Chapter 4. What to Do: Building a Sales System

Chapter 7 Summary: Building a Business System FEATURED QUOTE Most managers are too busy to think. Most managers see themselves as the foreman who sets the pace for the entire team. In a well-organized corporation, the attention of seniors

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of the economic security of enterprises 1.1. Economic security. Background Economic security - part common system national security of the country. It affects almost all aspects of the life of the state,

1.3. Criteria and indicators of economic security of the national economy There is a close relationship between economic security and the system of national-state interests. It is through the category of national-state interests that weave together

Chapter 2. The process of ensuring economic security at the regional level 2.1. The system of indicators and indicators of economic security in the region One of the primary tasks in the study of economic security is the development of such a system

2.1. System of indicators and indicators of economic security in the region One of the primary tasks in the study of economic security is the development of such a system of indicators that would objectively and

2.3. Algorithm for ensuring economic security in the region Security management is a continuous process of ensuring and protecting the economic interests of the region from internal and external threats, provided through the implementation of a set of measures aimed at

Chapter 3. Activities to ensure the economic security of enterprises Two groups of subjects are involved in ensuring the security of an enterprise. The first group is engaged in this activity directly at the enterprise and is subordinate to its management. Among this

3.1. Ensuring the economic security of the enterprise. Basic definitions Economic security in a number of publications is defined as follows: “it is the protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state in the economic sphere from internal and

3.2. Reasons for the destabilization of economic security The level of economic security of an enterprise depends, first of all, on the ability of management to anticipate and prevent possible threats, as well as quickly resolve problems that have arisen. Among the reasons,

3.5. Tasks of economic security In modern conditions, the process of successful functioning and economic development of Russian enterprises largely depends on the improvement of their activities in the field of ensuring economic security. Should

4.1. Principles of building an enterprise security system Taking into account the listed tasks, the conditions of competition, the specifics of the enterprise's business, its security system is built. It should be noted that the security system of each company is also purely

4.4. Financial Diagnostics economic security of an enterprise In modern conditions, the process of successful functioning and economic development of domestic enterprises largely depends on the degree of ensuring their economic security. Necessity

Chapter 5. Features of economic security at enterprises of various industries Among the existing means of ensuring security, the following can be distinguished: 1) Technical means. These include security and fire systems, video-radio equipment, means

Chapter 1 Theoretical foundations of managing the economic security of an enterprise

Fundamentals of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise

In accordance with federal law dated July 26, 2006 No. 135-FZ “On Protection of Competition” an economic entity is an individual entrepreneur, commercial organization, and non-profit organization engaged in activities that generate income. (Belozerov)

N.P. Shulyak gives the following definition of an enterprise. Company - is an independent business entity with the rights of a legal entity that produces products, goods, services, performs work, engages in various types economic activity, the purpose of which is to meet social needs, profit and capital growth.

The economy of the state can be simplistically viewed as a set of all kinds of enterprises that are in close industrial, commercial and other relationships between themselves and the state. The health of the entire economy and the productive capacity of the state depend on how efficiently enterprises operate, what their financial condition is. (Sergeev)

One of the most important areas in the study of threats to national security is the economic sphere. The study of the economic security of all subjects of entrepreneurial and other activities is of decisive importance for the favorable development of the state.

The activity of entrepreneurs in modern economic conditions in Russia is very complex. And this is due not only to the general crisis state of the Russian economy, persistent inflation, the low exchange rate of the ruble and other macroeconomic deformations, but also to a number of specific factors that increase the activation of threats economic security of entrepreneurship. Among these factors highest value have the following.

1. Significant degree of market monopolization, partly preserved from the former administrative-command system, partly newly emerged. At the same time, the level of competition for Russian markets is growing, both on the part of domestic and foreign manufacturers.

2. Preservation of significant pressure on business entities from state bodies (for example, in the areas of licensing, taxation).

3. Growing criminalization of Russian business in general and the increasing use of transactions by criminal structures in order to launder "dirty" money, export it abroad, etc.

4. The presence of a number of social problems - low level income of the population, unemployment, staff turnover, all this reduces the degree of responsibility and increases the likelihood of an employee's inclination to sell company secrets and other illegal actions.

5. Imperfection of the legislation regulating relations in the field of entrepreneurship (expressed, for example, in the orientation of legal norms to combat the consequences of offenses, and not the causes, in the discrepancy between the damage caused and the sanctions applied).

6. Lack of unity of action and mutual coordination of various law enforcement agencies.

7. The relative "youth" of Russian business and the undeveloped means and methods for protecting their own economic security, the lack of experienced specialists.

In addition, entrepreneurial activity, in its essence, is very versatile. It is connected with the solution of organizational issues, legal and economic problems, technical aspects, personnel, etc. It is especially difficult to manage such activities when the firm is large, diversified. manufacturing plant, which has the broadest business ties and a significant number of counterparties: suppliers, creditors, borrowers, customers.

In any case, each firm is a system that includes the main elements and the links between them. A system is a set of objects, the interaction of which determines the presence of integrative qualities that are not characteristic of its parts, components. It is precisely along the lines of internal and external relations of the system (firm) that threats to its economic security can be realized. To ensure the maximum degree of protection against these threats, certain activities are necessary, which should also be of a systematic nature.

The category of "economic security" has recently appeared in the conceptual apparatus of economic science. Like any new concept, it does not yet have a generally accepted interpretation. In relation to the enterprise, it is considered as an integral assessment of the resource potential and the degree of protection of the enterprise from the negative effects of the external environment. It reflects both the elements of diagnosing the current state and the forecast of future risks and threats.

Specialists involved in the study of security issues of an economic entity and its various aspects give a variety of its definitions.

A.G. Shavaev believes that the economic security of an enterprise is the position of the most efficient use of resources to prevent threats and ensure the stable functioning of an enterprise for the present and in the future.

V.P. Mak-Mak believes that security is the state of an object (enterprise) in the system of its connections in terms of the ability to sustain (self-survival) and development in the face of internal and external threats, the actions of unpredictable and difficult to predict factors.

IN AND. Yarochkin under the complex security of entrepreneurship understands the state of protection of the interests of the owners, management and customers of the enterprise, material assets and information resources from internal and external threats.

Some authors (for example, Bogomolov V.A.) associate the economic security of an organization with its ability to develop and work in a constantly changing internal and external environment, which characterizes its sustainability.

I.P. Belozerov and E.A. Klokov believe that the economic security of an economic entity should be understood as the state of its protection from external and internal threats that have negative economic consequences, ensuring its ability to function and develop normally.

Thus, the economic security of an enterprise provides for sustainable development, that is, balanced and continuous, which is achieved through the use of all types of resources and entrepreneurial opportunities, which guarantee their most efficient use for stable operation and dynamic scientific, technical and social development, prevent internal threats.

Based this definition economic security, its fundamental quality is resistance to the influence of factors of the internal and external environment.

The economic security of an organization may include:

financial security;

industrial safety;

Personnel security;

Information security;

legal security;

Ecological safety.

Most important aspect economic security of the organization - financial security, which is a direct consequence of the activities of the enterprise in all areas and directions. Exactly at financial indicators all aspects of economic security are reflected.

Threats to the financial interests of an enterprise at all stages of its development are an objective, permanent factor and therefore require serious attention and consideration from financial managers. In the conditions of the economy in transition, characterized by high variability of the factors of the external and internal environment of the functioning of the enterprise, the implementation of an aggressive financial policy by many participants in its financial relations, the relevance of forming a system of its financial security increases significantly. The practice of the last decade shows that one of the most common causes of the financial crisis and bankruptcy of enterprises was the lack of an effective system of their financial security. (Form)

The system for ensuring the financial security of an enterprise is understood as a set of ongoing measures to protect the business from internal and external negative financial threats. The degree of this protection is determined by the ability of the company's management bodies at the appropriate levels:

· to ensure the sustainable economic development of the company, the achievement of the main target parameters of activity while maintaining the liquidity and independence of its financial system;

· to neutralize the negative impact of the economic crisis, the deliberate actions of competitors and other "unfriendly" structures;

· to prevent transactions with the assets of the enterprise, creating a threat of loss of property rights;

· form an adequate accounting system for financial flows and strengthen the operational efficiency of the control system;

· attract and use borrowed funds at the best cost from reliable banks and control the acceptable level of debt burden;

· to prevent cases of negligence, fraud, as well as deliberate actions of personnel in relations with counterparties, as well as other financial violations, including those related to the use of state budget funds;

· to develop and implement a system of continuous monitoring of the company's financial condition in order to diagnose crisis phenomena and signs of bankruptcy early;

· ensure that work is carried out to protect the confidentiality of information constituting a trade secret.

The implementation of these areas will help the company create the necessary safety margin of the financial system in the face of existing and emerging threats to it. Unfortunately, financial security management is often carried out in a relatively stable business environment, when a "reactive" form of management is used: making managerial decisions to respond to current problems. Of course, it cannot be said that at the same time companies do not pay attention to the issues of ensuring the protection of their financial interests and business stability. Many of them have created and operate internal control, special and economic security services, newfangled risk management units, modern Information Systems, systems of financial planning and forecasting. However, each of these systems is aimed at solving its own local problems.

Meanwhile, the most effective way management of financial security is the introduction of a systematic approach, which includes the introduction by the management and owners of enterprises of uniform requirements for all elements of the company's management system and the organization of control over their implementation, the distribution of responsibilities for all categories of personnel up to ordinary employees of the company, the establishment of normative values ​​​​of financial security indicators.

It is especially important that the systematic approach is reflected in the relevant corporate document, for example, the company's economic security strategy. This document should formalize the goals and objects of this strategy and its key element - financial security. The characteristics of threats to the financial security of the company, reflecting the specifics of its activities, should be determined, criteria and regulatory parameters for the safe financial condition of the business should be formulated, measures and mechanisms aimed at ensuring it should be described. In order to develop the main provisions of the strategy, internal local regulations of the enterprise, the general and financial director, heads of security and internal control services are responsible for developing quantitative and qualitative values ​​of financial security criteria, monitoring and forecasting the factors that determine the occurrence of financial threats and developing measures to overcome them, developing and implementing systems for early diagnosis of crisis situations. (Blank I.A.)

Ensuring the economic security of an enterprise is a continuous process in time, which includes the following steps:

1. monitoring and identifying threats to the enterprise;

2. choice of methodology for analyzing the financial condition, criteria and indicators for its assessment;

3. elimination of insolvency;

4. maintaining a normal level of financial stability;

5. systematic monitoring of the state and dynamics of indicators of economic security;

6. application of methods for ensuring economic security in accordance with the results of monitoring and identification of the financial condition;

7. minimizing the consequences of the crisis.

The company must constantly monitor its financial condition and environmental factors. On the basis of this monitoring, early signs of the development of the crisis are revealed, diagnostics and identification of the crisis and the financial condition of the enterprise are carried out. Bankruptcy probability forecasting can also be applied. This problem is solved at all stages of the enterprise activity cycle and in any of its states.

System monitoring is carried out in order to detect early signs of threats to the economic security of the enterprise. The significance of this stage is determined by the fact that it allows you to identify factors that have a negative impact on the financial condition of the company and other aspects of the economic activity of the enterprise.

To carry out a qualitative analysis, it is necessary to adhere to a certain methodology. There is no consensus on approaches to assessing the financial condition and the choice of certain indicators. In this regard, the management and top management are faced with the difficult task of determining the objects of the "crisis field". The criteria and methods for assessing the financial condition are very diverse. Often, their choice depends, in addition to subjective factors, also on the size of the enterprise, industry and types of economic activity, dynamics and structure of property, etc.

Elimination of insolvency is the most urgent task of ensuring economic security for any stage of the cycle, regardless of the financial condition of the enterprise. The practical implementation of this task is reduced to the constant control of accounts receivable and accounts payable of the enterprise, the systematization and tightening of business contracts, the application of a system of incentives and sanctions to ensure timely and complete fulfillment of financial obligations to counterparties.

Solving the problem of maintaining normal financial stability requires the greatest efforts and costs, ensuring the implementation of a phased restructuring of the entire financial activity of the enterprise. At the same time, the optimization of the capital structure is solved, current assets and cash flows, the investment activity of the enterprise decreases.

One of the most significant elements of the enterprise security system is the mechanism for its provision, which is a set of legislative acts, legal norms, incentives and incentives, methods, measures, forces and means, with the help of which the achievement of security goals and the solution of tasks are achieved.

A systematic approach to the formation of a mechanism for ensuring the economic security of an enterprise suggests that it is necessary to take into account all the real conditions of its activity, and the mechanism itself must have clearly defined elements, a scheme of their action and interaction. The structure of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of an enterprise consists of several blocks, the simultaneous operation of which is designed to provide sufficient profit for the expanded reproduction of the capital of the enterprise, resulting from the observance of the interests of the enterprise, i.e. as a result of the interaction of the enterprise with the subjects of the external environment. The mechanism for ensuring the economic security of an enterprise can have a different degree of structuring and formalization.

The risk factor in entrepreneurial activity and the need to cover possible damage cause the need to create special funds of funds. The formation of reserve and other similar funds with a predetermined procedure for the formation, replenishment and use makes it possible to direct the resources concentrated in them to compensate for losses without the threat of disrupting the normal course of business activity. However, the values ​​of stocks and reserves should be strictly limited, which otherwise leads to an increase in the cost of storage facilities (in the case of material resources) or the withdrawal of funds from circulation (in the case of financial resources).

In the concept of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of an enterprise, the main requirement is the presence of indicative analysis as a method of economic research, the essence of which is to identify trends and changes in indicators of economic security, their integration in ensuring the economic stability of the subject and his interests.

Indicators of economic security are normative characteristics and indicators that:

1. quantitatively reflect threats to economic security;

2. have high sensitivity and volatility and, accordingly, a high signaling ability to warn society, the state and market entities about possible dangers due to changes in the macroeconomic situation, measures taken by the government in the field of economic policy, etc.

3. perform the functions of indicators not separately from each other, but only in the aggregate, i.e. interact quite strongly.

To build a mechanism for ensuring economic security, it is the third property that, in our opinion, is the most important. The interaction of indicators always exists, but only under certain conditions of increasing threats does it go beyond the established boundaries, acquire an extreme character and become obvious. The accumulation of information about the numerical parameters of such interaction is necessary to determine the consequences of the implementation of threats and make informed management decisions aimed at reducing their impact on the economic activity of the enterprise.

The system of controlled indicators of the enterprise's activity includes special indicators of economic security (the direction of the enterprise's development), by changing which for a certain time period they diagnose and identify the financial condition of the enterprise: normal, pre-crisis, crisis. At the same time, it is possible to predict the bankruptcy of an enterprise.

Depending on the degree of change in security indicators relative to their planned and normative values, a certain financial condition of the enterprise is identified for different models, and the levels of probability of its bankruptcy are predicted. The result of identifying the financial condition is of fundamental importance, since it not only gives a general assessment of the current state of the enterprise, but mainly indicates the adoption of a certain range of management measures in planning, organization and motivation.

When early signs of a crisis are detected, preventive mechanisms are introduced to neutralize the development of the crisis and return the enterprise to a normal financial condition. Preventive mechanisms include:

• volume reduction financial transactions in the most risky areas of the financial activity of the enterprise;
• increasing the level of internal and external insurance of financial risks that threaten a crisis;
• sale of a part of surplus or unused assets of the enterprise to increase liquid assets;
• conversion and monetary form of receivables and cash equivalents.

If in the process of monitoring and identifying the financial condition of an enterprise, its pre-crisis financial condition is diagnosed, then mechanisms to counter the developing crisis are applied: organizational, adjustment of the development strategy, financial stabilization.

Thus, the implementation of managerial decisions due to a number of circumstances (including the development of crisis situations) is carried out in unfavorable conditions for reducing the manageability of the enterprise, conflicts of interest, a high degree of uncertainty and lack of time.

Research and systematization scientific approaches to the issues of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise allows us to draw the following conclusions.

Ensuring the economic security of an enterprise should be considered as a continuous process in time, which includes systemic monitoring of selected indicators that make it possible to give an objective assessment of the state of economic security of an enterprise and apply certain mechanisms to ensure it.

Management decisions and tools for their implementation largely depend on the current state of all aspects of the enterprise and the results of forecasting the probability of bankruptcy. The level of the state of economic security determines the choice of appropriate control levers.

In this regard, the following definition can be given. The mechanism for ensuring the economic security of an enterprise is a set of means and methods of influencing the process of developing and implementing management decisions aimed at ensuring crisis-free economic development of an enterprise. This mechanism has a complex structure (Figure 1).

Features of the functioning of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise are as follows:

• it is characterized by dynamism, constant improvement;
• it has an adaptive character, in accordance with changes in the internal and external environment of the enterprise.

Figure 1 - The mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise

The main purpose of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise is to create and implement conditions that ensure the economic security of the enterprise. These conditions are determined based on the criteria of economic security and its level. The most important conditions taken into account in the structure of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise should be: minimizing the costs of the enterprise, adapting to innovations and expanding the scope of the use of market infrastructure services. It seems that these conditions are able to have the most significant impact on the formation of the enterprise's profit, thereby ensuring its economic security. (1. Illarionov A. Criteria of economic security // Questions of Economics. 1998, No. 10, p. 45)

Economic security of the enterprise- this is the state of its protection from the negative impact of external and internal threats, destabilizing factors, which ensures the sustainable implementation of the main commercial interests and goals of the statutory activities.

For each enterprise, "external" and "internal" threats are purely individual. At the same time, in our opinion, these categories include certain elements that are acceptable to almost any business entity.

To external threats and destabilizing factors include the illegal activities of criminal structures, competitors, firms and individuals engaged in industrial espionage or fraud, insolvent business partners who were previously dismissed for various misconduct by employees of the enterprise, as well as offenses by corrupt elements from among representatives of regulatory and law enforcement agencies.

To internal threats and destabilizing factors include actions or inactions (including intentional and unintentional) of the company's employees that are contrary to the interests of its commercial activities, which may result in economic damage to the company, leakage or loss of information resources (including information constituting a trade secret and / or confidential information) , undermining its business image in business circles, the emergence of problems in relationships with real and potential partners (up to the loss of important contracts), conflict situations with representatives of the criminal environment, competitors, regulatory and law enforcement agencies, industrial injuries or death of personnel, etc.

Tasks. Construction principles. Essential elements

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the threats listed above allows us to conclude that reliable protection economy of any company is possible only with an integrated and systematic approach to its organization. In this regard, the term "SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY" of an enterprise appeared in the vocabulary of professionals involved in ensuring the security of the business of commercial structures.

WITH system of economic security of the enterprise (SEB) is a complex of organizational and managerial, regime, technical, preventive and propaganda measures aimed at the qualitative implementation of protecting the interests of the enterprise from external and internal threats.

To the number the main tasks of the SEB any commercial structure include:

– protection of the legal rights and interests of the enterprise and its employees;

- collection, analysis, evaluation of data and forecasting of the development of the situation;

- study of partners, customers, competitors, candidates for work in the company;

- timely identification of possible aspirations to the enterprise and its employees from sources of external security threats;

- preventing the penetration of economic intelligence structures of competitors, organized crime and individuals with illegal intentions into the enterprise;

– counteraction to technical penetration for criminal purposes;

- detection, prevention and suppression of possible illegal and other negative activities of the employees of the enterprise to the detriment of its safety;

– protection of employees of the enterprise from violent encroachments;

– ensuring the safety of material assets and information constituting the trade secret of the enterprise;

- obtaining the necessary information to develop the most optimal management decisions on the strategy and tactics of the company's economic activity;

– physical and technical protection of buildings, structures, territory and vehicles;

– formation among the population and business partners of a favorable opinion about the enterprise, contributing to the implementation of plans for economic activity and statutory goals;

– compensation for material and moral damage caused as a result of illegal actions of organizations and individuals;

– control over the effectiveness of the functioning of the security system, improvement of its elements.

Taking into account the listed tasks, the conditions of competition, the specifics of the enterprise's business, its system of economic security is being built. It should be noted that the SES of each company is also purely individual. Its completeness and effectiveness largely depend on the legislative framework available in the state, the material, technical and financial resources allocated by the head of the enterprise, the understanding by each of the employees of the importance of ensuring business security, as well as the knowledge and practical experience of the head of the SES, who is directly involved in building and maintaining in " working condition" of the system itself.

The construction of the SES of an enterprise should be carried out on the basis of compliance with the principles:

- legality;

– rights and freedoms of citizens;

– centralized management;

– competencies;

– confidentiality;

– reasonable sufficiency, compliance with external and internal security threats;

- integrated use of forces and means;

– independence and responsibility for ensuring safety;

– advanced material and technical equipment;

– corporate ethics;

– coordination and interaction with authorities and management.

The main elements of the SES of the enterprise include:

1) protection of trade secrets and confidential information;

2) computer security;

3) internal security;

4) safety of buildings and structures;

5) physical security;

6) technical safety;

7) communication security;

8) security of economic and contractual activities;

9) safety of transportation of goods and persons;

11) fire safety;

12) environmental safety;

13) radiation and chemical safety;

14) competitive intelligence;

15) information and analytical work;

16) propaganda support, socio-psychological, preventive and preventive work among the personnel and their training on issues of economic security;

17) expert verification of the mechanism of the security system.

Nowadays, the protection of the interests of the enterprise from the illegal activities of corrupt representatives of regulatory and law enforcement agencies is becoming increasingly important. In this regard, this area of ​​work is singled out by many heads of the economic security services of commercial structures as a separate element of the SES.

The main meaning of such a system is that it should be proactive, and the main criteria for assessing its reliability and effectiveness are:

- ensuring the stable operation of the enterprise, the preservation and increase of finances and material values;

- prevention of crisis situations, including various emergencies associated with the activities of "external" and / or "internal" ill-wishers.

A feature and, at the same time, complexity in building a system of economic security is the fact that its effectiveness depends almost entirely on the human factor. As practice shows, even if there is a professionally trained head of the security service at the enterprise, modern technical means You will not achieve the desired results until every employee in your team realizes the importance and necessity of the implemented economic security measures.

And they won't be popular.

- someone will lose the opportunity to have fun on the Internet during working hours or after work, download music and other information, read books in electronic form, etc.;

- someone will find it a burden to change the password on their computer once a week;

- someone will consider it below their dignity to rise every time in order to destroy the draft in a paper-cutting machine, remove documents from the table and close the window after the end of the working day, seal and hand over their office against signature in the magazine to the security service;

- someone will no longer be able to bring their friends to work (including on weekends) or boast on the side of personal achievements in work or the success of the company;

– some will not be able to use company vehicles and mobile phone for personal purposes, as well as for hours to conduct personal conversations over official wired telephone channels, etc.

Therefore, for the legally correct, effective and comprehensive use of the SES in protecting the interests of the enterprise from all types of ill-wishers, the requirements for ensuring business security are set out in the relevant orders of the head, employment contracts with employees and their official duties, special instructions, regulations, contracts with business partners, etc. After that, they are brought to the staff against signature in the process of classes and briefings.

In matters of economic security, the role and understanding of the relevance of the problem, first of all, by the head of the enterprise, is more important than ever. The director and, if available, the head of security, should promote among the staff one of the basic corporate rules: “The company is your second family. The enterprise gives all employees jobs, material benefits, career prospects, etc. In this regard, the task of each employee is to increase the success and financial situation of the company (as well as his family). After all, the success of an enterprise is the stability and prospects of its personnel.”

At the same time, as practice shows, some of your employees may not comply with the requirements established in the company or make mistakes due to forgetfulness, someone due to negligence, and someone out of revenge. Someone may have financial difficulties due to the illness of loved ones or in connection with a loss in a casino, and he decides to “compensate” them at the expense of the company. Someone will think that he was undeservedly punished by the director, that he deserves a promotion for a long time, or that his contribution to the company's activities deserves a much higher salary, but the management does not notice this, etc.

In a word, with age, change social status, material well-being, the appearance of harmful inclinations, as well as in the event of some objective circumstances, people can change or behave inappropriately.

At the same time, it is necessary to understand that there are no “minor” officials in matters of ensuring economic security, but only features (in connection with the functions and duties performed by each of the employees).

Secretary - probably no one will object that this category has a serious amount of the most diverse information about the company.

The cleaning lady can steal a document with important information from the director's desktop or rewrite, memorize, photocopy its contents, conscientiously throw it out of wastebasket not destroyed documents or documents destroyed in such a way that it is not difficult to restore them.

The security guard is able to do all the same, and at night and on weekends he has an additional opportunity to let strangers into the office, who, in turn, can harm you (starting from the banal theft of documents and property and ending with the setting of an eavesdropper in your office techniques or "pumping" sensitive information from your computer).

In view of the foregoing, it can be concluded that the SES of an enterprise will only meet the requirements for it when all personnel understand the importance of ensuring the safety of the company and consciously comply with all the requirements established by this system. This goal is achieved as a result of continuous, painstaking educational and preventive work with employees of the enterprise, their education and special training on issues of current legislation and various aspects of economic security.

Economic security of an enterprise as a successful component of modern business

In modern conditions, the process of successful functioning and economic development of Russian enterprises largely depends on the improvement of their activities in the field of ensuring economic security. The main factors that negatively affect the security of entrepreneurial activity in Russia are the following:

· active participation of representatives of power and management in commercial activities;

use of criminal structures to influence competitors;

· Lack of laws to fully counteract unfair competition;

· lack of favorable conditions in the country for conducting scientific and technical research;

Lack of detailed and objective information about business entities and their financial situation;

Lack of culture of doing business in the business environment;

The use of operational and technical methods in order to obtain the necessary information about competitors.

It should be noted that today not all business leaders are ready to fully appreciate the need to create a reliable system of economic security. In the Law of the Russian Federation "On Security", the concept of "security" is defined as a state of protection of vital interests. However, in public consciousness stereotypes are still strong, according to which this area belongs to the sphere of competence of the state and special bodies. It is in this that the roots of the “weak” understanding of the specifics of these problems, first of all, by the first managers of enterprises and organizations, are hidden, attributing them to non-core activities. It is especially difficult to determine the specific actions necessary to protect certain vital resources. As a result, many managers limit themselves to the creation of security structures at the enterprise, almost completely excluding organizational, technical and legal methods, means and ways of protecting information from the arsenal.

As a result, for example, issues of protection of trade secrets are often omitted in license agreements, contracts for the creation of scientific and technical products, which leads to the leakage of commercially significant information.

Measures to ensure the safety of information in a separate enterprise may be different in scale and form and depend on the production, financial and other capabilities of the enterprise, on the quantity and quality of protected secrets. At the same time, the choice of such measures must be carried out based on the principle of reasonable sufficiency, adhering to the “golden mean” in financial calculations, since excessive closure of information, as well as a negligent attitude towards its preservation, can cause a loss of a certain share of profit or lead to serious losses. .

So, the project for ensuring the economic security of an object is a single organizational and technical complex, during the formation of which a concept for ensuring the safety of an object or a security policy is developed. It is based on a list of mandatory measures aimed at developing an action plan to protect the facility: determining the composition of the security service (SB), its place in the organizational structure of the enterprise, its scope of competence, rights and powers, options for actions in various situations in order to avoid conflicts between departments. Their underlying reason usually lies precisely in the fact that many people consider the demands made by the SB to be unreasonably high, or because the SB “pokes its nose everywhere”. Compliance with the above conditions will eliminate the ground for such situations or resolve them quickly and painlessly. The economic security policy defines the correct way from the organization's point of view to use communication and computing resources, rules for access to the facility, rules for handling confidential information, as well as procedures for preventing and responding to security breaches.

It should be noted that the effectiveness of a security policy will only be at the proper level when its implementation is the result of joint activities employees of the organization who are able to understand all aspects of it, and leaders who can influence its implementation. An equally important factor influencing the effectiveness of the security policy is the readiness of personnel to fulfill its requirements, bringing to everyone their duties to maintain the security regime. Compliance with the security policy should be guaranteed by the presence of a person responsible for each type of problem.

Of course, all the main provisions of the security policy should be enshrined in the relevant administrative documents, the composition and content of which are determined by the specifics of the object. However, as a rule, no organization can do without provisions on trade secrets, on information protection, on a network security administrator, rules that restrict access to information contained in automated systems, rules for admitting personnel and visitors to premises where critical information is processed. information, the procedure for conducting an internal investigation into a violation of security rules.

Work on equipping and supporting the activities of the information security system, the creation of a system of administrative documents are included in a set of organizational measures, on the basis of which a high level of information security can be achieved. Nevertheless, the above measures do not allow maintaining the functioning of the protection system at the proper level without a number of organizational and technical measures. Their full list is too wide to be fully cited in this article, let's just say that they allow you to timely identify new channels of information leakage, take measures to neutralize them, improve the protection system and quickly respond to violations of the security regime.

The developed documents define the functions necessary for organizing the work of the Security Council, as well as control and verification and other special functions carried out by it in the course of its activity. The main functions are:

administrative and administrative - preparation of decisions to maintain security and confidentiality regimes; determination of the provisions, rights, duties and responsibilities of officials on security issues, as well as the implementation of the representative functions of the enterprise in this area of ​​its activity;

economic and administrative - determination (together with other divisions of the enterprise) of the resources necessary to solve the problems of ensuring the security of the enterprise, preparation and implementation of organizational, technical and legal measures aimed at the safety of its property, including intellectual property;

· accounting and control - determination of critical areas of financial, economic, production, commercial and other types of activities subject to protection, as well as possible channels of information leakage and other threats to the financial stability and sustainability of the enterprise, assessment of their sources; establishment of effective control;

· organizational and technical - the creation of the organizational structure of the Security Council, as well as other structures in certain areas of work (information security, economic security); organization of interaction between individual structural divisions of the enterprise, contributing to the achievement of the goals of the security policy;

planning and production - development of integrated programs and individual plans for ensuring the safety of the enterprise, preparation and implementation of relevant measures;

· material and technical - directed to the material - technical and technological support of the activities of the security service, equipping it with special equipment;

· scientific and methodological - accumulation and dissemination of best practices in the field of security; organizing training for employees of other departments (to the extent they need);

Information and analytical - collection, accumulation and processing of data related to the field of security, the creation and use of the necessary technical and methodological means.

Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that providing the Security Council with reliable tools, competent prioritization of its activities, like any qualified work, requires the participation of specialists with appropriate vocational training and, no less important, having a fairly large practical experience in this area. The security system of an enterprise should be created by professionals, and cooperation with them can be fruitful only if it is long-term.

The transition of the economy to market relations requires the heads of enterprises not only to develop a market strategy, but also a security strategy, which necessarily includes special programs for the protection of intellectual property and economic security. Accordingly, the role of the unit responsible for carrying out this work at the enterprise, performing the functions of complying with the rules of the security policy and the protection plan, managing protective equipment, monitoring the correct operation of them, identifying attempts and facts of violations and taking measures to neutralize them, also comes to the fore. . The weakening of almost any component of the enterprise infrastructure directly affects its security, so the enterprise management process is closely related to security issues.

Conclusion

In the interests of the stable functioning of the company, entrepreneurs must be engaged in business or in various volumes. The size, capital intensity, technological complexity and publicity of a business determine only the amount of work that entrepreneurs carry out on a business and their budget.

Not caring about the observance of elementary economic measures, the company may be on the verge of bankruptcy, for example, as a result of non-payments: any issued commodity credit may entail the risk of non-payment, if certain measures are not taken to collect the minimum, elementary is not carried out. When participating in a transaction as a buyer or investor, it is necessary to carry out a certain set of procedures, the purpose of which is to verify the reliability of the information provided by the seller or recipient of the means. Carrying out this information and analytical work will reduce the risk of buying a "pig in a poke" and wasting money. suggests that the company should also consider certain measures to reduce losses caused by the actions of inspection structures, for example, within the framework of authorized structures, which can also result in irreparable losses for the entrepreneur. In any case, a timely conducted professional will allow the enterprise to prevent most of the force majeure costs aimed at eliminating the consequences of miscalculations in ensuring business security.

1. Vershigora E.E. Management: a course of lectures. M.: Infa M, 2003

2. Polukarpov V.L. Short course of management M., 2004

3. Polukarpov V.L. Management: analysis and main trends. M., 2007

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