How many peoples live in the Russian Federation. The peoples of Russia: list and number

The territory of the Russian Federation is diverse and large. In its open spaces there is a multifaceted beautiful nature and miracles that man has created. In addition, on the territory of big country reside peoples of different nationalities. And this is the greatest wealth of a hospitable amazing state.

Everyone knows that many peoples live on the territory of Russia: Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Udmurts. But are there other nations in the country? After all, little-known peoples with a small number of people live for centuries in distant corners of the country. They are very interesting for their culture and traditions.

Approximately 80% of the total population are Russians. Very large full list the entire ethnic composition of the country. There is evidence that more than 200 nations live on the territory of Russia. This information was collected in 2010. The most common nations, with more than 1 million, are:

1. Tatars. Their number is approximately 3.8% of the total population of the country. They have their own regions of greatest distribution and own language communication. The composition includes several nationalities: Astrakhan, Crimean, Siberian and Volga-Ural Tatars. Most of them live in the Volga region.
2. Ukrainians make up about 2% of the total number of peoples living in Russia. Based on some reference materials, the word "outskirts" served as the basis for such an ethnic name. Ukrainians who live in the country honor their traditions and celebrate all holidays based on their customs. At the same time they wear National costumes with black and red embroidery. Embroidery may be different. colors, but these two colors are the main ones.
3. Bashkirs. Their number is approximately 1.2%. Most people of this nation live in the territories of Tyumen, Altai, Kursk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg regions of the Russian Federation. To date, there is no exact data on the origin of the name of the nationality. The most common interpretations are: brother-in-law of the Ugrians, a separate people, head wolf. In total, you can count about 40 interpretations. The culture of this ethnic group is notable for their ditties, fairy tales and songs.
4. Chuvash. This nationality occupies 1.1% of the total population of the country. The largest number of them live in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Samara and other regions, as well as in Tatarstan. Their main occupation today is agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts. Their culture is amazing and beautiful. They have their own ancient mythology which is still developing today. Diverse and National clothes.
5. Chechens make up about 0.9% of the total population of the country. This nationality is one of the most severe in the country. They are hardy, brave and witty. Their songs are special in that they show a deep, incomparable homesickness. There are many exile motifs in their songs and poetry. No other folklore has such poetry. The similarity of the Chechen ethnic group with the Lezgin and Circassian is noticeable. This is explained by the fact that they all belong to the Caucasian nationality.
6. Armenians. This nationality in the population of the Russian Federation is 0.8%. Their culture is very ancient. Its roots can be traced back to Greek culture. They are very hospitable and cheerful. Music appeared before our era. Today there are many singers who have Armenian roots. Their national clothes are distinguished by pretentiousness and luxury.

small nations

Russians know a lot about the peoples who live on their territory. home country with a population of over 1 million. But there are also small peoples, which you may not even hear about in your whole life.

1. For many centuries, ethnic groups with the names Mordovians and Mari have lived in the Volga-Vyatka region.
2. There are many Nenets, Saami, Komi and Karelians in the Seversky district.
3. Udmurts and Komi-Permyaks live in the Urals.
4. In the Volga region - Kalmyks and Kazakhs.
5. Western Siberia is the homeland for the Shors, Khanty, Mansi, Altaians, and Selkups.
6. Eastern Siberia - for Evenks, Dolgans, Khakasses, Buryats, Tuvans.
7. Orochs, Nanais, Udeges, Evens, Koryaks, Yakuts and other nations live in the Far East, the number of which is small.

A feature of small peoples is the preservation and reverence to this day of their pagan ancient beliefs. They follow animism - the animation of animals and natural objects, as well as shamanism - they believe in people who communicate with spirits.

Census data

A pan-European population census was carried out in 2002. The data that was collected included information about technical component of the population countries. It was at that moment that I received interesting information about what kind of peoples live on the territory of Russia and in what quantity.

Based on the census data, it can be noted that representatives of 160 different nationalities live on the territory of the Russian Federation. Compared to European countries, this figure is huge. Since approximately 10 nationalities live in European countries. Russia's indicators are also high on a global scale.

A similar census was also conducted in 1989. At that time, a list of 129 nationalities was compiled. Experts believe that such a difference in indicators may be due to the fact that a person independently determines which ethnic group he belongs to. This opportunity appeared to people in 1926. Previously, based on geopolitical factors, different nationalities living in Russia considered themselves Russians.

Dynamics of the ratio of nationalities

Experts report that demographic studies have revealed the following fact: in last years the number of Ukrainians living in the territory of the Russian Federation has decreased three times, and the number of Belarusians and Mordovians has also decreased.

But the number of Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, Chechens and Armenians has increased. Some of these ethnic groups numbered over 1 million.

It is believed that several factors influence the dynamics in the ratio of nationalities:

1. The birth rate has dropped. This affected the entire country.
2. Emigration.

Many Jews and Russian Germans left Russia.

But among the small indigenous peoples, there is a positive trend. Their numbers for recent decades increased.

Construction of a common house

Since ancient times, the history of Russian statehood began. This is the process of forming a social organism on a vast area. The social organism includes a large number of nationalities of diverse composition. The qualitative composition of a multinational education was largely determined by the quantitative predominance of Russians. The real Russian mentality is inherent in natural tolerance, formed from the habit of living with neighbors in peace.

The imperial policy of expanding the territory also played significant role. She united in single state a huge number of nations, each of which has its own culture, language and customs.

The respectful attitude of Russians towards life position other peoples was the basis of state unity. You can understand how many nationalities there are in Russia by the variety of traditions, costumes and languages.

Ethnicity

The desire to realize one's position in society, belonging to certain religious, educational, professional, cultural, language groups characteristic of man. Nationality is one of the main categories of stratification of society, and division according to ethnicity is one of the most common and important. Calls for a return to the roots, as well as the search for national roots, are characteristic of even the most educated and advanced sections of society.

The desire for national identity often takes the form of a fashion fad, a fad, or chauvinism and xenophobia to please the political needs of the moment. Such a factor has always been fraught with a serious danger, given the number of nations living on the territory of Russia.

But still there is hope for the rationality of man. After all, a consciously rare nationality can call for the destruction of a foreign culture or demonstrate intolerance towards foreign customs and traditions.

Fifth column

The Soviet passport had a mandatory item about belonging to a particular ethnic group. In the questionnaires of the Russian Social Democratic Party, even before the revolution, the column "nationality" was introduced at the direction of the leader Lenin.

Stalin became a faithful successor of this national policy. His goal was to hide inter-ethnic problems, not taking into account the diversity of nationalities and nationalities in Russia. He could create artificial formations such as autonomous republics, complex in composition, or evict entire peoples from their usual places.

With the collapse of the USSR, this approach gave rise to huge problems in the form of interethnic conflicts. Armed forces were used very often.

The Soviet document flow made the state bureaucracy a powerful force. With such a workflow, it was easier to take into account the number of nationalities. There were also nationalities that were not included in the approved list and were considered non-existent (Finno-Ugric groups).

Modern views on national self-consciousness are in the nature of approaching a certain person, who makes a conclusion about belonging to an ethnic group independently, based on cultural and linguistic preferences.

indigenous peoples

Another type of statistical data showing the number of nationalities in Russia divides them into three subgroups:

1. The ethnic groups are large. Most of them live on the territory of the Russian state, forming national-administrative units. But a smaller number of such peoples live outside the Russian state. This subgroup includes Kalmyks, Yakuts, Komi, Chuvash, Tatars, Russians and others. IN total There are approximately 100 nationalities.
2. Peoples of neighboring countries. These include the peoples of the former Soviet republics - Kazakhs, Armenians, Belarusians, Ukrainians and others who were part of the USSR.
3. A few representatives of the peoples (by number), most of whom live outside the Russian state: Vietnamese, Chinese, Hungarians, Romanians and others.

The total number of the second and third subgroups depends on the calculation method and ranges from 60-90. These statistics show how many peoples and nationalities in the Russian state, whose representatives belong to a foreign ethnic group.

Greater number people living on the territory of the Russian state consider themselves Russian - 111 million (81%). In addition, there are nationalities whose number of people exceeds 1 million. These include:

1. Tatars - 3.72% (5.3 million).
2. Ukrainians - 1.35% (1.92 million).
3. Bashkirs - 1.11% (1.58 million).
4. Chuvash - 1.01% (1.43 million).
5. Chechens - 1.0% (1.41 million).
6. Armenians - 0.83% (1.1 million).

Video

You will learn interesting and informative information about the ethnic and linguistic composition of the population of our country from this video.

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IN modern world Russia is largest country, which occupies a vast area - more than seventeen thousand square kilometers. Two continents divide it into parts - European and Asian. Each of them is larger in territory than many of the not-so-small states of the Earth.

In terms of population, however, our country is only in ninth place. The number of Russians today does not even reach one hundred and fifty million people. The problem is that most of the country's territory lies under the deserted steppes and taiga, for example, these are the most remote regions of Siberia.

However, this is offset by the number of peoples living here. So it was predetermined by the past. Historically, Russia is a multinational state, which it has become by absorbing neighboring nations, attracting outsiders with large territories and riches. According to official data, almost two hundred peoples now live in the Russian state, differing sharply in number: from Russians (more than one hundred and ten million people) to Kereks (less than ten representatives).

How many of us?

How many peoples live on the territory of Russia? How to find out? The leading sources of useful information about the population of our country are statistical censuses, regularly conducted in recent years. At the same time, according to modern methods and according to democratic approaches, the data of the nationality of the inhabitants of Russia by origin are not noted in the documents, which is why the digital material for the census appeared on the basis of the self-identification of Russians.

In total, in recent years, a little more than 80% of the country's citizens declared themselves Russians by nationality, only 19.1% remained for representatives of other peoples. Almost six million census participants could not single out their nationality at all or defined it in the form fantastic people(elves, for example).

Summing up the final calculations, it should be noted that the total number of the peoples of the country who do not consider themselves to be the Russian population did not exceed twenty-five million citizens.

This suggests that the ethnic composition of the Russian population is very complex and requires constant special attention. On the other hand, there is one large ethnic group that serves as a kind of core for the entire system.

Ethnic composition

The basis of the national composition of Russia is, of course, the Russians. This people comes by their own historical roots from Eastern Slavs who lived on the territory of Rus' since ancient times. A significant part of Russians exist, of course, in Russia, but there are large strata in a number of former Soviet republics, in the USA. This is the most significant European ethnic group. Today, more than one hundred and thirty-three million Russians live in the world.

Russians are the titular people of our country, their representatives dominate in a significant number of regions of modern Russian state. Of course, this led to side effects. The spread of this nation over several centuries over a vast territory in the course of historical development led to the formation of dialects, as well as separate ethnic groups. For example, Pomors live on the coast of the White Sea, making up the sub-ethnos of local Karelians and Russians who came in the past.

Among the more complex ethnic associations, groups of peoples can be noted. The largest group of peoples are the Slavs, mainly from the eastern subgroup.

In the aggregate, representatives of nine large language families live in Russia, strongly diverging in language, culture, and way of life. With the exception of the Indo-European family, they are mostly of Asian origin.

This is the approximate ethnic composition of the Russian population today according to official data. What can be said for sure is that our country is distinguished by a significant diversity of nationalities.

The largest peoples of Russia

Nationalities living in Russia are quite clearly divided into numerous and small. The first include, in particular:

• Russian inhabitants of the country number (according to the latest census) more than one hundred and ten million people.
• Tatars of several groups, reaching 5.4 million people.
• Ukrainians, numbering two million people. The main part of the Ukrainian people lives on the territory of Ukraine; in Russia, representatives of this people appeared in the course of historical development in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern periods.
• Bashkirs, another nomadic people in the past. Their number is 1.6 million people.
• Chuvash, residents of the Volga region - 1.4 million.
• Chechens, one of the peoples of the Caucasus - 1.4 million, etc.

There are other peoples with a similar number that have played an important role in the past and, possibly, the future of the country.

Small peoples of Russia

How many peoples live on the territory of Russia from among the small ones? There are many such ethnic groups in the country, but they are poorly represented in the total volume, since they are very small in number. To these national groups belong to the peoples of the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan groups. Particularly small are the Kereks (a tiny people - only four people), the Vod people (sixty-four people), the Enets (two hundred and seventy-seven people), the Ults (almost three hundred people), the Chulyms (a little more than three and a half hundred), the Aleuts (almost five hundred) , Negidals (slightly more than five hundred), Orochi (almost six hundred). For all of them, the problem of survival is the most acute and everyday issue.

Map of the peoples of Russia

In addition to the strong dispersion in the number of national composition of Russia and the inability of many ethnic groups in modern times to maintain their numbers on their own, there is also the problem of distribution on the territory of the country. The population of Russia is settled very heterogeneously, which is caused primarily by economic motives both in the historical past and in the present.

The bulk is located in the area between the Baltic St. Petersburg, Siberian Krasnoyarsk, the Black Sea Novorossiysk and the Far Eastern Primorsky Territory, where all the big cities lie. The reasons for this are a good climate and a favorable economic background. To the north of this territory is permafrost caused by eternal cold, and to the south - vast expanses of lifeless desert.

In terms of population density, Siberia has received one of the last places in the modern world. Its vast territory has less than 30 million inhabitants permanently. This is only 20% of the total population of the country. While in its vast area, Siberia reaches three-quarters of the expanses of Russia. The most densely populated areas are Derbent - Sochi and Ufa - Moscow.

In the Far East, a significant population density runs along the length of the entire Trans-Siberian route. Increased population density rates are also distinguished in the region of the Kuznechny coal basin. All these areas attract Russians with their economic and natural wealth.

The largest peoples of the country: Russians, to a lesser extent Tatars and Ukrainians - are mainly located in the south-west of the state. Ukrainians today are mostly located on the territory of the Chukotka Peninsula and in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, in the distant Magadan region.

Other small peoples of the Slavic ethnic group, such as Poles and Bulgarians, do not create large compact groups and are scattered throughout the country. Enough compact group The Polish population is located only in the Omsk region.

Tatars

The number of Tatars living in Russia, as noted above, has exceeded the level of three percent of the total Russian population. About a third of them live compactly in the region of the Russian Federation called the Republic of Tatarstan. Group settlements exist in the regions of the Volga region, in the far north, and so on.

A significant part of the Tatars are supporters of Sunni Islam. Separate groups Tatars have linguistic differences, culture and way of life. Common language is within Turkic group languages ​​of the Altaic language family, it has three dialects: Mishar (Western), the more common Kazan (Middle), and a slightly distant Siberian-Tatar (Eastern). In Tatarstan, this language appears as an official one.

Ukrainians

One of the numerous East Slavic peoples is the Ukrainians. More than forty million Ukrainians live in their historical homeland. In addition, significant diasporas exist not only in Russia, but also in Europe and America.

Ukrainians living in Russia, including migrant workers, make up about five million people. A significant number of them are in cities. Particularly large groups of this ethnic group are located in the capital, in the oil and gas-bearing regions of Siberia, the Far North, and so on.

Belarusians

IN modern Russia Belarusians, taking into account their total number in the world, make up a large number. As the 2010 re-pi-s of the Russian na-se-le-niya shows, there are a little more than half a million Belarusians living in Russia. A significant proportion of be-lo-ru-sovs is located in the capitals, as well as in a number of re-gi-o-news, for example, in Karelia, the Kaliningrad region.

In the pre-revolutionary years, a large number of Belarusians moved to Siberia and Far East, later there were national administrative units. By the end of the eighties, there were more than one million Belarusians in the territory of the RSFSR. Today their number has halved, but it is obvious that the Belarusian stratum in Russia will be preserved.

Armenians

There are quite a lot of Armenians living in Russia, however, according to various sources, their number diverges. Thus, according to the 2010 census, there were a little more than one million people in Russia, that is, less than one percent of the total population. According to the assumptions of the Armenian public organizations, the number of the Armenian stratum in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century exceeded two and a half million people. And Russian President V.V. Putin, speaking about the number of Armenians in Russia, voiced the figure of three million people.

In any case, the Armenians play serious role in public and cultural life Russia. Thus, Armenians work in the Russian government (Chilingarov, Bagdasarov, etc.), in show business (I. Allegrova, V. Dobrynin, etc.), and in other areas of activity. There are regional organizations of the Union of Armenians of Russia in sixty-three regions of Russia.

Germans

The Germans living in Russia are representatives of an ethnic group that has experienced a controversial and in some ways even tragic history. Massive migrants in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by invitation Russian government, they mainly settled in the Volga region, western and southern provinces Russian Empire. Life on good lands was free, but in the twentieth century historical events hurt the Germans. First the First World War, then the Great Patriotic War led to mass repression. In the fifties and eighties of the last century, the history of this ethnic group was hushed up. It is not for nothing that in the nineties a mass migration of Germans began, the number of which, according to some reports, barely exceeds the number of half a million.

True, in recent years, episodic re-evacuation from Europe to Russia has begun, but so far it has not reached large scales.

Jews

It is not easy to say how many Jews live in Russia at the present time due to their active migration both to Israel and back to the Russian state. In the historical past, there were many Jews in our country - in Soviet era several million. But with the collapse of the USSR and significant migration to their historical homeland, their number decreased. Now, according to public Jewish organizations, there are approximately one million Jews in Russia, half of them are residents of the capital.

Yakuts

This is a Turkic-speaking rather numerous people, indigenous, adapted to local conditions the population of the region.

How many Yakuts are in Russia? According to the All-Russian census of the domestic population of 2010, there were slightly less than half a million people, mainly in Yakutia and nearby regions. The Yakuts are the most numerous (about half of the population) people and the most significant of the indigenous peoples of Russian Siberia.

In the traditional economy and material culture of this people, there are many close, similar moments with the pastoralists of South Asia. On the territory of the Middle Lena, a variant of the Yakut economy was formed, combining nomadic cattle breeding and the most important extensive types of crafts (meat and fish), suitable for the local one. In the north of the region there is also an original form of draft reindeer herding.

Reasons for resettlement

The history of the ethnic composition of the population of Russia in the course of its development is extremely ambiguous. The accelerated settlement of the Russian state by Ukrainians occurred in the Middle Ages. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, according to the instructions of the state authorities, settlers from the southern lands were sent to the east to develop new territories. After some time, representatives of social strata from different regions began to be sent there.

Representatives of the intelligentsia voluntarily moved to St. Petersburg in an era when this city had the status of the capital of the state. Nowadays, Ukrainians make up the largest population in Russia in terms of the number of people. ethnic group after, of course, the Russians.

At the other extreme are representatives of small nations. Kereks, having the smallest number, are in particular danger. According to the last census, only four representatives remained, although fifty years ago there were only a hundred Kereks. The leading languages ​​for these people are Chukchi and common Russian, native Kerek is found only in the form of an ordinary passive language. Kereks are very close in terms of culture, ordinary daily activities with Chukchi people, because of which they were in constant assimilation with him.

Problems and the future

The ethnic composition of the population of Russia will undoubtedly develop in the future. IN modern conditions the revival of ethnographic traditions and the culture of peoples is clearly visible. However, the development of ethnic groups is experiencing a number of problems:

• poor fertility and the gradual decline of most peoples;
• globalization, and at the same time the influence of the culture and way of life of large peoples (Russian and Anglo-Saxon);
• general problems of the economy, undermining the economic base of the peoples, and so on.

Much in such a situation depends on the national governments themselves, including the Russian one, and on world opinion.

But I want to believe that the small peoples of Russia will continue to develop and increase in the following centuries.

As a child, my mother and I learned Barto's poem. The same one where it was said about twenty-five braids of an Uzbek woman. A Yakut boy was also mentioned there - and it immediately became clear that there were many peoples in the USSR. And I asked myself: what kind of peoples live in modern Russia and how many are there?

How many peoples live in Russia

Even after reading the most important law of our country - the Constitution, one can come across the phrase that The Russian Federation is a multinational country. But the exact number of peoples there, of course, is not indicated.

We can learn it only from the All-Russian census. According to the latest data from 2010, About 190 peoples live on the territory of the country.

However, it should be borne in mind that this number may not be 100% accurate - after all, 7% of the population did not take part in this survey, which means that there may be even more of them.

What peoples live in Russia

It would be too stupid to list such a large list here - it would take a long time to write it, and even more so to read it. But I will list the most numerous nations our country:

Traditions of the peoples of Russia

Each nation has its own traditions features that have evolved over the years.

Everyone remembers the Buranovsky grandmothers who conquered Eurovision? They are representatives Udmurt people. Unusual costumes of performers with beautiful embroidery are traditional for the Udmurts.

At archintsev, living on the territory of Dagestan, There is a funny New Year's tradition. Instead of beads, balls and tinsel, they wrap the Christmas tree in sheepskin coats. And instead of round dances, they dance around the lezginka tree.

Very few Khanty and Mansi tribes remain. Their culture is very closely connected with nature. According to these nationalities, a person should not thoughtlessly take away wealth from nature, he should treat it with respect and care.

To be honest, each of us should learn this.

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I have very beautiful girlfriend with swarthy coppery skin, thick black hair resting on his shoulders, and brown-brown eyes, into which you can look endlessly. Her father is Uzbek, and her mother is Russian. Millions of people live in Russia, identifying themselves as different peoples. representatives every day various peoples in our country we coexist peacefully and develop successfully.

The peoples inhabiting our vast country

Russia is a multinational country, its history is closely intertwined with the history of the peoples inhabiting it, it is a place of unification of hundreds of millions of people with different skin color, body structure, eye color. Tatars coexist with Russians, Mari with Udmurts, Yakuts with Buryats, etc. Our country is literally dotted with numerous nationalities (more than 190), which have their own traditions, customs, spiritual and life principles.

The diversity of the peoples of Russia is determined, first of all, by its long history, as well as a peculiar geographical position, suggesting since ancient times close relationships between peoples.

Some peoples of Russia, rare and interesting

In the Russian Federation, there are quite a lot of peoples with a small number, however, with an exciting and fascinating history filled with ups and downs, misfortunes and joy.

Here are some of them:

• Finns and Ingrian Finns. They live mainly in the Leningrad region, the Republic of Karelia and Western Siberia. During Soviet power many representatives of the people were repressed, and many of them died during the Great Patriotic War.
• Nanais are the indigenous people of Russia, living in the Far East (the banks of the Amur). Nanais are representatives of the Mongoloid race, characterized by narrow almond-shaped eyes and wide beautiful lips. The clothes of the people are distinguished by pretentiousness and bright colors. Personally, I really like her!

• Pomors are small people north of our country, living on the shores of the White Sea. In ancient times, they were famous as excellent sailors who sailed to Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya.

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The Russian Federation is a large state and, at the same time, multinational. I think this is obvious, given the number of countries with which we border, and the geographical position of our state. About 190 peoples live on our territory, and I want to analyze the most interesting of them for me.

Avars as residents of Russia

This people is one of the indigenous in the Caucasus. They live on the territory of Dagestan and in Eastern Georgia. It is considered the most numerous of all the peoples of Dagestan. But why are they called "Avars"? It is believed that in honor of the ancient Avars who lived in this territory in distant years. About 1.2 million representatives live in Russia given people. We can distinguish the main regions in Russia where you can meet the Avars:

• Dagestan;
• Chechnya;
• Kalmykia.

With the territory of settlement, everything is clear, now let's move on to the language. There is a language - Avar, which, in turn, has dialects. Although this people communicates, both in their native language and in Russian.

Russian people - Kabardians

Another interesting people, which is located in the Middle East and on the territory of Russia. The main regions in which this population predominates are Stavropol and Krasnodar region. Kabardino-Circassian can be considered their national language, but they also know our Russian. Large numbers of Kabardians are also found in Turkey (twice as many as in Russia). In our territories, the number of people who belong to the Kabardians is about 515 thousand people.

Mari representatives in Russia

The Mari are a Finno-Ugric people who live in Russia (mainly in the Republic of Mari El). Half of the world's population of this nation is located in our country. Their number is 557 thousand people. The Mari are divided into groups:

• mountainous (left bank of the Volga);
• meadow (Volga-Vyatka interfluve);
• Eastern (immigrants from previous groups).

The main language of communication is Mari and Mountain Mari. By the way, in religious terms, the Mari profess Orthodoxy.

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Every day leaving home and going to work, to the store or just for a walk, I am faced with the fact that a large number of people on the streets of the city have a variety of nationalities. I think you also noticed this feature, especially if, like me, you live in one of the megacities of Russia, for example, in Moscow or St. Petersburg. Today I will try to answer your question: What peoples live in Russia?».

Peoples living in Russia

No wonder they say that Russia is a multinational country I completely agree with this expression. I myself have enough friends and acquaintances, colleagues and even relatives who are representatives of other countries and peoples. The good news is that if you believe their words, then we can conclude that the attitude of the indigenous people towards them in the vast majority of cases is extremely friendly. My Ukrainian neighbor says that he does not feel any sidelong glances at his work even after the conflict between our countries. And this is definitely pleasing, since my personal opinion is that all people, regardless of race or religion, should live in full world and agree, we are people, not savages! I also noticed a trend that people in Lately started actively become friends, and at the present time in one company of people you can often see representatives several nationalities at once.

Representatives of various nations with whom I communicate

Given that the percentage of Russian people living in Russia is about 80%, also lives in our country over 190 other nationalities. I have no desire to once again write out official statistics, I’d rather try to tell by my own example who I personally have to deal with almost every day while living in Moscow.

• Azerbaijanis. Two large wonderful families of this people live in two neighboring apartments on my floor, I often greet and communicate with them.

• Ukrainians. One of my neighbors is Ukrainian, as are five of my colleagues. With all only positive communication.

• Armenians. Extremely pleasant and polite people, who have always been famous for their hospitality.

• Bashkirs. Being classmates in the past, we are still happy to keep in touch.

• Chechens. I have several distant relatives of representatives of this people. We communicate with pleasure.

I want to wish all readers to be wiser and think with their own heads, and not public opinion often imposed on us by politicians. Remember - there are no bad or good people, there are only bad and good people!

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For a long time I lived in the student district of the city of Kuibyshev. (This is the one in Siberia). And during that period, I was surprised by the numerous students with a narrow slit of the eyes. Since I was little and knew only the basics of geography, I called them Chinese. In fact, they were residents of Kazakhstan. Later, having learned about different nationalities, I thought about who else lives in Russia besides Russians.

National composition of the Russian Federation

The abundance of peoples in Russia is associated with a vast territory. The country waged wars, negotiations for hundreds of years, annexed new territories, lost cities. Since then National composition became motley and heterogeneous. In percentage terms, most Russians. Less than half are Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Chechens, Armenians, Kazakhs and others.

Ethnos

All peoples living on the territory of Russia belong to nine language families.

1. indo-european,
2. kartvelian,
3. Ural-Yukaghir,
4. Altai,
5. Eskimo-Aleutian,
6. North Caucasian,
7. Yenisei,
8. Sino-Tibetan,
9. Chukchi-Kamchatka.

These families are divided into innumerable groups. They are often classified according to where they live. Most of the inhabitants of Russia and Europe belong to Indo-European family and the rest are few.

Places of residence of different peoples

Majority Tatars And Chuvash lives in the Volga region, as it was already noted by a previous commenter. Bashkirs are numerous in the Altai Territory, Tyumen. Ukrainians, Belarusians live evenly throughout the territory of Russia, and caucasian peoples live mainly in the southern part of Russia. After the census, it was noticed that there is no city with people of the same nationality in the country. They are all mixed.

Do you know how many nationalities there are in the world? The answer to this question is not as easy as it seems at first glance. There are quite a few contradictions in the understanding of the very term "nationality". What is this? linguistic community? Citizenship? This article will be devoted to bringing some clarity to the problems of the nationalities of the world. And we will also consider which ethnic groups give rise to beauties and attractive men. Naturally, nationalities can disappear, assimilate. Yes, and an individual in our age of globalization can be a product of a mixture of different ethnic groups. And often it is difficult for a person to answer the question of who he is by nationality. But if we talk about large groups of people, then here we can isolate several factors by which ethnicity is determined.

Citizenship and nationality

First, not all powers are monolithic in the ethnic composition of their population. And even if we do not take into account the presence of migrants, the so-called "citizens of the first generation", even then it cannot be said that there are one hundred and ninety-two nationalities of the world. The list of states (namely, how many of them are on the political map) does not give us an idea of ​​the numerous ethnic groups inhabiting these same countries. For example, representatives of more than one hundred and eighty nationalities live in the Russian Federation. And the North and South Korea inhabits one people, separated by a demarcation line due to political strife. There is the concept of "American nation", but it is extremely diverse in ethnic composition. The same can be said about Australia, New Zealand and Canada, whose lands were settled by emigrants from all over the world. At the same time, even in such a seemingly monolithic country as Poland, there are Silesians, Kashubians, Lemkos and other groups.

Language and nationality

One of the markers by which one can determine a person's belonging to a particular people is his language. During the census, this factor is put at the forefront. If we are guided by this marker, then the question of how many nationalities in the world can be answered: from two and a half to five thousand. Why such a huge spread in numbers? Because we are faced with a new difficulty: what is language? Is it a dialect, a dialect used by a certain ethnic community? But it is also not entirely correct to determine the nationality of a person by language. After all, not all Jews know Hebrew. A almost died, and now the government is making incredible efforts to revive it. Residents of the "Green Island" speak English, but they do not consider themselves British.

Appearance and nationality

An even more shaky way is to define ethnic background individual according to his physiological characteristics. What can we say about a person's appearance? If he has blond hair and blue eyes, then he can equally successfully turn out to be both a Swede and a Russian or a Pole. You can, of course, talk about the Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Latin American, but all this does not give us an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhow a representative of the “titular nation” should look like. Moreover, with the dominant gene of brunettes, blondes gradually “die out”. The nationalities of the world, whose representatives inhabited the lands previously known as the countries of fair-haired people (Bulgaria, the states on the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, Georgia), after the Turkish conquest noticeably "darkened". So it is not possible to determine the ethnic group in appearance. Although, of course, there are certain facial features that are often found in representatives of a particular nationality.

Formation of ethnic groups

All nationalities of the world in their historical development passed long haul. Ancient tribes entered into military-trade alliances among themselves and long time lived in close proximity. From this, certain differences were erased, dialects converged, forming one language. It can be cited as an example of the ancient Romans. In addition to the Latins, who inhabited the regions along the banks of the Tiber, Veneti, Avzones, Lukans, Osci, Messaps, Piceni, Umbers and Falisci took part in the formation of the people. And their dialects still exist! The vast Roman Empire, which included many nationalities, collapsed in the Middle Ages. Latin - official language ancient state - gave impetus to the formation Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish. Awareness of the multitude by one community within the state generates a nation.

natural assimilation

Not all nationalities of the countries of the world have survived to this day. A smaller nationality, surrounded by a larger one, risks losing its identity, especially if it is included in a state where this largest nationality is considered the “titular nation”. This is what happened in the USSR. The first census, conducted in 1926, found that 178 nationalities live in the state. In 1956, there were only 109 of them. And major nationalities, which consisted of more than ten thousand people, was 91. Thus, in less than thirty years, the number of ethnic groups has significantly decreased. Of course, not everyone became Russian. Adjarians, Laz, Svans and Mingrelians began to associate themselves with Georgians; Kuramins, Turks and Kipchaks began to consider themselves Uzbeks. Thus, if not supported cultural characteristics small peoples, there is a serious risk that they will disappear.

Forced assimilation

Sometimes governments, wary of separatist sentiments, pursue a policy aimed at the deliberate destruction of nationality as such. They do not kill members of an ethnic minority, but carry out targeted assimilation measures. For example, in Poland after the Second World War, all Lemkos were taken out of their places of compact residence and settled in small groups in other regions of the country. In the south of France, for a long time, schoolchildren were punished if they began to speak the local Occitan dialect. Only since the eighties of the twentieth century, under pressure from the public, optional courses were opened to study the almost disappeared dialect. Since the small nationalities of the world are already inclined to dissolve into large ones, it is a violation of human rights to assimilate them by force.

How many nationalities are there in the world?

Nobody knows. According to various sources, the nationalities of the peoples of the world can number from four and a half to six thousand. Total languages ​​and dialects ranges from two and a half to five thousand. But there are still tribes that do not make contact with the civilized world (the so-called un-contacted people). How many such tribes are still found in Africa, the Amazon Valley? It is also quite difficult to define the line between ethnos, nationality and nationality. But there is another opinion about larger communities. It is believed that the nation is a purely political construct. This theory is gaining more and more supporters in modern society.

Beautiful nationalities of the world: list

Assimilation, of course, can lead to the disappearance of an ethnic group. But mixing blood only improves the gene pool. The so-called mestizos have always amazed with their beauty and talents. Let us recall at least the Russian poet A. S. Pushkin, in whose veins Slavic and African blood flowed. If we are not talking about certain individuals, but about large groups ah people, then the same relationship can be traced here. The most beautiful community is the one in which the different nationalities of the world are mixed, as in a furnace. Yes, countries Latin America amaze with the abundance of beauties and angelic men. After all, locals took part in the formation of Costa Ricans, Brazilians and Colombians Indian tribes, Spaniards and Africans. Citizens of the former USSR are also not bad-looking, since many of them were born as a result of mixed interethnic marriages.

Where do the most beautiful girls live?

This question worries not only the representatives of the stronger sex. Of course, everyone has their own standard of beauty, but are Miss Universe contests held? Let's make it small statistical analysis to find out in which country the most common beautiful women peace. The nationality of the charming winner is not taken into account by the jury members. But we will count charming girl representative of the "titular nation".

So, according to surveys made by various men's and women's magazines, Brazilian women are in first place in terms of beauty. After all, this Latin American country is real. Here you can meet both an irresistible blonde and a charming black woman. Many immigrants from Asia gave the Brazilians the languor of the Japanese orchid and almond-shaped eyes. If you like tall blondes, then feel free to follow them to Sweden. In third place are the Argentines. The fourth position is held by Ukrainians, and the fifth by Russians.

Where do the most beautiful men in the world live by nationality?

A selection of super attractive macho different countries made a portal for tourists Travelers Digest. He did his own research to properly guide single ladies to a romantic getaway. What happened? What nationalities of the world gave birth to more Apollos?

The portal warns that it evaluated not only the external data of men, but also their upbringing, intelligence level, and the ability to care for a lady. The leaders in this list are the Swedes, residents of New York and Amsterdam. The top ten included the Portuguese, Argentines, Australians, Spaniards, Germans, Italians and Israelis. But girls often notice that the portal is wrong. In their opinion, residents of Latin American countries, Spaniards, Italians and Turks are more attractive.

Russia is multinational state. How many peoples live in Russia? Which of them are the most numerous? How are they distributed throughout the country? We will learn about this further.

How many peoples live in Russia?

Russia covers a huge territory, stretching from of Eastern Europe to Its area is 17,125,191 square kilometers, by which the country ranks first in the world.

In terms of population, Russia is in ninth position, it is 146.6 million people. How many peoples live in Russia? It is difficult to give an exact figure, but there are approximately 190 of them, including the autochthonous population and small indigenous peoples.

The main source of data on the population of Russia is the 2010 census. Nationality citizens of the country is not indicated in the passports, so the data for the census was obtained based on the self-identification of the inhabitants.

Slightly more than 80% of the inhabitants indicated themselves as Russians, 19.1% accounted for other nationalities. Approximately five and a half million people did not indicate nationality. Based on these data, the total number of peoples of Russia who do not consider themselves Russians amounted to 26.2 million people.

Ethnic composition

Russians are the titular population of the country, they prevail in most subjects of the Russian Federation. They include Pomors, representing the sub-ethnos of Karelians and Russians in the White Sea region. The second largest people are the Tatars, which include the Mishars, Kryashens, Astrakhan and

The largest group of peoples are Slavs, mainly Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles and Bulgarians. They belong to the Indo-European family, which in Russia is also represented by the Romanesque, Greek, Germanic, Baltic, Iranian, Indo-Iranian and Armenian groups.

In total, peoples who belong to nine language families live on the territory of the state. In addition to Indo-European, these include:

• Altai;
• blue-Tibetan;
• Ural-Yukaghir;
• Chukchi-Kamchatka;
• Yenisei;
• Kartvelian;
• Eskimo-Aleutian;
• North Caucasian.

The small peoples of Russia are represented by Kereks (4 people), Vod people (64), Enets (227), Ults (295), Chulyms (355), Aleuts (482), Negidals (513), Orochs (596). These include peoples who belong to the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan groups.

The largest peoples of Russia are presented in the table below.

Map of the peoples of Russia

The country's population is not homogeneously distributed. How many peoples live in Russia and how they are located on its territory, the map below can clearly demonstrate. The vast majority live in the area between St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novorossiysk and Primorsky Krai, where all the largest cities are located.

The largest Tatars and Ukrainians - mainly inhabit the southwestern part of the country. Ukrainians make up a large proportion of the population in the Chukotka and Khanty-Mansiysk districts, in the Magadan region.

As for the other peoples of the Slavic group, the Poles and Bulgarians do not form large groups and are dispersed. The compact Polish population lives only in the Omsk region. Belarusians in the majority inhabit the region of Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as the Kaliningrad region, Karelia, the Khanty-Mansiysk district.

Tatars

The number of Tatars in Russia is more than 3% of the total population. One third of them live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Focal settlements are also located in the Ulyanovsk region, in the Khanty-Mansiysk district, Bashkortostan, Tyumen, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Penza regions and in other subjects of the state.

Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims. Different groups of Tatars have linguistic differences, and also differ from each other in traditions and way of life. Their language belongs to the Turkic languages ​​\u200b\u200bof the Altai family, it has three dialects: Mishar (western), Kazan (middle), Siberian-Tatar (eastern). In the Republic of Tatarstan Tatar language is official.

The ethnonym "Tatars" appeared in the VI century among the Turkic tribes who called themselves that. After the conquest by the Golden Horde in the XIII century. the name is spreading and already denotes the Mongols and the tribes conquered by them. Later, the term was used in relation to nomads of Mongolian origin. Having settled in the Volga region, these tribes called themselves Meselmans, Mishers, Bolgrams, Kazanls, etc., until they consolidated under the definition of “Tatars” in the 19th century.

Ukrainians

One of the Eastern Slavic peoples - Ukrainians, lives mainly on the territory of the state of Ukraine, where its population is about 41 million people. Large Ukrainian diasporas are located in Russia, the USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Germany and other countries.

Including labor immigrants, approximately 5 million Ukrainians live in Russia. Most live in cities. Large centers of settlement of this ethnic group are located in Moscow and the Moscow region, Tyumen, Rostov, Omsk regions, in Primorsky and Krasnodar region, Yamalo-Nenets district, etc.

The history of the peoples of Russia is not the same. Large-scale settlement Russian territories Ukrainians began during the existence of the empire. In the XVI-XVII centuries, according to the royal decree, Cossacks, gunners, archers from Ukraine and the Don were sent to Siberia and the Far East for land development. Later, peasants, and townspeople, and representatives of the Cossack elders were exiled to them.

The intelligentsia voluntarily moved to St. Petersburg at a time when the city was the capital of the Russian Empire. At present, Ukrainians represent the largest ethnic group in it after Russians.

Bashkirs

The fourth largest people in Russia are the Bashkirs. The overwhelming majority lives in the Republic of Bashkortostan. They also inhabit the Tyumen, Kurgan, Orenburg regions. The Bashkir language belongs to the Altaic family and is divided into southern and eastern dialects and several dialects.

According to anthropological characteristics, the people belong to the Subural and South Siberian (among the Eastern Bashkirs) racial types. They represent Caucasians with a share of Mongoloidity. By religious affiliation are Sunni Muslims.

The origin is connected with the tribes of the Pechenegs (South Ural Bashkirs - Burzyans, Usergans), as well as the Polovtsians (Kipchaks, Kanly) and the Volga Bulgars (Bulyars). Their ancestors inhabited the region of the Urals, the Volga and the Urals. The Mongols and Tungus-Manchus had an influence on the formation of the people.

indigenous peoples

The indigenous population of the country includes 48 peoples. They make up approximately 0.3% of the total population of the country. Approximately 12 of them are small and number less than a thousand people.

The small peoples of Russia mainly inhabit the northern regions of the state, the Far East and Siberia. They often lead a traditional economy, engaged in reindeer herding, fishing, hunting and cattle breeding.

The largest indigenous people are the Nenets, they number almost 45 thousand people. They occupy the coastal zones of the Arctic Ocean and are divided into European and Asian. The people breed deer and live in tents - cone-shaped huts covered with birch bark and felt.

The Kereks are the smallest and are represented by only four people according to the census. Half a century ago there were about 100 of them. The main languages ​​for them are Chukchi and Russian, their native Kerek remained as a traditional passive language. In terms of their way of life and culture, they are similar to the Chukchi people, therefore they were subjected to assimilation with them.

Conclusion

Russia stretched for many kilometers from west to east, affecting both the European and Asian parts of the continent. More than 190 peoples live on its vast territory. Russians are the most numerous and represent the titular nation of the country.

Other large peoples are Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Avars, etc. Small indigenous peoples live in the state. Most of them number no more than a few thousand. The smallest are Kereks, Enets, Ults, Aleuts, they inhabit mainly the region of Siberia and the Far East.