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Biography, life story of Evgeny Onegin
Eugene Onegin - main character novel of the same name in verse .Character prototype
Many critics and writers tried to identify who based the image of Onegin. There were many assumptions - Chaadaev himself... However, the writer assured that Evgeny Onegin is collective image noble youth.
Origin and early years
Evgeny Onegin was born in St. Petersburg. He was the last representative of the noble noble family and heir to all his relatives.
Evgeniy was raised at home and tried to get a comprehensive education, but in the end he received a superficial one. I knew a little Latin, a few facts from world history. However, studying did not attract him as much as "the science of tender passion". Preferred to lead an idle and have a fun life, enjoying every minute. Regularly attended social events, theaters and balls, and also engaged in conquering women's hearts and minds.
Development and disclosure of Onegin's character according to the novel
In the first chapter, Evgeny appears before the reader as a spoiled and narcissistic young man, completely deprived moral principles and the ability to show compassion. When Onegin receives a letter telling him about his uncle’s illness, he reluctantly goes to see him, regretting only that he will have to leave him for a while. social life. In the second chapter, Eugene Onegin becomes the rich heir of his deceased uncle. He is still a merry fellow and a lover of festivities, however, thanks to the scenes of Onegin’s communication with the serfs, he shows the reader that understanding and sympathy are not at all alien to the hero.
The appearance of Vladimir Lensky, Onegin's new neighbor, helps the reader see dark sides Evgenia – envy, rivalry for the sake of rivalry, and not to achieve some goal.
In the third chapter of the novel, the writer begins love line. Evgeny Onegin visits the Larins' house and conquers one of the owner's daughters, Tatyana. Tatiana, in love, writes touching letters to Evgeniy with declarations of love, but receives no answer. In the fourth chapter, Tatyana and Evgeny still meet. Onegin assures Tatyana that if he dreamed of creating strong family, he would certainly take her as his wife, but such a life is not for him. Evgeniy advises Tatiana to come to terms with fate and overcome her feelings. Tatyana is left alone with her painful love.
CONTINUED BELOW
A few years later, Evgeny Onegin again arrives at the Larins’ house. Out of boredom and for fun, he begins to court Olga, Tatyana's sister and the fiancée of his friend Vladimir Lensky. Lensky challenges Onegin to a duel. As a result of the fight, Vladimir is killed. Shocked by the involuntary murder of his, perhaps, only friend and unable to understand himself and his motives, Evgeniy sets off on a journey across Russia.
Three years later, Evgeny Onegin meets Tatyana Larina in St. Petersburg. From an awkward girl, Tatyana turned into beautiful woman, charming and incredibly attractive. Eugene falls madly in love with the one who many years ago could have saved him from himself and from the evil that lives inside him. However, now Tatyana is the wife of a noble general. Evgeniy confesses his love to Tatiana and bombards her with romantic letters. At the end of the novel, Tatyana admits that she also has tender feelings for Evgeniy, but her heart is given to someone else. Evgeny Onegin remains completely alone and confused. At the same time, he gives Onegin a clear understanding that no one is to blame for her current situation and condition except himself. The realization of mistakes comes, but - alas! - too late.
The novel ends with a dialogue between Tatiana and Onegin. But the reader can understand that future life Eugene is unlikely to be radically different from the way he lived throughout the novel. Evgeny Onegin is a contradictory person, he is smart, but at the same time lacks complacency, does not like people, but at the same time suffers without approval. In the first chapter of the novel, Pushkin speaks about his hero like this: “He was sick of hard work.”. It is precisely because of this peculiarity of his that dreams of another life will remain only dreams for Onegin.
The novel “Eugene Onegin” occupies a central place in Pushkin’s work. This is the biggest piece of art, the richest in content, the most popular, which had the strongest influence on the fate of all Russian literature. Pushkin worked on his novel for more than eight years - from the spring of 1823 to the autumn of 1831. The surviving manuscripts of “Eugene Onegin” show what enormous work Pushkin put into his creation, how persistently and carefully, replacing one word with another, one phrase with another many times, he achieved the most accurate and poetic expression of his thoughts and feelings, how he changed He is in the process of working on both the plan for his novel and its individual details.
Pushkin spent whole days without leaving his house, whole nights until dawn in this difficult and joyful work. At the very beginning of his work on “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin wrote to the poet P. A. Vyazemsky: “I am now writing not a novel, but a novel in verse—a devilish difference.” In fact, the poetic form gives Eugene Onegin features that sharply distinguish it from a prose novel. In poetry, the poet does not just tell or describe, he somehow especially excites us with the very form of his speech: rhythm, sounds. The poetic form conveys the poet’s feelings and excitement much more strongly than the prosaic form. Each poetic turn, each metaphor acquires a special brightness and persuasiveness in poetry. In famous lines:
* Persecuted by external rays,
* There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
* Escaped through muddy streams
* To the flooded meadows...
we directly feel the victorious power of spring, which drives winter snow from the mountains, and the snow runs away from it, turning into muddy streams...
All the action of the novel, all the descriptions, all the speeches characters, despite their simplicity, the complete absence of deliberate effects, nevertheless, thanks to the poetic form, they are covered with special poetry and musicality. “Eugene Onegin” is also given a unique character by the constant participation of the poet himself in the novel. Onegin meets with Pushkin in St. Petersburg and Odessa, Tatiana’s letter is kept by Pushkin (“I cherish it sacredly”), he tells us, interrupting the course of events of the novel, episodes of his biography, shares his thoughts, feelings, dreams. In the shape of lyrical digressions Pushkin included many beautiful lyric poems, the poetic expression of his soul -
* Crazy cold observations
* And hearts of sorrowful notes.
Pushkin created special form lyrical novel. The poems in “Eugene Onegin” do not flow in a continuous stream, as in almost all Pushkin’s poems, but are divided into small groups lines - stanzas, fourteen verses (lines) each, with a certain, constantly repeating arrangement of rhymes. Pushkin uses this complex, difficult form, in which the flow of presentation would have to be constantly interrupted. greatest art. She helps him move easily from one topic to another, from a story to a lyrical outpouring or reflection, and when he needs to carry on a continuous story, he does it so masterfully that we do not even notice the transition from one stanza to another.
The plot of "Eugene Onegin" is very simple and well known. Tatyana immediately fell in love with Onegin, and he managed to love her only after the deep shocks that took place in his chilled soul. But, despite the fact that now they love each other, they cannot become happy, they cannot unite their destiny. And it is not some external circumstances that are to blame for this, but their own mistakes, their inability to find the right path in life. Pushkin forces his reader to reflect on the deep reasons for these mistakes. This simple plot is presented by Pushkin according to a very clear, strict compositional scheme. Tatyana's love letter and Onegin's cruel rebuke in the first part of the novel reveal Tatyana's drama. Onegin's letter and Tatiana's response monologue in the second part depict the collapse of Onegin's love hopes. Between these main story episodes- a series of events that were supposed to separate Onegin and Tatiana forever: the murder of Lensky in a duel and Tatiana’s marriage.
For this simple plot outline in “Eugene Onegin” there are many paintings, descriptions, many living people are shown with their different fate, with their feelings and characters. And all this “collection of motley chapters, half funny, half sad, common people, ideal” is filled with the author’s lyrical outpourings, most of them very sad...
During the eight years of work on the novel, Pushkin changed both its content and composition several times. A few words must be said about these changes. “Eugene Onegin” was begun by Pushkin during a turning point in his work, when he was already disillusioned with romanticism, in its “sublime” heroes and plots, but had not yet arrived at a new, realistic task - the knowledge of life itself, its reflection in essential, typical features.
During this turning point (1823-1824), Pushkin wrote many gloomy, angry, irritated poems, such as “The Sower”, “Demon”, “Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet” and others. He decisively departed from his previous ones, so beloved by himself and his readers. romantic heroes and heroines, in whom his own high feelings and thoughts were so poetically and sincerely expressed. But he felt this departure, this disappointment in romanticism very painfully, since he had not yet reached the point of seeing the poetic charm in the description, the depiction of simple life, simple, ordinary people, - out of an old romantic habit, he treated this simple life mockingly, ironically. So he began his novel in 1823, where he wanted to polemically, in a dispute with the sublime romanticism that prevailed at that time, to show ordinary people, ordinary life in all its prosaic nakedness, without any idealization, without any romantic embellishment.
He made the hero of the novel not some mysterious “captive”, or Khan Giray, or the exile Aleko, but a young St. Petersburg dandy, and the heroine was a provincial young lady, not very beautiful, with a rustic, unpoetic name. The whole tone of the story was mocking at first. “I write in my spare time new poem, “Eugene Onegin,” where I choke on bile,” Pushkin told his friends in 1823. In a letter to his brother in 1824, he calls the novel he began his best work. “Don’t trust N. Raevsky, who scolds him,” writes Pushkin, “he expected romanticism from me, found satire and cynicism and did not lose heart.” Publishing the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin” as a separate book in 1825, Pushkin in the preface calls himself, as the author of this work, “ satirical writer" This “satire” was directed against the romantic theory of the “sublime object”, the “sublime hero”.
But as time passed, Pushkin realized the extraordinary importance of a true, accurate, unvarnished image of a simple, everyday life, surrounding us, the importance of knowing, through art, real reality, what it is. Pushkin’s friend Nikolai Raevsky came to Odessa at the end of 1823, and Pushkin read to him the first chapters of “Eugene Onegin”, and continued to write his novel calmly, without “bile” , without polemics, without deliberate, “satirical”, “cynical” protrusion of the most prosaic details of life.
“Eugene Onegin” (1823-1831) is a novel in verse by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, one of the most significant works of Russian literature.
History of creation
Pushkin worked on the novel for over seven years. Pushkin called working on it a feat - of all his creative heritage only “Boris Godunov” he characterized with the same word. Against a broad background of pictures of Russian life, a dramatic fate is shown the best people noble intelligentsia.
Pushkin began work on Onegin in 1823, during his southern exile. The author abandoned romanticism as a leading creative method and started writing realistic novel in verse, although in the first chapters the influence of romanticism is still noticeable. Initially, it was assumed that the novel in verse would consist of 9 chapters, but Pushkin subsequently reworked its structure, leaving only 8 chapters. He excluded the chapter “Onegin’s Travels” from the work, which he included as an appendix. After this, the tenth chapter of the novel was written, which is an encrypted chronicle of the life of the future Decembrists.
The novel was published in verse in separate chapters, and the release of each chapter became a big event in modern literature. In 1831, the novel in verse was completed and published in 1833. It covers events from 1819 to 1825: from the foreign campaigns of the Russian army after the defeat of Napoleon to the Decembrist uprising. These were the years of development of Russian society, the reign of Tsar Alexander I. The plot of the novel is simple and well known. At the center of the novel is a love affair. A main problem is eternal problem feelings and duty. The novel "Eugene Onegin" reflected the events of the first quarter of the XIX century, that is, the time of creation and the time of action of the novel approximately coincide. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created a novel in verse similar to Byron’s poem “Don Juan”. Having defined the novel as “a collection colorful chapters", Pushkin emphasizes one of the features of this work: the novel is, as it were, “open” in time, each chapter could be the last, but it could also have a continuation. And thus the reader draws attention to the independence of each chapter of the novel. The novel has become an encyclopedia of Russian life of the 20s of the century before last, since the breadth of coverage of the novel shows readers the whole reality of Russian life, as well as the multi-plot and description different eras. This is what gave V. G. Belinsky the basis to conclude in his article “Eugene Onegin”:
“Onegin can be called an encyclopedia of Russian life and in highest degree folk work."
In the novel, as in the encyclopedia, you can find out everything about the era: how they dressed, what was in fashion, what people valued most, what they talked about, what interests they lived. “Eugene Onegin” reflects the whole of Russian life. Briefly, but quite clearly, the author showed the fortress village, lordly Moscow, secular Petersburg. Pushkin truthfully depicted the environment in which the main characters of his novel, Tatyana Larina and Evgeny Onegin, live. The author reproduced the atmosphere of the city noble salons in which Onegin spent his youth.
The novel begins with a grumpy speech by the young nobleman Eugene Onegin, dedicated to the illness of his uncle, which forced him to leave St. Petersburg and go to the sick bed in the hope of becoming the heir of the dying man. The narrative itself is told on behalf of the nameless author, who introduced himself as a good friend of Onegin. Having thus outlined the plot, the author devotes the first chapter to a story about the origin, family, and life of his hero before receiving news of a relative’s illness.
Evgeny was born “on the banks of the Neva,” that is, in St. Petersburg, in the family of a typical nobleman of his time -
“Having served excellently and nobly, his father lived in debt. He gave three balls every year and finally squandered it.” The son of such a father received a typical upbringing - first by the governess Madame, then by a French tutor who did not bother his pupil with an abundance of science. Here Pushkin emphasizes that Evgeniy’s upbringing from childhood was carried out by people who were strangers to him, and foreigners at that.
Onegin's life in St. Petersburg was full love affairs and secular amusements, but now he faces boredom in the village. Upon arrival, it turns out that his uncle died, and Eugene became his heir. Onegin settles in the village, and soon the blues really take hold of him.
Onegin’s neighbor turns out to be eighteen-year-old Vladimir Lensky, a romantic poet, who came from Germany. Lensky and Onegin converge. Lensky is in love with Olga Larina, the daughter of a landowner. Forever cheerful Olga her thoughtful sister Tatyana is not like that. Having met Onegin, Tatyana falls in love with him and writes him a letter. However, Onegin rejects her: he is not looking for a calm family life. Lensky and Onegin are invited to the Larins. Onegin is not happy about this invitation, but Lensky persuades him to go.
Roman A.S. Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin” is a very powerful poetic work that tells about love, character, selfishness and, in general, about Russia and the life of its people. It was created for almost 7.5 years (from May 9, 1823 to September 25, 1830), becoming a real feat for the poet literary creativity. Before him, only Byron dared to write a novel in verse.
First chapter
The work began during Pushkin's stay in Chisinau. For her, the poet even came up with his own special style, later called the “Onegin stanza”: the first 4 lines rhyme crosswise, the next 3 - in pairs, from 9 to 12 - through a ring rhyme, the last 2 are consonant with each other. The first chapter was completed in Odessa, 5 months after it began.
After writing, the original text was revised several times by the poet. Pushkin added new and removed old stanzas from an already completed chapter. It was published in February 1825.
Chapter two
The initial 17 stanzas of the second chapter were created by November 3, 1923, and the last ones by December 8, 1923. At this time, Pushkin was still serving under Count Vorontsov. In 1824, already in exile in Mikhailovsky, he carefully revised and completed it. IN printed form the work was published in October 1826, and was published in May 1830. Interestingly, the same month was marked by another event for the poet - the long-awaited engagement to Natalya Goncharova.
Chapters three and four
Pushkin wrote the next two chapters from February 8, 1824 to January 6, 1825. The work, especially towards completion, was carried out intermittently. The reason is simple - the poet was writing “Boris Godunov” at that time, as well as several rather famous poems. The third chapter was published in printed form in 1827, and the fourth, dedicated to the poet P. Pletnev (a friend of Pushkin), was published in 1828, already in a revised form.
Chapters five, six and seven
The subsequent chapters were written in about 2 years - from January 4, 1826 to November 4, 1828. They appeared in printed form: part 5 - January 31, 1828, March 6 - 22, 1828, March 7 - 18, 1830 (in the form of a separate book).
Interesting facts are connected with the fifth chapter of the novel: Pushkin first lost it at cards, then won it back, and then completely lost the manuscript. Only saved the situation phenomenal memory younger brother: Lev had already read the chapter and was able to reconstruct it from memory.
Chapter Eight
Pushkin began working on this part at the end of 1829 (December 24), during his trip along the Georgian Military Road. The poet finished it on September 25, 1830, already in Boldin. About a year later, in Tsarskoe Selo, he writes love letter Evgenia Onegin to Tatiana, who got married. On January 20, 1832, the chapter was published in printed form. On title page it means that it is the last, the work is completed.
Chapter about Evgeny Onegin's trip to the Caucasus
This part has come to us in the form of small excerpts published in the Moskovsky Vestnik (in 1827) and the Literary Gazette (in 1830). According to the opinions of Pushkin’s contemporaries, the poet wanted to tell in it about Eugene Onegin’s trip to the Caucasus and his death there during a duel. But, for unknown reasons, he never completed this chapter.
The novel "Eugene Onegin" in its in full force was published in one book in 1833. The reprint was carried out in 1837. Although the novel received edits, they were very minor. Today the novel by A.S. Pushkin is studied at school and at philological faculties. It is positioned as one of the first works in which the author managed to reveal all the pressing problems of his time.
“Eugene Onegin” The history of the creation of the novel.
The presentation was prepared by literature teacher MAOU PSOSH No. 2 Kolesnik E.I.
"Eugene Onegin"(pre-ref. "Eugene Onegin") - novel in verse Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, written in 1823-1831, is one of the most significant works of Russian literature.
History of creation
Pushkin worked on this novel for over seven years. The novel was, according to the poet, “the fruit of a mind of cold observations and a heart of sorrowful observations.” Pushkin called working on it a feat - of all his creative heritage, only “ Boris Godunov“he characterized it with the same word. The work, against a broad background of pictures of Russian life, shows the dramatic fate of the best people of the noble intelligentsia.
Pushkin began work on Onegin in May 1823 V Chisinau, during his exile. The author refused romanticism as the leading creative method and began to write a realistic novel in verse, although in the first chapters the influence of romanticism is still noticeable. Initially, it was assumed that the novel in verse would consist of 9 chapters, but Pushkin subsequently reworked its structure, leaving only 8 chapters. He excluded the chapter “Onegin’s Travels” from the main text of the work, leaving it as an appendix. One chapter also had to be completely removed from the novel: it describes how Onegin sees military settlements near Odessa pier, and then there are comments and judgments, in some places in an overly harsh tone. It was too dangerous to leave this chapter - Pushkin could have been arrested for revolutionary views, so he destroyed it [
It covers events from 1819 By 1825: from the foreign campaigns of the Russian army after the defeat Napoleon before Decembrist uprising. These were the years of development of Russian society, the time of the reign Alexandra I. The plot of the novel is simple and well known, in the center of it - love story. In general, the novel “Eugene Onegin” reflected the events of the first quarter 19th century, that is, the time of creation and the time of action of the novel approximately coincide.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created a novel in verse similar to Lord Byron's poem "Don Juan". Having defined the novel as “a collection of motley chapters,” Pushkin highlights one of the features of this work: the novel is, as it were, “open” in time (each chapter could be the last, but could also have a continuation), thereby drawing the readers’ attention to the independence and integrity of each chapters. The novel has truly become an encyclopedia of Russian life in the 1820s, since the breadth of topics covered in it, the detail of everyday life, the multiplot of the composition, the depth of description of the characters’ characters still reliably demonstrate to readers the features of life of that era.
This is what gave V. G. Belinsky the basis to conclude in his article “Eugene Onegin”:
“Onegin can be called an encyclopedia of Russian life and a highly folk work.”
Strophic
The novel was written by a special " Oneginskaya stanza" Each stanza consists of 14 lines iambic tetrameter .
First four lines rhyme cross, lines five through eight are paired, lines nine through twelfth are connected by a ring rhyme. The remaining 2 lines of the stanza rhyme with each other.
From the novel, as from the encyclopedia, you can learn everything about the era: how they dressed, what was in fashion, what people valued most, what they talked about, what interests they lived. “Eugene Onegin” reflects the whole of Russian life. Briefly, but quite clearly, the author showed a fortress village, a lordly Moscow, secular Saint Petersburg. Pushkin truthfully depicted the environment in which the main characters of his novel, Tatyana Larina and Evgeny Onegin, live. The author reproduced the atmosphere of the city noble salons in which Onegin spent his youth
- Onegin and Tatiana. Episodes:
- Meeting Tatyana, Tatyana's conversation with the nanny, Tatyana's letter to Onegin, Explanation in the garden, Tatyana's dream. Name day, Visit to Onegin's house, Departure for Moscow, Meeting at a ball in St. Petersburg after 3 years, Onegin's letter to Tatiana (explanation), Evening at Tatiana's.
- Meet Tatyana
- Tatyana's conversation with the nanny,
- Tatiana's letter to Onegin,
- Explanation in the garden
- Tatiana's dream. Name day,
- Visit to Onegin's house,
- Departure for Moscow,
- Meeting at a ball in St. Petersburg after 3 years,
- Onegin's letter to Tatyana (explanation),
- Evening at Tatiana's.
- Onegin and Lensky. Episodes: Acquaintance in the village, Conversation after the evening at the Larins', Lensky's visit to Onegin, Tatyana's name day, Duel (Lensky dies).
- Dating in the village
- Conversation after the evening at the Larins',
- Lensky's visit to Onegin,
- Tatiana's name day,
- Duel (Lensky dies).
The novel begins with the lamentations of the young nobleman Eugene Onegin about the illness of his uncle, which forced Eugene to leave St. Petersburg and go to the sick bed to say goodbye to him. Having thus outlined the plot, the author devotes the first chapter to a story about the origin, family, and life of his hero before receiving news of a relative’s illness. The narration is told on behalf of the nameless author, who introduced himself as a good friend of Onegin.
Evgeny was born “on the banks of the Neva,” that is, in St. Petersburg, into a not very successful noble family:
“Having served excellently and nobly, his father lived in debt, gave three balls annually, and finally squandered himself.”
Onegin received an appropriate upbringing - first, with a governess Madame (not to be confused with a nanny), then with a French tutor, who did not bother his pupil with an abundance of activities. Pushkin emphasizes that Evgeny’s education and upbringing were typical for a person from his environment (a nobleman who was taught by foreign teachers from childhood).
Eugene Onegin. One of his possible prototypes - Chaadaev, named by Pushkin himself in the first chapter. The story of Onegin is reminiscent of the life of Chaadaev. Lord Byron and his “Byronian Heroes” had an important influence on the image of Onegin. Don Juan and Child Harold, who are also mentioned more than once by Pushkin himself. “In the image of Onegin one can find dozens of connections with various contemporaries of the poet - from empty social acquaintances to such significant persons for Pushkin as Chaadaev or Alexander Raevsky. The same should be said about Tatyana.” (Yu. M. Lotman. Comments on “Eugene Onegin”) At the beginning of the novel he is 18 years old [ source? ], at the end - 26 years.
Tatyana Larina
Olga Larina, her sister is a generalized image of a typical heroine of popular novels; beautiful in appearance, but lacking deep content. One year younger than Tatiana.
Vladimir Lensky- “energetic rapprochement between Lensky and Kuchelbecker, produced by Yu. N. Tynyanov (Pushkin and his contemporaries. pp. 233-294), best convinces that attempts to give the romantic poet in the EO some single and unambiguous prototype do not lead to convincing results.” (Yu. M. Lotman. Comments on “Eugene Onegin”).
Tatiana's nanny- probable prototype - Arina Rodionovna, Pushkin's nanny
