GENERALITY
GENERALITY
a set of people united by historically established stable social connections and relationships and possessing a number common features (crap) giving it a unique character.
Unlike other organizations and institutions, consciously created by people, O. arise naturally-historically, i.e. regardless of the will and consciousness of people under the influence of objective necessity in the process of societies. production. In the final analysis, O is also determined by the mode of production. In the early stages of history, the weak produce. forces caused numerically small O., which, however, were very stable and ensured the functioning and development of the production of means of subsistence, the reproduction of man himself, the joint opposition to the hostile forces of nature and T. e. Such O. were, tribe, family,. They allowed humanity not only to survive, but also to lay the foundations for further progress, the development of civilization. More developed produces. forces in pre-capitalist conditions. antagonistic social economy, formations brought to life a new historical. ABOUT.- . Like , nationalities are more numerous than previous O., and provide more opportunities for the development of both produces. forces and societies. life in general. Societies develop within the framework of nationalities. , including the separation of minds. labor from the physical, there is a litich. as a result of the split of society into . The formation of nationalities is associated with the disintegration of tribal lands, the remnants of which are sometimes preserved as a relic. There is also a disintegration of the community, but in pl. cases, it continues to exist within the nationality. Changes and receives further development family.
Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2010 .
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
See what "COMMON" is in other dictionaries:
commonality- community, and... Russian spelling dictionary
The community of wives is a philosophical principle of many philosophers from antiquity to the present day. Contents 1 The community of wives in the ancient world 2 The community of wives in the Middle Ages ... Wikipedia
GENERALITY, community, pl. no, female (book). Unity, continuity; distraction noun to common in 1 and 2 values. “A nation is, first of all, a community, a certain community of people.” Stalin. “... National community is unthinkable without common language... "Stalin. ... ... Dictionary Ushakov
Cm … Synonym dictionary
commonality- Communion ♦ Communauté That which is common. According to Kant, in particular, the interaction between what affects and what is affected. This is one of the three categories of relation (along with accident and causality), which finds ... ... Philosophical Dictionary Sponville
commonality- COMMONITY, unity, colloquialism. sameness, obsolete. agreement … Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
A certain group of people who share a common social signs, eg. social group, profession, place of residence, religious affiliation and so on … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
GENERALITY, and, wives. 1. see general. 2. Totality, unity, integrity. Social, historical about. | adj. general, oh, oh (special). Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
English community; German Gemeinsamkeit. 1. General character, similarity, similarity. 2. Type of relationship between people, characterized by a sense of identity, common interests etc. 3. Really existing set of individuals united ... ... Encyclopedia of Sociology
commonality- commonality. Wrong pronunciation [common] ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian
Books
- Children's community as an object and subject of education. Monograph, . The work was carried out in accordance with the plan of fundamental research Russian Academy education 2008-2012 This monograph is the result of a collective scientific work employees…
Horizontally:
3. The community of people, which develops in the process of forming a community of their territory
torii, economic relations, language, culture and character (Nation)
5. The path of experimental study of phenomena, in the course of which a transition is made from individual facts to general provisions(The science).
6. Income associated with entrepreneurial activity(Profit)
8. A thought that affirms or denies something about an object, process, phenomenon (Sub-
10. A single representative of the human race (Individual).
11. A security that entitles its owner to receive part of the profits of the public
va (Share).
Vertically:
1. Voluntary association of independent countries to achieve specific goals, in which the united countries, while fully maintaining sovereignty and significant independence
Dependency (Confederation)
2. A special tool that plays the role of a universal equivalent in the exchange of goods and services (Money).
4. Adaptation of a person to the surrounding world (Adaptation).
7. The science of the most general patterns of development of nature, society, knowledge (Fi-
losophy).
8. A social group that has rights and obligations enshrined in custom or law and inherited (estate).
9. A person who is outside his social group (Mariginal).
Evaluation for work
(To be completed by the jury)
Jury members: | |||||||||
5.5. Grade 10 (1 hour 20 min.)
1. Select all correct answers. Write them down in a table. 1.1. What type of social control does not exist
a) Formal and informal b) Ego and superego control c) Internal and external d) Affective
1.2. Marginality is
a) The state of an individual in which he belongs to two or more groups, but at the same time does not fully share the norms and values of any of them b) The desire to comply with the norms and values of the group c) Complete or partial violation of the norms and values of the group
d) The tension that arises in the individual in case of non-compliance with the expectations of the group.
1.3. Visual-sensory image of objects and phenomena, received through the senses, but stored in the mind without their direct impact,
called:
a) feeling
b) perception
c) presentation
d) imagination
1.4. Only the presidential republic is characterized by the following statements
a) the presidential republic has the clearest separation of powers b) the president has a suspensive veto c) the president is the chief executive
d) the president is elected by popular vote
1.5. What ideology denied the principle of separation of powers?
a) liberal
b) communist
c) neoliberal
d) Christian Democratic
1.6. The tenth candy is not as satisfying as the first. That's an example:
a) general utility
b) the law of diminishing utility
c) deficit
d) opportunity cost
1.7. Interchangeable goods:
a) have the same price b) complement each other in the sale
c) compete with each other in the market d) stimulate each other's sales
1.8. Which body oversees the implementation of laws in the Russian Federation?
b) prosecutor's office
c) Federation Council
d) investigative department
2. What unites the concepts that form each of the presented series? Give
short answer.
1. The ability to work, the ability to reflect objective reality in images,
possibility of cultural heritage.
2. Satisfaction of the most important needs of society, the presence of sustainable forms of organization of people, the presence of a complex of statuses, traditions, rituals, norms and values
_____________________________________________________________.
3. Territory, sovereignty, public authority, the right to make laws, to levy
logs, symbols.
_____________________________________________________________.
1. differences between man and animal, 2. social institutions, 3. signs of the state
3. Insert into the text instead of gaps the corresponding words and combinations of words from
the list in the table. Enter in text sequence numbers selected
you words and combinations. Please note: there are more words and word combinations in the list,
than gaps in the text!
The first source of religious and philosophical wisdom and thought was the so-called
1_______________, in which manifestations of mythological consciousness are strong.
More understandable and at the same time philosophical is another group of texts that appeared later - 2 _____________________ (this word itself denotes the process of learning wisdom
the teacher of his students). It was in these texts that the idea was first expressed
3____________ - transmigration of the souls of living beings after their death. According to the law
4____________, the one who performed good deeds lived in accordance with moral norms-
mi, will be born in the future as a representative of one of the highest 5 _______ of society.
In other words, everyone gets what they deserve. To be worthy better share in the future, one must good deeds and a righteous life to atone for their karmic debt of previous existences. The most reliable way is life
Another way to liberate the soul is a set of practical exercises,
self-control, strict discipline, namely the system 7_________________. This goal-
pov training - achieving a state that helps release
8_________________.
1. Vedic | 5. Reincar- | |||||
lithuanian | hermit | |||||
8. Confucian- | ||||||
Answer: 1 3 5 2 6 4 7 11
4. Using all of the terms below, complete the chart.
Public consciousness, individual consciousness, consciousness, morality, religion, law
consciousness, levels of consciousness, ordinary consciousness, theoretical consciousness, components,
ideology.
Consciousness | |||||||||||||||||||
public consciousness | |||||||||||||||||||
individual consciousness |
|||||||||||||||||||
Components | |||||||||||||||||||
theoretical | sense of justice | ||||||||||||||||||
ideology | |||||||||||||||||||
ordinary consciousness | |||||||||||||||||||
5. Solve a legal problem
5.1. The minor Andrei is 15 years old. He and his friends decided to celebrate his birthday. The guys bought and drank hard liquor in the park. As a result of strong alcohol intoxication Andrei and his friends began to pester citizens in the park,
accompanying their actions with foul language. They broke several ceiling lamps on the back-
ryahs installed in the park. These actions were noticed by police and public security officers and stopped the actions of juvenile delinquents. One of the collaborators
Nikov promised the whole group long terms of arrest to the fullest extent of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
How should the actions of minors be classified? What punishment will they receive?
if Andrei was 15 years old at the time of the act, and his friends are one year older? Is the police officer right?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5.2. Turner Ermakov was reprimanded for a marriage at work. In addition, it is partially
sewed awards. Considering that there can be no two punishments for one act, Yermakov appealed to the Commission on labor disputes with a request to cancel the order to deprive the award.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5.1. The action of minors should be qualified as an administrative
collapse. Andrey cannot be held criminally liable, since it comes in the Russian Federation with
16 years in general cases. In severe cases, it comes earlier. Since the behavior of young men is in the nature of administrative violations, then sanctions will be applied to them according to the Administrative Code. The police officer is wrong.
5.2.According to Labor Code Russian Federation for committing a disciplinary offense, that is, not
performance or improper performance by the employee due to his fault of the labor duties assigned to him, the employer has the right to apply the following disciplinary sanctions:
1) remark;
2) reprimand;
3) dismissal for appropriate reasons.
At the same time, only one disciplinary offense can be applied for each disciplinary offense.
plinary recovery. Disciplinary action may be appealed by the employee to the
state labor inspectorate and (or) bodies for the consideration of individual labor disputes.
6. Solve a logical problem.
The heads of three states - A, B and C - met at the economic summit. One of them was a legally elected president, the second was a hereditary monarch, and the third was a military dictator.
torus. When they were asked who is who, the answers were as follows:
A: "A monarch, and C a dictator" B: "A is a legitimately elected president" C: "Me or A is a dictator"
As it turned out later, only the one who was the monarch told the truth. Define-
those who are. Justify your answer.
Answer: A dictator, B president, C monarch
7. An Indian proverb says: Once Akbar drew a straight line and, turning to the ministers, said: "How to make this line shorter without touching it?" Birbal was considered the most wise man in the state. He came over and...
What do you think Birbal did? What did he want to show by this action?
Justify your answer.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Answer: He drew next to this line another straight line, but longer, the more
my detracting from the dignity of the first.
Approximate justification: perhaps he wanted to show the relativity of our concepts - the assessment of things (their length, significance, dignity, size) depends on our perception and our expectations.
Other answers are acceptable, provided they are well-grounded and original.
8. Solve the crossword.
Horizontally:
1. Social behavior that deviates from socially acceptable in society (Devi-
2. A group that has power or influence over other groups (Elite).
4. Uncritical acceptance by the individual of the existing order of things, adaptation to it (Conformism).
7. Correspondence of our knowledge or what is said to the existing one (Truth). 9. moral principle prescribing compassion and mercy to other people,
selfless service to them and readiness for self-denial in the name of their good (Altruism). 11. A closed, isolated social group with a strictly defined occupation,
a peculiar way of life, customs, traditions, norms (Caste).
13. Political minority opposing the political majority, the course of pro-
policies, goals and methods of implementation state power(Opposition).
Vertically:
3. One of the forms of contradictions, characterized by an acute irreconcilable struggle of hostile
blowing forces, tendencies (Antagonism).
5. Any type of activity that generates profit or cash income (Business).
6. A way of activity and thinking that ensures the exit of the individual beyond the traditional
rational, habitual, given being (Creativity).
8. Tolerance for other people's opinions, beliefs, behavior, consent to accept them even if they contradict the worldview of the observer himself
(Tolerance).
10. Section economic theory studying the functioning of the economy as a whole,
economic system as a whole, a set of economic phenomena (Mac-
roeconomics).
12. The process in which groups of people are hierarchically aligned according to some scale of inequality (stratification).
Evaluation for work
(To be completed by the jury)
Jury members: | |||||||||
5.6. Grade 11 (1 hour 20 min.)
1. Select all correct answers. Write them down in a table.
1.1. Indicate the reasons that determine the specifics of social cognition, its
difference from knowledge of the natural sciences.
a) B social cognition experimental possibilities are limited.
b) Social cognition deals with constantly changing events and phenomena and therefore is aimed at discovering relative truths c) Social cognition cannot be absolutely impartial due to
whether scientists have an interested attitude to the object of study d) In social cognition, the subject and object of cognition are combined
1.2. The criterion of truth according to the sensualists is:
b) practice
d) feeling
e) agreement of scientists
a) the level of division of labor in society b) the level of development of science
c) the degree of freedom of the individual and the system for ensuring and protecting human rights d) the level of development of the productive forces
1.4. The main stratification variables in modern society it could be considered
a) marital status
b) access to political power
c) income level
d) belonging to a confession
e) nationality
1.5. Totalitarian regime characterized
a) Complete control of all spheres of society
b) Censorship of the media
c) The presence of opposition
d) Territorial expansion
1.6. The federal structure of the state involves
a) the presence of two levels of government b) the relative legal independence of administrative units
c) control of the state only from the center, which delegates powers to the subjects and controls their full sovereignty d) administrative units that delegate to the authorized by them price
only questions of a cultural nature
Society is an integral socio-cultural system, consisting of a huge number of subsystems. One of them is the social community. Any community implies an accumulation of people who have something in common (for example, interests, tasks or goals). People uniting in a community usually have similar ideas about life, perform similar tasks in society. social roles.
So, we can say that a social community is a collection of human individuals united by similar living conditions, having the same interests, values and aware of their own. The grounds for uniting people can be: their close interaction with each other, common activities, awareness of the similarity of interests, their own culture, formed on the basis of similar ideas about the goals of this community, moral concepts, etc., the presence of a system of self-government.
A number of sociologists believe that social communities and groups in most cases do not arise spontaneously. One concept of their occurrence was proposed by the American D. Homans, who believed that people, interacting with each other, are trying to achieve a certain good. The more significant this good is, the more effort a person assumes to get closer to other people for whom this good is also significant. talking plain language According to the American sociologist, people unite in groups, form communities and communities only to achieve a specific goal.
One social community may differ from another in the purpose of its formation, the form and similar associations of people differ in the following ways:
By lifetime: from several minutes (audience concert hall, rallies) to whole centuries (a single nation);
According to the composition of the people included in them: from two people to several thousand (members of a certain party);
According to the density of connections between the main representatives: from closely (office employees) to very amorphous, practically non-interacting formations ( football fans).
Sociologists distinguish such a concept as a mass social community, hallmarks which are:
Instability of existence;
The heterogeneity of the composition of the people included in it, the impossibility of establishing their exact number;
Functioning on the basis of a particular activity and the impossibility of existence outside of it.
As an example of a mass social community, one can cite fans of a certain pop star, fans sports club members of various associations. A tribe of indigenous people of New Guinea, a single nation, race, a crowd of protesters near the administration of the enterprise are also mass social communities.
A separate place among other associations is occupied by an ethnos - a set of people living for a long period of time in a certain territory, having a stable own culture, distinguished by self-awareness, that is, aware of the difference between their association and other similar ones. is formed, as a rule, on the basis of a common area for living, creating all the necessary conditions for people to interact with each other. Further, when such a social community as an ethnos has already been formed, this feature becomes secondary or even loses its significance. People who consider themselves belonging can live in different parts of the Earth and, at the same time, remember and honor the traditions of their ethnic group, celebrate the holidays established by them and adhere to the rules of behavior determined by them.
The socialization of a person is impossible without his interaction with other representatives of the human race. Each of us, to one degree or another, belongs to not one, but several social communities at once. A person outside of society ceases to feel like a person, becomes an outcast.
Historical communities of people are large, stable associations that reveal common features life, material and spiritual culture, language, etc.
Genus. Its basis is blood relations. Economic relations appear here in the shell of family ties. This can also be attributed to the tribe as an association of several clans. The first I.F.O. people is a kind - an organization primitive society based on consanguinity, collective ownership of the means of production, community of elements primitive culture, language, traditions, etc. The need for a stable team of people capable of concerted action and continuous management of the economy was generated by the need to develop the productive forces and maintain the existence of the clan. The primitive mode of production was best answered by the tribal organization of people. At this stage in the development of society, the production collective could be formed only on the basis of natural kinship, and the clan, in contrast to the primitive herd, became such a stable collective.
The shape of a wider ethnic community, characteristic of the primitive communal system, is tribe, which, as a rule, consisted of several genera. Tribes were also based on tribal relations, blood relations of people. A person's belonging to a tribe made him a co-owner of common property and ensured participation in public life. Therefore, the tribe had the same characteristics as the clan. Each tribe had given name, territory, community of economic life, language, customs, mores, religious rites. It should be noted that tribal relations were widespread not only during the development of the primitive communal system. Many features inherent in such relationships have been preserved in one form or another and in modern era among the many peoples of Asia, Latin America and Africa.
historical process development of productive forces and production relations led to the destruction of tribal relations. The decomposition of the primitive and the emergence of a class society contributed to the emergence of a new historical community of the people. Nationality as a community of people is formed with the emergence of private property relations. The development of private property, exchange, trade destroyed the former tribal ties, gave rise to a new division of labor and class stratification. The blood-kindred principle of uniting people gave way to the territorial one. The nationality consists of tribes close in origin and language. It is known, for example, that the German nationality was formed from various Germanic tribes, the Polish one from the Slavic ones, and so on.
Nationality. Occurs in slave and feudal societies. The economic basis for the formation of a nationality is private labor and private property. Nationality develops as a result of the merger of different tribes, their loss of economic, territorial, linguistic independence and the formation on their basis of a common material and spiritual culture, a single territory, language, and later the state. Nationality as a historically established community of people is characterized by such features as a common territory , economic relations, common language and culture, etc. Having arisen in a slave-owning and feudal society, nationalities are preserved and even formed up to the present day.
But the history of society develops further, the development of material production leads to the fact that natural economy is replaced by commodity production, economic fragmentation is eliminated, and economic and cultural ties between nationalities are strengthened. All this contributed to the fact that during the period of development of capitalist relations a new historical community of people appeared, a nation for which, along with other features (a common territory, language, customs, traditions, etc.), the main thing is a common economic space, a developed economy and culture. Nations are formed from many or several nationalities. Thus, it is well known that the Russian nation was formed from several Slavic peoples. The same can be said about many nations inhabiting various continents and continents. the globe.
Nation - it is such a historical community of people that has a common territory, language, culture and, most importantly, general economy. Such historical communities people, as nationalities and nations, play big role in the life of society, when they acquire self-consciousness and unite in the name of a certain goal. At the same time, it is important to keep in mind that although the national liberation movement is one of the powerful factors social progress but not only does it not relegate the class struggle to the background, but often acts in alliance with it. Nations are formed from people of various tribes and nationalities as a result of the socialization of production, the creation of a single market. The nation is characterized by a common economic life, territory, language, mental warehouse, manifested in national character and culture. Its characteristic economic community has a deeper and more universal character due to the dominance of capitalist commodity production with its inherent division and cooperation of labor and commodity-money relations. The nation is a product of the bourgeois era.
It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of nation and nationality. Nationality is identified with ethnos, ethnic origin.
Ethnos- a set of people with genetically determined and more or less pronounced common typical outward signs, common culture, language, ethnic identity, common territory, which this ethnic group perceives as their country.
There are different concepts in the understanding of the nation:
Semenov: civil concept nation. A nation is the totality of people living in a country.
· Tishkov: instrumental concept. Nation is a concept invented by politicians to solve their political problems. The nation is a means for the political mobilization of the population.
A nation is a historically stable community of people that has developed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, culture and mental makeup.
Previously, nation and nationality coincided, but with the development of economic relations, migration, these concepts were separated. The main feature of a nation is a common economic structure.
3 periods in the formation of nations.
1. The era of the formation of capitalism. At this time, the nationality turns into a nation.
2. The spread of capitalism from developed countries. This is due to the colonial policy, when the colonies were deprived of the opportunity to form their own nation.
3. The collapse of the colonial system. Former colonies gained independence, this completed the formation of nations.
2 trends in the development of nations under capitalism:
the folding of nations, the awakening of national life
· the strengthening of ties between states breaks down national borders, makes them transparent. There is such a thing as globalization.
In the social structure of society, an important role also belongs to family, as one of the small social groups of people. A family is a small social group whose members are connected by marriage or kinship, common life and mutual moral responsibility, certain legal norms. The social necessity of the family is determined by the needs of society. Being a necessary component of the social structure of any society and performing various social functions, the family plays important role in social development, performing a number of important social functions.
The family, as a certain community, is formed under the influence of many factors. Here, first of all, the factors of the natural order have an impact: the satisfaction of the needs for procreation. The material and production life of society, the state of the economy, and the possibilities for the development of the material sphere of the family have a great influence on the family as a social community. Equally important in this regard are the ability to satisfy spiritual needs, the manifestation of feelings mutual love, respect, care between family members.
family like social institution arose with the formation of society. In the early stages of its development, the relationship between man and woman, elder and younger generation regulated by tribal and tribal customs. With the emergence of morality, religion, and then the state, the regulation of sexual life acquired a moral and legal character. This allowed for even greater social control over marriage. With the development of society, there were certain changes in marriage and family relations.
Family life and its social functions are multifaceted. They are associated with intimate life spouses, procreation, raising children. All this is based on the observance of certain moral and legal norms: love, respect, duty, fidelity, etc.
The family is such a foundation of society and such a microenvironment, the climate of which contributes or hinders the development of moral and physical strength man, his development as a social being. It is in the family that those moral foundations that contribute to the development of the individual.
The family has the greatest influence on a child's personality. In the sphere of influence of the family, the intellect and emotions of the child, his views and tastes, skills and habits are simultaneously affected. family education is practically comprehensive, because it is not limited to suggestion, but includes all forms of influence on the emerging personality: through communication and direct observation, work and personal example of others. In other words, the development of the child is organically inscribed in the life of the family. The educational function of the family cannot be overestimated.
Society is vitally interested in a strong, spiritually and morally healthy family. It requires attention and assistance from the state in the performance of social functions, the upbringing of children, and the improvement of material, housing and living conditions.
The concept of the social community of people allows us to consider the stages in the development of the human community as a social and natural whole, while the features of institutionalization may or may not be considered. The types of social communities of people include: clan, tribe, nationality, nation, extra-national inter-national communities.
Genus as a social community of people is determined by the presence of structured family ties. This form of community corresponds to the ancient, original development of human communities. A tribe as a social community is characterized by the fact that it consists of several genera. Within the tribe, the genetic purity of new generations is ensured. The tribe, in comparison with the clan, is a more progressive form of community, which is characterized by a single organization of life and the presence of a governing structure. The existence of tribes is characterized not only by the presence of blood and family ties and management structure but also in a way, a way of life. This method or way of life characterizes specific forms of development of nature by a given community. In this regard, it is necessary to note the existing "specialization" of the tribes (livestock breeding, agricultural, fishing, etc.).
Nationality is the next form of social communities of people. Compared with the tribe, the nationality is a noticeable step towards strengthening the social organizational characteristics the life of the human community, compared with the emphasis on the consanguineous moment (in the tribe). The nationality is characterized by the following features: language, the unity of natural characteristics (ethnic characteristics), which is manifested in all representatives of this nationality; features of culture (including ways of life and their reflection in the spiritual life), the territory of residence.
The nation as a social community of people is characterized by the following signs: common language, culture, territory, unity of ethnic traits, as well as common economic life. Given that the existence of an economic process is associated with the manifestation of capitalization public relations, whose symbol is large-scale machine production. The commonality of economic life is established in relation to this or that ethnos, as taking place only when for given people the main sign that characterizes the organization of his life is the establishment of links with nature and with other communities through the creation of their own technologies that use the capabilities of machines. We are talking about the transition from natural forms of management on earth to forms of creation built environment mediating the attitude of the human community to nature. This mediation essentially changes the characteristics of the community itself, in particular, it leads to a weakening of the status of the blood-natural, muscular strength of people as the leading one. It was during this period that the connection of people, due to non-consanguineous characteristics, arises, and more and more intensifies. Although these characteristics remain, they cease to play a decisive role. significant role in the human community.
It is for the nation that the community of economic life is characteristic, therefore, the community of people in its development directly leads to the emergence of new communities - international ones, in which people go beyond the boundaries of ties, defined with an emphasis on natural and social aspects.
The emergence of international communities occurs when the community of economic life covers a number of regions in which different peoples are present. Within the framework of international communities (the American people, Soviet people) there is a problem of preserving the cultural identity of the incoming peoples, their languages.
Within the framework of the global economic process, there is a gradual non-violation of features cultural life different peoples including their languages. In this regard, the task is to achieve a conscious orientation towards the preservation of the cultural achievements of all peoples. This task is essentially the task of opposing the actual human technologization social life, within the framework of which the person himself turns into a cog in an impersonal process that does not have proper cultural definitions.
The theory that serves the technologization of social life, substantiating its positivity, or at least neutrality, in relation to the process of destruction of culture, is the theory of cosmopolitanism. main idea This theory is that a person should not look for the cultural context of his own existence, that, being in a stream of technological manipulations, called the modern way of existence of human civilization, a person should abstract from the absence of the first and the presence of the second and in his existence find a replacement for the lost content in social technology movement. In other words, a cosmopolitan is one who, regardless of location and social context of existence, feels equally good and is not a defender of any existing or lost cultural worlds.
The point is that the position of the cosmopolitan characterizes the rooted-external relationship of the individual to any cultural content. The cosmopolitan is characterized by the predominance of non-cultural definitions of existence, a complete focus on civilizational definitions. It is this position, expressing and substantiating cosmopolitanism, that is carefully veiled, since only in the subtext is there a connection between the purely civilizational position of the individual and the interests of the dominant social groups. In categorical terms, the position of cosmopolitanism could be expressed in the form of the loss of a link between the universal and the special. The real version is that the universal does not exist outside the particular. The universal planetary idea, which cosmopolitanism adopts, is absolutized as a result of the assertion by cosmopolitans of the insignificance, insignificance for a person of one or another feature of a territorially defined area on the planet. It is in this that the separation of the substantial basis of involvement in the universal material world is expressed, which is always expressed in the presence of a person of his homeland, that is, a place on the planet, loving which, a person loves the whole planet. Cosmopolitanism characterizes a person as a citizen of the World. This expresses the presence of his manipulative-correlative status. Here the correlation of the individual with the sphere of the alienated-normatively regulating characteristics of existence is established. The universal, manifesting itself, receives its content, meaningfulness, through the general, the special. In relation to this sphere, a person acts as a unit that must. conforming to her, obeying her standards. It is subordination that is central to the definition of the concept of a citizen. This definition does not specifically emphasize the cultural capabilities of a person.
The idea of world citizenship arises from the deepening of capitalist transformations of social ties. This idea is intended, firstly, to justify the rejection of the significance and intrinsic value of a person's cultural position, replacing it with the ability to adapt in the "technologization" of social life. Secondly, the idea of world citizenship is aimed at destroying the national in relation to technologically more developed countries. In this sense, there is a manipulation with the phenomenon of the national: the national is opposed to the world. The need to maintain the specifics of the national on the basis of the assertion of the need to subordinate it to the world is denied. However, this manipulation with the concept of the national is based on an abstract understanding of the concept of the world. When the world is considered a-national, it appears to be non-existent in reality. This line of thought is common. In this case, an ideological procedure takes place, as a result of which the world is cleared of the array of the national. After such a purification, the concept of the world includes an indication of the presence of some array (number) of participants, units of the economic financial process covering everyone, and the concept of the world includes an indication of the involvement of these units in the general technological, financial process covering everyone. Thus, we are talking about an abstract image of the process of civilizational movement taking place everywhere, in which the individual is to some extent an accomplice and expresses the image of a cosmopolitan - a citizen of the world. Since this process has its own norms and regulations in relation to which this individual determines his place, including a place that is not fixed at any point on the globe. This is explained by the fact that the world process, as such, should be determined not so much by the results that characterize it, but by the facts of the continuation of the begun movement. We are talking about an economic process that covers the whole world. For him, the various national characteristics of social life are not important. Therefore, the real status of the national is leveled, giving way to the status of the actual economic. Various, not only national, but also political, religious, ideological and other problems are solved under the flag of cosmopolitanism.
The problem of globalization as a problem of economic superiority of the developed and an attempt to forcibly join economically underdeveloped countries to this level is currently a powerful trend in the world process that ignores national traditions and forces the national economy to develop intensively.
