Art also performs an indispensable and increasingly meaningful function, participating in the socialization of the individual, introducing it into the system of moral and aesthetic values, behavioral patterns and reflective positions relevant to society, into the generalized real social experience of human interaction, as well as into an artificially constructed experience built on the basis of imaginary images and collisions.
To this should be added the environmental organizing function of artistic culture as a whole, associated with the design of an aesthetically organized living environment for people, saturated with examples of artistic and cultural values generated by art. All this makes art one of the most important instruments of social regulation of society.
Modern Art acts as an artistic program of the changing world - the world of acceleration social progress on the basis of advanced technology, urbanization, massization of style and lifestyle.
At the same time, art is defined as a process in which a vital exchange of meanings takes place, which are social constructs and are changeable, dependent on time and place. Aimed at disclosure creative possibilities of a person in the process of a plural vision of the universe, contemporary art seeks to provoke the viewer's intellectual complicity, to awaken ordinary consciousness, offering a radically new experience of understanding the world.
Art should "double" the real life activity of a person, be its imaginary continuation and addition, and thereby expand the life experience of a person, allowing him to "live" many illusory "lives" in "worlds" created by writers, musicians, painters, etc.
The artistic and creative activity of a person unfolds in diverse forms, which are called types of art, genera and genres of art. The abundance and diversity of these forms may seem like a chaotic heap, but in reality they are a regularly organized (or rather, naturally historically self-organized) system of species, generic, genre forms. So, aesthetic theory established that, depending on the material means by which works of art are constructed, three groups of art forms objectively arise:
- 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, art photography, architecture, arts and crafts and design), i.e. those that deploy their images in space;
- 2) temporary (verbal and musical), i.e., those where images are built in time, and not in real space;
- 3) spatio-temporal (dance; acting and all synthetic art based on it - theater, cinema, television art, variety and circus art, etc.), i.e. those whose images have both length and duration, corporality and dynamism.
On the other hand, in each of these three groups of art, artistic and creative activity can use: 1) signs of a pictorial type, i.e., suggesting the similarity of images with sensually perceived reality (painting, sculpture, graphics - the so-called fine arts; literature, acting art); 2) signs of a non-figurative type, i.e., not allowing recognition in the images of any real objects, phenomena, actions and addressed directly to the associative mechanisms of perception (architectural and applied arts, music and dance); 3) signs of a mixed, pictorial-non-pictorial nature, characteristic of synthetic forms of creativity (synthesis of architecture or decorative and applied arts with fine arts; verbal-musical - song and acting-dance - pantomimic synthesis).
Term modern Art, in general, refers to the art that exists at the moment. The use of the adjective "modern" to define a period in art history is partly due to the absence of any distinct or prevalent school of art recognized by artists, art historians, and critics. It is generally accepted that contemporary art begins from the late 60s to the present, or immediately after the end of Art Nouveau or the Modernist period.
Perhaps the most striking aspect of contemporary art is its indefinability. Works created before the 60s could easily be attributed to a particular school. Even in the works of the 1970s and 1980s, one can find features Conceptual, Expressive, Feminist art, Pop art, Graffiti. Just like in the ordinary world, the world of art is increasingly experiencing the effect of globalization. Many boundaries and distinctions within art itself have been lost. Art Nouveau and contemporary art should not be confused, although some trends and movements of modernity have their roots in modernism. Also, many trends turned to the basics of painting, such as color, brush stroke and canvases. important characteristic of contemporary art is that it often touches areas and things that affect the world.
Cloning, politics, economics, issues of gender, sexuality, ethnicity or race, human rights, war, or perhaps the high price of local bread. This emphasis on politics, while not new, seems to be on the rise. Historically, art has been associated with aesthetic concepts beauty, purity and transcendence. It was associated with "high motives" - not war. The destruction of this distinction -- important aspect contemporary art.
Modern Art often intersects with the outside world; it is not limited by the choice of materials or methods. It can use both traditional, such as painting, drawing and sculpture, and non-traditional forms-- performance, installations, video and various other materials. Contemporary art is becoming increasingly global, slowly breaking down the cultural barriers that separate the old-fashioned elitism of high art from public opinion.
The truth of art as a game does not depend on the dynamics of regularity and chance, which affirm the game as an exclusively momentary, instantaneous, created creation at the very moment; truth art as games reveals all its depths even after the game itself.
Art as a game strives in the vast majority of cases not to be a game, but to be life, to be anything you like, but not a game, a "pure" game. Therefore, art as a game is different in that it seeks the truth. The 20th century gave rise to such an abundance and diversity creative directions in the visual arts and such a mixture of all kinds of substantiations, explanations, suggestions and interpretations of the essence of the very object of art, that as a result, complete and perfect chaos reigned both in the ideas about art and in creative activity itself.
The authors pop art (optical art), showing incredible patience and accuracy, create complex compositions on a plane of lattice and spiral figures and paint them in such a way that at first the viewer simply ripples in the eyes, and after a while there are sensations optical illusions and spatial shifts on the plane of these compositions. Such colorful charades can be entertaining toys at best, but nothing more.
Authors and researchers concept art always emphasize the solidity and solidity of the scientific base on which the beautiful building of the conceptual direction of the modern avant-garde rests. The works of conceptualists are these compositions from individual everyday objects, from ridiculous combinations of these objects, accompanied by some phrases, texts, forms, certificates, timetables, graphs, individual letters, numbers, these compositions, actions of actors producing ridiculous, absurd, in any way unmotivated actions - all these creative efforts of avant-garde artists appear before the viewer who came to see the works visual arts. Of course, the viewer perceives such a vernissage as something absurd, devoid of any meaning. The maximum amount of information contains the most unexpected message. And the compositions or actions of avant-garde artists appear before us as completely ridiculous, completely unexpected, that is, they should carry maximum information. It is this fragment of information theory that conceptualists use to confirm the significance of their work. The authors and theorists of conceptualism argue that their works carry such an abundance of significant information that the viewer is simply not able to rise to their level and assimilate it.
That is, even if in a message that is incomprehensible at first glance, in a meaningless composition, in an absurd action, there is some kind of internal organization, then all the same, these compositions and these actions lie beyond the scope of aesthetic phenomena. Agree that this has nothing to do with art, or with artists, or with spiritual culture, or with aesthetics,
Alternative art. The term "graffiti" is used to classify a generally prohibited art form in which attempts are made to establish a kind of related composition through drawings and inscriptions created individually or in groups on walls or other surfaces that are visually accessible to the public. The authors of graffiti are most often non-professional artists. Even on the moon American astronauts left a memory of themselves in the form of graffiti. Therefore, as a form of art and a means of expressing views, it is flexible, inclusive and free from censorship. Graffiti can be seen as a concrete manifestation of personal and social ideologies, very effective in terms of visual impact on people.
In principle, more or less an equal sign is put between the concepts "modern Art" and "contemporary art". This is the art that exists in galleries, has not yet been museumified, in essence, modern art - that which is not recognized as classical.
Gorbunova Julia
Research work on the topic "The role of art in human life"
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- Introduction
- Main part
2.1. The concept of art.
2.2 Types of art
2.3 Functions of art
2.4. The role of art in human life
2.5. Life is short, art is eternal.
- Conclusion
- Literature
1. Introduction.
I chose to work on the topic “The Role of Art in Human Life” because I wanted to deepen and generalize knowledge about art. It was interesting for me to expand my horizons and find out what functions art performs, what is the role of art in a person’s life, in order to further discuss this from the point of view of a knowledgeable person.
I consider the chosen topic of the work to be relevant, since certain aspects of the topic have not been fully studied and the study is aimed at overcoming this gap. It encourages me to show intellectual abilities, moral and communicative qualities;
Before starting work, I conducted a survey among the students of our school. By asking them a few questions in order to reveal their relationship to art. We got the following results.
Total people surveyed.
- What role do you think art plays in modern life human?
Large %
No%
Helps to live
- What does art teach us, and does it teach at all?
Beauty %
Understanding life %
Right deeds %
Broadens the mind %
Doesn't teach anything
- What kinds of art do you know?
Theatre %
Movie %
Music %
Painting %
Architecture %
Sculpture %
Other arts %
- What kind of art do you do or are you passionate about?
Passionate %
Not engaged %
- Have there been times when art has played a role in your life?
Yes %
Not %
The survey showed that the work will help people understand the significance of art and, I think, will attract many, if not to art, then it will arouse interest in the problem.
My work has practical significance, because the materials can be used to prepare for an essay on literature, for oral presentations in the lessons of fine arts, MHC, and later to prepare for exams.
Target work: prove worth various kinds art in human life;show how art influences the formation of the spiritual culture of a person's personality; arouse people's interest in the world of art.
Tasks - reveal the essence of art, consider the relationship between man and art in society, consider the main functions of art in society, their significance and role for a person.
Problematic issues: How does art express human feelings and the world around?
Why is it said that “life is short, but art is eternal”?
What is art? When, how and why did art appear?
What role does art play in a person's life and in my life?
Expected Result
After getting acquainted with my work, a higher level of development of the emotional-valuable attitude to the world, the phenomena of life and art is assumed; understanding the place and role of art in people's lives.
2. Main body
2.1. The concept of art
“Art gives wings and takes you far, far away!” -
said the writerChekhov A.P.
How nice it would be if someone created a device that would show the degree of influence of art on a person, society as a whole, and even on nature. How do painting, music, literature, theater, cinema affect human health, the quality of his life? Can this impact be measured and predicted? Of course, culture as a whole, as a combination of science, art and education, is capable of beneficially influencing both individual person and on society as a whole.
Art is a creative understanding of the world around talented person. The fruits of this reflection belong not only to its creators, but to all mankind living on planet Earth.
Immortal beautiful creations ancient Greek sculptors and architects, Florentine mosaic masters, Raphael and Michelangelo ... Dante, Petrarch, Mozart, Bach, Tchaikovsky. It captures the spirit when you try to embrace with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers.
In primitive societyprimitive creativityborn with a viewHomo sapiensas a way of human activity to solve practical problems. Originating in the eraMiddle Paleolithic, primitive artreached its peak about 40 thousand years ago, and was a social product of society, embodying a new stage in the development of reality. The oldest works of art, such as the shell necklace found in South Africa, date back to 75,000 BC. e. and more. In the Stone Age, art was represented by primitive rituals, music, dances, all kinds of body decorations, geoglyphs - images on the ground, dendrographs - images on the bark of trees, images on animal skins, cave paintings, rock paintings,petroglyphs and sculpture.
The emergence of art is associated withgames, rituals and rituals, including those causedmythologically- magicalrepresentations.
Now the word "art" is often used in its original, very broad meaning. This is any skill in the implementation of any tasks that require some kind of perfection of their results. In the narrower sense of the word, this is creativity"according to the laws of beauty." Artworks artistic creativity, like the works applied arts, are created according to the "laws of beauty". A work of art, like all other types of social consciousness, is always a unity of the object cognized in it and the subject who cognizes this object.
In a primitive, pre-class society, art as a special kind of social consciousness did not yet exist independently. It was then in unity with mythology, magic, religion, with legends about past life, with primitive geographical ideas, with moral requirements.
And then art stood out among them in its special specific variety. It has become one of the forms of development of the social consciousness of various peoples. That is how it should be considered.
Thus, art is a kind of consciousness of society, it is - artistic content and not scientific. L. Tolstoy, for example, defined art as a means of exchanging feelings, contrasting it with science as a means of exchanging thoughts.
Art is often compared to a reflective mirror that reflects reality through the thoughts and feelings of the creator. Through him, this mirror reflects those phenomena of life that attracted the attention of the artist, excited him.
Here one can rightly see one of the most important specific features of art as a form of human activity.
Any product of labor - be it a tool, a tool, a machine or a means of maintaining life - is created for some special need. Even such spiritual products as Scientific research, may well remain accessible and important for a narrow group of specialists, without losing anything in their social significance.
But a work of art can be recognized as such only under the condition of universality, "general interest" of its content. The artist is called upon to express something that is equally important for both the driver and the scientist, which is applicable to their life activity not only to the extent of the peculiarities of their profession, but also to the extent of involvement in public life, the ability to be a person, to be a person.
2.2. Kinds of art
Depending on the material means by which works of art are constructed, three groups of art forms objectively arise: 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, art photography, architecture, arts and crafts, and design), i.e. those who deploy their images in space; 2) temporary (verbal and musical), i.e., those where images are built in time, and not in real space; 3) spatio-temporal (dance; acting and all based on it; synthetic - theater, cinema, television art, variety and circus, etc.), i.e. those whose images have both length and duration, corporality and dynamism. Each type of art is directly characterized by the way of the material existence of its works and the type of figurative signs used. Within these limits, all its types have varieties, determined by the characteristics of this or that material and the resulting originality of the artistic language.
Yes, varieties verbal art are oral creativity and written literature; types of music - vocal and different types instrumental music; varieties of performing arts - drama, music, puppet, shadow theater, as well as stage and circus; types of dance household dance, classical, acrobatic, gymnastic, ice dance, etc.
On the other hand, each art form has a generic and genre division. The criteria for these divisions are defined in different ways, but the very existence of such types of literature as epic, lyric, drama, such types of fine arts as easel, monumental-decorative, miniature, such genres of painting as portrait, landscape, still life is obvious ...
Thus, art, taken as a whole, is a historically established system of various specific ways of artistic development of the world,
each of which has features common to all and individually peculiar.
2.3. Functions of art
Art has similarities and differences with other forms of social consciousness. Just like science, it objectively reflects reality, cognizes its important and essential aspects. But unlike science, which explores the world with the help of abstract-theoretical thinking, art cognizes the world through imaginative thinking. Reality appears in art as a whole, in the richness of its sensual manifestations.
Unlike science, artistic consciousness does not set itself the goal of giving any special information about particular branches of social practice and identifying their patterns, such as physical, economic, etc. The subject of art is everything that is interesting for a person in life.
Those goals that the author or creator intentionally and consciously sets for himself when working on a work have a direction. It can be a political goal, a commentary on a social position, the creation of a certain mood or emotion, a psychological impact, an illustration of something, a promotion of a product (in the case of advertising), or simply conveying a message.
- Means of communication.In his simplest form art is a means of communication. Like most other forms of communication, it carries the intention of conveying information to the audience. For example, scientific illustration- also an art form that exists to convey information. Another example of this kind is geographic Maps. However, the content of the message is not necessarily scientific. Art allows you to convey not only objective information, but also emotions, mood, feelings.
- Art as entertainment. The purpose of art may be to create a mood or emotion that helps to relax or have fun. Very often, cartoons or video games are created for this very purpose.
- Vanguard, art for political change.One of the defining goals of art in the early 20th century was the creation of works that provoked political change. Directions that have emerged for this purpose are -Dadaism, surrealism, Russian constructivism, abstract expressionism- collectively referred toavant-garde.
- Art for psychotherapy.Psychologists and psychotherapists can use art for healing purposes. A special technique based on the analysis of the patient's drawings is used to diagnose the state of the individual and the emotional status. In this case, the ultimate goal is not diagnosis, but the improvement of the psyche.
- Art for social protest, overthrow of the existing order and/or anarchy.As a form of protest, art may not have any specific political purpose, but be limited to criticizing the existing regime or some aspect of it.
2.4. The role of art in human life
All kinds of arts serve the greatest of the arts - the art of living on earth.
Bertolt Brecht
It is now impossible to imagine that ourlifewould not accompany art,creation. Where and whenever you livehuman, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means that he sought to understand and figuratively, intelligibly pass on the knowledge gained to the next generations. This is how wall paintings appeared in caves - ancient camps of man. And this was born not only by the desire to protect their descendants from the mistakes already passed by their ancestors, but by the transfer of the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.
Mankind did not stagnate, it progressively moved forward and higher, and the art that accompanies man at all stages of this long and painful path also developed. If you turn to the Renaissance, you admire the heights that artists and poets, musicians and architects have reached. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to go through his short, but beautiful, sometimes tragic path.
Art is one of the most important steps in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world from different points of view. With each epoch, with each century, it is more and more improved by man. At all times, art has helped a person develop his abilities, improve abstract thinking. For centuries, man has tried to change art more and more, to improve it, to deepen his knowledge. Art is the great mystery of the world, in which the secrets of the history of our life are hidden. Art is our history. Sometimes in it you can find answers to those questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.
Today, a person can no longer imagine life without a read novel, without a new movie, without a premiere in the theater, without a fashionable hit and beloved musical group, without art exhibitions ... In art, a person finds both new knowledge and answers to vital important questions, and calm from the daily hustle and bustle, and enjoyment. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, listeners. The novel can tell about a distant historical era, about people, it seems, of a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings that people have been imbued with at all times are understandable to the current reader, consonant with him if the novel is written by a true master. Let Romeo and Juliet live in Verona in ancient times. It is not the time or place of action that determines my perception of the great love and true friendship described by the brilliant Shakespeare.
Russia has not become a distant province of art. Even at the dawn of its appearance, it declared loudly and boldly about its right to stand next to the greatest creators of Europe: "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", icons and paintings by Andrei Rublev and Theophan the Greek, cathedrals of Vladimir, Kyiv and Moscow. We are not only proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on Nerl and Moscow's Intercession Cathedral, better known as St. Basil's Cathedral, but we also sacredly honor the names of the creators.
Not only ancient creations attract our attention. We are constantly confronted with works of art in Everyday life. By visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to join that beautiful world, which is available at first only to geniuses, and then to the rest, we learn to understand, see, absorb the beauty that has already become a part of our ordinary life.
Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Eliminate all this from the life of a civilized person, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or a zombie. The wealth of art is inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all the museums of the world, not to listen to all the symphonies, sonatas, operas, not to review all the masterpieces of architecture, not to re-read all the novels, poems, poems. Yes, and nothing. Know-it-alls actually turn out to be superficial people. From all the variety, a person chooses for the soul what is closest to him, which gives ground to his mind and feelings.
The possibilities of art are multifaceted. Art forms intellectual and moral qualities, stimulates creativity, promotes successful socialization. AT Ancient Greece fine arts were seen as effective remedy impact on a person. Sculptures were exhibited in the galleries, personifying noble human qualities (“Mercy”, “Justice”, etc.). It was believed that, contemplating the beautiful statues, a person absorbs all the best that they reflect. The same applies to the paintings of the great masters.
A group of researchers led by Professor Marina de Tommaso from the University of Bari, Italy, found that beautiful pictures may reduce pain, the Daily Telegraph writes today. Scientists hope that the new results will convince hospitals and hospitals to care more about decorating the rooms in which the sick are.
During the study, a group of people, consisting of both their men and their women, were asked to look at 300 paintings by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli, and to select from them 20 paintings that they found the most beautiful and the ugliest. At the next stage, the subjects were shown these pictures or nothing, leaving a large black wall for pictures free, and at the same time they hit the participants with a short laser pulse comparable in strength to touching a hot frying pan. It was found that when people watch pictures they like, the pain feels three times less intense than when they are forced to look at ugly pictures or a black wall.
Not only children, but often adults are not able to cope with their emotions. We live by the rules, we force ourselves to constant "We need, we need, we need ...", forgetting about our desires. Because of this, internal discontent arises, which a person, being a social being, tries to keep in himself. As a result, the body suffers, because a negative emotional state often leads to various diseases. Creativity in this case helps to relieve emotional tension, harmonize inner world and reach understanding with others. Of course, it can be not only drawing, but also appliqués, embroidery, photographing, modeling from matches, prose, poetry and much more, one way or another related to art.
The question of how literature affects a person, his behavior and psyche, what mechanisms lead to peculiar experiences and, as a result, to a change in a person’s personal characteristics when reading a literary work, has occupied the minds of many scientists and researchers from ancient times to the present. Fiction, giving knowledge of reality, expands the mental horizons of readers of all ages, gives an emotional experience that goes beyond what a person could acquire in his life, forms an artistic taste, delivers aesthetic pleasure, which in life modern man takes great place and is one of his needs. But most importantly, the main function of fiction is the formation of deep and stable feelings in people that encourage them to think through, determine their worldview, and guide their behavior. personality.
Literature is for people a school of feelings and knowledge of reality and forms an idea about the ideal actions of people, about the beauty of the world and relationships. The word is a great mystery. Its magical power lies in the ability to evoke vivid images, transport the reader to another world. Without literature, we would never have known that once upon a time there lived a wonderful person and writer Victor Hugo or, for example, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. We would not know anything about the time when they lived. Thanks to literature, we become more educated, learn the history of our ancestors.
The influence of music on a person is great. Man hears sound not only with his ears; he hears the sound with every pore of his body. The sound permeates his whole being, and according to certain influences slows down or speeds up the rhythm of the circulation of the blood; either excites the nervous system or calms it down; awakens stronger passions in a person or pacifies him, bringing him peace. A certain effect is produced according to the sound. Therefore, the knowledge of sound can give a person a magical tool to manage, adjust, control and use life, as well as help other people with the greatest benefit.It is no secret that art can heal.
Isotherapy, dance therapy, music therapy - these are common truths.
The creator of musical pharmacology, scientist Robert Schofleur, prescribes for therapeutic purposes to listen to all the symphonies of Tchaikovsky, Schubert's The Forest Tsar, Beethoven's ode to Joy. He claims that these works contribute to an accelerated recovery. And researchers at the University of California experimentally proved that after 10 minutes of listening to Mozart's music, tests showed an increase in the IQ of students by 8-9 units.
But not all art heals.
For example: Rock music - causes the release of stress hormones, which erase part of the information in the brain, cause aggression or depression. Russian psychologist D. Azarov notes that there is a special combination of notes, he called them killer music. After listening to such musical phrases several times, a person has a gloomy mood and thoughts.
Bell ringing quickly kills:
- typhoid bacteria
- viruses.
Classical music (Mozart, etc.) contributes to:
- general calm
- increased milk secretion (by 20%) in nursing mothers.
The rhythmic sounds of some performers, due to a direct effect on the brain, contribute to:
- release of stress hormones
- memory impairment
- weakening (after 1-2 years) general condition(especially when listening to music with headphones).
Mantra, or meditative sounds "om", "aum", etc., have a vibrating character.
Vibrations initially contribute to the activation of certain organs, brain structures. At the same time, many different hormones are released into the blood. (Probably, this helps to perform monotonous work with less energy consumption).
Vibrating sounds evoke
- pleasure - in some people, in others - the same sounds cause
- stress reaction with the release of hormones and a sharp increase in oxidative metabolism.
- contributes to a sharp rise in blood pressure,
- often leading to heart spasms.
AT literary sources In ancient times, we find many examples of the purposeful influence of music on the mental state of people. Plutarch says that Alexander the Great's fits of furious anger were usually pacified by playing the lyre. The mighty Achilles, according to Homer, tried, by playing the lyre, to cool his "famous" anger, from which the action in the Iliad begins.
There was an opinion that music saves from inevitable death when bitten by poisonous snakes and scorpions. As an antidote in these cases, music was widely recommended by one of the most famous doctors of ancient Rome, Galen. Nirkus, a companion of Alexander the Great in his campaigns, having visited India, said that in this country, abounding with poisonous snakes, singing is considered the only remedy for their bites. How to explain the miraculous effect of music? Studies of our time have shown that music in such cases does not act as an antidote, but as a means of eliminating psychic trauma, it helps the victim to suppress the feeling of horror. This is just one of the examples when a person's health and even life largely depend on his state of mind. But even this separate example allows us to judge how great the role of the nervous system in the body is. It must be taken into account when explaining the mechanism of the impact of art on people's health.
Even more striking is the effect of music on emotions. The influence of music on emotions has been known since ancient times. Music was used for medicinal purposes and in war. Music acts both as a means to distract from thoughts that disturb a person, and as a means of calming and even healing. Music is of great importance as a means of combating overwork. Music can set a certain rhythm before starting work, set you up for a deep rest during a break.
Art makes the world of people more beautiful, alive and bright. For example, painting: how much has come down to our time vintage paintings, which can be used to determine how people lived two, three, four or more centuries ago. Now there are many paintings painted by our contemporaries, and whatever it is: abstraction, realism, still life or landscape, painting is a wonderful art, with the help of which a person has learned to see the world bright and colorful.
Architecture is another of the most important art forms. A huge number of the most beautiful monuments are scattered all over the world, and they are not just called "monuments" - they contain greatest secrets history and memory. Sometimes these mysteries cannot be unraveled by scientists around the world.
Of course, to perceive beauty operatic art, for example, you need to know its features, understand the language of music and vocals, with the help of which the composer and singers convey all the shades of life and feelings and influence the thoughts and emotions of the listeners. The perception of poetry and fine arts also requires some preparation and appropriate understanding. Even interesting story will not capture the reader if he has not developed a technique of expressive reading, if he spends all his energy on composing words from pronounced sounds and does not experience their artistic and aesthetic influence.
The effect of the means of art on a person can be caused by long-term or perspective. This emphasizes the great possibilities for using art in order to obtain a lasting and long-lasting effect, using it for educational purposes, as well as for general health improvement and prevention. Art does not act on any one human ability and strength, whether it be emotion or intellect, but on the person as a whole. It forms, sometimes unconsciously, the very system of human attitudes.
The artistic genius of D. Moor's famous poster "Have you signed up as a volunteer?", which was so widely promoted during the Second World War, lies in the fact that it appeals to the human conscience through all the spiritual abilities of a person. Those. the power of art lies in this, to appeal to the human conscience, to awaken its spiritual abilities. And on this occasion, we can quote the famous words of Pushkin:
Burn people's hearts with the verb.
It is thought that in this true purpose art.
2.5. Life is short, art is eternal.
Art is eternal and beautiful, because it brings beauty and goodness to the world.
Man has very strict requirements and art must reflect these requirements. The artists of classicism were equal to classical models. It was believed that the eternal is unchanging - therefore, one must learn from the Greek and Roman authors. Heroes very often become knights, kings, dukes. They were convinced that truth creates beauty in art - therefore, the writer must imitate nature and depict life believably. Rigid canons of the theory of classicism appear. The art historian Boileau writes: “The incredible is not capable of touching, let the truth always look believable.” The writers of classicism approached life from the position of reason, they did not trust feelings, they considered it changeable and deceitful. Accurate, reasonable, truthful and beautiful. “You need to think about the idea and only then write.”
Art never gets old. In the book of academician philosopher I.T. Frolov wrote: “The reason for this is the unique originality of works of art, their deeply individualized character, ultimately due to the constant appeal to a person. The unique unity of man and the world in a work of art, "human reality". The famous Danish physicist Niels Bohr wrote: “The reason why art can enrich us lies in its ability to remind us of harmonies that are beyond the reach of systematic analysis". Art often highlights universal, “eternal” problems: what is good and evil, freedom, human dignity. The changing conditions of each era force us to re-solve these issues.
Art is many-sided, eternal, but, unfortunately, it cannot influence people without their will, mental effort, a certain work of thought. A person should want to learn to see and understand the beautiful, then art will have a beneficial effect on him, society as a whole. This will probably be in the future. In the meantime, talented creators should not forget that their works can influence millions, and this can be beneficial or harmful.
I will give a simple example. For example, an artist painted a picture. The picture depicts negative scenes of murder, blood and dirt are everywhere, the most chaotic, harsh tones are used, in short, the whole picture acts depressingly on the viewer, causing negative emotions in a person. The energy coming from the picture is extremely depressing. So much for the complete interconnection of the artist's thinking with the physical creation of the picture and, accordingly, the viewer or viewers looking at it ... Imagine thousands, tens of thousands of such depressing paintings. The same can be said about our cinema. What cartoons do our children watch, not to mention films for adults? And in general, now there is not even such a ban "Up to 16", as in the 70s. Solid "negativism"... Imagine how much negative energy in the country, in the world, on the whole Earth!.. The same can be said about all types of our art!
“Thoughts combined with actions lead to change. If they are noble, then they liberate, save, promote prosperity. enrich. If they are base, then they enslave, impoverish, weaken, destroy. If the propaganda of violence, the cult of power, evil steps onto our screens, we will perish after the unlucky heroes of these one-day militants.
True art must be beautiful, have a good, humane beginning with centuries-old traditions.
3. Conclusion.
Art plays an important role in our lives, helping future generations to grow morally. Each generation contributes to the development of mankind, enriching it culturally. Without art, we would hardly be able to look at the world from different points of view, in a different way, to look beyond the ordinary, to feel a little sharper. Art, like a person, has many small veins, blood vessels, organs.
Passions, aspirations, dreams, images, fears - everything that every person lives by - acquire increativityspecial coloring and strength.
It is impossible for everyone to be creators, but it is in our power to try to penetrate into the essence of the creation of a genius, to come closer to understanding the beautiful. And the more often we become contemplators of pictures, architectural masterpieces, listeners of beautiful music, the better for us and those around us.
Art helps us master the sciences and gradually deepen our knowledge. And as mentioned above, it is an essential part of human development:
Forms a person's ability to perceive, feel, correctly understand and appreciate the beautiful in surrounding reality and art
Forms the skills of using the means of art to understand the life of people, nature itself;
Develops a deep understanding of the beauty of nature, the world around. the ability to preserve this beauty;
Arms people with knowledge, and also instills skills and abilities in the field of accessible arts - music, painting, theater, artistic word, architecture;
Develops creative abilities, skills and abilities to feel and create beauty in the surrounding life, at home, in everyday life;
Develops an understanding of beauty in human relationships, the desire and ability to bring beauty into everyday life.
So, art affects our life from all sides, makes it diverse and vibrant, lively and interesting, rich, helping a person understand his destiny in this world better and better.Our earthly world is woven from perfection and imperfection. And it depends only on the person himself how he will make his future, what he will read, what he will listen, how he will speak.
“The best means for educating feelings in general, for awakening the feelings of beauty, for developing creative imagination, is art itself,” pointed out the scientist-psychologist N.E. Rumyantsev.
4. Literature
1. Nazarenko-Krivosheina E.P. Are you beautiful, man? - M .: Mol. guard, 1987.
2. Nezhnov G.G. Art in our life. - M., "Knowledge", 1975
3. Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics. - M .: Art, 1984.
8. Solntsev N.V. Legacy and time. M., 1996.
9. For the preparation of this work, materials from Internet sites were used.
No matter how complex and unpredictable our life is, there are always moments and events that decorate it and make it beautiful. We always try to strive for the best, for something good. Living, loving, doing something useful for yourself and society is wonderful. The role of art is as important as life itself. Everything that surrounds us is a kind of art.
Even in ancient times, our ancestors tried to depict on the walls, pieces of leather, stones, some pictures, events of their lives, battles, hunting. At that time, they did not even suspect that their attempts would bring a lot of new knowledge for humanity in the future. Their sculptures, utensils, weapons, clothes are of great importance, thanks to these finds we know the history of the development of our ancestors. Then they had no idea that everything they do is art, and that the role of art in human life will be very great.
Cultural development, morality contribute different directions arts (the essence of which is to show and teach the real and beautiful world). With the help of music, poetry of professionals and amateurs, we can learn the aesthetic perception of our world. Therefore, the role of art in human life is simply huge!
Artists, sculptors, poets, musicians, and every person who tries to convey through their creativity the perception and their vision of something special that surrounds us, occupies an important place in the cultural development of mankind. Even Small child Having made his first drawing, appliqué or handicraft, he already touched the world of art to some extent. At an older age, being a teenager, his tastes in choosing a style of clothing, preferences in music, books and his perception of life are formed. Worldview and aesthetic taste line up in a logical chain in direct contact with works of art, but only personal assessment affects the choice and formation of taste. Therefore, it is necessary to more often encounter the world of art and real masterpieces.
The role of art in human life is so great that, once having mastered the habit of visiting museums and art galleries, reading interesting books, poetry, you will want to touch the spiritual and historical world, get acquainted with new and interesting people, to know the artistic creations of other peoples, to get acquainted with their history and culture. All this brings diversity and bright colors into our lives, contributes to the desire to live better, more interesting. There is a lot of spiritual wealth around us and the role of art in modern world occupies not the last place. Having touched the beautiful, a person tries to bring as many beautiful things into his life as possible, strives for the perfection of his body and speech, correct behavior and communication with other people. Studying and communicating with art, there is a desire to come up with something new and original, I want to create and invent.
RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF TOURISM
VOLOKOLAMSK INSTITUTE OF HOSPITALITY
Department of Natural, Humanitarian and Social Sciences
__________________________________________
Name of the discipline
TOPIC: The place and role of art in society
Completed by: Ishbekova E.I.
Form of study: part-time
Course 1st group _______
Checked _________________
F. i. about. teacher
Volokolamsk 2008
Introduction. 3
Chapter 1. Art in the space of culture.. 4
1.1 Origin of art. 5
1.2 Art and other forms of culture.. 7
1.3 The nature of the artistic image. 9
1.4 Types of art. ten
Chapter 2. Art as the creation of aesthetic values. 13
2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society. 13
2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century. fourteen
Conclusion. eighteen
References.. 19
Introduction
The purpose of this essay is to be able to understand, in essence, the laws of functioning and the social role of art, acquaintance with which is essential condition spiritual development of man.
The formation of personality in all the versatility of its cultural development, professionalism, conscious discipline, high morality is both the goal of culture and an indispensable condition for cultural progress.
Art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture in which it is created and to which it belongs and holistically represents.
The study of the art of different peoples and different eras, provided that its essence is understood, makes it possible to understand the general character of the respective cultures.
The abstract attempts to determine the place of art in the space of culture, to give an idea of the types of art, the nature of the artistic image.
Chapter 1. Art in the space of culture
The essence of artistic culture lies in the fact that the creator (professional, amateur, folk craftsman), thanks to his developed feelings, figuratively cognizes and figuratively models some fragment of reality, and then conveys this to the viewer or listener in an aesthetically expressive form. Artistic culture covers the entire population. So, many people in their youth write poetry and music, draw, some continue to do this throughout their lives. But only what is created outstanding masters his business in the field of artistic activity, is preserved for centuries as having the highest value for society and constitutes art. Art is a part of artistic culture, its pinnacle.
In artistic creativity, the spiritual and material penetrate each other, form something third, they are not just combined, as in the spheres of material and spiritual production, but are mutually identified: for example, a table as a utilitarian, material object can be made of wood, metal, plastic. However, it is impossible to imagine "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" by V. Mukhina made of wood or the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin made of concrete. This spiritual and material integrity, indivisibility is called artistry. This is thinking in the material, through color, word, sound, movement. The content contained in a work of art cannot be conveyed without loss by means of another type of art or simply "retell" in a different way.
The necessity and importance of studying art and its role in the life of society is explained by the fact that art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture (say, primitive, medieval, etc.) in which it is created, to which it belongs and which it holistically represents. Art has a structure similar to culture, as it figuratively reveals what links culture with nature, society and man. Thus, the study of the art of different peoples and different eras allows us to understand the general character of the respective cultures.
The word "art" has many meanings. As artistic creativity, it is delimited from art in the broader sense of the word (skill, skill, craft - the skill of a carpenter, doctor, etc.). It would be more correct to call artistic activity and what is its result - a work of art - art.
Art is creative. Creativity is an initiative spiritualized activity of people and their groups in the name of preserving and strengthening existing values, and most importantly, in the name of enriching them. Creativity is present in almost all forms of human activity - up to everyday communication. But the creative impulses and abilities of people are most fully realized in the spheres of socially significant activity: scientific, industrial, state-political, philosophical and, of course, artistic. It is no coincidence that art is called artistic creativity.
1.1 Origins of art
The problem of the origin of art remains open and relevant to the present. AT modern science The most reasonable is the idea that art arises in primitive society as a socially determined way of human activity, with the help of which people sought to solve some practical problems of their lives. Undoubtedly important role labor (labor theory) played a role in the origin of art. It was he who provided a person with material means for the realization of his ideas: the improvement of hands, the appearance of speech. According to archaeological data, the origin of primitive art takes place 45-40 thousand years ago, when the Homo Sapiens species was formed.
The appearance of art is associated with magical and mythological ideas. Mythological and magical images were the main content of ritual actions, rock art, sculptures. Rituals provided the best labor activity, good hunting. People drew, danced, sang because they considered these actions to be conducive to success in their daily affairs in their relationship with natural forces.
Primitive art was undeveloped and interacted in unity with other forms of material and spiritual activity. Mythological, practical and game aspects coexisted in it - painting, music, word, dance were not separated; there was no separation between creators and consumers of art in antiquity. Gradually, art emerges from this unity as an independent sphere of spiritual activity. In the magical rituals of ancient people, of course, there is a game beginning.
Art has a huge and good power of influencing the spiritual life of the individual, society, humanity. Romantic thinkers often even exaggerated the possibilities and social role of artistic activity, put art above other forms of culture, including science and philosophy.
Art, whose significance for mankind is enormous and unique, at the same time does not need a hierarchical elevation above other forms of human activity, it is in a number of equal facets of culture (science, philosophy, morality, politics, moral and practical consciousness, personal communication and etc.).
1.2 Art and other forms of culture
The place, role, significance of art in different socio-historical situations was understood in different ways. It often happened that art was understood as a subordinate, service phenomenon: in relation to the state (the aesthetics of Plato), to religion and morality (the Middle Ages as the era of the domination of the church), to the givens of reason (the rationalism of classicism and enlightenment), to the official political ideology (30 -50s in the USSR). These opinions are one-sided and historically exhausted. Over time, it became clearer that art has independence (albeit relative) from other phenomena. public life that it has its own purpose.
Thinkers and artists of the era of romanticism said that art has a huge and good power to influence the spiritual life of the individual, society, humanity. Romantic thinkers often even exaggerated the possibilities and social role of artistic activity, put art above other forms of culture, including science and philosophy.
Certainly, the truth lies in the middle. Art, whose significance for mankind is enormous and unique, at the same time does not need a hierarchical elevation above other forms of human activity, it is in a number of equal facets of culture (science, philosophy, morality, politics, moral and practical consciousness, personal communication and etc.).
Thus, art interacts with politics: we all know the times of cruel control and censorship in the field of art, the dominance of ideological attitudes dictated by the authorities in it, which, of course, limits or nullifies the freedom of the creator.
There is a point of view that proclaims the absolute autonomy of art from other spheres of culture (especially from politics, ideology, social life). It is implemented in the slogans " pure art or "art for art's sake".
Art and religion. There are entire periods in history in relation to which one can speak of the complete subordination of art to religious outlook. This is the art of the Middle Ages, Buddhist and Muslim art. At religious art its features: it is symbolic, canonical, most often impersonal.
A characteristic example of religious art and its features is the Russian Orthodox icon, in the creation of which, as believers believe, God leads the hand of the icon painter. This entails an indifferent attitude towards a particular author of the work.
In icon painting, the desire is organically realized in earthly images, material resources convey beyond reality. Each type of icon ("Hodegetria the Mother of God", "Transfiguration", "Annunciation", etc.) is built according to established canons, most of which in Russia date back to Byzantine models.
An icon-painting work, unlike the work of a secular painter, becomes not a reflection real world, but a symbol, a sign through which a person comes into contact with God. The "dissimilarity" of the world on the icon and the real world is deliberate, because the icon is a symbol of the eternal, heavenly world.
The connection between art and philosophy is very deep: art, like philosophy, is the self-awareness of culture. Worldview, philosophy of a certain era are reflected in art and symbolized by it. This is especially noticeable in the practice of modernism at the beginning of the 20th century. AT Russia XIX centuries, literary works often not only raised philosophical questions, but also formed a picture of the world, philosophical system(So, for example, we can talk about the philosophy of F.M. Dostoevsky, which is captured in his works of art).
Art and technology also interact, which is especially evident in our time (photography, cinema, television, stage, etc. can serve as examples). Thus, the theater today is not only the play of actors and the work of the director, but also light musical arrangement performance.
1.3 The nature of the artistic image
An artistic image is something new that did not exist in nature. "AT work of art, - wrote V. Korolenko, - we have a world reflected, refracted, perceived by the human soul. The most important feature of the artistic image is that it expresses the emotional and value attitude to the object. Knowledge about the object serves in it only as a background against which the experiences associated with this object emerge.
Consequently, with the help of figurative and expressive means, the author must not only tell about the event, but inspire the audience with the experiences, impressions associated with it, i.e. an artistic image is created with the active participation of the imagination. The artist's imagination is not only a psychological stimulus for his work, but also a certain reality present in the work.
Another important feature of the artistic image is its conventionality. But not photographic, not illusory, not naturalism in the image - the primary tasks of artistic creativity. Goethe said that if an artist very much seems to draw a poodle, then one can rejoice at the appearance of another dog, but not a work of art.
It should be added that artistic images created by art often become generally accepted cultural symbols, such as Hamlet, Othello, Faust, Oblomov, Manilov, etc.
1.4 Arts
The division of art forms is carried out on the basis of elementary, external, formal features of works. Hegel singled out and characterized five so-called great arts. These are architecture, sculpture, painting, music, poetry. Along with them, there are dance and pantomime (the art of body movement), as well as stage direction - the art of creating a chain of mise-en-scenes (in the theater) and shots (in the cinema): here the material carrier of imagery is spatial compositions replacing each other in time.
Architecture, arts and crafts, sculpture, painting and graphics are spatial arts. All of them operate with volume-plastic materials in three-dimensional or two-dimensional space. They are also called plastic arts. They differ from each other in sign nature.
The architectural arts (architecture, arts and crafts, design) do not depict anything concretely; the artistic image is built in them in a non-pictorial way. Thoughts, feelings, moods of people, therefore, they convey in an indirect, associative way.
Sculpture, painting and graphics are fine arts, in which the principle of creation art form is built on the image (with the help of lines, a colorful spot, volume, etc.) Important: they depict not the impressions of objects (as, for example, literature), but the likeness of the objects themselves in their visible existence.
Architecture, to a greater extent than other arts, is associated with utilitarian forms of human activity. The definition of the essence of architecture is well known: strength, usefulness and beauty. This truth remains unshakable to this day.
Sculpture is a type of fine art, the works of which are voluminous, have three-dimensional shape. Since ancient times, the very activity of the sculptor was perceived as an act of creation, similar to the biblical one. In the work of the sculptor, the thought is not separated from the material, giving rise to an image as a created spatial reality.
Painting is one of the main and ancient species visual arts. It was most fully developed with the spread of technology. oil painting(XV century). The scope of painting, compared with sculpture, is undoubtedly wider. It is not only limited artistic image living beings, in its power to convey almost any phenomenon, almost the entire visible world. On the canvas, you can capture a large-scale battle, and a sunset over the lake, and a look full of joy.
Graphics is the most paradoxical of all types of fine arts. On the one hand, this kind of art is very democratic. We come across works of graphic art literally at every step (books, posters, newspapers, advertisements, packaging, etc.) But at the same time, this is the most mass art is elitist, as very few connoisseurs understand graphics, understand it and know how to appreciate it.
Usually, when talking about graphics, they indicate that this is the art of black and white (a black line on a white surface). But at the same time, one can say that in some book there are bright, multi-colored illustrations.
Temporal arts in the system of artistic culture are literature and music, those types of art whose works unfold in time.
The art of the word is practically omnipotent in its pictorial and expressive possibilities, while painting and music one-sidedly reflect the visible and audible aspect of being. Since language is the main means of human communication, literature seems to be the simplest and most accessible art form.
The word does not exhaust the image, it serves only as a material basis, behind which the verbal-figurative meaning is hidden. With the help of the word, it is possible to recreate not only the visually perceived reality, but also what is available to other senses - hearing, touch, smell. With the help of a word, you can convey the emotional, intellectual state of a person.
Traditionally, there are three genres in literature: epic, lyrical and dramatic.
Music is an art form that reflects reality and influences a person through meaningful and specially organized sound effects. Music is a specific kind of sound activity of people. With other varieties, such as speech, it is united by the ability to express thoughts, emotions and volitional processes of a person in an audible form and serve as a means of communicating people and controlling their behavior.
Except listed species arts, the performing arts are also singled out in the system of artistic culture. This is pantomime and dance, circus and theater, cinema and stage. Their artistic material is objective, included in the spatial environment and works only in this environment. But at the same time, it is not static, but lives in time, develops, transforms, and changes. Existing in the space of the stage, arena, screen, these arts, at the same time, are presented to the public, focused on visual perception, which allows them to be also called spectacular arts.
The performing arts are synthetic in nature. They combine both opposite and similar arts in their characteristics. Thus, for example, the theater combines the art of the word and pantomime on the stage; in addition, acting on stage is surrounded and supported by architecture, music, and painting.
Chapter 2. Art as the Creation of Aesthetic Values
2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society
Art performs a number of functions, various researchers number up to ten or twenty of them. And yet the most important, specific function of art is artistic, which lies in its ability to holistic concrete-sensual reflection of life and holistic influence on spiritual world person. Art is primarily an aesthetic phenomenon. Its sphere is the creation by the creative effort of a person of a work intended for aesthetic perception, for the perception of beauty.
Art is directly related to the creation, accumulation, transfer of values, not material values, but spiritual ones. Value is something that has a positive value. It can be a real-life object or a metaphysical principle, conceivable and imaginary.
Values play the role of guidelines in people's lives. Ideas about values are historically changeable. In European antiquity, for example, beauty, proportion, truth were revered as the highest blessings, in the Christian world - faith, hope, love. In the era of rationalism, the status highest value gains intelligence.
We learn from art eternal values thanks to which art educates our morality. It orients itself and orients itself towards them, comprehends and illuminates reality in relation to them. Artistic values- able to have an uplifting effect on the feelings, will and mind of people. These are perfect creations of art, necessary for each of us for a full-fledged spiritual existence, successful activities of people in various fields.
Spiritual development of works of art is one of the highest human needs. Artistic need is inherent in all people who have reached the level of conscious being. The artist, however, is eminently endowed with such a need.
The aesthetic experience of mankind, rich and diverse today, has been formed over thousands of years.
The value of the aesthetic in the life of each person, and humanity as a whole, is enormous. Aesthetic emotions are able to acquire scale and mark some upsurges of the spirit, stellar moments in the history of mankind.
Thanks to aesthetic experiences, the unity of people with the good and universal principles of being is strengthened. Aesthetic emotions give a person the opportunity to gain spiritual freedom.F. Schiller argued that beauty opens the way for a person to perfection and harmony, to the harmony of sensual and spiritual forces.
2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century
At the beginning of the 20th century, an aesthetic revolution took place in the world, the connection of which with the social upheavals of that time is obvious. The classical visual system ceased to work where the very picture of the world lost its clear outlines. The ideology, the way of life of people, its rhythm has changed. Scientific and technological progress also unrecognizably transforms human society. At the beginning of the century, mass standardized production arises, the tastes and preferences of people change more and more, which ultimately leads to the spread of mass culture and mass art. The mass consumer, mass consciousness, mass culture enter the historical stage.
So, in the twentieth century. the nature of artistic creativity is changing radically, and this is primarily due to the practice of modernism (avant-garde) and postmodernism. The art of the previous time was perceived as an extremely serious activity. It claimed no less than the mission of the savior of the human race (which was especially clearly manifested in the aesthetic views of the romantics). Modern art, on the one hand, feels the structurelessness and inexpressibility of modern realities, on the other hand, the artist's desire to rise above the fight, to turn chaos into order, remains irresistible.
Modernism was built on the negation of previous art, but at the same time it was a throw into the future, it developed an adequate artistic image of the era. It was "modernity's reworking of its own meaning."
Modernism is associated with the departure of culture from realism, with the proclamation of the independence of art from reality. Modernist (avant-garde) artists experiment with artistic material, create a new style, language, content in the fine arts.
The art of the twentieth century is becoming more and more complicated. The absence of stable stylistic trends (such as classicism, romanticism, etc. in previous eras), noticeable since the beginning of the 20th century, often makes the very process of artistic contact very problematic.
The growth of the education of the population led to the invasion of the masses into art, as a result of which, in the 20th century, works began to be oriented towards certain segments of consumers - a highly erudite elite and a not too literate mass audience. This is how elite and mass culture (respectively, high and mass art) spread.
The division of culture into a culture for all and a culture for the elite has existed for a long time. Priests and shamans already in ancient times constituted the cultural elite. When writing arose, there was a line between culture educated people and folk culture (folklore).
Folk culture and folk art reflect the highest spiritual, emotionally experienced and fixed in the feelings and tastes of a person’s state and his satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the world, the desire to harmonize relations with him, embodies perfect performances wt. Exactly at folk culture ideas are formed about good and evil, about a hero and a villain, about beautiful and terrible, etc.
An elite culture is created by a privileged part of society or by its order by professional creators. It includes fine arts, classical music, and literature. High culture is difficult for the unprepared person to understand. The circle of its consumers is a highly educated part of society (critics, writers, regular visitors to museums, theatergoers, artists, etc.), that is, specialists in some area of high culture.
Classical, high or elite art, as time has shown, is the foundation on which values are created and will continue to be created, replenishing the spiritual arsenal of mankind.
Unlike elite culture, which requires a serious intellectual and spiritual readiness for its development, mass culture is perceived as effortless, a natural phenomenon, over which one does not have to rack one's brains and experience emotional shock.
Mass art endlessly replicates surrogates and fakes, which dulls the taste of the public. As examples of mass art, one can cite pop art, clip culture, the fashion industry, certain genres of cinema and television art (melodrama, action movie, etc.)
Mass culture was, is and will always be. The amount of information contained in contemporary culture, unexplained. Works that are deep in content are often difficult to perceive and require considerable effort, emotional and intellectual, to master. Contemporary art has also become extremely complex.
Of course, high art and mass art are oriented toward the primary satisfaction of people's various needs. So, mass art is aimed primarily at satisfying recreational and compensatory needs with the unconditional implementation of its individual works and other functions, while high art - a repository of aesthetic values created by mankind - is a source of satisfaction for the very a wide range human needs (cognitive, educational, social, etc.).
Conclusion
Thus, art cannot be considered an optional addition to the more essential goods and needs of people. It plays a huge role in the life of human society, ensuring the creation, accumulation and transmission of spiritual experience and aesthetic values from generation to generation, from person to person, from culture to culture. Art is a kind of mirror and self-consciousness of any culture, which reflects its essential features. Mastering works of art, a person socializes, learns the world, its past, present and future, learns to comprehend the emotional and intellectual world of another. The need for art never leaves a person; even in the most difficult historical moments he experiences it. Refusal of artistic activity is able to return a person to a primitive state, disregard for high culture and its values can and does lead to a decline in morality and, as a result, rampant crime, drug addiction, etc. phenomena. And the cultural policy of any state should provide support for high art, which is going through hard times in the conditions of the market.
Bibliography
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2. E.G. Borisova - Culture, its importance in human life and society, Ulyanovsk, 2004
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