Russian folk holidays. Rites and their traditions for children

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of moral education of older children up to school age in modern conditions. It is shown how folk traditions, folk toys, folk games, participation of children in folk holidays can be used in the moral education of older preschoolers.

Key words: moral education, children of senior preschool age, Russian folk traditions.

Currently, there is a growing interest in comprehending, strengthening and actively promoting national cultural traditions, embodied in original genres of folklore, family and everyday customs, rituals, and rituals.

Moral education is a purposeful process of introducing children to the moral values ​​of humanity and a particular society.

For the formation of any moral quality, it is important that it takes place consciously. Therefore, knowledge is needed, on the basis of which the child will develop ideas about the essence of moral quality, about its necessity and about the advantages of mastering it. The child should have a desire to master the moral quality, that is, it is important that there are motives for acquiring the appropriate moral quality.

"Embedded in traditional culture high spirituality and morality act as guarantors of maintaining healthy lifestyle life of the population, harmonized organization of everyday life, respect for traditions, friendly relations with others, love and careful attitude to nature."

In the work of A. B. Izmailov, “Fairy tale materials” in Russian folk pedagogy for the education of preschoolers are presented, in the study of M. B. Kozhanova, the pedagogical process in a preschool educational institution is revealed in the context of the regional-ethnic orientation of education. It is considered as "a specially organized interaction (in the form of assistance) of teachers and pupils in the implementation of the content of education using the ideas of folk pedagogy, as well as features, factors, means, methods of public education in order to solve educational problems aimed at meeting the needs of society in a comprehensively developed personality and his child, his interests and needs, contributing to the development and socialization of him as a subject of an ethnic group and as a citizen.

In preschool pedagogy, there is a growing interest in national consciousness, draws attention to the revival of folk traditions, development and understanding of the role of their nation, ethnic group in the world historical process. The task of the teacher in the context of this problem is to resolve the issue of predicting and realizing the potential of national traditions and customs; assistance in educating preschoolers of interest in their native culture.

A mechanism that allows the inclusion of folk pedagogy in the modern educational process in preschool educational institution, is a folk tradition. "Folk traditions are an effective means of moral development of preschoolers".

“Folk tradition is a phenomenon that is a way of storing and transmitting social experience, reproducing sustainable public relations, mass habits, beliefs, customs". Folk tradition belongs to a certain people and conveys the way of life, life, customs, spirit, mind, disposition, direction, characteristic of it.

"Education on folk traditions contributes to the development of a culture of behavior, mutual understanding, the formation of religious tolerance, interethnic tolerance.

The main task of the kindergarten is to lay the foundations of a spiritual and moral personality with an active life position and with creativity capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.

Traditions organize the connection of generations, they keep the spiritual and moral life of peoples. The succession of seniors and juniors is based precisely on traditions. The more diverse the traditions, the spiritually richer the people. Nothing unites people like tradition. "Tradition contributes to the restoration of the now lost heritage, such a restoration can be salvific for mankind." Therefore, it is so important to develop in a modern teacher respect for traditions, a positive attitude towards them, a desire to support and preserve them.

Folk traditions include holidays, rituals, customs, folk games, folk toys, traditional cuisine. As the main means of education, folk pedagogy uses all components of folk culture: folklore, songs, fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, games, toys, round dances, dances. “It is they who reveal the content of the upbringing and education of children, the basic moral rules and ideals, the understanding of good and evil, the norms of communication and human relations.”

The tasks of the educator who seeks to use folk traditions in his activities is to reveal the spiritual and moral potential of folk culture, to bring it to the child in an accessible form. We attach great importance to increasing the vocabulary of children, by semantic explanation of unfamiliar words, their origin (etymology) and historical meaning.

The methodological side of moral education using folk traditions involves: the creation and enrichment of a developing environment in a group and a preschool institution (based on):

• - subject-information enrichment (objects of national life, costumes of the people, models public dwellings, local history corners and expositions);
• - samples of the creative activity of the Russian people (books, paintings, decorative and applied arts);
• - emotional value cultural significance(folk toys, items of historical, spiritual, aesthetic value);
• - sign-symbolic saturation (portraits historical figures, photographs, coat of arms, flag of the Russian Federation, pre-revolutionary Russia, native city)
• - creation of mini-museums "Folk Toys", "Russian Hut", "From the History of Things", "Folk Doll", "Folk Musical Instruments",
• - creating galleries folk art"Russian folk holidays", "Pottery art", "Decorative painting".

As a result, the developmental environment of the group, preschool functions in different dimensions: as a source of cognitive development, as a field for self-realization of the individual and as an educational space that ensures the moral development of preschoolers.

Acquaintance with Russian folk traditions in the education of preschoolers can be divided into several priority areas:

• - Creating an atmosphere national life. The surrounding objects, for the first time awakening the soul of a child, nurturing in him a sense of beauty, should be national. This allows children from the very early age understand that they are part of the great Russian people. It is known that the surrounding objects have a great influence on the formation of the spiritual qualities of the child - they develop curiosity, bring up a sense of beauty, contribute to the moral, mental, aesthetic development child.
• - Traditional and ritual holidays. Ritual holidays are closely connected with labor and various aspects of human social life, in all their integrity and diversity.
• - Folklore stood out from the single culture of primitive society as a result of the division of labor. Russian folklore is fairy tales, songs, ditties, pestles, proverbs, sayings, epics and so on. Getting acquainted with folklore, the child is attached to moral values.
• - Russian folk art. “The people showed their creative aspirations and abilities only in the creation of objects necessary in work and life. However, in this world of utilitarian things, the spiritual life of the people was reflected, their understanding of the world around them - beauty, nature, people, etc. folk craftsmen did not literally copy nature. Reality, colored by fantasy, gave rise to original images. This is how fabulously beautiful paintings on spinning wheels and dishes, patterns in lace and embroidery, fancy toys were born.
• - Russian folk games, toys. In Russian folk games, the color of customs, the originality of the self-expression of the people, the originality of the language, form and content of colloquial texts have been preserved. Children love funny counting rhymes, draws, accompanying games.

It is known that the game has long occupied the life of a child. important place. Thanks to games, children learn to independently find a way out of a critical situation, quickly make decisions and implement them, take the initiative, i.e. acquire important qualities necessary for them in their future life, cause the activity of thought, contribute to the expansion of horizons, clarify ideas about the world around them. In addition, they improve all mental processes - attention, memory, imagination, thinking, and subsequently affect self-consciousness. The moral qualities formed in the game affect the behavior of the child and his character. "Folk games contribute to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality, combining spiritual wealth and physical perfection, contribute to mental and moral development."

Traditional folk holidays and rituals affect the emotional sphere of children and leave a deep imprint in their memory. All holidays in Russia were timed to coincide with events in the folk calendar, which also helps children better navigate Temporal concepts. The cyclicity of the folk calendar from year to year repeats these holidays and events: Autumn, Christmas, Epiphany, Maslenitsa, Magpies, Easter, Ivan Kupala and others. In general, the following functions of folk holidays can be distinguished: informational and educational, cultural and creative, morally developing, and improving. The most fully developing beginning is embodied in the information and educational function of the holidays. The term "enlightenment" in this case means "pedagogical educational and self-educational activities aimed at the spiritual, moral enrichment of the personality of a preschooler, the acquisition of a certain system of knowledge, skills, obtaining the necessary information" .

Round dances, dances, songs, games were obligatory components of the holidays. Preparing for the holiday, everyone took out their best outfits, which were made with their own hands.

For example, the holiday "Christmas". Children dress up in costumes that are prepared in kindergarten with their parents. This is not just blind adherence to tradition. Such costumes are loved by children, because they themselves, together with their mothers or grandmothers, took part in their creation, and create a real festive mood. Educators with children of older groups make Christmas stars, and an interesting action begins - a caroling game, when children go in groups, visit each other, sing carols, treat them with gifts, give homemade gifts. They give, but do not receive, which is important for moral education. At the same time, younger children watch the actions of older children with great attention, and then they themselves join the common holiday. At our holidays, which is typical of the folk tradition, there are no just spectators. A variety of roles allows everyone to become actor in accordance with inclinations and abilities; someone is the best dancer, and he is the first to dance, someone was the first to sing, and someone has wonderful acting skills, and he main character in theatrical games. But even if the child does not have pronounced musical and acting abilities, or he has not attended kindergarten for a long time, for example, due to illness, he is still an active participant in the holiday: he sings along with everyone, participates in common dances and games. At the same time, he creatively expresses his individuality thanks to the improvisational nature of even ordinary roles in a folk festival. A child of any age and level of development finds the necessary opportunity for self-expression. In all holidays, joint actions are very important. This is expressed both in general fun and in the fact that everyone makes some kind of contribution to the organization of the holiday. After the holiday - tea drinking. Because children know that a Russian holiday is always a hospitable table. But the most important thing that the children have learned is the rules of hospitality, which the Russian people are famous for.

There are not only traditional folk holidays, but also social ones that have also become traditional: New Year, Defender of the Fatherland Day, International Women's Day.

For example, Defender of the Fatherland Day - this tradition expresses our respect for the heroes of the country, for the defenders of our Motherland. This holiday forms an attitude to the defense of our Fatherland, brings up courage, courage, willpower, friendship, a sense of mutual assistance, that is, it implements the tasks of moral education.

Introducing children to the holidays, we expand their horizons, give knowledge about the world around us, that is, Russian folk holidays and rituals help mental, moral, aesthetic and physical education children. moral education folk tradition

Folklore is of great importance for the moral development of preschoolers. "Deep folk wisdom, honed over the centuries, concentrated in the works of Russian folklore. From the first days of life, the child is in the power of words and music. Traditionally, a mother or a nanny sang lullabies, pestles, nursery rhymes to the child, which set him up in a harmonious musical and poetic mood. Growing up, children are immersed in the world of folk songs, fairy tales and epics. Russian song folklore miraculously combines the word and musical rhythm, melodiousness. In oral folk art, the traits of the Russian character, its inherent moral values ​​- ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, fidelity, courage, diligence, were reflected nowhere. A special place in such works is occupied by a respectful attitude to work, admiration for the skill of human hands. Introducing children to sayings, riddles, proverbs, fairy tales, we thereby introduce them to universal moral values. The nursery rhymes addressed to children, jokes, calls sound like an affectionate saying, expressing care, tenderness, faith in a prosperous future.

Folk life is widely and multifaceted reflected in proverbs and sayings. You can call them an encyclopedia. folk life. They are not large in volume, but very capacious in meaning. Proverbs and sayings are imbued with a feeling of deepest love and devotion to the Motherland. Most of them are addressed to the moral essence of a person: good, evil, truth, pity, compassion. It is fun and interesting to get acquainted with proverbs and sayings in the game, using the method of "dynamic pictures". The game gives the child the opportunity to become not only an observer, but also a living participant in the events of past years, to touch the antiquity: take a pot out of the stove with a grip, raise a bucket of water from the well, shake the cradle. Dressing dolls in sarafans, shirts, shower warmers, aprons, children get acquainted with the peculiarities of the clothes of those times. During the game, preschoolers better understand the meaning of folklore works.

Stages of working with dynamic pictures:

• - conversation on the "picture" (dialogue between children and educator);
• - independent story (monologue of the child);
• - the dynamics of the development of the plot: by rearranging the dolls, moving objects, the children come up with a continuation of the story, which subsequently turns into an amateur role-playing game.

Introducing the child to folklore, the teacher develops not only speech activity, but also the cognitive sphere, moral qualities, aesthetic perception.

In the process of educating and educating preschoolers, folk pedagogy has always attached great importance to the use various kinds art. Products of folk craftsmen are very colorful and elegant. They carried through the centuries the ability to create various works of decorative and applied art, passing their skills from generation to generation, generously introducing into them a patterned solution, amazing colorfulness, and elegance.

Decorating his life, work or play of a child, in artistic activity, a person tried to instill in him a love for beauty, to develop in him artistic taste. Considering folk art as the basis of national culture, it is considered very important to introduce children to it, since it not only instills a love of beauty, develops a sense of color, creativity, but in general contributes to the aesthetic, moral, patriotic education preschoolers.

Knowledge and ideas about applied arts are the people's memory of preserving the spiritual heritage, linking the present, past and future.

Folk game - the most important way transmission of the wealth of tradition from one generation to the next. It is aimed at understanding the surrounding reality, mastering the customs, traditions, rituals of one's people, as well as mastering the skills and abilities necessary for life. “Traditional children's games are a universal means of education, since they not only educate the child's mind, but also temper him morally and physically, and improve health. They reflect all areas of folk art.

In addition, folk games, introducing children to national culture, infect them with positive emotions. All collective folk games teach children to be attentive to their partners in the game, to find mutual language, it forms in students the ability to understand, the social feeling of another person, the ability to cooperate. Through games, the child was instilled respect for the existing order of things, folk customs, was carried out accustoming him to the rules of behavior. Games for children are serious activities, a kind of lessons that prepare them for work, for adulthood. Game preceding social activities, as if it is its general rehearsal, sometimes merges with labor holidays and enters, as an integral element, into the final part of labor, and even into the very process of labor.

“The teacher, using folk games in the educational process, should tell children about the life of the people whose game they have to play, show illustrations that reflect the culture of the people, household items and art. Children will be interested in games that reflect the traditional customs of the people.

Russian folk games include: “Inflate the Bubble”, “Carousels”, “Lapta”, “Zhmurki”, “Tail and Head”, etc. Children love funny counting rhymes, draws that help to “honestly” determine the driver in the game.

The classics of Russian folk pedagogy are such didactic games as "Forty-white-sided", "Guli-ghuli", "Ladushki", "Jumpers" - for younger children. For preschool seniors - "Lady", "Paints", "Fants" and many others. In such games, the possibility of developing activity, skill, initiative, and ingenuity is laid down. Here the need for movement inherent in preschoolers, in communication with peers, finds expression, they contain abundant food for the work of the mind, imagination. Fiction, joke, humor, optimistic character - distinctive features Russian folk games. They teach the child to overcome difficulties, rejoice in winning, courageously endure failure. In each folk game a complex of educational tasks is being solved. So, the game "Lady", in which there are many prohibitory rules, develops memory, flexibility of thinking, unobtrusively teaches the child endurance, the ability to subordinate feelings to reason.

A folk toy is one of the means of conveying the traditions of the Russian people, their culture. It reflects the way of life, mores and customs of the people, the achievement folk art. Researchers of folk pedagogy noted the need to use traditional games and toys in the system of educating preschool children.

Through a folk toy, a child first gets acquainted with folk art. The folk toy teaches the child to understand the beauty and history of the Russian people.

In traditional Russian culture, along with folklore, ritual holidays, ritual amulets, objects of applied art, the ritual doll occupies a special place. Since ancient times, a rag doll has been a traditional toy of the Russian people. She accompanied a person from birth to death and was an indispensable attribute of any holidays. Playing with dolls was encouraged by adults, because, while playing with them, the child learned to manage the household, acquired the image of a family, in doll games, children involuntarily learned to sew, embroider, spin, comprehended the traditional art of dressing, they brought up such qualities as perseverance, thrift, love to the neighbors. The doll is not born by itself: it is created by a person. “Being a part of the culture of all mankind, the doll retains in its image the originality and characteristic features of the people who create it. This is the main value of the traditional folk doll.

E. A. Flerina spoke about the folk toy, its influence on the development of the cognitive interest of children, on acquaintance with the traditions of the Russian people. She argued that the toy of each nation has its own pedagogical, artistic and technical traditions. These traditions are determined by the national identity of culture, way of life, and pedagogy. “A folk toy awakens a child’s thought and fantasy with its form, technique, movement, fabulousness. Looking at the toy, we can say that it is like a fairy tale for a child. Toys were made of wood, straw, clay. Painted toys were made by caring peasant hands to please a son or daughter. Peasant children were brought up in severity, but they did not forget to please them with a toy. This is also traditional for the way of life of the people, where each thing has its place, each business has its own time, old age - respect, youth - care and affection.

In kindergarten in the classroom for visual activities or in joint activities with older children, you can make toys yourself: sculpt from clay, make from straw, knit from threads or make a twisted doll from rags, and then give them to younger children.

Russian folk traditions open up great opportunities for children, giving them knowledge and experience in organizing and self-regulating their activities. They help to develop the ability to manage one's own actions, feelings and states, actions in accordance with the interests of other people, the requirements of public duty.

In folk pedagogical practice, we find a conscious and unconscious desire to use every part, area of ​​life for educational purposes. A benefit for education is the whole life with its working days, holidays, nature, wildlife, songs, fairy tales.

Pedagogical experience people are enshrined in various rituals associated with the newborn, with the first steps of the baby, with his familiarization with the interests of the family. We can also talk about the pedagogical orientation of communication, art, folk art, the traditions of hospitality and the Russian feast, respect for elders - all this is a folk memory that connects the past and present with the future.

Bibliography

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Methodological development "Folk traditions in games as a means of patriotic education of preschoolers"

Competition of methodological developments

MKDOU Yaya Kindergarten "Solnyshko" educator of the highest qualification category - Nadelyaeva Galina Anatolyevna. Yaya, 2017

Currently, the task of preserving national traditions, the formation of a person's national self-consciousness is relevant.

The kindergarten, solving the problems of the versatile development of children by means of Russian folk culture, prefers Russian folk games.

Such games have absorbed the best national traditions. They clearly reflect the way of life of people, their work, way of life, national foundations.

There is a lot of humor, jokes, and enthusiasm in folk games, which makes them especially attractive for children. The accessibility and expressiveness of folk games activates the mental work of the child, contributes to the expansion of ideas about the world around, the development of mental processes.

Folk games have everything: folklore text, music, dynamism of actions, and excitement. At the same time, they have strictly defined rules, and each player is accustomed to joint and coordinated actions, to respect for the conditions of the game accepted by all. In such games, one can excel, if this does not violate the established order - this is the pedagogical value of folk games.

Without a game, there is not, and cannot be
full mental development.
The game is a huge bright window,
through which spiritual world child
flow of life flowing
ideas, concepts.
The game is the spark that ignites the fire
inquisitiveness and curiosity.

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

We live in an amazing time: there are many different discoveries, our life does not stand still. People and children change, but the nature of childhood remains the same as it was many years ago: children grow up, play, learn about the world.

Sometimes the flow of information is large and very complex. Children, having plunged into it, go with the flow, like adults. Lost interest in our fairy tales, games, they are replaced by cartoons and games of the West.

In the family, and even in kindergarten, there is an abundance of toys that are bought constantly and do not carry artistic meaning and expression. The child's attitude towards them is spontaneous: he played and abandoned, tore and forgot. And it is easier for parents to throw it away than to repair it together with the child, to instill love and good relations to human labor.

Adults today are not interested in their history, do not know their family tree and do not pass on the skills and abilities of the older generation to children. Meanwhile, in any country they honor and carefully treat their history and traditions.

No, and there cannot be a real citizen of his country if he lacks love for the Fatherland.

Is it possible to cultivate love for one's Motherland by a simple statement that the Motherland must be loved? It does not even require proof that the formation of our worldview is greatly influenced by emotions, sensory perception of familiar facts, events in the history and culture of our people. How rich is Russian culture and what is our pride in? We must convey to children and instill in their hearts love and respect for our Motherland. It is very important that children emotional basis received initial knowledge that would have aroused interest in the topic already at preschool age.

Childhood is the time when a genuine, sincere immersion into the origins of national culture, to Russian roots is possible. While reading fairy tales to children, memorizing nursery rhymes and jokes, you notice how the eyes of children begin to shine with joy, interest in Russian folk art lights up in the soul.

After all, it is impossible to imagine a folk rite without national clothes, music, items peasant life. In the ritual, all this is combined.

One acceptable way is through children's traditional play. They often say: “If you want to know the soul of the people, take a closer look at how and what your children play” Therefore, more attention should be paid to introducing children to folk games and fun.

Games are an integral part of the international, artistic and physical education of children of all ages.

The game is a school of education. It has its own "academic subjects" . Some of them develop dexterity, accuracy, speed and strength in children; others teach the wisdom of life, goodness and justice, honor and decency, love and duty. The game forms high morality.

Calendar folk games are invaluable national wealth. They are of interest not only as a genre of oral folk art. They contain information about Everyday life our ancestors - their way of life, work, worldview.

Games were an indispensable element of folk ritual holidays.

The main condition for the successful introduction of folk games into the lives of children has always been and remains a deep knowledge and fluency in an extensive game repertoire, rich and diverse in content.

Experience in kindergarten to familiarize children with Russian folk culture is the result of observations, practical developments, which are based on the theory of the development of the child as a person, his socialization. Properly organized upbringing and the process of assimilation by the child of the experience of social life, the formed condition for the active knowledge of the preschooler of the social reality surrounding him, is of decisive importance in the formation of the foundations of personality.

From the first years of a child's life, introducing him to culture, universal values ​​helps to lay the foundation of morality, patriotism in him, forms the foundations of self-awareness and individuality.

Work on introducing children to Russian folk culture must begin already at a younger preschool age. Love small child A preschooler's love for the Motherland begins with a relationship with the closest people - father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, with love for his home, the street on which he lives, the kindergarten, the city. In oral folk art, as nowhere else, the special features of the Russian character, its inherent moral values, ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, courage, diligence, and fidelity have been preserved. All types of folklore must be widely used (fairy tales, songs - nursery rhymes, proverbs, sayings, riddles, round dances, etc.).

Introducing children to sayings, riddles, proverbs, fairy tales, we thus introduce them to universal moral values. Children know and play with interest didactic games. "Name the story" , "Find out what fairy tale the hero is from" , "Riddles and Riddles" , "I will start and you continue" , "Wonderful bag" , "What was before, what is now" and much more.

Middle preschool age great place in familiarizing children with folk culture, acquaintance with Russian folk traditions, such as honoring old age, hospitality, mutual assistance, and the traditions of Russian cuisine, should be occupied. great attention devote to getting to know Russian folk costume. Children will learn that women in Russia not only adorned clothes with embroidery for beauty, but also as a talisman. Also introduce children to Russian holidays: Christmas, Maslenitsa, Easter. How our ancestors celebrated these holidays, what has changed since that time, what traditions have remained.

In preschool age, it is very important to introduce children to decorative painting and applied arts. Children expand their knowledge of the Russian folk toy (wooden, clay, doll - homemade). We introduce folk craft: Dymkovo toy, Filimonov toy, Kargopol toy, Khokhloma painting, Gzhel, etc.

Throughout the preschool age, to acquaint children with Russian folk outdoor games: "At the bear in the forest" , "Fox and Hares" , "White Bunny sits" and etc.; round dance: "Get up, get up Ivanushka" , "Bye-bye" , "Sleep, my joy, sleep..."

As a result, children receive primary ideas about culture and its history, about the role of museums in preserving the cultural values ​​of the Russian people. Learn to distinguish types folk arts, a genre of artistic and folklore creativity. They have an idea about Russian traditions and holidays.

Thus, it is necessary to educate a patriot on specific heroic examples, historical events, on folk traditions and rules, according to which mighty Russia lived for centuries. It is necessary, together with the children, to constantly trace the connection between antiquity and the present day, to make it clear to the child that he is the master of his homeland.

I am human!
I live on this earth!
Here is my home, my close and dear people.
I love this earth

my motherland, everything that lives
and rejoice with me.
I want to learn how to take care of them!
I dance, sing, listen to the music of my people!

I am learning to make, draw from the best craftsmen your Earth!
They read me fairy tales, legends, epics about heroes,
their exploits, about kindness and courage, about the eternal victory of good over evil!
This is all my homeland!

Characteristics of folk outdoor games

Many types of Russian folklore, including outdoor games, date back in their origin to the primitive communal system. But there is almost no information about this. The ancient chroniclers were more interested in the structure of the lives of adults, describing their wars and the characters of their leaders, in a word, the more political side of life, they usually paid too little attention to children, and they imagined their games, apparently, as hardly permissible children's pranks.

Most folk games are rooted in religious layers of life. For example, one of the reasons for the emergence of outdoor games are ritual games associated with superstitions and prejudices. A significant part of Russian folk art is associated with paganism.

In addition, the culture of Russia developed on the basis of the most severe exploitation of the working people, mainly the peasantry.

All this was reflected in the games that were part of the life of the Russian people.

The game permeated to varying degrees almost all areas of oral folk art: from the song, which "played" , and before the wedding - a kind of dramatic game with a well-defined ritual-playing behavior of each character. special shapes ritual-play behavior can be found in calendar ceremonies and folk games arranged for Christmas time, Maslenitsa, Trinity, Kupala night, etc.

The game at that time was not just leisurely entertainment, but a way of organizing the economic, family and social life of a person.

The game taught and instructed. The game developed all human abilities: intelligence, observation, dexterity, endurance, plasticity, the ability to communicate as circumstances require.

An interesting example of a ritual game, during which songs were sung with the obligatory mention of Lada (organic compound agrarian deity and patroness of marriage, containing the name of Lada), can serve as a well-known game “And we sowed millet” .

And here is another game of this period in the life of the Russian people, but already from children's folklore - burners. We read about it in S.K. Yakub: “Russian historians of the last century directly connected the burners with the customs of the pagan Slavs. Every year on the longest day of the summer solstice (June 23) the Slavs had a holiday Yarila (and later - Kupala) dedicated to the sun. By evening, our distant ancestors - the Slavs - converged on the banks of the rivers, lit fires for night games, jumped over the fire and bathed, "to meet the rising luminary in purity." On the same night, the "kidnapping" of the girls took place. On the origin of the very name of the game - "burners" - testifies the Russian historian, famous collector folk tales A.N. Afanasiev. Here is what he writes about this: “In the epic language of folk songs ... it is sung:

Not fire burns, not resin boils,
A burning-boiling zealous heart
By the red girl...

Burners begin with the onset of spring, when the goddess Lada was famous, when nature itself enters into its fertile union with the thunder god and the earth is taken for its kind.

Obviously, this game belongs to deep antiquity ... ".

In winter Christmas time, at festive gatherings, a game song was also performed "Drema" , also associated with calendar holidays, the rules of conduct in which are inherited from ancient pagan times.

It can be assumed that the Sandman here is the image of the Sun, which is awakened, lightly, jokingly reproached, waiting for warmth from it:

Will, Dryomushka, doze off,
Enough, Sandman, ashamed to sleep.
Get up!

For the holidays "they drove the goat" who made everyone laugh with her antics. Perhaps part of the dramatic scenes with this character is a game where the goat should show how old women, old men, girls, well done jump and, finally, the goat itself, that is, the people are having fun, waiting for spring.

Possibly to the holy game song "I'm burying gold" rises the famous children's game "Ring" ("Ring, ring, come out on the porch" ) .

In another child's game "Kostroma" , scientists find echoes of an ancient pagan ritual game in honor of Kostroma, who personified the spring-summer deity. Young girls and women made a scarecrow out of straw, dressed it in an elegant sundress, decorated it with flowers, put it in a trough and, imitating a funeral, carried it to the river with songs. There they sang all night, danced round dances, and then Kostroma was undressed and thrown into the river, mourning her death, along with which all summer round dances and festivities ended. The time of summer suffering has come. And in the children's refrain the words about ancient meaning games:

We dressed up Kostroma,
Spring-summer was seen off.

Although the entertainment function is strengthened in it: the outcome of the game is, in essence, traps, because children need to run!

Many games in symbolic form show the warmth and tenderness of relationships in the family.

Such is, for example, "Utena" :

Walked through the meadows
built a nest,
Took the kids out
Collected children.

Folk tradition creates an image of affectionate, bright:

The duckling swam through the blue lakes,
Wet the legs,
Wet the wings,
Wings fluttered,

She fluttered onto the shore.

She will become a kind, reliable mother to her children. And our children absorb together with the game this tenderness, poured into a simple melody.

During the game, the host of the game - the duckling, shows simple movements in accordance with the words of the text, which allows it to be used with preschool children.

In spring and summer there were different ball games. One example of such a game was lapta.

The famous Russian writer very aptly spoke about the meaning of the lapta

A. Kuprin. He noted that this folk game is one of the most interesting and useful games... In bast shoes you need: resourcefulness, resourcefulness, deep breathing, loyalty to his party (team), attentiveness, fast running, a sharp eye, the firmness of a hand strike and the eternal confidence that you will not be defeated.

One of the most fascinating children's folk outdoor games with a ball that lives to this day is a shtander. This game is very old, it was played in the last century. Played it on the street, under open sky, boys and girls played together, age didn't matter.

In the common people, most often the balls for this game were made from rags and they were stuffed with rags. In the northern provinces, balls were woven from bast - straps made from the bark of linden, birch or willow. Inside, such balls were empty and stuffed with sand. In some areas, balls were made from sheep's wool. A piece of wool was first rolled up, trying to give it a round shape. When the lump rolled well, they threw it into boiling water and left it there for half an hour. Then they took it out of the water, rolled it again and dried it. Such a ball was light and soft, and its elasticity was not inferior to rubber.

In the evenings, at the festivities, such games were played as: "I walked on the grass" , "Hare" , "Turnip" , "Radish" , "Water" , "Grandfather Mazai" and others.

In such games, from Fomin Sunday until Peter's Day, everyone joyfully participated, from young to old. It was a true school of folk play: a synthesis of dexterous and strong movement, dramatic role-playing, and singing.

Children's folk outdoor games reflected not only ritual traditions, carried not only echoes of religious beliefs, but also showed social life various segments of the population.

Wonderful Games "Colorful" , "In the pots" are a role-playing imitation of buying and selling at a fair, in a trading shop, where a dialogue between a buyer and a seller unfolds, and the final game, as a rule, is a run.

Here's a favorite children's game "I was born a gardener" opens up a completely different life. She has love. She, apparently, came from the city no earlier than in the 18th century, when the fashion for gallantry, a completely different type of rituality, went from the Petrovsky assemblies. "secular" relations.

But these games also came in handy for the children, as they are built on the principles they love: dialogism and dynamics, the comicality of imaginary situations, the need for speed and the right reaction.

A polyphonic, cheerful life reminds of itself with the cries of sellers, for example, in the game "Edible-Inedible" .

Another game borrowed from adults and survived to our times is the game "Shackles" ("Chains forged" ) . It is assumed that this game is an echo of the ritual of choosing a bride or showing the desire of Russian people for freedom:

forged chains,
Unleash us.
Which of you?
- Light (Tanya, etc.).

reflection of everyday working life we see peasants in games like "Fishing rod" and "Fishermen and Fish" . Russian villages usually stood along the banks of rivers and streams, lakes, so every self-respecting boy has dust rods. The children watched with interest the fishing with large seine nets. So how could they not come up with a game where you can fish with a fishing rod or nets?

Children's imagination is limitless. From generation to generation, from older to younger, outdoor games were passed on and thus have come down to our days. But besides this, each generation of children came up with their own outdoor games, which could be defined as modern children's game folklore, for example, playing "Rubber" , in "Banks" and others.

Play remains the main activity for children.

Games give me the opportunity to make the process of raising children interesting, joyful. Children in the game acquire a good mood, the joy of communicating with their peers, and this enhances their ability to enjoy life in the future, leads to better health and better spiritual development.

During the ritual holidays dedicated to different cycles of the agricultural calendar, it was customary to play Russian folk games.

Conclusion:

Folk outdoor games cause active work thoughts, contribute to expanding horizons, clarifying ideas about the world around us, improving all mental and physical processes, stimulates the transition child's body to a higher level of development.

The game situation captivates and educates the child, and the beginnings and dialogues found in some games directly characterize the characters and their actions, which must be skillfully emphasized in the image, which requires active mental activity from children.

There is a lot of cognitive material in folk outdoor games that contributes to the expansion of the sensory sphere of the child, the development of his thinking and independence of action.

There is a lot of humor, jokes, competitive enthusiasm in folk games; the movements are precise and figurative, often accompanied by unexpected funny moments, tempting and beloved by children, counting rhymes, draws, and nursery rhymes. They retain their artistic charm, aesthetic value and constitute the most valuable, undeniable game folklore.

The main condition for the successful introduction of folk outdoor games into the life of preschoolers has always been and remains a deep knowledge and fluency in an extensive game repertoire, as well as the methodology of pedagogical guidance. The educator, creatively using the game as an emotional and imaginative means of influencing children, awakens interest, imagination, achieving active performance of game actions.

So, folk games in combination with other educational means are the basis initial stage formation of a harmoniously developed personality, combining spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection.

Literature:

1. Alexandrova E. Yu. The system of patriotic education in the preschool educational institution // Volgograd: Teacher, 2007, 203 pages.
2. Aleshina N.V. Patriotic education of preschoolers // M .: TsGL, 2005, 205 p.
3. Knyazeva O. L., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture // Program of St. Petersburg: ACCIDENT, 1997, 300 pages.
4. Where does the Motherland begin? (experience in patriotic education in a preschool educational institution) ed. L. A. Kondrykinskaya. M: Sphere, 2003, 192 pages.
5. Internet resources

Organization: MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 125 "Dubok"

Location: Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary

Interest in the past, in one's roots, in the history, culture, life of the people, naturally arising at a certain stage of development human society, there is global trend. It is only on the basis of the past that one can understand the present and foresee the future. And a people that does not pass on all the most valuable things from generation to generation is a people without a future.

The main task of educators is to create conditions for the active development of the culture of the native people, the preservation of its traditions. It is preschool childhood that is the time when a genuine, sincere immersion in the origins of national culture is possible.

National revival, the re-creation of progressive folk traditions is impossible without bringing into action the primordial traditions of education, ethnopedagogy. Ethnopedagogy studies the process of social and social interaction and influence, during which a person is brought up and developed; assimilates social norms, values, experience; collects and systematizes folk knowledge about the upbringing and education of children, folk wisdom reflected in religious teachings, folklore, folk games and toys, folk life and traditions.

Therefore, the study of folk art is very important to identify the valuable that each nation invests in world culture.

For the formation of the personality of a preschooler, a national holiday is important in several aspects:

Folk holidays introduce children to the folk traditions and history of the Russian people, the originality of life, customs, costume, relationships between adults and children;

Folk holidays are associated with the education of respect for moral values: honesty, conscientiousness, kindness and mercy, generosity, justice, etc.;

Methodically competent holding of folk holidays forms the festive culture of preschool children.

The diverse educational functions of folk holidays (developing, informational and educational, cultural and creative) determine the expediency of the widespread use of this form of moral influence in the education of preschool children.

Folk holidays have always been an integral part of the spiritual culture of the people, their lives. It is impossible to find a period in the history of mankind in which there would be no holiday.

In Russian, the term "holiday" comes from the adjective "idle", meaning "not busy", and "idle time" - a period when one does not need to work.

In the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language V.I. pertaining to a place, to a person.

What is the phenomenon of the Russian folk holiday?

Any national holiday embodies universal values, the moral experience of the people, their worldview, understanding of work, morality, human relations. These are such national holidays as Maslenitsa, Christmas, Trinity, the Day of the Intercession. In addition, the holiday required an emphatically respectful attitude of people to each other, hospitality to everyone, even strangers, as well as the participation of all in the general fun and festive meal. All these attributes of the holiday contained a high educational potential for the formation of moral foundations. younger generation. Today, recreating all the rituals and traditions of festive culture in the scenario of a national holiday, the teacher of a preschool educational institution forms the foundations of moral culture: respect for the elderly, honoring parents, being friendly, hospitable, kind.

Household folk holidays were timed to coincide with certain achievements of a person, for example, family and labor, military - for men, home economics - for women. Domestic Russian folk holidays include such as "The Name of the Ploughman", "Smotriny", "Girlfriend", "Fistfight", "Quadrile Gatherings". The calendar folk holidays include folk holidays of the spring - summer and autumn - winter cycles. These are Shrovetide, Larks, Trinity, Ivan Kupala, Mokrins, Autumn, Pokrov, Christmas, Kapustnik. The use of these holidays in the educational system of a preschool educational institution allows educators to form a system of universal values ​​in preschool children, rules of behavior in society and the family.

In folk pedagogy, a certain type of folk holiday has developed - ritual, which includes a system of mandatory actions (rites). The obligatory components of the ritual folk holiday are:

- "beginning" of the holiday (a bright theatrical spectacle - an announcement about the beginning of the celebration);

- "revelry" and "break" of the holiday (reproduction by the participants of the holiday of certain holiday rituals that divide each holiday into two halves - before the middle of the holiday and after it). Festive actions - rituals fixed certain spiritual and moral attitudes in the minds of people, regulated relations between people, including between parents and children.

- "recession" of the holiday (organized completion of the festive festivities with rituals culminating in content corresponding to each holiday).

Rituals were an important component of any folk holiday in Russia. “Rites are a set of actions established by custom, related to household traditions; the usual order, the ceremony of something, ”we read in explanatory dictionary V. Dahl.

For example, one of the viable customs of the Russian people was the custom of helping in work. There was also such a custom: the owner, at the end of work, treated the workers to a good dinner. Any kind of work ended with songs, dances, fun. Many rituals of the Russian people have survived to the present day and are widely used during folk holidays.

In folk pedagogy, folk holidays and ceremonies are considered a means of expressing the mood, beliefs, worldview of the individual. They not only symbolically reflect and deepen the feelings of a person, but also greatly ennoble him. The educational value of folk holidays and rituals lies in the fact that they provide an opportunity to express their feelings and thoughts, awaken emotional feelings and experiences.

In the life of every nation, the holiday plays a communicative, regulatory, compensatory, emotional, psychological, ideological, moral and educational role.

The main goal of the moral education of preschoolers on the basis of folk rituals and holidays is the acquisition of moral experience by children, the inheritance of the spiritual heritage of the Russian people, and the achievement of a culture of interpersonal and interethnic relations.

What educational orientation national holiday?

The educational orientation of folk holidays for a preschool child is that they spiritually enrich the child, expand his understanding of the history and traditions of the Russian people, and allow him to master the elements of the festive culture of the Russian people.

The educational orientation of the holiday is also expressed in the fact that it is an excellent tool for activating the speech of preschoolers, its communicative function, because. the use of elements of folklore as folk wisdom in the holiday, activates the vocabulary of children, allows you to hear the beauty of the native language.

A folk holiday is a synthesis of almost all types of arts: literature, music, painting. That is why it is more expedient to introduce preschool children to folk traditions in the form of a holiday. At the same time, it is important not only to give children new knowledge, but also to organize their direct participation in the performance of rituals, singing folk songs, and dramatizations.

Holidays are a great opportunity for preschoolers to showcase a wide variety of talents, as main feature holiday is its creative theatrical basis. This is an opportunity to unite children and adults with a common goal, to remove some internal conflicts to feel the joy of communication, the joy of joint creativity.

Preparation for the holiday always arouses interest in children, on the basis of which artistic taste is formed, the unity of children and adults. The most important thing is that no one should be a passive contemplator. We tried to give vent to children's aspirations for creativity, to help satisfy their desire to participate in games, dances, dramatizations, in the design of the hall, group. This contributes to the socialization of the child, forms his active position and causes a desire to preserve the traditions and customs of the Russian people.

The property of folk holidays is to joyfully transform everything around; help people more vividly experience and comprehend events from the life of nature and spiritual history, which makes them an indispensable tool in educational work with kids. Children perfectly feel the semantic depth of festive images, instinctively comprehending them, despite the artificially interrupted transmission of traditions from generation to generation. Surprisingly, but in our time, children who have come into contact with folk holidays in kindergarten can often help their parents discover a new world full of harmony and joy.

Modern holidays and ceremonies are richly saturated with folk art activities, they sharply oppose the old, religious rites. In popular culture, one can find various forms holidays: holidays-concerts, holidays-performances. Such holidays bring joy, entertainment to those who come to them as spectators, and no less joy and pleasure to those who are "artists".

An indispensable material for pedagogical work is children's traditional games: as an independent cultural complex and as an element of national holidays.

An important element of education can also be familiarity with the traditional folk costume (of course, in its original, not "theatrical" form), its manufacture and wearing during the holidays. Indeed, in clothes, the people embody their ethical and aesthetic ideas, concepts of the harmony of the world and man.

Since the main goal children's holiday is the introduction of preschool children to the traditional festive culture, the development of children's creativity, the issue of the content of the festive action is especially important.

Gradually, holidays began to be considered as one of the main means of interaction with parents, as this contributed to the active involvement of parents in the pedagogical process. Educators began to involve parents in preparing for festive events: to the manufacture of folk festive costumes, dolls, to participate in the fun. Moms and dads have ceased to be spectators, but have become active and full participants. This form of celebration created a trusting relationship between teachers and parents. And most importantly, it showed each child the great importance of the family in his life, revealed the potential of children, clearly made it possible to see ways to use this potential, helped to notice the problems of the child “from the inside”, made parents think about how they would like to see their children and what they could have time to correct. After all, now mom and dad went to the holiday hand in hand and sat next to the child, one " big family". In addition, parents began to awaken a desire to reflect on what they wanted and could convey to their children, how cultural heritage during and during the holidays.

When organizing holidays, we tried to create a joyful mood in the child, an emotional upsurge and form knowledge of the traditions of the national holiday, the features of organizing a festive action, the rules for inviting guests and guest etiquette.

Thus, introducing children to the origins of Russian folk holiday culture, we diversify the personality of each child, who, we hope, will be the bearer of the traits of the Russian character, the Russian mentality.

Literature:

1. Knyazeva O.A., Makhaneva M.D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture. - St. Petersburg: "CHILDHOOD-PRESS", 1998.

2. Kartushina M.Yu. Theatrical performances for children and adults. - M .: TC Sphere, 2005.

Marina Katakova
Summary of the lesson "Customs and traditions of the Russian people" (preparatory group)

Target. Arouse children's interest in Russian traditions. To consolidate the knowledge of children about the name of the country in which they live, about its way of life, some historical events, culture. Raise interest in the native land, its past, teach to see the beauty folk rituals, wisdom traditions develop a sense of pride in one's own people and their past. Raise interest in local culture customs and traditions of the Russian people

Lesson progress

1. Greeting. Hello my guys. Today I want to talk to you about our country. What is the name of the country we live in? (Russia)

Ride across the seas - oceans,

It is necessary to fly over the whole earth:

There are different countries in the world

But one like ours is not to be found.

Our bright waters are deep.

The land is wide and free.

And the factories rumble without ceasing,

And the fields are noisy, blooming.

Every day is like an unexpected gift

Every day is good and beautiful.

Ride across the seas, oceans,

But you won't find a richer country.

Russia is a very big and beautiful country. There are a lot of forests in Russia, in which there are many different animals, many berries and mushrooms grow. Many rivers flow through the whole country. One of the largest rivers is the Volga. And there are a lot of different fish in the rivers. There are many mountains in Russia. Various minerals are mined in the mountains - coal, diamonds, iron ore. Yes, our country is very beautiful and rich. It arose a very long time ago, it has an ancient and interesting story. Our country - Russia - is very rich in wise traditions and beautiful customs. Today we will take a trip to the past.

2. We listen. Get ready to hear the story

About Russia and about us.

Russia is wooden - the edges are expensive,

Here for a long time Russian people live,

They glorify their homes,

Razdolnye Russian songs are sung.

There used to be many principalities in Russia. The princes fought each other and seized each other's lands. Prince Yuri of Moscow was nicknamed Dolgoruky because he annexed other lands to his principality. But when foreign enemies attacked Russia, all the princes united to fight them. And then they decided to unite forever, they chose the main prince for themselves, he began to be called the king. And Russia became a big and strong state.

A long time ago in Russia, people built their dwellings from logs. Such houses are called huts. And everything in the hut was made of tree: and the floor, and the ceiling, and furniture, and even dishes (slide show). Guys, do you know proverbs and sayings about a hut, a house?

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

The hut is not red with corners, but the hut is red with pies.

Without a master, a house is an orphan.

To live at home - to grieve about everything.

AT home and thicker porridge.

The stove in the old days was very important in the house. Food was cooked in the oven, bread was baked. She heated the hut. She also took care of small children. Running through the deep snow, they warmed their feet on the stove. Furnaces are very rare these days. (slide show).

Everyone has it people have their own traditions. Tradition is not a Russian word, it is translated from Latin as transmission, i.e. tradition is that that is passed down from one generation to the next. Traditions are family. What kind Do you have traditions in your family?? For example, almost all families have tradition celebrate the birthday of family members and give gifts on this day. (Children's answers.) Every person is given a name when he is born. Often a child is named after a grandmother or grandfather. How was name day celebrated in Russia in the old days? Previously, if a child was born on the birthday of a saint, then he was given his name. It was believed that if the name of the child is chosen well, then the child will be happy.

In the old days it was Russian custom, they whiled away winter evenings together, had a get-together. Women and young girls in the evenings sewed, embroidered, spun, and sang songs while working. Who sits at the spinning wheel, who sculpts dishes from clay, grinds other spoons and bowls, then they drag out the song, then they joke around. This is how they got their job done. (slide show).

After all, they say in people: "Out of boredom, take matters into your own hands", and what proverbs and sayings about labor do you know?

-"Skillful hands do not know boredom"

- "Without work there is no good",

- "The work of the master is afraid",

- “You can’t pull a fish out of the pond without labor”,

- “What is the spin, such is the shirt on it”

Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.

To live without work is only to smoke the sky.

Russians people in the old days loved to meet guests.

Welcome dear guests! Fun and joy to you! Come on, make yourself at home! We have a place and a word for everyone. Are you comfortable, dear guests. Can everyone see, can everyone hear, is there enough room for everyone? In crowded but not mad. Let's sit side by side and have a good conversation.

Russian people always famous for his songs. And also Russian people composed very interesting tales. Do you know why these fairy tales are called folk? They were invented Russian people. They were passed from grandmothers to grandchildren, from parents to children. Yes, guys, there were no books in the family, and therefore fairy tales were told in the evenings to small children. (Children approach the book exhibition Russian folk tales, call them heroes).

In Russia at all times there were many craftsmen. Good reputation enjoyed in people are good craftsmen. About the master who was not afraid of any work, spoke: "Handyman", "Master - golden hands". And admiring a job well done, they said So: “It’s not as expensive as red gold, but as expensive as good workmanship”. How talented Russian people! From an ordinary log, craftsmen could cut a box in which small items were stored. And even a chest of drawers will be made, where the clothes were put away. And what Russian a hut without creaking floorboards, without multi-colored rugs that were woven on a wooden loom or knitted with their own hands. (slide show).

Our ancestors always honored the holidays, but they did not celebrate them quite the way they do now. Usually all holidays began with a solemn service in the church, and continued on the street, in the field, on the lawns. To the music, or even without it, they danced round dances, sang, danced, started funny games. People dressed up in the best festive clothes. Delicious meals were prepared. Beggars and poor people were given gifts, fed for free. Everywhere the festive ringing of bells was heard.

The guys in the fall celebrated in Russia surprisingly beautiful holiday, the feast of the mountain ash, and celebrated it on September 23, the day of Saints Peter and Paul. Rowan was considered a tree-amulet. She was planted at the gates and gates. In autumn, rowan brushes were torn off and hung under the roof of the house. Rowan beads protected children from the evil eye and spoilage. (slide show).

The greatest and favorite holiday was Easter. This holiday has always been celebrated solemnly and cheerfully. And they celebrated it for a whole week.

Christ is risen!

Everywhere the blessing is buzzing

From all churches people bring down,

The dawn is already looking from heaven ...

Christ is risen! Christ is risen!

Blagovest - good news! On Easter night, everyone went to church, only the old people and small children remained at home. During the Easter service they always read such the words: “Let the rich and the poor rejoice with each other. Let the diligent and lazy have fun. Let no one cry, because God has given people forgiveness.” (slide show).

All seasons were loved in Russia. But especially waiting for autumn. They loved this time of the year because the main work in the fields, gardens, and kitchen gardens was completed. A rich harvest has been harvested, put into bins. And if the harvest is rich, the soul of the peasant is calm, he is not afraid of a long, harsh winter, you can relax and have some fun. The first autumn holiday, which was celebrated in Russia - the Assumption. (slide show).

It was dedicated to the meetings of autumn, the end of the harvest and the beginning of the Indian summer! The Assumption was celebrated on August 28. People congratulated each other on the end of the harvest, thanked God for the fact that they managed to harvest a rich harvest on time and without loss. In the fields, several ears of corn were specially left uncompressed, tied with a beautiful ribbon and sentenced.

God grant that next summer there will be a good harvest.

Bread, grow up!

Time to fly!

Until the new spring

Until the new summer

Until the new bread!

By this rite, they hoped to return the earth's productive power, the last sheaf taken down was a special honor. They put him in the front corner, under the icon, next to bread, salt, they bowed low to him!

The grown crop was obtained at a difficult price, a lot of human power was invested in it! Peasants worked from dawn to dusk, sparing neither themselves nor their time, because knew: The earth will give you water, the earth will feed you, you just don’t feel sorry for yourself for her.

On October 14, the feast of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was celebrated. This is a very revered holiday in Russia. After all, the Mother of God is considered the patroness of the earth Russian, our intercessor and helper. Snow often fell on Pokrov, so spoke: By Pokrov, they tried to insulate the hut. Weddings were played in the village that day. The village people pour out to admire the young, the groom and the bride. The wagons of the wedding train are festively removed, bells ring merrily under the arc, dashing horses, just touch them - they will gallop! Very interesting wedding ceremony in Russia. In the center of it was the bride. The first half of the wedding, she had to cry, grieve, saying goodbye to her friends, parents, free girl life. Gradually, sad, farewell songs were replaced by cheerful, majestic songs. On Pokrov in the villages, the harmonica played until morning, and the boys and girls walked in a crowd along the street and sang cheerful, daring ditties.

On October 14, the autumn pokrovsk fairs began, cheerful, plentiful, bright. Here one could see everything that the earth thanked people for their hard, painstaking work. There was a brisk trade in vegetables, fruits, bread, honey and other goods. They showed their skills craftsmen

Barkers: Hey? honest gentlemen!

Please visit us here!

How do we have containers - bars,

All kinds of goods...

Come, come...

Look, look. (Children take from the product folk- applied arts, prepared in advance by the educator.) Tell us about what you bought at the fair. (Children's stories about the Dymkovo toy, Khokhloma products, Gorodets painting, etc.) And what fun reigned at the fair! Here they rode on carousels, danced round dances, tried to show their strength, prowess, ingenuity, played funny games. The fair was awaited by everyone, young and old. Everyone wanted to receive a gift or a present from the fair. (slide show).

buffoon: Everyone hurry to the fair, hurry up. Come without hesitation. No tickets needed, present good mood. I brought a lot of different goods, come and buy. To whom is a whistle, to whom is a spoon, to whom is a scallop, and to whom is a pie?

Attention! Attention! festivities!

Hurry up honest people Shrove Tuesday calls everyone!

Let everyone here sing a ditty

And for that he will receive a dryer or a sweet pie,

Come quickly, my friend!

Come on, don't be shy.

Help yourself to sweets

There is traditions which arose a very long time ago and have survived to this day. Maslenitsa is one of the most beloved holidays Russian people. Since ancient times, in Russia there is custom- Say goodbye to winter and welcome spring. Pancakes are baked at Shrovetide - this is the main festive dish. Pancakes are generously poured with oil. Butter pancake is a symbol of the sun, a good harvest, healthy people. On carnival Russian people had fun: they played games, sang songs and danced round dances, arranged fistfights, on holidays men loved to measure their heroic strength. Not one holiday in Russia was complete without a round dance. Round dance means movement in a circle, chain, eights or other figures with songs, and sometimes with stage action. (slide show).

Maslenitsa is one of the most beloved holidays Russian people. This is the oldest holiday of seeing off winter and the meeting of the sun and spring. It goes on for a whole week. Every day of this week is special.

Monday - Maslenitsa meeting. They bake pancakes that look like the sun.

Tuesday - "Fun". They built slides, fortresses, hung swings, made a stuffed Maslenitsa.

Wednesday - "Gourmet". Definitely enjoyed the pancakes.

Thursday - « Wide Maslenitsa» . All food is pancake. Baked colorful pancakes (with carrots, beets and nettles, with buckwheat flour).

Friday - "Mother-in-law's evening". The family went for pancakes to grandmothers.

Saturday - "Zolovkina gatherings"- went to visit aunts and uncles.

Sunday - "Forgiveness Sunday". People on this day ask each other

Our country has tradition on the holiday of March 8 to give women flowers and gifts, in all countries there is tradition celebrate the New Year at 12 o'clock at night.

And there is traditions associated with the preparation of various dishes - traditional national cuisine. Various peoples Be sure to eat some of your national dish. National cuisine depends on what is grown in that or: another country. For example, rice is grown in China and Japan and therefore many dishes are prepared from rice. And what is grown in Russia? (Wheat, rye, various vegetables). In Russia, a lot of dishes are made from flour. For example, famous kalachi are baked only in Russia. (Bread products on the screen). What dishes can you tell me from flour that your mothers often make? (Pancakes, pancakes, pies).

And in Russia they are very fond of cabbage soup. What is cabbage soup made from? (Potato, cabbage, onion, carrot). In order to cook cabbage soup, you definitely need cabbage and other vegetables. At Russian people there is a saying "Schi and porridge are our food".

So what else do they like to cook in Russia? (porridge). And what can you cook porridge from? (From various cereals - millet, semolina, buckwheat, oatmeal).

In Russia, it is often very cold in winter and hot in summer. Which Russian Does the drink quench your thirst? (Kvass). They also make it from bread. But in winter, hot sbiten was sold at fairs - this is a drink made from honey, it warmed very well during frost.

3. We are talking.

We talked a lot about talent Russian people. What did he show up in?

What Russian people knew how to do well? (Make clay toys, compose interesting songs, very interesting tales, etc.)

Guys, why is Russia called wooden? (Once upon a time in Russia, people built their dwellings from logs).

What holidays were celebrated in Russia?

What is a blessing?

- Guys, what do you know about this feast of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos? (Snow often fell on Pokrov, so spoke: “Autumn before noon, and winter after noon!”, played weddings)

What holiday is celebrated Russians people in late winter and early spring? What is this tradition? (Maslenitsa holiday. This is the oldest holiday of seeing off winter and meeting the sun and spring).

How did the holidays begin in Russia?

What did people do on holidays?

How did people dress up?

What meal were you preparing?

What good deeds did you try to do?

What tradition?

Folk games have been preserved and have come down to our days, incorporating the best national traditions. For all folk games characterized by love Russian a person to fun and daring. Games are our childhood, they were passed down from generation to generation. We know games like "Traps", "Ring, ring, come out on the porch!" Guys, let me check if you know Russian folk games. I will guess now puzzles:

I do not see anything,

Even his nose.

Bandage on my face

There is such a game

It's called (Zhmurki)

I've been sitting in the grass for a long time

I'm not going out for anything.

Let them look, if not laziness,

For a minute, for a whole day (Hide and Seek)

Burn, burn bright

To not go out.

Stay at the bottom

Look at the field

Look at the sky

The birds are flying

The bells are ringing (burners)

4. We generalize. Guys, today we talked about our country, about talent Russian people, remembered some traditions. And in order for our country to remain great, we need to cherish our culture, observe customs and traditions that we have inherited from our ancestors.

They don't choose their families.

Starting to see and breathe

They receive a homeland in the world

Immutable, like father and mother.

Motherland, Motherland, dear lands,

Cornflower field, nightingale's song.

Tenderness, joy she shines,

Motherland, there is only one motherland on earth.

I love you, my Russia, for the clear light of your eyes,

5. We play. And also in people said: "Finished business - walk boldly", "Cause time - fun hour!" Let's take a break and play a game Russian folk game"Golden Gate". Children become pairs in a circle, facing each other, joining and raising their hands like a collar. Two people run in a circle between a couple of children. Children standing in pairs pronounce words.

Golden Gate

miss me

I will go myself

And I'll take my friends

Saying goodbye for the first time

The second time is forbidden

And the third time we won't let you through."

Couples put their hands down and whoever is caught in the gate, he does something, pays off (song, verse riddle, dance).

6. We create, we draw, we rejoice. Silhouette painting folk toys.

7. Farewell. Today, guys, we talked about our country, about talent Russian people, about different Russian traditions. The Russian people have a lot of traditions. Talk to your parents, find out from them what else Russian traditions they remember. Ask your parents what games they played as children and what attributes they had for those games. If you liked it and it was interesting, then place the silhouettes folk toys there where the sun is, if you didn’t like it, then where is the cloud.

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Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University

RUSSIANFOLKTRADITIONSHOWCONDITIONFORMORALEDUCATIONSENIORPRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Elizaveta Alexandrovna Omelchenko

cand. ped. Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and

methods of preschool education

G.Novosibirsk

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of moral education of children of senior preschool age in modern conditions. It is shown how folk traditions, folk toys, folk games, participation of children in folk holidays can be used in the moral education of older preschoolers.

Key words: moral education, children of senior preschool age, Russian folk traditions.

Currently, there is a growing interest in comprehending, strengthening and actively promoting national cultural traditions, embodied in original genres of folklore, family and everyday customs, rituals, and rituals.

Moral education is a purposeful process of introducing children to the moral values ​​of humanity and a particular society.

For the formation of any moral quality, it is important that it takes place consciously. Therefore, knowledge is needed, on the basis of which the child will develop ideas about the essence of moral quality, about its necessity and about the advantages of mastering it. The child should have a desire to master the moral quality, that is, it is important that there are motives for acquiring the appropriate moral quality.

“The high spirituality and morality inherent in traditional culture are the guarantors of a healthy lifestyle of the population, a harmonized organization of the way of life, respect for traditions, friendly relations with others, love and respect for nature.”

In the work of A. B. Izmailov, “Fairy tale materials” in Russian folk pedagogy for the education of preschoolers are presented, in the study of M. B. Kozhanova, the pedagogical process in a preschool educational institution is revealed in the context of the regional-ethnic orientation of education. It is considered as "a specially organized interaction (in the form of assistance) of teachers and pupils in the implementation of the content of education using the ideas of folk pedagogy, as well as features, factors, means, methods of public education in order to solve educational problems aimed at meeting the needs of society in a comprehensively developed personality and his child, his interests and needs, contributing to the development and socialization of him as a subject of an ethnic group and as a citizen.

In preschool pedagogy, interest in national identity is growing, attention is paid to the revival of folk traditions, the development and understanding of the role of one's nation, ethnic group in the world historical process. The task of the teacher in the context of this problem is to resolve the issue of predicting and realizing the potential of national traditions and customs; assistance in educating preschoolers of interest in their native culture.

The folk tradition is the mechanism that allows to include folk pedagogy in the modern educational process in a preschool educational institution. "Folk traditions are an effective means of moral development of preschoolers".

"Folk tradition is a phenomenon that is a way of storing and transmitting social experience, reproducing stable social relations, mass habits, beliefs, and customs." Folk tradition belongs to a certain people and conveys the way of life, life, customs, spirit, mind, disposition, direction, characteristic of it.

"Education on folk traditions contributes to the development of a culture of behavior, mutual understanding, the formation of religious tolerance, interethnic tolerance" .

The main task of the kindergarten is to lay the foundations of a spiritual and moral personality with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.

Traditions organize the connection of generations, they keep the spiritual and moral life of peoples. The succession of seniors and juniors is based precisely on traditions. The more diverse the traditions, the spiritually richer the people. Nothing unites people like tradition. "Tradition contributes to the restoration of the now lost heritage, such a restoration can be salvific for mankind." Therefore, it is so important to develop in a modern teacher respect for traditions, a positive attitude towards them, a desire to support and preserve them.

Folk traditions include holidays, rituals, customs, folk games, folk toys, traditional cuisine. As the main means of education, folk pedagogy uses all components of folk culture: folklore, songs, fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, games, toys, round dances, dances. “It is they who reveal the content of the upbringing and education of children, the basic moral rules and ideals, the understanding of good and evil, the norms of communication and human relations.”

The tasks of the educator who seeks to use folk traditions in his activities is to reveal the spiritual and moral potential of folk culture, to bring it to the child in an accessible form. We attach great importance to increasing the vocabulary of children, by semantic explanation of unfamiliar words, their origin (etymology) and historical meaning.

The methodological side of moral education using folk traditions involves: the creation and enrichment of a developing environment in a group and a preschool institution (based on):

Subject-information enrichment (objects of folk life, costumes of the people, models of folk dwellings, local history corners and expositions);

Samples of the creative activity of the Russian people (books, paintings, products of arts and crafts);

Emotional and value cultural significance (folk toys, objects of historical, spiritual, aesthetic value);

Significant and symbolic saturation (portraits of historical figures, photographs, coat of arms, flag of the Russian Federation, pre-revolutionary Russia, hometown)

Creation of mini-museums "Folk Toys", "Russian Hut", "From the History of Things", "Folk Doll", "Folk Musical Instruments",

Creation of galleries of folk art "Russian folk holidays", "Pottery art", "Decorative painting".

As a result, the developing environment of a group, a preschool institution functions in different dimensions: as a source of cognitive development, as a field for self-realization of the individual, and as an educational space that ensures the moral development of preschoolers.

Acquaintance with Russian folk traditions in the education of preschoolers can be divided into several priority areas:

Creation of the atmosphere of national life. The surrounding objects, for the first time awakening the soul of a child, nurturing in him a sense of beauty, should be national. This allows children from a very early age to understand that they are part of the great Russian people. It is known that the surrounding objects have a great influence on the formation of the spiritual qualities of the child - they develop curiosity, bring up a sense of beauty, contribute to the moral, mental, aesthetic development of the child.

Traditional and ritual holidays. Ritual holidays are closely connected with labor and various aspects of human social life, in all their integrity and diversity.

Folklore stood out from the single culture of primitive society as a result of the division of labor. Russian folklore is fairy tales, songs, ditties, pestles, proverbs, sayings, epics and so on. Getting acquainted with folklore, the child is attached to moral values.

Russian folk art. “The people showed their creative aspirations and abilities only in the creation of objects necessary in work and life. However, in this world of utilitarian things, the spiritual life of the people was reflected, their understanding of the world around them - beauty, nature, people, etc. folk craftsmen did not literally copy nature. Reality, colored by fantasy, gave rise to original images. This is how fabulously beautiful paintings on spinning wheels and dishes, patterns in lace and embroidery, fancy toys were born.

Russian folk games, toys. In Russian folk games, the color of customs, the originality of the self-expression of the people, the originality of the language, form and content of colloquial texts have been preserved. Children love funny counting rhymes, draws, accompanying games.

It is known that the game has long occupied an important place in the life of a child. Thanks to games, children learn to independently find a way out of a critical situation, quickly make decisions and implement them, take the initiative, that is, they acquire important qualities they need in their future life, cause active thought, help expand their horizons, clarify ideas about the world around them. In addition, they improve all mental processes - attention, memory, imagination, thinking, and subsequently affect self-consciousness. The moral qualities formed in the game affect the behavior of the child and his character. "Folk games contribute to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality, combining spiritual wealth and physical perfection, contribute to mental and moral development."

Traditional folk holidays and rituals affect the emotional sphere of children and leave a deep imprint in their memory. All holidays in Russia were timed to coincide with events in the folk calendar, which also helps children better navigate Temporal concepts. The cyclicity of the folk calendar from year to year repeats these holidays and events: Autumn, Christmas, Epiphany, Maslenitsa, Magpies, Easter, Ivan Kupala and others. In general, the following functions of folk holidays can be distinguished: informational and educational, cultural and creative, morally developing, and improving. The most fully developing beginning is embodied in the information and educational function of the holidays. The term "enlightenment" in this case means "pedagogical educational and self-educational activities aimed at the spiritual, moral enrichment of the personality of a preschooler, the acquisition of a certain system of knowledge, skills, obtaining the necessary information" .

Round dances, dances, songs, games were obligatory components of the holidays. Preparing for the holiday, everyone took out their best outfits, which were made with their own hands.

For example, the holiday "Christmas". Children dress up in costumes that are prepared in kindergarten with their parents. This is not just blind adherence to tradition. Such costumes are loved by children, because they themselves, together with their mothers or grandmothers, took part in their creation, and create a real festive mood. Educators with children of older groups make Christmas stars, and an interesting action begins - a caroling game, when children go in groups, visit each other, sing carols, treat them with gifts, give homemade gifts. They give, but do not receive, which is important for moral education. At the same time, younger children watch the actions of older children with great attention, and then they themselves join the common holiday. At our holidays, which is typical of the folk tradition, there are no just spectators. The variety of roles allows each to become an actor in accordance with inclinations and abilities; someone is the best dancer, and he is the first to dance, someone is the first to sing, and someone has wonderful acting skills, and he is the main character in theatrical games. But even if the child does not have pronounced musical and acting abilities, or he has not attended kindergarten for a long time, for example, due to illness, he is still an active participant in the holiday: he sings along with everyone, participates in common dances and games. At the same time, he creatively expresses his individuality thanks to the improvisational nature of even ordinary roles in a folk festival. A child of any age and level of development finds the necessary opportunity for self-expression. In all holidays, joint actions are very important. This is expressed both in general fun and in the fact that everyone makes some kind of contribution to the organization of the holiday. After the holiday - tea drinking. Because children know that a Russian holiday is always a hospitable table. But the most important thing that the children have learned is the rules of hospitality, which the Russian people are famous for.

There are not only traditional folk holidays, but also social ones that have also become traditional: New Year, Defender of the Fatherland Day, International Women's Day.

For example, Defender of the Fatherland Day - this tradition expresses our respect for the heroes of the country, for the defenders of our Motherland. This holiday forms an attitude to the defense of our Fatherland, brings up courage, courage, willpower, friendship, a sense of mutual assistance, that is, it implements the tasks of moral education.

Introducing children to the holidays, we expand their horizons, give knowledge about the world around them, that is, Russian folk holidays and rituals help the mental, moral, aesthetic and physical education of children. moral education folk tradition

Folklore is of great importance for the moral development of preschoolers. “Deep folk wisdom, honed over the centuries, is concentrated in the works of Russian folklore. From the first days of life, the child is in the power of words and music. Traditionally, a mother or a nanny sang lullabies, pestles, nursery rhymes to the child, which set him up in a harmonious musical and poetic mood. Growing up, children are immersed in the world of folk songs, fairy tales and epics. Russian song folklore miraculously combines the word and musical rhythm, melodiousness. In oral folk art, the traits of the Russian character, its inherent moral values ​​- ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, fidelity, courage, diligence, were reflected nowhere. A special place in such works is occupied by a respectful attitude to work, admiration for the skill of human hands. Introducing children to sayings, riddles, proverbs, fairy tales, we thereby introduce them to universal moral values. The nursery rhymes addressed to children, jokes, calls sound like an affectionate saying, expressing care, tenderness, faith in a prosperous future.

Folk life is widely and multifaceted reflected in proverbs and sayings. They can be called an encyclopedia of folk life. They are not large in volume, but very capacious in meaning. Proverbs and sayings are imbued with a feeling of deepest love and devotion to the Motherland. Most of them are addressed to the moral essence of a person: good, evil, truth, pity, compassion. It is fun and interesting to get acquainted with proverbs and sayings in the game, using the method of "dynamic pictures". The game gives the child the opportunity to become not only an observer, but also a living participant in the events of past years, to touch the antiquity: take a pot out of the stove with a grip, raise a bucket of water from the well, shake the cradle. Dressing dolls in sarafans, shirts, shower warmers, aprons, children get acquainted with the peculiarities of the clothes of those times. During the game, preschoolers better understand the meaning of folklore works.

Stages of working with dynamic pictures:

Conversation on the "picture" (dialogue between children and educator);

Independent story (monologue of the child);

The dynamics of the development of the plot: by rearranging the dolls, moving objects, the children come up with a continuation of the story, which subsequently turns into an amateur role-playing game.

Introducing the child to folklore, the teacher develops not only speech activity, but also the cognitive sphere, moral qualities, and aesthetic perception.

In the process of educating and educating preschoolers, folk pedagogy has always attached great importance to the use of various types of art. Products of folk craftsmen are very colorful and elegant. They carried through the centuries the ability to create various works of decorative and applied art, passing their skills from generation to generation, generously introducing into them a patterned solution, amazing colorfulness, and elegance.

Decorating his life, work or play of a child, in artistic activity, a person tried to instill in him a love for beauty, to develop his artistic taste. Considering folk art as the basis of national culture, it is considered very important to introduce children to it, since it not only instills a love of beauty, develops a sense of color, creativity, but generally contributes to the aesthetic, moral, patriotic education of preschoolers.

Knowledge and ideas about applied arts are the people's memory of preserving the spiritual heritage, linking the present, past and future.

The folk game is the most important way to transfer the wealth of tradition from one generation to another. It is aimed at understanding the surrounding reality, mastering the customs, traditions, rituals of one's people, as well as mastering the skills and abilities necessary for life. “Traditional children's games are a universal means of education, since they not only educate the child's mind, but also temper him morally and physically, and improve health. They reflect all areas of folk art.

In addition, folk games, introducing children to the national culture, infect them with positive emotions. All collective folk games teach children to be attentive to their partners in the game, to find a common language, this forms in students the ability to understand, the social feeling of another person, the ability to cooperate. Through games, the child was taught respect for the existing order of things, folk customs, and he was accustomed to the rules of behavior. Games for children are serious activities, a kind of lessons that prepare them for work, for adulthood. The game that precedes social activity, as it were, is its general rehearsal, sometimes merges with labor holidays and enters, as an integral element, into the final part of labor, and even into the very process of labor.

“The teacher, using folk games in the educational process, should tell children about the life of the people whose game they have to play, show illustrations that reflect the culture of the people, household items and art. Children will be interested in games that reflect the traditional customs of the people.

Russian folk games include: “Inflate the Bubble”, “Carousels”, “Lapta”, “Zhmurki”, “Tail and Head”, etc. Children love funny counting rhymes, draws that help to “honestly” determine the driver in the game.

The classics of Russian folk pedagogy were such didactic games as “Forty-white-sided”, “Guli-ghuli”, “Ladushki”, “Jumpers” - for younger children. For preschool seniors - "Lady", "Paints", "Fants" and many others. In such games, the possibility of developing activity, skill, initiative, and ingenuity is laid down. Here the need for movement inherent in preschoolers, in communication with peers, finds expression, they contain abundant food for the work of the mind, imagination. Fiction, joke, humor, optimistic character are the distinctive features of Russian folk games. They teach the child to overcome difficulties, rejoice in winning, courageously endure failure. In each folk game, a complex of upbringing and educational tasks is solved. So, the game "Lady", in which there are many prohibitory rules, develops memory, flexibility of thinking, unobtrusively teaches the child endurance, the ability to subordinate feelings to reason.

A folk toy is one of the means of conveying the traditions of the Russian people, their culture. It reflects the way of life, mores and customs of the people, the achievement of folk craftsmanship. Researchers of folk pedagogy noted the need to use traditional games and toys in the system of educating preschool children.

Through a folk toy, a child first gets acquainted with folk art. The folk toy teaches the child to understand the beauty and history of the Russian people.

In traditional Russian culture, along with folklore, ritual holidays, ritual amulets, objects of applied art, the ritual doll occupies a special place. Since ancient times, a rag doll has been a traditional toy of the Russian people. She accompanied a person from birth to death and was an indispensable attribute of any holidays. Playing with dolls was encouraged by adults, because, while playing with them, the child learned to manage the household, acquired the image of a family, in doll games, children involuntarily learned to sew, embroider, spin, comprehended the traditional art of dressing, they brought up such qualities as perseverance, thrift, love to the neighbors. The doll is not born by itself: it is created by a person. “Being a part of the culture of all mankind, the doll retains in its image the originality and characteristic features of the people who create it. This is the main value of the traditional folk doll.

E. A. Flerina spoke about the folk toy, its influence on the development of the cognitive interest of children, on acquaintance with the traditions of the Russian people. She argued that the toy of each nation has its own pedagogical, artistic and technical traditions. These traditions are determined by the national identity of culture, way of life, and pedagogy. “A folk toy awakens a child’s thought and fantasy with its form, technique, movement, fabulousness. Looking at the toy, we can say that it is like a fairy tale for a child. Toys were made of wood, straw, clay. Painted toys were made by caring peasant hands to please a son or daughter. Peasant children were brought up in severity, but they did not forget to please them with a toy. This is also traditional for the way of life of the people, where each thing has its place, each business has its own time, old age - respect, youth - care and affection.

In kindergarten, in art classes or in joint activities with older children, you can make toys yourself: fashion from clay, make from straw, knit from thread or make a twisted doll from rags, and then give them to younger children.

Russian folk traditions open up great opportunities for children, giving them knowledge and experience in organizing and self-regulating their activities. They help to develop the ability to manage one's own actions, feelings and states, actions in accordance with the interests of other people, the requirements of public duty.

In folk pedagogical practice, we find a conscious and unconscious desire to use every part, area of ​​life for educational purposes. A benefit for education is the whole life with its working days, holidays, nature, wildlife, songs, fairy tales.

The pedagogical experience of people is fixed in various rituals associated with the newborn, with the first steps of the baby, with his familiarization with the interests of the family. We can also talk about the pedagogical orientation of communication, art, folk art, the traditions of hospitality and the Russian feast, respect for elders - all this is a folk memory that connects the past and present with the future.

Bibliography

1. Abramyan L. A., Antonova T. V., Artemova L. V. et al. The game of a preschooler / Ed. S. L. Novoselova. - M.: Enlightenment, 1989. - 286 p.

2. Baturina G. I., Kuzina T. F. Folk pedagogy in the education of preschoolers. - M.: A.P.O., 1995. - 72 p.

3. Vetlugina N. A., Kazakova T. G., Panteleev G. N. et al. Moral and aesthetic education of a child in kindergarten / Ed. N. A. Vetlugina. - M.: Enlightenment, 1989. - 79 p.

4. Volkov G. N. Ethnopedagogics. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 1999. - 168 p.

5. Izmailov A. B. Christmas "Fairy tale materials" in Russian folk pedagogy for the education of preschoolers // World of childhood and education. - Magnitogorsk, 2007. - S. 130-133.

6. Calendar ritual holidays for preschool children / Authors: N. V. Pugacheva, N. A. Esaulova, N. N. Potapova. - M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005. - 120 p.

7. Knyazeva O. L., Makhaneva M. D. Introduction of children to the origins of Russian folk culture: program. - St. Petersburg, 2010. - 304 p.

8. Kotova I. N., Kotova A. S. Russian rituals and traditions. Folk doll. - St. Petersburg: Parity, 2003. - 240 p.

9. Kuzina T. F., Baturina G. I. Entertaining pedagogy of the peoples of Russia: tips, games, rituals. - M.: School press, 2001. - 144 p.

10. Litvinova M. F. Russian folk outdoor games for children of preschool and primary school age: a practical guide. - M.: Iris-press, 2003. - 193 p.

11. Lunina G. V. Humanistic ideas of Russian folk pedagogy in the education of an optimistic attitude among preschoolers. - M.: Enlightenment, 1995. - 192 p.

12. Mendzheritskaya DV Education of children in the game. - M.: Enlightenment, 1979. - 356 p.

13. Suslova E. K. Special course "Education of the ethics of interethnic communication in children." - M.: Progress, 1994. - 80 p.

14. Frolova A., Dedeshksh L. Touch the origins of the culture of ancestors // Preschool education, 2006. - No. 5. - P. 127-128.

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