The novel “Fathers and Sons” was written by I.S. Turgenev in 1862, a year after the abolition of serfdom. The action of the novel takes place in 1859 on the eve of the reform. It is quite natural that the main acting hero stands new hero of Russian literature - a nihilist revolutionary, a democrat commoner.
Origin of Bazarov
Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - a native of the simple peasant family. His grandfather “plowed the land,” his father and mother live modestly and simply, and at the same time took care of their son’s future - they gave him an excellent medical education. Knowing about peasant life Not by hearsay, Bazarov understands perfectly well that significant changes are coming. A plan for the reconstruction of social order, consisting in the absolute destruction of the past and the construction of a new world, has matured in his mind.
Bazarov's Nihilism
Bazarov – new person. He is a nihilist, a materialist, not subject to illusions, testing everything experimentally. Bazarov is interested in natural sciences; he works all day, looking for something new.
A person, according to Bazarov, is a person with knowledge. He is sure that it is work that makes a person out of a person. Evgeniy Vasilyevich always finds himself where his knowledge will be useful. It's profitable
He learns it from other heroes and “extra” people, as well as from people of a new formation.
Bazarov is often rude and harsh in his statements: about women, about the past, about feelings. It seems to him that all this interferes with building a healthy society of the future. Everyone who does not know how to work is not needed by humanity. In many ways he can be considered wrong. What is the cost of just denying basic values? human existence: love, respect, principles, nature as a temple, the human soul.
The importance of a hero for society
Probably, Russian society needed such people to shake it up and force it to look at everything that was happening from the outside. New people appear in society only during periods of historical upheaval; they have special spiritual power, perseverance and steadfastness, the ability not to hide from the truth and to be honest with themselves even on the verge of death.
Bazarov the nihilist understands perfectly well that life will never be easy, sacrifices will be required from any person. And he is ready for them, without changing his convictions even an ounce. This makes it most attractive both for contemporaries and for the current reader.
Love in Bazarov's life
The power of his spirituality extends to love feeling Bazarov to Anna Odintsova, a strong and independent woman. He was captivated by her intelligence and her unique views on current events. Realizing that she cannot sacrifice everything for him, he confesses his feelings to her. Unrequited love to Anna Sergeevna seems to knock him out of his usual way of life. But it seems to me that if death had not interfered, Bazarov would have been able to overcome himself and his unhappy feelings, which he considered to be the weakness of his own personality.
Debunking Bazarov's theory
Sometimes strange and unusual, the hero I.S. Turgeneva delights readers with a set of qualities of a “perfect person”: fortitude, determination, perseverance, ability to persuade, etc., although it is impossible to agree with Bazarov on everything. His theory fails, and the hero realizes this - beauty, love and kindness become an integral part of his soul. And with them he dies, having found no application for his beliefs.
In the novel "Fathers and Sons" the origin of Bazarov is described in precise detail. Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich tried to convey all possible traits of his character in certain actions and actions. In order for the reader to feel a significant difference and see a certain “contrast” between the characters, he introduced storyline other characters who were the complete opposite of Bazarov. What was he really like? We'll tell you later in the article.
Life story
The origin of Bazarov plays a lot in the novel important role. His parents were strict people, my father worked as a doctor and considered this profession to be very prestigious. Therefore, when Evgeniy grew up, the family did not even raise the question of who he would study for.
The mother represented the impoverished noble family, and this could be clearly seen in her behavior. No refined manners or excessive pathos.
It was these traits that Bazarov adopted from his mother. Although he loved his parents immensely, he still had to leave home after training and return only three years later. Evgeniy decided to take such a step because his father’s instructions prevented him from career growth and self-development.
Excessive severity and guardianship led to Bazarov withdrawing into himself, but at the same time he was a self-confident person.
Peculiar behavior
The origin of Bazarov in the novel “Fathers and Sons” is not accidental; the author sought to show how detached one can be from society and at the same time put oneself head and shoulders above the rest.
Except Evgeniy didn’t follow the rules good manners and was distinguished by excessive rudeness.
At the university he met Arkady Kirsanov, his manners were the complete opposite of Bazarov. It cannot be said that this friendship changed him much, but it made him much softer and more tolerant of people.
The relationship between Eugene and Arkady formed the basis of the novel; it was a conflict of “two worlds”. The Kirsanov family belonged to the liberal-conservative movement, and the Bazarovs belonged to the democrats.
Essentially these difficult relationship reveal throughout the entire work the nihilistic nature that Evgeny Bazarov nurtured throughout his life. The origin of his personal beliefs and character in general depended on the people around him and their attitude towards him.
Children's favorite
Although Evgeny was distinguished by slight rudeness, those around him young guy loved. In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” Bazarov’s origin is described as the emergence of a person who combines negative and positive qualities at the same time. Moreover, they appear very clearly.
The peasant children who were surrounded by him were right on his heels. For example, the neighbor boy Mitya recognized Bazarov’s charm and noted how he felt when a person loved children.
As a doctor, Evgeny Bazarov, whose origin helps to understand the special meaning of the work, was magnificent, and his approach to the patient was different from others. The contact between him and the client arose instantly.
His friends also loved him and were amazed at how he could easily lead any conversation in the right direction, with this he bribed and covered up all his shortcomings.
His friend Arkady was amazed at Evgeniy’s hard work. He could drop everything and run to work in order to help others.
Bazarov's main feature remained the ability to love, despite all his nihilistic beliefs. The author showed this in beautiful romantic line c Her independent character bribed and charmed Eugene. But throughout the entire work, these two were shrouded in indecision.
She wasn't ready for serious relationship and was lost in doubt, and the young man could not take the decisive step and admit his feelings. Both are to blame, but Bazarov was constantly looking for excuses for his actions.
The spirit of the Russian man
Bazarov, whose origins were planned point by point, was an adherent of nihilism - a person who denies all norms of behavior, traditions, values, morality and culture. He held the following statements: life has no truth, no action is preferable to any other, and there is no creator above us.
It was important for the author to convey the spirit of the nation, so that a person who is in another country and reads this work could understand how versatile a Russian person can be. His indestructible character endeared him to people from different layers population, it doesn’t matter whether you are poor or rich, you can find an approach to anyone.
After all, the main thing that nihilists strive for is “happiness,” but how reasonable it is to follow this path is a moot point. In any case, the goal was achieved, and readers were able to draw a certain conclusion for themselves.
The self-confident nihilist Evgeny Bazarov, whose origin greatly influenced the development of his personality, plays an important role in the work. His image in the novel contains the entire set of traits of this type and shows how excessive rudeness and indecisiveness can affect a person’s fate.
Twenty-seventh of December.
Composition.
Bazarov is a “new man”.
(based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”).
I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” was created at a time when the question of the abolition of serfdom was raised, when there were contradictions between liberals and democrats. Just at this time - time political reforms and social upheavals, a new bourgeois-capitalist layer is emerging in Russia, and the ideology of nihilism is spreading among student youth. The novel reflected the struggle of two socio-political camps that had developed in Russia by the 60s of the 19th century. The writer showed a typical conflict of the era and set a series current problems, in particular, the question of the character and role of the “new man” - a figure during the revolutionary situation of the 60s.
Evgeniy became the spokesman for the ideas of revolutionary democracy Bazarov is a hero, which is contrasted in the novel with the liberal nobility. He is the main and only exponent of democratic ideology. Bazarov is a new person, a representative of those young leaders who “want to fight,” “nihilists.” He is for new life and remains true to his convictions to the end.
Turgenev wrote: “The main figure, Bazarov, was based on one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me. In that wonderful person that barely born, still fermenting principle was embodied, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression this personality made on me was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear.” And in Turgenev’s new novel, the main character was a representative of those “new people”. Turgenev’s attitude towards the “new man” was, in his own words, not entirely clear: Bazarov was his “enemy”, to whom he felt an “involuntary attraction”. Explaining his work, Turgenev wrote: “My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.” "This is the triumph of democracy over aristocracy."
Bazarov is shown by Turgenev as a supporter of the most “complete and merciless denial.” Bazarov denies everything - and first of all autocracy, serfdom and religion. Everything that is generated by the ugly state of society. Turgenev said about Bazarov: “He is honest, truthful and a democrat to the last detail... if he is called a nihilist, then it should be read: revolutionary”
How Bazarov is depicted - the “new man”. A man of the people, the grandson of a sexton who plowed the land, the son of a poor man district doctor, a student, Bazarov “possessed a special ability to arouse confidence in himself in lower people, although he never indulged them and treated them carelessly.”
Bazarov's democracy is clearly reflected in his speech, activities, character traits and worldview. Turgenev painted a memorable portrait of the commoner Bazarov: his face, “long and thin, with a wide forehead, ... large greenish eyes and hanging sideburns sand color... enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence.” His gait is “firm and swiftly bold,” his long and thick dark-blond hair “did not hide the large bulges of his spacious skull.” He dresses simply and, unlike the aristocrat Pavel Petrovich, who “fiddled a lot with his toilet,” is pointedly careless about his “clothes.” He comes to the village to the Kirsanovs “in a long robe with tassels”; greeting Arkady’s father, he extends to him a “naked red hand,” which apparently has never seen gloves.
Bazarov speaks clearly and simply: “Evgeny Vasiliev,” he greets Arkady’s father; expresses his thoughts with stern and courageous directness, without any evasiveness, without forcing himself into feigned politeness. This is clearly evident from the assessments that he gives to the people of the hostile camp, the “feudal lords”: Pavel Petrovich is a dandy, an “archaic phenomenon”, an “idiot”; Nikolai Petrovich is a “good man”, but “his song is sung”; He says to Arkady: “You gentle soul, weakling..."; “...you haven’t even reached us yet...”
His interests are generally similar to the interests of the enlightened youth of that time: he is interested in natural sciences, reads the works of German “vulgar materialists” - keeps up with the times. Bazarov is a nihilist, that is, a person who does not take anything for granted and rejects authorities and principles. He denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. In particular, the romantic worldview gets from him: “nonsense, rottenness, artistry,” “you study the anatomy of the eye: where does this ... mysterious look come from?” According to Bazarov, all human troubles occur due to the unjust structure of society, and he completely denied the role of personality and individual psychology, believing that one human specimen is enough to judge everyone.
Bazarov went through a harsh, difficult school of life, which strengthened him. Bazarov graduated from the university, but he did not take “an extra penny” from his parents for his education. Bazarov owes his knowledge, and he has very extensive knowledge, to himself. That is why he proudly declares: “Every person must educate himself, well, at least like me, for example...”
Bazarov does not pursue comfort, material benefits: “You and him... don’t stand on ceremony. He’s a wonderful guy, so simple...”, says Arkady about him.
Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession. Labor, constant activity is his “element”. Arriving on vacation at the Kirsanov estate, he immediately gets to work: collecting herbariums, doing physical and chemical experiments. Bazarov treats those who live without doing anything with undisguised contempt.
The plot of the novel is based on Bazarov’s clash with the world of aristocrats. Turgenev immediately shows that Bazarov is a working man, he is alien to aristocratic etiquette and conventions. It is in the clash with various characters opposed to him that Bazarov’s remarkable traits are revealed: in disputes with Pavel Petrovich - maturity of mind, depth of judgment and irreconcilable hatred of lordship and slavery; in relationships with Arkady - the ability to attract young people to one’s side, to be a teacher, educator, honest and irreconcilable in friendship; in relation to Odintsova - the ability to deeply and truly love, integrity of nature, willpower and feeling self-esteem.
Turgenev tests Bazarov first with love, then with death. He observes from the outside how his hero behaves in these situations. Love for Odintsova, an intelligent, proud, strong woman, a match for Bazarov himself, defeats the principles of nihilism (but he called love “garbage”, was contemptuous of romantic feelings, recognized only physiological love, but having fallen in love, he suddenly felt with fear the romance in yourself). In the dying scene, Bazarov is faithful to his ideals to the end, he is not broken, he proudly looks death in the eye - he came only to “clear a place for others.”
Bazarov's death is justified in its own way. Just as in love it was impossible to bring Bazarov to the “silence of bliss,” so in his intended business he had to remain at the level of not yet realized, nurtured and therefore limitless aspirations. Bazarov had to die in order to remain Bazarov. This is how Turgenev conveys the loneliness of his hero-forerunner. Bazarov's death is his end tragic life. Outwardly, this death seems accidental, but, in essence, it was the logical conclusion of Bazarov’s image. It is prepared by the entire course of the narrative. The hero's fatigue, loneliness and melancholy could not have had any other outcome. Bazarov dies completely alone. And for a “small rural cemetery“only “two already decrepit old men come - a husband and wife.”
The author creates the tragic meaning of the image in Bazarov: his loneliness, rejection of the world around him, mental discord - all this is combined in one hero. This is a heavy burden that not everyone can carry with the self-esteem that is inherent in Bazarov. In the novel, Bazarov does not have a single like-minded person. Only the caricatured figures of Sitnikov and Kukshina, and even Arkady, who was carried away in his youth unusual ideas. Bazarov is lonely in his personal life. His old parents are almost afraid of him; in his relationship with Odintsova, he fails. Bazarov once told Arkady: “When I meet a person who would not give up in front of me, then I will change my opinion about myself.” And such a person was found - this is Odintsova.
How a real artist, creator, Turgenev was able to guess the mood of his time, the emergence of a new type, the type of democrat-commoner, who replaced the noble intelligentsia. With the help of skillfully selected details, Turgenev creates appearance one of the "new people". Bazarov is an independent nature, not bowing to any authority, but subjecting all thoughts to judgment. The revolution in Bazarov's soul occurs under the influence tragic love to Odintsova - he begins to realize the presence of a romantic in his soul, which was previously unthinkable for him. Bazarov is capable of spiritual evolution, which is demonstrated by his feelings for Odintsova, as well as the death scene. In Bazarov's scenes of declaration of love, emotions prevail over reason.
Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" reflected the struggle between two socio-political camps that had developed in Russia by the 60s of the 19th century. The writer showed the conflict of the era and raised a number of topical problems, in particular, the question of the character and role of the “new man” - a figure during the maturation of the revolutionary situation in Russia in the 60s.
The novel recreates the era that preceded the abolition of serfdom. In this crisis situation, disputes have escalated sharply different generations about the people social order, art and religion. The two generations compared by Turgenev in this work represent not only the ideas of two different eras, but also a clash between the old aristocracy and revolutionary youth.
The image of Yevgeny Bazarov turned out to be very complex and contradictory, but certainly the most interesting. It occupies a central place in the composition of the novel. Of the twenty-eight chapters, Bazarov does not appear in only two, in the rest he is the main thing actor. All the main characters of the novel are grouped around him, revealed in their relationships with him, highlight certain features of his personality more sharply and brightly, emphasize his superiority, intelligence, spiritual strength, testify to his loneliness among the aristocrats, there is every reason to admire his intelligence and firmness , the ability to defend your ideals and achieve what you want.
Turgenev’s “fathers” and “children” are precisely the nobles and commoners, their irreconcilable contradictions were reflected in the novel with such clarity and distinctness, they were depicted with such artistic power, and even the work itself became a phenomenon not only of literary, but also public life. There was not a person in Russian society at that time who would have been indifferent to the novel and, above all, to the main character, the commoner Evgeniy Vasilyevich Bazarov.
For Russian life and for Russian literature, Bazarov is a new figure and in every way unusual in his behavior. His appearance alone emphasizes the novelty of the hero. Previously, the reader was accustomed to meeting noble heroes who were outwardly graceful, immaculately dressed and in the latest fashion - Onegin, Pechorin, Beltov, Rudin. And here - in some kind of "robe", with big red hands without gloves, with rough facial features, ridiculous sideburns, with rude manners, smoking disgusting stinking "cigars" Bazarov. Life path Bazarov is typical of a commoner: studying at the Medical-Surgical Academy, passion for the natural sciences and vulgar materialism. The environment of “advanced life” had a decisive influence on the hero. Atheism in Bazarov is combined with the belief in the impossibility of knowing the world by the forces of the human mind.
The plot of the novel is based on Bazarov’s clash with the world of aristocrats. Turgenev immediately shows that Bazarov is a working man, he is not accustomed to aristocratic etiquette and conventions. The author uses the technique of contrast. So, Bazarov is opposed to Pavel Petrovich. The democracy of one is the aristocracy of the other. And Bazarov’s consistency, conviction, will and determination are contrasted with Arkady’s duality, with his random beliefs, softness and lack of a conscious goal.
It is in the clash with various characters opposed to him that Bazarov’s remarkable traits are revealed: in disputes with Pavel Petrovich - maturity of mind, depth of judgment and irreconcilable hatred of lordship and slavery; in relationships with Arkady - the ability to attract young people to one’s side, to be a teacher, educator, honest and irreconcilable in friendship; in relation to Odintsova - the ability to deeply and truly love, integrity of nature, willpower and self-esteem.
The main place in the composition of the novel is occupied by scenes of disputes. Turgenev's heroes reveal their worldview in direct statements, in clashes with their ideological opponents. Bazarov is an independent nature, not bowing to any authority, but subjecting all thoughts to judgment. Bazarov’s interest in natural sciences, although neither a career as a scientist nor a career as a doctor would be his destiny - his worldview is too revolutionary.
Turgenev takes his hero through a series of tests. He tests Bazarov first with love, and then with death. Turgenev, as if from the outside, observes how his hero behaves in these situations.
Bazarov is lonely not only in friendship, but also in love. Love plays an important role in his destiny, although he considers it “nonsense, unforgivable nonsense.” So, Fenechka charms him with her youth, purity, and spontaneity. The duel with Pavel Petrovich occurs at the moment when Bazarov is taken out of peace of mind passion for Odintsova. It remains to add that we are not talking about the hero’s true love for the pretty Fenechka, and the relationship with Odintsova is a different matter.
Bazarov's death is justified in its own way. Just as in love it was impossible to bring Bazarov to the “silence of bliss,” so in his intended business he had to remain at the level of not yet realized, nurtured and therefore limitless aspirations. Bazarov had to die in order to remain Bazarov. This is how Turgenev conveys the loneliness of his hero-forerunner.
The tragedy of the hero lies in his loneliness. True, he himself declares: “There are not as few of us as you think.” But still, in the novel, Bazarov does not have a single like-minded person. Only the caricatured figures of Sitnikov and Kukshina, and even Arkady, who in his youth was carried away by unusual ideas. Bazarov is lonely in his personal life. His old parents are almost afraid of him; in his relationship with Odintsova, he fails. This relationship broke the hero because it hurt his pride. Bazarov once self-confidently declared to Arkady: “When I meet a person who would not give up in front of me, then I will change my opinion about myself.” And such a person was found - this is Odintsova. And with the people, with whom Bazarov has no genuine closeness, among the peasants he is reputed to be “something like a clown.”
Bazarov's death is the end of his tragic life. Outwardly, this death seems accidental, but, in essence, it was the logical conclusion of Bazarov’s image. It is prepared by the entire course of the narrative. The hero's fatigue, loneliness and melancholy could not have had any other outcome.
The author recreates the tragic meaning of the image in Bazarov: his loneliness, rejection of the world around him, mental discord - all this is combined in one hero. This is a heavy burden that not everyone can carry with the self-esteem that is inherent in Bazarov.
Evgeny Bazarov is central character Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". The work begins with the fact that Bazarov, together with his friend Arkady, arrive at the Kirsanovs’ estate, where Arkady’s father and uncle live. Who was Bazarov? Let's look at the characteristics of Evgeny Bazarov.
Bazarov's background, education and views
Evgeny Bazarov’s father was a doctor, and in the future his son was also involved in treating people. He had to go through a harsh school, then followed by university, during which he had to live in poverty. Bazarov liked to get carried away different objects, so he had a good understanding of geology, botany, and agricultural technology. It should be noted that Evgeniy Bazarov is always happy to help with treatment. Educated person, hence a certain pride in oneself.
What did Bazarov look like externally? Many were even somewhat repelled by his appearance - tall, in an old raincoat and with long hair. It was not for nothing that Ivan Turgenev also emphasized the sharpness of his mind, describing the skull and facial expression, which clearly indicated a self-confident warehouse.
The characteristic of Evgeny Bazarov is that he is a nihilist, and literally denies everything, and is proud of his views. Bazarov speaks of love as an unnecessary feeling, he is not interested in art, he also does not admire nature, but calls it a workshop where a person is a worker. In general, if we talk about radical nobles, Bazarov’s views are very different and clearly not typical.
Conclusions about the characteristics of Evgeny Bazarov
There are many difficulties on the path of Evgeny Bazarov, and he is also tested by love. Having met Odintsova, main character He is convinced that love does not exist, and therefore he is indifferent to women. However, feelings flare up very quickly, this is especially evident after Bazarov stays for some time at Odintsova’s estate. She captivates him and even pushes him to take bold actions, for example, an explanation.
So, although Bazarov is a convinced nihilist, the first life situation breaks him, and having experienced deep feelings, he is already at a dead end - what to do next? Or, for example, the story of the duel - he denies the concept of honor, but agrees to fight a duel. Bazarov does not believe in nobility, but during the fight he behaves like noble man. The question arises: was Bazarov really a nihilist?
