When the play was written the auditor. Comedy Examiner

In early October 1835, during a personal meeting, Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol asked his friend A.S. Pushkin to tell him a funny story about Russian reality, which could form the basis of a comedy work.

There are two versions of how the prehistory of the "Inspector General" arose, and until now, historians cannot determine the only correct one.

The first says that Alexander Sergeevich told Gogol a story about how some passing gentleman, being in the city of Ustyuzhna, Novgorod province, successfully deceived all the inhabitants, posing as a high-ranking official, and robbed many people. Confirmation of this version can be found in the diaries of the Russian writer Vladimir Sologub.

The second version of the origin of the play by N.V. Gogol suggests that General Buturlin mistook Pushkin himself for the auditor. This happened in the middle of 1833, when the poet was visiting Nizhny Novgorod region while gathering information about Pugachev rebellion, for his future novel The Captain's Daughter.

At the time of writing N.V. Gogol corresponded with Pushkin more than once. In his letters, the author has repeatedly said that he wants to quit the work, however, Alexander Sergeevich insisted on continuing the work.

As a result, by 1836 the comedy was finished. The author read it in literary circles, and from the memoirs of I.S. Turgenev and P.A. Vyazemsky, one can judge that the play was received beautifully. But still, some could not see the depth of the work, the reflection of the true Russian reality.

The play was not allowed on the stage immediately. Only after Zhukovsky personally convinced Emperor Nicholas I that the work was safe for society. The premiere took place on April 19, 1836 at the Alexandrinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. Gogol himself and the emperor personally were present there.

Option number 2

"The auditor is coming to us" - a phrase familiar to everyone school bench. The Inspector General is a famous comedy by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.

In 1830, Gogol began to work on his new work. At this time, he had not yet finished writing the poem "Dead Souls", when suddenly he had another, absolutely new idea. He was fond of the comedy genre. His first comedy called "Marriage" was a success. Thinking about the plot, he remembered he was his friend. That same evening, Gogol wrote a letter to Pushkin asking him to suggest a plot for a new work.

The plot described in "The Inspector General" was written on the basis of real events in one of the county towns. As it turned out later, the same case was with Pushkin, when he was mistaken for an auditor.

It is worth noting that the work on this work went quickly and took the writer only two months. Namely October and November 1835.

The Inspector General received its first publicity at the evening at Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky, where all elite. Delight and laughter - these are the first emotions from Gogol's new comedy.

As the author himself said, in this work he wanted to collect all the bad and dirty that is in the country. He openly ridiculed the injustices happening in Russia. But, unfortunately and fortunately, no one who reads this comedy will see in it anything more than a good joke. The comedy was allowed on stage only after Zhukovsky personally assured the emperor.

The sensational comedy premiered at the Alexandrinsky Theater in 1836. Nikolai Vasilyevich himself was disappointed with the production. However, the comedy was a clear success. Although it has been said that some high society still felt a smile in his address.

The emperor himself praised the play and allowed it to be staged further. After the approval of the emperor, the author personally began to make adjustments to the game so that it was real and beautiful.

IN last time the play was revised in 1842. In this form, she betrays so far.

As you can see, Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol was closely involved in both writing comedy and staging it, which, of course, was discussed in his entourage. Only one thing can be said with certainty, if the play is now considered a classic and is still being read, then it is good.

An essay on the history of the creation of the Inspector Gogol

N.V. Gogol, while working on the work Dead Souls, decided to create a play that would reflect all negative sides Russian reality of that time. The writer comes up with the idea to write a comedy. This is how the immortal and still relevant creation of the writer "The Inspector General" appears.

In 1935, Gogol, in his letter to A.S. Pushkin, writes that he passionately desires to write a comedy in which he would outline all the pressing problems of Russia: corruption, bribery and nepotism. Gogol asks Pushkin to tell him interesting story, which would have inspired him to create such a large-scale work. The poet

tells Gogol interesting case from life when he was mistaken for an auditor. According to another version, the plot of the play is based on real story a certain editor of the newspaper Svinin, who, during his trip to Bessarabia, was mistaken for an official.

working on the “Inspector General”, Gogol, first of all, sought to ridicule the injustice that took place in the Russian outback. Unfortunately, even Gogol's colleagues did not catch in his creation deep meaning which he wanted to convey. The play was seen as a high-quality but conventional "situation comedy".

The first production of the comedy took place in 1836. The cream of society gathered in the Alexandria Theater: officials, landowners, entrepreneurs. Much to Gogol's dismay, the actors on stage played as if they had not felt the satirical direction of the work. Despite the fact that the play turned out to be primitively humorous, some civil servants understood the meaning of the comedy. Having brought down a wave of criticism on the writer, "big people" declared the comedy a farce.

There is an opinion that Emperor Nicholas I himself attended the premiere of the performance. Despite the fact that The Inspector General denounces the entire system from the tsar to the ordinary official, the sovereign liked the performance. After the debut production, the creation of the play in its final version lasted more than one year and ended only in 1842.

The history of the creation of The Inspector General shows how difficult it was for Gogol to write a comedy. Many celebrities, such as Pushkin, Belinsky spoke positively about the brainchild of Nikolai Vasilyevich. Today "Inspector" is a great satirical work, which occupies a worthy place among the masterpieces of classical Russian literature.

Now they are reading:

• History of creation To whom in Rus' to live well composition

  “Who is living well in Rus'?” it is this question that Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov poses to himself in work of the same name. The poem with the lyrical title "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" has a very deep history that goes back to those times,

What is family happiness? Many newlyweds and experienced family men ask this question. Someone thinks that family happiness lies in material well-being, and someone believes that the most important thing is mutual understanding and harmony between family members.

• Composition Humorous story about a case from life Grade 5

  Once an incredible thing happened to me. funny story. Our whole family came to the village for the summer. Me and my dad went fishing. We didn’t have to go far, because the river was right behind the garden.

• Composition What is humanity reasoning 15.3 OGE Grade 9

  I once walked with my dog, and I saw how Old man in an old shabby coat he sat alone on a bench. He had a newspaper in his hands, and he read it enthusiastically. Opposite him was a group of young people. Then a young woman came out of the entrance

The days allotted to us fly past us imperceptibly. Time, mocking us, is running at full speed, not paying attention to our pleas, at least a little to stop its course. People are struggling, looking for solutions where they are not needed. But is there a constant struggle

• Composition based on the painting by Shishkin Pines illuminated by the sun Grade 3, 5, 8

The work on The Inspector General was connected with Gogol's plan to create a truly modern comedy, about the possibility of the existence of which on Russian soil all sorts of doubts were expressed (although comedy as a genre, of course, existed). So, in the “Moskovsky Vestnik” for 1827, an article by S. Shevyrev about the comedy by V. Golovin “Writers among themselves” was published, in which it was proved that modern life does not contain comic elements (and therefore the critic advised moving the center of gravity to history) . Also, P. Vyazemsky, in his article “On Our Old Comedy” (1833), explained why Russian life is not conducive to comedy: “I’ll start with what seems to be in the Russian mind there is no dramatic property. We must assume that our morals are not dramatic either. We have almost no public life: we are either homebodies, or we act in the field of service. On both stages, we are not very accessible to the persecution of comedians ... ”. Like Shevyrev, Vyazemsky also saw a way out in the historical comedy. In this context, the background of Gogol's dispute with S. T. Aksakov in July 1832 in Moscow becomes clearer. In response to Aksakov’s remark that “we have nothing to write about, that in the world everything is so monotonous, decent and empty”, Gogol looked at his interlocutor “somehow significantly and said” that “it’s not true that the comic lies everywhere”, but “living in the midst of it, we do not see it”. Justification of the rights of modern Russian comedy Gogol thought as common task of his work before, at the time of work on the then temporarily postponed “Vladimir of the 3rd degree” and the comedy “Marriage”, begun in 1833 under the name “Grooms”. The comedy The Inspector General (Gogol's third comedy) put forward new problems and a new, much higher degree of generalization. “In The Inspector General, I decided to put together everything that was bad in Russia, which I then knew, all the injustices that are being done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person, and at one time laugh at everything” , - he later wrote in the "Author's Confession" In his letter, dated October 7, 1835, Gogol asks Pushkin for his opinion on "Marriage", and for one thing, since he was looking for support and waiting for advice from Alexander Sergeevich, he asks him to suggest a plot, “... at least some kind of funny or not funny, but a Russian purely anecdote. The hand trembles to write a comedy in the meantime. If this does not happen, then my time will be wasted, and I don’t know what to do then with my circumstances ... Do me a favor, give me a plot; the spirit will be a comedy of five acts and, I swear, it will be funnier than the devil. Pushkin responded to Gogol's request and shared with him a story that worried him as well. Pushkin told him a story about Pavel Petrovich Svinin, who, during a trip to Bessarabia, began to pretend to be a very important and significant person, a Petersburg official, and was stopped only when he began to take petitions. Later, already in 1913, the literary historian N.O. Lerner in his work “Pushkin’s idea of ​​the Inspector General” // Speech. 1913." , after analyzing both Pushkin's letters and the text of The Government Inspector itself, he came to the conclusion that some features of Svinin and Khlestakov coincide. The prototype of Khlestakov turned out to be a painter, historian, well-known to his contemporaries, the creator of the Notes of the Fatherland. Lerner identified Khlestakov's lies with Svinin's lies, believed that their adventures were extremely similar.

After the plot was transferred by Pushkin to Gogol in 1835, Nikolai Vasilyevich began work on The Inspector General. The first version of the comedy was written quite quickly, this is evidenced by Gogol's letter to Pogodin dated December 6, 1835, in which the writer speaks of the completion of the first two draft editions of The Inspector General.

Researcher A. S. Dolinin in the “Scientific Notes of the Leningrad State. ped. in-ta still expresses doubt that Gogol could have done such a huge and painstaking work in a month and a half, because, according to him, the writer “honed” his works for a long time. Dolinin believes that Pushkin conveyed the plot to Gogol much earlier, perhaps in the first years of their acquaintance. The story of Svinyin simply remained in the writer's memory, and he decided to realize the plot when the idea of ​​​​writing the last comedy came up.

And yet, most researchers in the history of literature believe that Gogol always wrote rough sketches quickly enough, but it took much more time to “hone” them.

Voitolovskaya believes that a connection has been established between Pushkin's plot idea and Gogol's The Inspector General, although the exact date when work on the comedy began is not clear.

The first version of The Inspector General was significantly reworked, as a result of which the comedy acquired a more coherent structure. But even after the second edition, the writer again made a number of changes, after which the play was finally transferred to print and sent to theatrical censorship. But even after receiving permission for a theatrical production, which was given on March 2, Gogol did not stop improving his The Inspector General. The latest revisions were accepted by theater censors just a few days before the comedy hit the stage.

During the creation of The Inspector General, Gogol did not feel the difficulties that could accompany the writer's work on a large work. The images that run through the whole play were formed at once; already in the first edition we observe all the key events, all the main characters with their distinctive features. Therefore, the complexity of the creative process was not at all in the search for storylines, but in a more vivid and accurate disclosure of the characters' characters.

Nikolai Vasilyevich attached great importance to this work, because it is precisely this that can explain the fact that he continued to work on the text even after the first edition of the play. When Pogodin asked Gogol about releasing the second edition of The Inspector General, the writer replied that he needed to wait a bit, as he began to redo some scenes that, in his opinion, were done carelessly. First of all, the scenes of the meeting of officials with Khlestakov at the beginning of the fourth act were corrected, they became more natural and energetic. After these changes, in 1841, the second edition of the comedy was published, but Gogol realized that his work on The Government Inspector had not yet been completed. And in the fall of 1842, the writer again polishes the entire play. All this is the process of artistic processing by the author of his work, as a result of which the expressiveness of every detail is noticeable. There were very few scenes in comedy that Gogol did not redo, trying to achieve depth in images and speech. Only the sixth edition of The Inspector General became final.

2. Comedy "Inspector General" and the social reality of Russia in the 1830s. Features of the image of the "prefabricated city".

The city in which the action of the comedy takes place is fictional, but it looks unusually typical. Dozens of such cities were scattered across Russia. "Yes, if you jump from here for at least three years, you will not reach any state" - this is how the author characterizes this city through the mouth of his character. The scene of the comedy looks like a small state. It seems to have everything necessary for a decent life for citizens: a court, educational institutions, a post office, police, health care and social security institutions. But what a sorry state they are in! They take bribes in court. Patients are treated somehow, instead of maintaining order, the police are outrageous. And the most surprising thing is that the entire administrative and financial mechanism, budget institutions and the rest works quite well. This city is far from the worst in Russia. Gogol, as you know, had to repeatedly make excuses about his great comedy. The author argued that the scene of the comedy is "the prefabricated city of the whole dark side", that is, a bunch of all-Russian abomination, shown only to eradicate the vices of society. But every ordinary spectator and every person in power understood perfectly well that the city, depicted with such force and vivacity in The Inspector General, is nothing more than an image of Nikolaev Russia In this sense, Gogol's comedy has become not only a satirical, but a culturological phenomenon that has retained its significance to this day.The appearance of the comedy "Inspector General" in 1836 acquired social importance not only because the author criticized and ridiculed the vices and shortcomings of tsarist Russia, but and because with his comedy the writer called on viewers and readers to look into their souls, to think about universal values.In the comedy "The Government Inspector", the author chooses a small provincial town as the scene of action, from which "at least three years of galloping, you will not reach any state." N. V. Gogol makes city officials and Khlestakov's “phantasmagoric face” the heroes of the play.The author's genius allowed him, using the example of a small island of life, to reveal those features and conflicts that characterized the social development of historical era. He managed to create artistic images huge social and moral range. The small town in the play captures everything character traits social relations of the time. The main conflict on which the comedy is built lies in the deep contradiction between what city officials are doing and ideas about the public good, the interests of city residents. Lawlessness, embezzlement, bribery - all this is depicted in the "Inspector" not as individual vices of individual officials, but as generally recognized "norms of life", outside of which those in power cannot imagine their existence. Readers and viewers do not doubt for a minute that somewhere life goes according to other laws. All the norms of relations between people in the city of the “Inspector General” look like universal in the play. Gogol is occupied not only with the social vices of society, but also with its moral and spiritual state. In The Inspector General, the author painted a terrible picture of the internal disunity of people who are able to unite only for a while under the influence of a common feeling of fear for all. In life, people are led by arrogance, arrogance, servility, the desire to take a more advantageous place, to get better. People have lost the idea of ​​the true meaning of life. It should be noted that Gogol's work has not lost its significance. Today we see the same vices in our society.

The “combined city” is torn apart by contradictions: it has its oppressors and the oppressed, its offenders and the offended, people with varying degrees of official misconduct and sins. Gogol conceals nothing and does not smooth over. But along with this, as if on top of all individual concerns, a single “city-wide” concern invades the city, a single experience brought to life and heated to the limit by emergency circumstances - the “auditor's situation”.

But even against the background of works that depicted the life of the whole city, The Inspector General reveals important differences. Gogol's city is consistently hierarchical. Its structure is strictly pyramidal: "citizenship", "merchants", above - officials, city landowners and, finally, in. the head of the whole mayor. The female half, also subdivided according to ranks, is not forgotten either: the family of the mayor is above all, then - the wives and daughters of officials, like the daughters of Lyapkin-Tyapkin, from whom it is not appropriate to take an example from the daughter of the mayor; finally, below: a non-commissioned officer carved by mistake, locksmith Poshlepkina ... Outside the city there are only two people: Khlestakov and his servant Osip.

Features of the dramatic conflict. True and imaginary conflict. Yu.V. Mann on the "mirage" intrigue.

It is traditionally believed that the plot was suggested to him by A. S. Pushkin. This is confirmed by the memoirs of the Russian writer V. A. Sollogub: “Pushkin met Gogol and told him about a case that was in the city of Ustyuzhna, Novgorod province - about some passing gentleman who pretended to be a ministry official and robbed all city residents.”

There is also an assumption that it goes back to the stories about the business trip of P.P. Svinin to Bessarabia in.

It is known that while working on the play, Gogol repeatedly wrote to A. S. Pushkin about the progress of its writing, sometimes wanting to quit it, but Pushkin insistently asked him not to stop working on The Inspector General.

Characters

• Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, mayor.
• Anna Andreevna, his wife.
• Maria Antonovna, his daughter.
• Luka Lukich Khlopov, superintendent of schools.
• Wife his.
• Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin, judge.
• Artemy Filippovich Strawberry, trustee of charitable institutions.
• Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin, postmaster.
• Petr Ivanovich Dobchinsky, Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky- urban landowners.
• Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov, an official from St. Petersburg.
• Osip, his servant.
• Christian Ivanovich Gibner, county physician.
• Fedor Ivanovich Lyulyukov, Ivan Lazarevich Rastakovskiy, Stepan Ivanovich Korobkin- retired officials, honorary persons in the city.
• Stepan Ilyich Ukhovertov, private bailiff.
• Svistunov, Buttons, Derzhimorda- policemen.
• Abdulin, merchant.
• Fevronya Petrovna Poshlepkina, locksmith.
• Non-commissioned officer's wife.
• bear, servant of the mayor.
• Servant tavern.
• Guests and guests, merchants, petty bourgeois, petitioners

Plot

Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, a young man with no fixed occupation, who rose to the rank of collegiate registrar, follows from St. Petersburg to Saratov, with his servant Osip. He finds himself passing through a small county town. Khlestakov lost at cards and was left without money.

Just at that time, all the town authorities, mired in bribes and embezzlement of public funds, starting with the mayor Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, were waiting in fear for the arrival of the auditor from St. Petersburg. The city landowners Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, having accidentally learned about the appearance of the defaulter Khlestakov in the hotel, report to the mayor about the arrival of the incognito from St. Petersburg to the city.

A commotion begins. All officials and officials fussily rush to cover up their sins, but Anton Antonovich quickly comes to his senses and understands that he himself needs to bow to the auditor. Meanwhile, Khlestakov, hungry and unsettled, in the cheapest hotel room, ponders where to get food.

The appearance of the mayor in Khlestakov's room is an unpleasant surprise for him. At first, he thinks that the owner of the hotel denounced him as an insolvent guest. The mayor himself is frankly shy, believing that he is talking to an important metropolitan official who has come on a secret mission. The mayor, thinking that Khlestakov is an auditor, offers him bribe. Khlestakov, thinking that the mayor is a kind-hearted and decent citizen, accepts from him on loan. “I gave him instead of two hundred and four hundred,” the mayor rejoices. However, he decides to pretend to be a fool in order to get more information about Khlestakov. “He wants to be considered incognito,” the mayor thinks to himself. - “Well, let’s let us Turus go too, we’ll pretend that we don’t know at all what kind of person he is.” But Khlestakov, with his inherent naivete, behaves so directly that the mayor is left with nothing, without losing his conviction, however, that Khlestakov is a “thin thing” and “you need to be careful with him.” Then the mayor has a plan to get Khlestakov drunk, and he offers to inspect the charitable institutions of the city. Khlestakov agrees.

Further, the action continues in the mayor's house. Khlestakov, fairly tipsy, seeing the ladies - Anna Andreevna and Marya Antonovna - decides to "splurge". Showing off in front of them, he tells fables about his important position in St. Petersburg, and, most interestingly, he himself believes in them. He attributes to himself the literary and musical works, which, due to "uncommon lightness in thoughts", allegedly, "in one evening, it seems, he wrote, amazed everyone." And he is not even embarrassed when Marya Antonovna practically convicts him of a lie. But soon the language refuses to serve the rather tipsy metropolitan guest, and Khlestakov, with the help of the mayor, goes to "rest."

The next day, he does not remember anything, and wakes up not as a "field marshal", but as a collegiate registrar. Meanwhile, officials of the city "on a military footing" line up to give a bribe to Khlestakov, and he, thinking that he is borrowing, accepts money from everyone, including Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, who, it would seem, have no reason to give a bribe to the auditor. And he even begs for money himself, referring to the "strange case" that "he completely spent himself on the road." Having escorted the last guest out, he manages to look after his wife and Anton Antonovich's daughter. And, although they have known each other for only one day, he asks for the hand of the mayor's daughter and receives the consent of the parents. Further, petitioners break through to Khlestakov, who “beat the mayor with their foreheads” and want to pay him in kind (wine and sugar). Only then does Khlestakov realize that he was given bribes, and flatly refuses, but if he was offered a loan, he would take it. However, Khlestakov's servant Osip, being much smarter than his master, understands that both nature and money are still bribes, and takes everything from the merchants, citing the fact that "a rope will come in handy on the road." Osip strongly recommends that Khlestakov quickly get out of the city until the deception is revealed. Khlestakov leaves, finally sending his friend a letter from the local post office.

The mayor and his entourage take a breath of relief. First of all, he decides to “pepper” the merchants who went to complain about him to Khlestakov. He swaggers over them and calls them names last words, but as soon as the merchants promised a rich treat for the engagement (and later for the wedding) of Marya Antonovna and Khlestakov, the mayor forgave them all.

The mayor collects full house guests to announce publicly about Khlestakov's engagement to Marya Antonovna. Anna Andreevna, convinced that she had become related to the big metropolitan authorities, was completely delighted. But then the unexpected happens. The postmaster of the local branch (at the request of the mayor) opened Khlestakov's letter and from it it is clear that incognito turned out to be a swindler and a thief. The deceived mayor has not yet managed to recover from such a blow when the next news arrives. An official from St. Petersburg, who is staying at a hotel, demands him to come to him. It all ends with a silent scene...

Productions

The Inspector General was first staged on the stage of the Petersburg Alexandrinsky Theater on April 19, 1836. The first performance of The Inspector General in Moscow took place on May 25, 1836 on the stage of the Maly Theatre.

Nicholas I himself attended the St. Petersburg premiere. The emperor liked the production very much, moreover, according to critics, the positive perception of the crowning special risky comedy subsequently had a beneficial effect on the censorship fate of Gogol's work. Gogol's comedy was initially banned, but after an appeal received the highest permission to be staged on the Russian stage.

Gogol was disappointed by the public talk and the unsuccessful St. Petersburg production of the comedy and refused to take part in the preparation of the Moscow premiere. At the Maly Theater, the leading actors of the troupe were invited to stage The Inspector General: Shchepkin (mayor), Lensky (Khlestakov), Orlov (Osip), Potanchikov (postmaster). Despite the absence of the author and the complete indifference of the theater management to the premiere production, the performance was a huge success.

The comedy "The Inspector General" did not leave the stages of theaters in Russia both in the days of the USSR and in modern history is one of the most popular productions and is a success with the audience.

Notable productions

Screen adaptations

• "Inspector" - director Vladimir Petrov
• "Incognito from Petersburg" - director Leonid Gaidai
• "Inspector (film-play)" - director Valentin Pluchek
• "Inspector" - directed by Sergei Gazarov

Artistic Features

Before Gogol, in the tradition of Russian literature, in those works that could be called the forerunner of Russian satire of the 19th century (for example, Fonvizin's "Undergrowth"), it was characteristic to depict both negative and goodies. In the comedy "The Government Inspector" there are actually no positive characters. They are not even outside the scene and outside the plot.

The relief image of the image of city officials and, above all, the mayor, complements the satirical meaning of the comedy. The tradition of bribing and deceiving an official is completely natural and inevitable. Both the lower classes and the top officials of the city do not think of any other outcome than how to bribe the auditor with a bribe. The district nameless town becomes a generalization of the whole of Russia, which, under the threat of revision, reveals the true side of the character of the main characters.

Critics also noted the features of the image of Khlestakov. An upstart and a dummy, the young man easily deceives the highly experienced mayor. famous writer Merezhkovsky traced the mystical beginning in comedy. The inspector, as an otherworldly figure, comes for the soul of the mayor, repaying for sins. " Main strength the devil - the ability to seem not what he is, ”this is how Khlestakov’s ability to mislead about his true origin is explained.

Cultural influence

Comedy had a significant impact on Russian literature in general and dramaturgy in particular. Gogol's contemporaries noted her innovative style, depth of generalization and convexity of images. Immediately after the first readings and publications, Gogol's work was admired by Pushkin, Belinsky, Annenkov, Herzen, Shchepkin.

Some of us also saw The Inspector General on stage then. Everyone was delighted, as was all the youth of that time. We repeated by heart […] whole scenes, long conversations from there. At home or at a party, we often had to enter into heated debates with various elderly (and sometimes, shamefully, not even elderly) people who were indignant at the new idol of youth and assured that Gogol had no nature, that these were all his own inventions. and caricatures that there are no such people in the world at all, and if there are, then there are much fewer of them in the whole city than here in one of his comedies. The contractions came out hot, prolonged, up to sweat on the face and on the palms, to sparkling eyes and dull hatred or contempt, but the old people could not change a single line in us, and our fanatical adoration for Gogol only grew more and more.

The first classic critical analysis of The Inspector General was written by Vissarion Belinsky and was published in 1840. The critic noted the continuity of Gogol's satire taking its toll creativity in the works of Fonvizin and Molière. The mayor Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky and Khlestakov are not carriers of abstract vices, but a living embodiment moral decay Russian society generally.

There are no better scenes in The Inspector General, because there are no worse ones, but all are excellent, like necessary parts, artistically forming a single whole, rounded by internal content, and not by external form, and therefore representing a special and closed world in itself.

Gogol himself spoke of his work in this way

In The Inspector General, I decided to put together everything that was bad in Russia, which I then knew, all the injustices that are being done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person, and at one time laugh at everything.

Phrases from the comedy became winged, and the names of the characters became common nouns in Russian.

Comedy Inspector was part of the literary school curriculum back in the days of the USSR and to this day remains key work Russian classical literature XIX century, mandatory for study at school.

see also

Links

• Auditor in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• Yu. V. Mann. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector". M.: Artist. lit., 1966

Notes

The idea of ​​writing a comedy came to Gogol while working on another no less famous work "Dead Souls". In correspondence with Pushkin, he asked him to write the plot of a five-act comedy.

It is clear that parallel work on Dead souls influenced the writing of comedy. In his confession, he reported that he had collected in one work all the worst in Russia and all the most injustice that he had ever seen.

It took him about two months to complete his idea, but even after writing and editing the comedy, work on it also continued. long time. The author made big changes to the works after the production at the Alexandrinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. The premiere took place in 1836. It was even Nicholas I himself - the emperor of Russia. The author was upset with the production, as the audience and actors did not understand the meaning of the author's idea. The actors noticed that some scenes were quite awkward, for example, when Khlestakov was the first to beg for a loan, the actor playing his role thought it would be better if they were the first to offer him money, so the author changed the scene, as well as the first four phenomena were also reworked.

The final version of the comedy was published in 1842. The Inspector General, which was staged on stage and published in print media many times, caused conflicting and ambiguous opinions. Polevoy in a newspaper called "Russian Messenger" wrote about the comedy that it was very ambiguous and criticized the plot for the lack of goals and "bad language".

And Belinsky, unlike Polevoy, praised the comedy and said that there was no best moments because there are no worse ones.

But still, Gogol constantly had the feeling that his comedy was not always understood correctly, so he kept writing articles about how to play correctly and about what the meaning of comedy is right.

The history of the comedy Revizor in detail

Russian literature is rich in names prominent writers who worked in different time. Among them, N.V. Gogol (1809 - 1852) stands out, whose name is inscribed in golden letters in the history of world literature. Nature generously rewarded him creativity. He proved himself to be an outstanding prose writer, interesting artist, a talented publicist, a wonderful playwright.

N.V. Gogol's play "The Government Inspector" was published and first staged on the stage of the Alexandria Theater in the spring of 1836. Writer long years thought about creating a comedy on the theme of Russian life. In 1832, in a conversation with Sergei Aksakov, he spoke of the desire to "collect everything bad in Russia into one pile" and laugh at all the flaws of Russian life at once. To Aksakov's doubt that there is material in life for writing such a book, N.V. Gogol objected that "comic lies everywhere." One has only to describe it to the Master, "we ourselves will wallow with laughter."

A. S. Pushkin was a benevolent and open person, so other authors often turned to him for advice and support. In October 1835 N.V. Gogol in a letter to him asked to tell interesting story from the life of Russian society. In response, A. S. Pushkin described an incident that happened to their mutual acquaintance. The presented plot was very much liked by N.V. Gogol. He quickly set to work on the creation of the play, which was written in two months. Pushkin's letter referred to the writer and publisher of the magazine " Domestic notes» Pavel Petrovich Svinin, whose figure is interesting because he was constantly mistaken for someone else. Being a gentle and accommodating person, he not only got used to confusion, but did not even resist it and skillfully used it for his own purposes. In St. Petersburg society, stories from his life were retold with laughter from mouth to mouth. So, A. S. Pushkin in his message told how P. P. Svinin in Bessarabia pretended to be some well-known official, but was stopped when he went far and, apparently, he himself believed in his miraculous reincarnation. Feeling that the hour of reckoning was near, he retreated.

N.V. Gogol's communication with him cannot be called pleasant. Having moved to St. Petersburg, the young writer began to collaborate with a popular magazine published by P. P. Svinin. In 1829, he brought his story "Basavryuk, or Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala" to the magazine. The work was published a year later, but without mentioning the name of the author. In 1830, an article by N.V. Gogol "Poltava" was published in the magazine, telling about his small homeland. The publisher not only distorted part of the author's text and inserted his own judgments there. The most offensive was that he put his name under someone else's work. Of course, any author would be outraged by such an attitude of the publisher. N. V. Gogol reacted to the behavior of P. P. Svinin by publishing the book Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. It included "Evening on the eve of Ivan Kupala" as a separate chapter. Sochinite removed all Svinin's corrections and added an introduction about how the sexton Foma Grigoryevich listens to the publication of his story and scolds the publisher. But best of all, N.V. Gogol paid off his offender by creating a brilliant play about a man - a changeling Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov, the prototype of which was P.P. Svinin.

Of course, the author of The Inspector General had his own reasons to ridicule the shameless deceiver, but he never hid that the idea of ​​a comedy about an imaginary auditor belongs to A. S. Pushkin and was always grateful to him for this. This work has become one of the best creations of N.V. Gogol. Written almost two hundred years ago, the play does not leave us indifferent today. The Inspector General teaches us to fulfill all duties with dignity and responsibility, so that we are not ashamed of our work; be honest and sincere in relation to people, so that you do not have to hide, fearing exposure; to avoid flattery and kowtowing before anyone.

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In 1935, he wrote to Pushkin: "Do me a favor, give me a plot, the spirit will be a comedy of five acts and, I swear, it will be funnier than the devil." The history of the comedy The Inspector General dates back to 1934. Gogol was sure that the comedy genre is the future of Russian literature.

Gogol came up with the idea to write a comedy based on a “purely Russian anecdote” while working on Dead Souls. Obviously, the work on "Dead Souls" influenced the direction in which Gogol began to develop the plot of the comedy. It took Gogol only two months to complete his creative plan (October-November 1835), but work on the comedy continued.

About N. V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector"

The premiere of the comedy took place on April 19, 1836. The emperor himself, Nicholas I, was present. Gogol was dejected by what he saw: the idea of ​​the comedy was not understood by either the actors or the audience. During the performance of the comedy, Gogol remarked that "the beginning of the fourth act is pale and bears a sign of some kind of fatigue." Gogol listened to the remark of one of the actors that "it's not so clever that Khlestakov is the first to ask for a loan and that it would be better if the officials themselves offered him."

The final edition of the comedy refers to 1842. The Inspector General, staged and published in the press, caused numerous and contradictory responses. Gogol felt the need to explain the meaning of his comedy. In a word, it was the same “purely Russian anecdote” that Gogol needed to realize his plan.

The play was allowed to be staged far from immediately, and only after V. Zhukovsky personally had to convince the emperor of the trustworthiness of the comedy. Everyone got it, but I got it the most.” Even if these words were not actually said, it well reflects how the public perceived Gogol's bold creation.

As you can see, the history of the creation of the play "The Inspector General" indicates that the writing of this work was not so easy for the author, taking away a lot of both his strength and time. Gogol began work on the play in the autumn of 1835. It is traditionally believed that the plot was suggested to him by A. S. Pushkin. It seemed that Gogol's only concern was how to delve into the subject, new to him, and how to more accurately convey his own impression. Gogol's own drawing last scene Auditor.

In the comedy "The Government Inspector" there are actually no positive characters. They are not even outside the scene and outside the plot. The relief image of the image of city officials and, above all, the mayor, complements the satirical meaning of the comedy. But Nicholas I decided to fight comedy in his own way. Gogol was disappointed by the public talk and the unsuccessful St. Petersburg production of the comedy and refused to take part in the preparation of the Moscow premiere.

Perhaps for the first time in all the eight decades that stage history"Inspector", - on the Russian stage is finally revealed! Inserts were borrowed not only from the primary editions of the play, but also from other works by Gogol.

The images of Avdotya and Parashka, servants in the mayor's house, were expanded. Comedy had a significant impact on Russian literature in general and dramaturgy in particular. Gogol's contemporaries noted her innovative style, depth of generalization and convexity of images. Immediately after the first readings and publications, Gogol's work was admired by Pushkin, Belinsky, Annenkov, Herzen, Shchepkin. The history of the creation of this play is connected with the name of Pushkin. And, according to Gogol, Pushkin really suggested new plot, telling a story about a certain gentleman who in the provinces pretended to be an important Petersburg official.

But for all its typicality and comicality, the story of the imaginary auditor, in essence, did not contain anything remarkable. But under the pen of Gogol, it unfolded into the broadest "laughing panorama", embracing almost the entire society of that time. One of literary critics of that time he wrote: “... those who think that this comedy is funny, and nothing more, are mistaken. Despite the obvious success of the premiere of The Inspector General on stage Alexandrinsky Theater, Gogol was dissatisfied with his play.

About when the writer began to work on the creation of a comedy, the researchers cannot give an exact answer, just as they do not agree on any opinion. We invite the reader to get acquainted with the birth of imperishable classics and plunge into the world brilliant writer Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.

It was the father who instilled young Nicholas love for literature, and partly the history of the creation of The Inspector General and other brilliant works of Gogol began precisely when Nikolai was a child. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's mother, Maria Ivanovna, was half her husband's age. He decides to discuss this with Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, and he, in turn, tells him a story-an anecdote about a false auditor who arrived in the city of Ustyuzhna and famously robbed all its inhabitants.

Significant changes to the text of the comedy were made in 1836, during the production of The Inspector General on the stage of the Alexandrinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. From the deep meaning invested in the play, nothing was extracted. The comedy was taken for an ordinary vaudeville. When preparing the second edition of the comedy "The Inspector General", the first four phenomena of this act were remade. Almost everyone present was delighted with the play. However, the history of the "Inspector" was still far from over.