Each type of craft appeared in a certain area for a reason. On the coasts northern seas, where walruses are found, the art of bone carving was born. Blacksmithing is popular near ore deposits. Stone carving is popular near stone caves and deposits of semi-precious stones. Since ancient times, people have wanted to decorate objects around them using the materials available for this. In Russia, vast areas are occupied by forests, so in different regions In our country, the craft of artistic carving for woodwork is developed.

We study various techniques of artistic woodcarving

Exist various techniques this art. The most common are geometric, contour, flat-relief, openwork or slotted, volumetric carving. Each type of carving has its own characteristics, requires different tools and training of the master. So, for geometric carving, only a jamb knife is enough, flat-relief requires several chisels and files, slotted carving is performed strictly according to the sketch with a jigsaw or milling cutter, and for volumetric technique a large set of tools is needed, as well as an idea of ​​​​the volume of the figure and some artistic skills.

• Geometric carving on a cutting board.
• An example of contour carving - the drawings are made in the form of a groove cut from the surface of the bar.
• Flat-relief carving - the background is deepened, the pattern protrudes to the same height.
• Slotted carving is an example of the work of a master.
• Volumetric woodcarving is a masterpiece from Russian carvers.

In addition, works made not in one specific technique, but with a combination of them, look very beautiful. The photo shows examples of wood processing in mixed media.

In different regions dominated different types tree, different climate and way of life. Depending on this, there are numerous directions in this arts and crafts. In addition, some masters, coming from certain schools and having achieved success, develop their own unique style threads. Some of them are even noted in specialized books and publications, their works are presented at exhibitions and are known throughout the world.

We analyze Bogorodsk woodcarving: history and differences

The village of Bogorodskoye is located near the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Carving originates in this village from the 15th-16th centuries. Back then it was mostly simple peasants. Now there is a legend in the village about how one of the Bogorodsk carvers made a doll out of wood and sold it to a merchant. The merchant put it in his shop for decoration, but it was immediately bought for a very favorable price for him, after which he ordered a whole batch of the same dolls from the master. Since that time, according to this story, the Bogorodsk school of wood carving was born.

Many Russians from childhood are familiar with such wooden toys as blacksmiths or chickens, which alternately hit the anvil with hammers or peck grains. But not everyone knows that this is also the work of Bogorodsk carvers. With the help of this simple material, masters manage to recreate everyday scenes from life and everyday life. ordinary people and also make wonderful animal figurines. It is known that not only children of peasants, but even boyar offspring and princes played with these toys.

At the beginning of the last century, the Bogorodsk craftsmen united in the Bogorodsky carver artel, and later turned into the Bogorodsk wood carving factory, which still exists and produces wonderful craftsmen.

Consider the history and distinctive features of the Abramtsevo-Kudrinsk woodcarving

It was originally formed in the village of Abramtsevo. Master E.D. Polenova organized a workshop there with a wood carving school, hallmark which was teaching painting. Later, one of the natives of this school founded his own workshop in the village of Kudrino, working on orders for the Abramtsevo workshop. This is how the Abramtsevo-Kudrinsky style of carving was formed, characteristic features which was the combination of flat-relief and geometric carving. This type of carving is still popular and is easily recognizable.

We study a new author's type of woodcarving - "Tatyanka"

Tatyanka style is a patented author's style. It was developed in 1991 by the carver Shamil Sasykov, and named the style after his wife. The uniqueness of “Tatyanka” is that the works look very beautiful and impressive, main technique- flat-relief carving with flat-notched elements. The style is reminiscent of Abramtsevo-Kudrinsky, but still has a special cutting technique, in addition, it contains more diverse and numerous elements. There is a website dedicated to this type of carving, as well as a school where master classes and full-fledged training are held.

Some examples of works in the style of "Tatyanka".

A selection of videos on the topic of the article

Woodcarving is an amazingly beautiful and very popular type of manual woodworking in our time. Carved interior details conquer with their magnificent appearance and reflect rich national traditions.

Creative people who simply “itch” their hands to do something very interesting and useful should pay attention to woodcarving. Girls and women may think that this is only a male occupation. And they will be wrong, because there are no less women masters of woodcarving than men.

About woodcarving for beginners

Can be used to decorate indoor and outdoor space different kinds carvings and techniques for translating what was conceived. If you are interested in this type of needlework, then you should understand that you need to master the methods and techniques of wood processing, acquire necessary tools and improve carving skills.

IN modern world smartphones and tablets wooden stand, decorated with wood carvings, looks very original.

Skillfully executed carving in the form of simple and ornate patterns and ornaments seems to enliven the world and endows it with sophistication, charm, emphasizes the taste of the owner of luxurious things and the talent of the master.

The works of the best carvers adorn the temples. Pay attention to the photo of the iconostasis of the upper church of the Savior Not Made by Hands, which is located in Moscow, in the Church of the Intercession Holy Mother of God in Fili.

Modern masters with fine taste create true masterpieces.

And thanks to finishing and protection technologies finished product from the destructive effects of mold, insects, these carved wood crafts have served people for hundreds of years.

Pay attention to the magnificent carved pieces of furniture:

Stylish doors:

Amazing handmade figurines:

Very often, connoisseurs collect handmade carvings. Wonderful chess worthy of any collection.

Perhaps, over time, your masterpieces of woodcarving will be carefully kept by collectors or decorate temples.

Types of woodcarving

Of all types of woodcarving, the most interesting openwork or through thread on a tree, which has some transparency, in which only the image remains, without a background. An example is an overlaid carving - this is an ornament that is attached to a finished background after being made by a master.

Geometric carving on wood – this is a type of carving in which a pattern is formed using many simple geometric shapes(often use a rhombus).

Oriental carving on wood is distinguished by bizarre forms. Egypt is the cradle oriental look wood carving.

relief carving on wood. In this technique, the image is located above the background or at the same level with it. These are carved panels. various shapes with a three-dimensional image.

- This is a flat-relief carving, but distinguished by an abundance of carved and stucco decorations, various flowers, curls, leaves, figures of people in unnatural poses, fabulous fantastic animals.

It originated in the village of Kudrino. Well-known products in this type of carving are caskets, vases, dishes, ladles, and home decor items. The main element is floral ornament: rosettes, curls and twigs.

Volumetric (sculptural) carving Great for making sculptures, animal and human figurines, toys. - a subspecies of volumetric thread. This is the main craft of the village of Bogorodskoye in the Moscow region. The famous Bogorodsk toys are figurines of animals and people made of linden and alder.

Most often used to decorate wooden Scandinavian churches. With images of Gods and various animals, wood carvers decorated inside and outside church buildings.

- the simplest and rather peculiar type of carving. On a flat background, the master cuts grooves - grooves, forming a pattern. Carved landscapes - images of landscapes on a tree.

All these types of carving are rather conditional. Each master chooses the most acceptable of them, taking into account work experience, wood quality and creative inspiration.

What can be carved?

The simplest staircase is transformed, decorated with carved balusters. Balusters- these are curly columns in the form of columns, a stylish and noble decoration of the stairs. Wooden balusters look organic with a spiral wooden staircase.

Bas-relief. Another name for "low relief". This is a sculptural image on a plane. Most often these are figures of people and animals. .

Choosing wood carving tools

As in every business, wood carving has its own secrets, nuances that allow you to reveal the beauty of wood in a wonderful ornament. It is necessary to pick up special tools for woodcarving and stock up on the necessary blanks and sketches for woodcarving, which will be embodied in the form of drawings, borders, lace or genre scenes.

Basic Toolkit

Very high demands are placed on the quality of carving tools. Of course skill plays important role, but well-chosen and sharpened tools will help bring your idea to life. Experienced carvers at first glance at the tool will tell about its quality, and beginners are lost in the store from a huge selection.

The basic set for woodcarving includes:

• several knives and chisels;
• needle files;
• hacksaws for metal;
• vise;
• sandpaper;
• drill with several types of drills;
• bars.

Knives should be made only from high-quality steel. It is better to buy them in specialized stores for creativity. Although on initial stage just sharpened knives will do. Knives from Tatyanka, Narex, Kogatana and others will serve as an excellent start.

It is not necessary to choose an expensive foreign-made tool, because domestic tools can be the same good quality but much cheaper

With the growth of skill, you may need a set of tools, a milling machine, a drill, etc.

Chisels for carving

Sometimes, instead of a chisel for wood carving, a sharpened screwdriver or file is used.

Flat chisel- This is a long rod, at the end of which there is a flat cutting edge. Very often it is used for the primary processing of wood.

Chisel semicircular It is one of the most important tools for the job. They differ somewhat in the degree of roundness, that is, they are medium, round and sloping.

Still happens V- a figurative version of chisels. It can be useful for geometric woodcarving, which we will introduce you to below.

For beginners, a small set for woodcarving, but of good quality, is enough to immediately get used to the correct movements and pressure.

In this video, a wonderful master A. Yuriev shared with us which tools to choose for carving.

How to protect yourself from injury when carving wood

Any tool of a master carver can be compared with a straight razor, therefore, when working with it, safety measures must be strictly observed. The material must be positioned so that the knife or chisel can be worked freely, eliminating the possibility of a sharp edge hitting the hands.

The place to work should be comfortable and clean. Everything superfluous in this moment Tools must be neatly stacked as they are very sharp and can cause injury.

Work materials

Each type of wood for carving has its pros and cons. It is easy to work with soft wood, but there can also be a lot of marriage. These are aspen, linden, birch. For beginners this wood fit better Total.

Oak, boxwood, mahogany are more expensive and complex woods. It is hard and durable, so it is difficult to carve from such wood. Very often there are troubles when working with such types of wood. Either the instrument or the master may be damaged.

An experienced carver can easily work with various woods, including juniper. Well, for beginners it is better to use inexpensive materials - spruce, pine, pear or birch.

Whatever tools are chosen for woodcarving, safety precautions must be strictly observed!

Geometric thread technology

Geometric wood carving is considered the easiest and is great for beginners. To create a conceived drawing, you need to have a small set of tools for wood carving and clearly withstand the drawing. For geometric woodcarving, symmetry and repetition are of the utmost importance. This achieves a wonderful play of light and shadow.

Cutting boards in this technique, wooden panels look great in the kitchen.

Geometric carving consists of sequential sawing out of simple geometric shapes: rectangles, triangles, squares, rhombuses. But the result is a wonderful ornament that looks different in different lighting conditions.

Execution sequence any wood carving is like this:

• First, a blank is made of wood (board, deck, blank).
• Next, a rough leveling of the workpiece surface, in which all defects and roughness are removed.
• Then a decorative relief is formed with special cutters.
• After the completion of the main thread, finishing - grinding, impregnation, painting, varnishing.

You can not work with the workpiece on your knees! The master must have a table to work with.

Master class "Geometric woodcarving on a cutting board"

Tools. You will need 2 wood carving knives: a triangular joint knife and a pen knife, a ruler, a compass, a pencil.

A triangle joint knife is needed for cutting triangular shapes of various configurations, as well as for cutting long straight lines. To cut long lines such as a petal or a groove, a pen knife is used. Carving knives should be sharp and comfortable.

First stage. We make a sketch of the pattern on the board. It can be applied with a compass and ruler. Or you can print the patterns for carving taken on the Internet and transfer them to the prepared cutting board using a carbon paper.

Second phase. Cut out the petals. We use a pen knife.

During work thumb firmly pressed against the board, and forefinger easily touches the wood. This will help to adjust the depth of entry of the knife into the surface and the angle of inclination. And the thumb will help move the blade smoothly. First, cut in one direction at an angle, then turn the board over and cut on the other side.

If the shavings curl in a “string” - the knife is good, sharp. It must be periodically undermined with a piece of leather with GOI paste.

Third stage. Cut out the triangles with a cutter. With a “heel”, at an angle of 45 degrees, we cut the knife into a tree, without bringing it to the edges of the pattern on three sides. The slots should join on all sides in the shape of a pyramid. The sliver, falling out, forms a beautiful triangle.

Fourth stage. What could not be cut off, we carefully clean it so that the edges are frequent and even. By the same principle, we cut grooves and triangles around the perimeter of the board.

Fifth stage. We grind everything with sandpaper, process it with natural impregnation. All! The work is done. We decorate the kitchen with a useful and beautiful cutting board with wood carvings.

Drawings for woodcarving

To perform wood carving, photographs, drawings and sketches are simply necessary. A large pattern for woodcarving is used for dimensional products: for facades of houses, interior decoration carvings of churches, windows.

For interior items and furniture, carvers use small patterns, which are carefully worked out by the master.

YOU WILL USE

We offer you an archive of . Choose, print, create.

Video wood carving workshops for beginners

Of course, the wood carving looks especially impressive in the video. Channel "HAND-CARVED WOOD" shows the features of geometric carving for beginners.

female look for woodcarving. Channel tatiankacarving shows us how to make flower petals and leaves.

Konstantin Belyaev on his channel he talks in detail about the cutters for woodcarving.

And on this video Ivan the Builder shows how to make relief plane carving:

We will be very happy if this article inspired you to take up woodcarving!

ARTISTIC CARVING

The windows of almost every hut in a Central Russian or northern village are decorated with carved decorative architraves. With the most rare exceptions, their pattern never repeats. The attic window, the gate of the peasant house, is decorated with carvings, simple geometric or juicy, with floral patterns. The carving gives them a deeply individual look. Some houses have such perfect carved decorations that they are rightfully considered works of folk arts and crafts. And this is not surprising. Artistic carving is one of the most ancient and widespread types of arts and crafts. Carvings decorate buildings, household items, create works of small plastic - small miniature sculptures. special kind artistic carving - glyptic. This is the name of carving on stones, precious and semi-precious.

The most common material for carving is soft wood of hardwood trees: linden, aspen, poplar. Less commonly used hardwoods: birch, maple, beech. When carving stone, soft rocks are also used, mainly limestone, and hard rocks - jade, lapis lazuli, jasper. When carving bone, walrus tusk, elephant and mammoth tusks, horn, etc. are used.

Carvers work with a variety of sets of knives, axes, chisels, cutters and saws, and mark a block or plate of material with special marking tools. Several types of artistic carving are known.

Bogorodskaya toy. Woodcarving.

Bogorodskaya toy. Woodcarving.

Miniature three-dimensional plastic is usually called volumetric carving. With high-relief carving, the background of a pattern or pattern is greatly deepened. The image is convex, often multifaceted, rich in black and white contrasts. Flat-relief carving requires a shallow background. The image is low, close to the silhouette. Often it is processed with additional cuts. The edges of the pattern are often rounded, “ovalized” (this type of carving is called ovalized). Its main advantage is a soft and juicy drawing on a background that is slightly deepened or completely untouched by the chisel. In this case, the background forms, as it were, a kind of pillow. That's what it's called - a pillow.

Woodcarving. Bashkiria.

Notched, or recessed, carving is very common. It is performed in trihedral-notched and stapled technique. A trihedral-notched carving cuts out a geometric ornament, the forms of which are based on triangular, conical or square pyramids, arrow-shaped or semi-lunar recesses, overturned into the depths of the material. The most diverse combinations of these simple elements give a diverse geometric pattern with a beautiful texture and a rich play of chiaroscuro. A type of geometric thread is a bracket thread. Working with a chisel, the carver receives a stapled recess, or nail. Both types of carving are characterized by geometric clarity of lines, picturesque play of chiaroscuro. Contour carving is also distinguished by clear, expressive lines.

Openwork, or through, carving is obtained by completely removing the background. It is widely used in the manufacture of carved furniture and for decorating peasant houses. In the latter case, it is called saw thread. This is how decorative platbands, valances, cornices, towels, etc. are cut. With openwork carving, the ornament is the most diverse: from the simplest geometric to the most intricate floral pattern, images of birds, animals, various fantasy creatures. Its main advantage is a light and thin drawing, well readable in the light.

Sometimes individual details decorative design object, made in the technique of openwork carving, superimposed on a smooth background. This type of thread is called overhead.

Very often wooden products, decorated artistic carving, varnished, waxed, tinted, gilded, painted and painted with paints, burned or smoked. Bone products are polished and impregnated with paraffin.

The art of carving according to the most various materials widespread in folk art crafts. In our country and abroad, carved wooden products from villages near Moscow, Shemogoda slotted birch bark, carved bone products from Tobolsk, Ural, Kholmogory, Khotkovo and Chukchi masters are famous.

T. V. Amosov, S. S. Nesterov. Bone carving.
Yakutia.

T. V. Amosov, S. S. Nesterov. Bone carving.
Yakutia.

Biography of the singer Maxim Singer Maxim (Marina Sergeevna Abrosimova) was born in the city of Kazan on June 10, 1983. Girl with early years started playing music. The future celebrity studied at music school in piano and vocals. And at the same time, Marina went to the karate section. The versatile girl was constantly in the company of her older brother Maxim, and that is why they began to call her by his name. According to the singer herself, the pseudonym is also formed from the name of Maximov - this maiden name her mother. From the age of 14, Maxim actively begins to take part in various music competitions, for example, "Teen star" and "Nefertiti's Necklace", and also begins to write songs. The first were the compositions "Alien" and "Winter", which were included on the disc "My Paradise". It should be noted that musical preferences future celebrity were very varied. As the singer Maxim herself admits, she listened to everything - from "Spleen" to "Guests from the Future". However, the singer's addictions were also influenced by the music that her father listened to - this is " The Beatles" And " Pink Floyd". And besides this, the girl spent a lot of time in the company of her brother and constantly listened to courtyard music. The beginning of a career At the age of 15, Maxim had already firmly decided that she would become a singer and began to take her first career steps. in studios in hometown the girl collaborates with the Pro-Z group and records her first songs Start, Alien and Passer-by. The first song becomes a number one hit in Tatarstan, played on local radio and in all clubs. The favorite of the public, singer Maxim A, after some time falls into the "Russian Top Ten", although the then popular "t.A.T.u." were announced by the authors. according to the singer herself, she wrote this song long before the group appeared. Singer Maxim begins to engage in her own promotion. The girl records songs as part of a low-budget project and collaborates with little-known bands. And the radio gets Maxim's single "Difficult Age", however, it does not have such success as the second one - "Tenderness". A year later, the composition "Centimeters of Breath" hits the air. Suddenly, the song becomes popular. And this despite the fact that there was no promotional company. However, despite such success, the name of the singer is still not known to the general public. The singer decides to go to Moscow. In the capital, the girl begins to write new songs. By the way, they say that at first the singer Maxim performed in the subway. Unexpected success Maxim collected enough material for the album and began to look for a company that would agree to work with her. “One day I unexpectedly arrived at dance festival in St. Petersburg and saw that the song "Difficult Age" was sung by 15 thousand people with me. With this video, I came to the Gala Records company - it was already obvious to the management that this was perceived positively by people, ”recalls singer Maxim. Singer Maxim on video This is how the first album of the singer "Difficult Age" appears, business cards which were the songs “Become the Wind”, “Do You Know?” and "Let go." And the song “Tenderness” gets to the first place of the chart of the “Russian Radio “Golden Gramophone” and stays there for 9 weeks. By the way, in the first few weeks, more than 200 thousand records of the artist were bought and the album becomes platinum. After such resounding success singer Maxim goes on her first tour of the cities of Russia, Kazakhstan, Germany, Estonia and Belarus. In 2007, the singer received two awards at once at the prestigious ceremony Russian Music MTV Channel Awards: as the best pop project of the year and how best performer. In 2007, the Gala Records studio began to rush the singer Maxim to record her second album. The girl has already recruited a team of musicians who will perform with her. And by the end of the year, the material for the second disc, which became a diamond, is already being completely recorded. By the way, it also included two old compositions - "Alien" and "Winter". The fans perceive the first single of the album "My Paradise" with a bang, and the video becomes popular and in demand on television. Maksim. I won't give it back “Unlike “Difficult Age”, where there were only two songs about me, and the rest were all sorts of observational situations, in the new album I sing only to myself. That is, it is autobiographical. It contains all my emotions - from panicky fun to tearful sadness - over the last two years of my life, ”says Marina. Critics have noted that new album sounds much better than the debut, moreover, more sincere and warm. However, opinions were also expressed that there were too few hits on the disc. The artist admits that before the release of the album, she experienced the so-called “second album syndrome”. The girl was afraid that the disc would not be as successful as the first one. For the first time, singer Maksim plans to perform at the Olimpiysky. The question is being raised in the press - will the singer gather such a huge hall. Contrary to public opinion, there was a full house on the site - more than 18 thousand people came to the performance. Unplanned pregnancy In the middle of 2008, information appeared that Maxim was pregnant. Representatives of the singer do not comment on the rumors, however, the release of the song " The best night” confirms the veracity of the assumptions. And in the video for the composition, the girl appears already with a rounded tummy. This single again storms the top of the charts, and the singer becomes the most rotated in Russia in 2008. The birth of a daughter and drug propaganda According to unverified reports, in October 2008, Maxim on the Indonesian island of Bali marries sound engineer Alexei Lugovtsev. The singer herself comments on changes in her personal life rather reservedly. On March 8, 2009, Maxim gives birth to a daughter, whom she names Alexandra. Immediately after that, the song “I won’t give it back” appears on the radio. And again the single is waiting for success. Maxim and Aleksey Lugovtsev A few months later, the song "Single" from the upcoming album of the same name hits the Internet. The composition shocks fans with its content. A young mother, in particular, sings: "I'll sit at home - it's better to smoke, I'll smoke." The girl began to be accused of promoting drugs. However, the artist herself again decided to remain silent. Six months after the birth of their daughter, Marina Abrosimova and Alexei Lugovtsev celebrated their wedding and got married. The church rite was held in the capital's church of All Saints. Singer Maxim, despite the status of a young mother and newly-made wife, continues to work actively. And already in early December 2009, the singer will present her third album "Single". Two months later, the disc topped the Russian chart. By the way, following the results of 2010, Maksim received quite a few awards. Among them are VOIS (“All-Russian Organization of Intellectual Property”) and “Golden Phonogram” for album circulation and song rotation on the radio. However, in 2010, the artist presented only two songs “Rain” and “My answer is Yes!”. In December of the same year, information appeared that Maxim and the father of her child were getting a divorce. The news was confirmed a couple of months later. After that, the singer said that she had no plans to release the fourth album in a row and was just writing songs. " Tender May» number two For very short period time, Maxim was able to become one of the most popular performers not only in Russia, but also in the CIS countries. The girl developed her own unique style, and thanks to her perseverance and work, she was recognized as the most successful singer in the country in the first decade of the 21st century. Maxim with his daughter The artist is already being called a pop princess and the best-selling performer in Russia. And many media outlets drew a parallel between Maxim and the Laskovy May group, which was insanely popular in the early 90s. This is because there are many lyrical and touching songs in the girl's work.