Part 3
The book consists of twelve short stories in which two elements oppose each other - soothing, washing away everything and destroying fire. Life is a river in which a flame is hidden - passions, vices and desires that burn everything in their path, which often lead to monstrous deeds ...
Part 4
Kim Seung-ok (born in 1941) is one of the outstanding modern Korean writers, a great master of prose. Despite the fact that among the prose writers of modern Korean literature, its duration literary activity relatively short, the few works he created, in which the eyes of a contemporary perfectly depict the turning point of the era of the sixties of the XX century, have a unique individuality. With his sensual style, lively and apt language, and concise presentation, Kim Seung Ok has a reputation as a "prose alchemist". Critics define his work as a "revolution of sensuality".
Kim Seung Ok's talent is multifaceted: he became famous both as a cartoonist, and as a screenwriter and director. He is the recipient of many of the most prestigious literary prizes Korea.
Part 5
The novel is about kisaeng, oh lung women behavior - an integral part of Korean culture, which has played big role in the formation and understanding of the role of women in society. Kisaeng is not a prostitute in the ordinary sense of the word. Kisaeng appeared during the Goryeo Dynasty (935–1392). These were the actresses who entertained the kings at the feasts. Often they reached heights in art, poetry and literature.
For each of us, in order to find peace and harmony of the soul, it is useful to look back from time to time. After all, the future often hides behind our actions in the past. Understanding the past can give us the key to solving the problems of the future, help us gain the strength to live on. The kisaeng life story described in the novel should make us stop for a moment, look back and think about what we sometimes forget due to the hustle and bustle of everyday life.
Part 7
June 25, 1950 North Korea attacked South. The Korean War began, in which UN troops took part - sixteen states, including the United States. At first, almost the entire territory South Korea was occupied by North Korean troops. However, some time later, UN troops drove them back. Moreover, they occupied almost the entire territory of North Korea. It seemed that the unification of the country was inevitable. But on January 4, 1951, the two million army of communist China entered the Korean War; UN troops and the South Korean army were forced to retreat.
The author of this book at the beginning of July 1950 was mobilized in the Korean people's army, and in early October of the same year he was captured by the National Army of South Korea. Being in the thick of things at that turbulent time, he had the opportunity to personally observe the relationship between the North and the South.
For readers over 14 years of age.
Part 8
Lee Moon-yeol (born in 1948) is one of the most famous contemporary South Korean prose writers. The first collection published in Russia included two stories about the recent history of South Korea and about a man's search for his place in this history.
For readers over 14 years of age.
Part 9
Kim Yong-soo (b. 1970) is a South Korean writer who is popular in his homeland and beyond. His works have been translated into English, French, Japanese, Chinese and other languages. Winner of many literary awards in the Republic of Korea. The collection "Girl the end of the world" includes nine stories written from 2005 to 2009 and united by the theme of relationships between people.
For readers over 16 years of age.
Part 10
Kim Young-soo (b. 1970) is one of the most popular writers modern Korea. My literary career started in 1993 as a poet and published his first novel, I Walk Showing a Mask, the very next year. The works of Kim Yong-soo have received numerous prestigious literary awards.
Imagine that you have become the owner of a superpower. How will you manage it? Will you be able to resist the temptations and use it only for the benefit of people, or will you obey those who seek to use your ability for their own selfish purposes? The answer to this question is trying to find a fifteen-year-old boy Kim Jong-hoon, who received the gift of reading other people's thoughts.
Seoul University Professor foreign languages“Hanguk” 김현택 Kim Hyun-taek (Kim Hyun-taek)
On December 21–22, the first Russian-Korean scientific and practical conference of literary translators from Korean and Russian was held in Moscow. The reason for its holding was the 100th anniversary of the first translation of a Russian literary work into Korean. It would seem that the history of Russian-Korean literary connections may be of interest only to specialists in literature and professional translators. However, thanks to such studies, we learn what representatives of other peoples value in Russian literature and how it affects the formation modern image Russian people - the latter is especially interesting, given the rather significant delay with which our literary heroes come to the literary living rooms of Koreans. Russian literature in Korea is an important topic also because it was in this country that its influence throughout the 20th century was especially great. For all these reasons, we decided to bring to the attention of our readers the report of one of the conference participants, Professor of the Seoul University of Foreign Studies "Hanguk" Kim Hyun-taeg, kindly provided by the author to the Russkiy Mir portal.
The first evidence of possible contacts between representatives of the Korean and Russian peoples dates back to the 13th century. The Italian Franciscan monk Plano Carpini, who visited the Mongol Empire in 1245-1247, wrote that at the celebrations arranged by the Mongols, "there was a Russian prince Yaroslav from Suzdal and several leaders of the Kitai and Solangs." Solangs in the Middle Ages were called Koreans.
Evidence of the first acquaintance of Russia with Korean literature dates back to a much later time - to mid-nineteenth century. Russian writer Ivan Goncharov, who traveled on the frigate Pallada from 1847 to 1854 Far East, made stops in China, Japan and Korea. In his comments about the Koreans, Goncharov wrote that they are a people who truly love to compose and read poetry. In the eyes of the Russian writer, the Korean intelligentsia appeared as a cultural and literary society. Goncharov's notes served as the beginning of the process of discovery of Korean literature by the Russian intelligentsia.
Another Russian writer, Garin-Mikhailovsky, wrote down and published Korean folk tales, which was the beginning of the study of Korean literature by prominent Russian literary figures. Unfortunately, at that time in Korea itself there were practically no contacts with foreign literature, especially Russian and European. The first works of Russian literature became known to the Korean reader only at the beginning of the 20th century.
At the end of the 19th century, the Russian embassy provided asylum to the deposed Korean emperor. This was a good reason to improve relations between the two countries, but the political upheavals that were taking place at that time on the Korean Peninsula created a barrier not only to cultural exchange, but also to cooperation in other areas.
In Korea, Russian literature has undergone various kinds of difficulties, which were caused by the political and social situation. The most important reason was the colonization of Korea by Japan, because of which Russian literature came to Korea not directly, but through Japan.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the most popular literary works in Korea were those that reflected the political and social upheavals of Russian society in the second half of the 19th century. At this time, Russian literature was translated more than any other.
In the 30s of the twentieth century, the enlightenment movement of the intelligentsia, the so-called "going to the people", originating in Russia, became widespread in Korea. The basis of the work of the Korean writer Sim Hong "Sanroksu", where the influence of Russian literature is most clearly traced, is taken from the novel by Nikolai Chernyshevsky "What is to be done?". The work of the Korean writer Yi Kwang Soo "Yujong" was written under the direct influence of "Resurrection" by Leo Tolstoy.
During the Japanese colonization of the 20-30s. In the 20th century, Russian literature had a considerable influence on the formation and development of modern Korean literature. A rich ground for the development of creativity of Korean novelists, among whom leading place are occupied by Hyun Jin Gong, Kim Dong In and Yi Hye Suk, they give stories of Russian classics, in particular A.P. Chekhov. For example, Hyun Jin Gong's novel "Happy Day" in terms of composition and artistic techniques almost completely coincides with Chekhov's story "Tosca".
I. S. Turgenev, subtle observer and master of description social conflicts, in Korea, he gained fame more as a poet thanks to the translation of his poems into prose. However, his main work was famous novel"Fathers and Sons", reflecting the spirit of that time. In the stories of the Korean writer Em San Sob "Three Generations" and "Guinea Frog" Turgenev's motives are clearly traced.
The influence of the ideas of Russian writers is especially pronounced during the Japanese colonization and liberation of Korea, when Korean literature was actively creative activity leftist (proletarian) writers who created their association in 1925. Russian literature and ideology associated with the liberation movement became widespread in Korea. Writers such as Im Hwa, Yi Te Jun, Oh Jang Hwan were especially ideologically close to Soviet Union and knew Russian literature well. They were active creative life: engaged in translations and wrote themselves. They made a huge contribution to the presentation of Russian culture to the Korean literary society.
After the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial domination, two states opposite in structure were formed on the Korean Peninsula, which led to the tragic Korean War. As a result of a sharp ideological confrontation in South Korea, where influence American culture was especially strong, the position of Russian literature could not but be shaken. The thaw that followed Stalin's death in the Soviet Union gave Russian literature a good basis for liberal development. In contrast, in Korea, until the 1990s, Russian literature came to a stagnation time. On the one hand, works related to the revolution and the ideology of communism became a forbidden fruit, and on the other hand, Russian literature continued to be a symbol of deep research. human soul and was still loved by Korean readers, who found it especially attractive.
Despite all the hardships, Russian literature, like no other, had a huge impact on the post-war work of Korean writers. During the period before and after the April Revolution of 1960, among the main works of Korean literature can be called such works as "The Worthless Man" by Song Jang-sub, "Mistaken Shot" by Yi Beom-seon, " gray man” and “Square” by Che In Ho. They describe the grey, impenetrable reality of Korean post-war society. The heroes of these works are people with unfulfilled ambitions who cannot fully express themselves and their capabilities in Time of Troubles social and historical cataclysms that shook Korean society. The story "The Worthless Man" is one of such works, which clearly describes the peculiar literary image hero, characteristic of Russian literature.
In the works of Che Ying-hoon there are a number of warm memories About Russia. Through the mouth of the protagonist of one of latest works"Hwadu" the writer recalls a chance meeting with a Russian soldier in childhood and says that he cannot forget that specific taste of a soldier's black bread. Such special memories of Russia can be traced in his main novel "The Square", which describes the Korean War and the division of the country. The novel was translated into Russian and published in Russia.
In the early 70s of the XX century, the influence of Russian literature takes on a more subtle form in Korean literature, which has already received serious development. The problem of "bread and freedom", which was touched upon by Dostoevsky in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov", was continued in the novels "Son of Man" and "Your Paradise" by Yi Moon-el and Yi Chen Jun, which caused widespread controversy in Korean society.
By the end of the 1980s, after Olympic Games in Seoul, through the wall of darkness and alienation, the sprouts of Russian culture begin to break through, the seeds of which were thrown into the Korean literary soil back in the 30s and 40s. In Korea, they began to translate Russian leftist writers such as Maxim Gorky, Nikolai Ostrovsky, Mikhail Sholokhov. This made it possible to eliminate the half-way perception of Russian literature by Korean readers. Finally, in 1991, along with the collapse of the communist system in Russia, a real opportunity change the relationship between Russian and Korean culture into straight, double-sided and balanced.
90s of the XX century became critical period in establishing new relationships between Russian and Korean literature. In the past few years, Korea has been active work on the translation of Russian literature. In the 1990s, the Korean reader, at least in part, was presented with translations of Russian writers of the 20th century. And on the 200th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Pushkin, a Korean publishing house specializing in works of Russian literature issued complete collection works of the poet; in the same publishing house for the first time the complete works of Dostoevsky were printed. IN Lately work is underway to revise old translations, especially Russian ones classical works XIX century. Newly born Russian works are presented to Korean readers. A few years ago, new translations of Leo Tolstoy's stories were especially popular.
However, despite these positive developments, challenges remain. In Korea, as before, a one-sided approach to translations continues to exist. The talents of Russian literature of the 20th century, hidden for the Korean reader, such as Ivan Bunin, Mikhail Bulgakov, Andrei Platonov, Varlam Shalamov and others, are still little known.
There is an interesting situation in Korean literature right now. In the works of contemporary Korean writers, Russia and Russian literature are often mentioned. Examples include Yoon Hoo Myung's The White Steamboat, Park Bom Sin's The House of Silence, Song Yong's short story collection For My Friend Volodya, Chen Chang's Soul of Shadow, Yi Na Mi's short story collection Ice Spike, "Teenager" Kim Yong-kyung.
Writer Yi Na Mi says that in student years"Russian literature baptized her." The scene of the work "Ice Spike" is Russia. Russian culture is embedded in the author's subconscious. The works of Yi Na Mi have absorbed the traditions of Russian literature and cinema: here a subtle allusion is made to the heroes of Dostoevsky’s novel and directly speaks of famous director Andrei Tarkovsky.
Russia and Korea are culturally compatible in many ways. The two countries are not only zones of cultural exchange, but also have similar historical events and experience. Literature, songs and cinema often refer to the "Russian soul and melancholy" as salient feature Russian people. On the other hand, when they talk about the mentality of the Koreans, they certainly remember the “khan” (Korean image of longing). And even this cultural similarity confirms that the two countries have all the prerequisites for a closer cultural rapprochement. Perhaps this is the reason why Russian literature enjoys special attention and love among Korean readers.
Korean literature
Korean literature
KOREAN LITERATURE. - Oral K. l. little explored; the attention of European science was attracted by Ch. arr. Korean Tales (trans. 1893). On the development of written K. l. Korea's economic and cultural dependence on China had a huge impact.
Prior to the creation in 1446 of their own Korean alphabet, the so-called. "Hunmin Denum" ("correct sounds", that is, the correct phonetics for teaching the people), the Korean people used Chinese hieroglyphic writing; in other words, Koreans spoke Korean but wrote Chinese. Hence, naturally, there was a complete gap between oral and written speech. There are two points of view on this period in the history of Chinese literature: some argue that although Chinese hieroglyphs were used and the style and plots did not differ from Chinese in any way, nevertheless, it is necessary to recognize the existence of its own Chinese alphabet; because it is the work of the Korean writers themselves and reflects the life Korean people. Others believe that although it is the work of Korean writers, but since it is no different from Chinese in terms of style, plot and writing, it should be recognized not as Korean, but rather as one of the currents of Chinese literature in Korea. In any case, the emergence and further development genuine K. l. as such, it was conceivable only in the presence of its own Korean script, which combines written and spoken language into a single whole.
The huge advantage of the new Korean alphabet over Chinese characters is the completeness of the designations of sounds, ease of writing, and the convenience of the alphabet for teaching literacy. But due to the influence of China on Korea, the consolidation Chinese characters(according to historical data, hieroglyphs first appeared in Korea in the 1st century, and already in the 2nd century there were attempts to plant ancient Chinese literature), which managed to take deep roots there, was strong enough to resist the widespread and popularization of the Korean alphabet. The Chinese scientists, who enjoyed great prestige at that time, were ardent opponents of mandatory introduction Korean alphabet and its replacement of Chinese characters. The new Korean alphabet became the property of almost exclusively women and few educated people as the most backward culturally parts of the population. Passion for Chinese writing remained in great fashion after the creation of the new Korean alphabet, not only among scientists and writers, but also among educated people in general for more than 400 years, and all the works of the great Korean writers were not only written in hieroglyphic writing, but also in terms of style and in terms of plot, they represented only one of the currents of Chinese literature. This literature, not to mention the numerous works of poets of various sizes, includes the complete collection, highly valued by the Koreans. sochin. Toyge (1498-1568), a poet with great importance and to the present. From writers modern era let's point to a major master - Unyang.
The artificial imposition of the ideas of Confucianism, in particular its ethics, by the ruling strata, accompanied by extremely conservative politics « Chinese wall", contributed to the passion classical forms poetry, didactics, etc. and neglect of the story, drama, lyrics. The famous story of Chunhyang girl and many lyrical works were not rated at the time artistic creativity and attracted attention much later. The story about the Chunhyang girl is distinguished by high artistic merit and depicts the feudal system in Korea, expressing the indignation of the people against the unprecedented exploitation and cruel oppression of the ruling circles, against the injustice of the old feudal customs. So. arr. Korean feudal literature existed only in the form of "Koreanized" Chinese literature, because it was completely cut off from the masses, being only the monopoly property of a small circle of intellectuals. Small "folk" stories of that time, poor in content, few in quantity and low in quality, cannot be considered literature. Only “shizo” and “gasa” (sizo and gasa, like the Japanese “waka” and “hokku”, have a completely peculiar rhythm exclusively in Korean) were one of the types of genuine national art(Collected works. Foot, 1589), but this area of \u200b\u200bcreativity was ignored by the so-called. educated circles.
true story K. l. should start with late XIX, the beginning of the 20th century, since the appearance of bourgeois literature. The first step towards the creation of an independent K. l. were translations of classical European and Japanese literary works writers Li Yingsig, Choi Namsen, Cho Ilzai, Lisankhev. This was followed by the appearance independent works Korean writers themselves, differing from previous literary works in style and plot: Lee Kuansu, Hen Sosen, Zin Sun Sen, Min Ubo. It should be noted in particular important role Li Kuansu in the design of a new literary movement. More in works early period(“Golden Mirror”, “Woe to a Young Man”, “Kuanho”, the stories “Letters to a Young Friend”, “Without Mercy” and “Predecessor”) Li Kuangsu raised the banner of struggle against the decaying old feudal morality, preaching complete freedom of the individual. This was the first arrow directed against the old traditions. His preaching of the freedom of love met with the warmest response from the youth of that time.
Choi Namsen and Li Kuansu were the creators of a new style. Their merit in this matter is enormous. But both of these writers, starting around 1920, went in the national liberation movement along the path of reformist conciliation, and so on. arr. lost all their authority. Recently, both of them have been working mainly on historical themes. Li Kuansu in his works of the period after 1919 ("Guide", "Golden Cross", "Bloody Letter", "Holy Death" and a number of others) comes more and more to humanism; in addition to short stories and novels, Lee Kuansu is known for his poetry and journalistic articles and is the most prolific of all modern Korean writers. Kim Donin, Iem Sansef, Den Yentak, Hen Dingen, La Bin, Chu Yohan, Kim Sowol, Ben Suchu, Yang Muay, Kim Anse, along with Li Kuansu, are the creators and major representatives modern Korean bourgeois literature. Of the poets, it should be noted Chu Yohan (“Rain”, “Treasure”, etc.), Kim Soukol (“Mountain”, “Road”, etc.), Ben Sucha (“Longai”, the name of the heroine of the poem, “River”), Yang Muay (“After Parting”, “Three Years Later”, etc.), Kim Ansei (“Spring Wind”, “Olmi Island”, “Mount Samgak”). However, poetry lags far behind prose both quantitatively and qualitatively.
As for dramaturgy, one can name Kim Unden, Yun Pyaknam, Kim Yenpar, Yu Dino, Kim Taisu, and others, but so far there has been no significant success in this area. In the field of “shizo”, prominent authors are Choi Namsen, Li Kuangsu, Chu Yohan, Choun, Uidang, Karam, etc. Also popular in the field of short stories are Ban Ingun, Yun Boktin, Kim Kano, Ding Dansef, etc.
The beginning of the formation of proletarian literature in Korea should be attributed to 1924-1925. Bourgeois writers preached "the need to create an independent national literature for each nation on the basis of taking into account the specific conditions of the past and present of each nation. At the other extreme, voices were raised about the need to create class proletarian literature as one of the means of fighting for the interests of one's class, a struggle connected with the tasks of defending the national interests of an oppressed nation. This movement was led by the poet and publicist Kim Kidin. In the poems "Woe of White Hands", "Waited Heart" and in the article "At the Cross Bridge", etc., he was the first to raise the question in full. Nak Yong-hee, Cho Men-hee, Kim Dong-hwan Kim Lesu, Choi Sehai, Li Kieng, Khan Selya Li Yixang responded to his call and united in the league of proletarian writers. IN new program league of proletarian writers, adopted in 1927, we read: “In the class struggle we stand on the point of view of the Marxist understanding historical process. Considering proletarian literature as one of the fronts of the struggle of the proletariat, we set the following tasks:
1. decisive struggle against the feudal-bourgeois ideology;
2. struggle against the barbarian regime and despotism;
3. struggle for the creation of a conscious class asset.”
Some proletarian writers take a direct part in revolutionary movement working class. Since proletarian literature is still in its formative stage, it naturally lags behind nationalist literature in the purely artistic sense, but nevertheless surpasses it many times over in energy and enthusiasm. Proletarian writers proclaim the so-called. "dialectical realism". Of course, one can speak of Korean proletarian literature only conditionally, because it is still developing to a large extent under the sign of petty-bourgeois radicalism. Bibliography:
Courant M., Bibliographie coreenne, "Publications de l'ecole des langues orientales vivantes", v. I, P., 1895, v. II, P., 1895, v. III, P., 1896; Supplement a la bibliographie, P., 1901. general review in vol. I - "Introduction", pp. XIX-CLXXXIX.
Literary Encyclopedia. - In 11 tons; M.: publishing house of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Friche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929-1939 .
See what "Korean Literature" is in other dictionaries:
KOREAN LITERATURE- KOREAN LITERATURE, the literature of the Korean people. Until the end of the XIX century. K. l. was bilingual and was created as on the official literary language hanmune (a Koreanized form of the Chinese script of Wenyan), and in Korean. The origins of K. l. ascend to... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary
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Literature in any country passes different stages of its development. And this is influenced by this or that circumstance, such as the political position of the state, unrest in society, war, civil confrontations. Other countries also influence literature, namely, the methods of writing works used by authors of other states.
Korean writers created their masterpieces in their native Korean language as well as in classical Chinese. At first it was folk art, namely fairy tales, legends, songs, beliefs. Initially, Korean writers created poems for singing. There were five poetic forms: long verse, special song, current melody, verse and native song.
In these poems, famous Korean authors described the events of the past, significant incidents, the life and traditions of their people, as well as neighboring countries. Quite a lot of books have survived to this day that will be interesting to read not only for those who are interested in the history of North and South Korea, but also for everyone who is interested in the life of other peoples.
Modern Korean literature is greatly influenced by Western cultural ties. It is worth noting that in Korea she found her way christian religion. Thus, in 1910, the Bible was translated into Korean.
The authors are still actively working in the genre of the novel. main theme is social justice, as well as the negative impact on society of the industrial revolution. Genre dominates in North Korea historical novel, and in drama, many authors write for revolutionary heroic plays that would raise the spirit of patriotism and the desire to defend their homeland at any cost.
Korean literature is very diverse and colorful. The books of North and South Korea are very different from each other, which makes them special. You can fully immerse yourself in the atmosphere of this amazing country, which is one whole state, but divided into two types cultural property and ways of life.
- Kang Kyung Ae
- Kang Hee Man
- Kim Won Il
- Kim Jeonghan
- Kim Dong-in
- Kim Man Jun
- Kim Sisip
- Kim So Wol
- Kim Seung Ok
- Kim Yoojung
- Ko Eun
- Kon Sonok
- Lee Gwangsu
- Lee Ki Young
- Lee Injik
- Lee Moonyeol
- Lee Oryeong
- Lee Sang-hye
- lee seung woo
- Lee Hyoseok
- Lee Hyosung
- Oh Seyun
- Pak Wanso
- Park Kyongnie
- Park Kyu Soo
- Park Chiwon
- Shin Kyungsuk
- Shin Sukchu
- Han Sol I
- hwang suk young
- Cho Myung Hee
- Cho Sik
- Cho Haejin
- Choi Sohae
- Jan Sogil
