rapid and dynamic development of society took place, even despite the two world wars and many other events that brought with them complete destruction. But the craving of mankind for perfection and self-development contributed to the incredible evolution of man as a part of a cultural society. Dancing was one of the most powerful tools for self-realization and self-improvement. They brought joy, a sense of happiness and harmony to the life of the people of the 20th century, when scientific and technical progress almost completely squeezed out spirituality and replaced it with pragmatism. Due to the lack of “beautiful” during this period, the dance culture simply “explodes”, and a huge number of new types and styles of choreography appear.
Dance "kaleidoscope" of the 20th century
From a diverse and colorful "kaleidoscope" dance styles The 20th century can be distinguished such as rumba, hip-hop, lambada, contempo and many others. Such a variety of dances proves that the 20th century is not only a leap in the scientific and technical field, but also a huge step forward in culture, art and the development of society as a whole.
Salsa is one of the most popular types dance in the 20th century. This Latin American dance originated in Cuba in the distant 1920s and has been the most popular choreographic composition ever since. Salsa won such worldwide love thanks to its incredible fiery, gracefulness and amazing rhythm. This dance is able to make you enjoy life and see the world only in bright colors. Salsa has several directions: cha-cha-cha, rumba, bokacha, mambo and others.
salsa
Tango is incredibly beautiful and passionate dance with Argentine roots. Since its inception, namely in the 19th century, it has become the most popular and favorite choreographic production in all of Argentina, London, Paris, New York, etc. This dance soon "ignited" the whole of Europe, America and the whole world as a whole. Tango in the 20th century was even a kind of cult - entire ensembles were created, parties dedicated to it, and musical compositions written specifically for tango.
Tango
Another fantastically popular and unique dance of the 20th century is rock and roll. This choreographic performance made a real revolution in culture, art and society. Rock 'n' roll originated in America in the 1950s. Its origin, first of all, began with music, which gave impetus to the emergence of this type of dance. Rock and roll has won young hearts around the world with its drive, spark and incredible dynamism. This dance is characterized by very complex lifts, jumps, throws and some careless attitude partner to partner. The slogan of rock and roll sounded like "sex, drugs and rock-n-roll", therefore, due to excessive frankness and even vulgarity, this type of dance was considered immoral and forbidden. But this did not prevent him from remaining extremely popular in the 20s and even in our time.
In the early years of the 20th century, before the outbreak of the First World War, there were two obvious trends in the development of dances. As if somehow they had become aware of the impending disaster, the wealthy societies of Europe and America indulged in entertainment, one of the main of which was such fast dances as waltzes and gallops. At the same time, attempts were made to revive such medieval dances as the minuet, gavotte and pavane, although it turned out rather poorly. However, there has almost never been such a frantic search for new forms, such a radical shift in meanings previously taken for granted, such a fascination among the youth of all countries in individual expression and in a more dynamic way of life. All the arts have been deeply influenced by the rapid accumulation of discoveries in the physical and social sciences, as well as the growing awareness of social problems.
All in all, it was an incredibly busy time for the development of dance: never before had so many new ideas been generated and so many people attracted to dance. The ballet was completely renovated under the direction of the Russian impresario Sergei Diaghilev (1872-1929). Ballet inspired some of the most important composers and artists of the time, becoming the main base for much of the work in dance art. Supporters of another "modern dance reform" movement based on the dances of the American ballerina Isadora Duncan began to try to move away from the conventions that had become mandatory during the Romantic ballet.
This new trend developed especially vigorously in Germany, where its expressionist forms were called Ausdruckstanz (“expressionist dance”). Ballroom dancing has been heavily modified with fresh influences from South American, Creole and African cultures. After the huge rise in popularity of African-American jazz, the whole spirit and style of social dances changed radically and in the following decades they became much freer, calmer and more "intimate".
There has also been a renewed interest in folk dances, which were the expression of the common people in past centuries. This was partly facilitated by special folklore dance societies, as well as various youth movements who saw that these dances could help in the formation of new social feelings. Theatrical dances of all kinds, which were formed from the stylized centuries-old dances of the East, reached new heights of popularity.
