Description of Eugene Onegin. Questions and tasks

“Superfluous” is usually called a person who does not know what he wants from life, he is disappointed in society and is critical of everything around him. Became such a person Eugene Onegin. He received home education, which Pushkin himself calls "superficial", believing that such an education does not really teach anything. Onegin's character and talent did their job, and in the capital's society he is perceived as an intelligent and sweet person.

Eugene, along with other nobles, attended balls, theaters and restaurants, but later such an idle life bored him. He also had nothing to do with work, believing that this occupation was not for him. Onegin's life became meaningless, and he decided to retire in order to do something. However, he was unable to write or read anything. Onegin is an egoist, therefore, thinking only about himself, he suffers and considers himself the most unfortunate and restless person.

When the hero's uncle fell ill, he had to go to the provinces, where he immersed himself in society. local nobility. There he did not want to communicate with the neighbors, believing that there was nothing to talk about with them. He also refused Tatyana's love, referring to the fact that he was not intended for family life. As a result, Eugene was left alone, and when he met Tatyana a few years later, he realized that he had missed his happiness. He lived an empty life, leaving nothing behind and never found happiness and the meaning of life.

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" next to the main character, the author depicts other characters that help to better understand the character of Eugene Onegin. Among these heroes, first of all, Vladimir Lensky should be mentioned.

According to Pushkin himself, these two people are absolutely opposite: "ice and fire", - this is how the author writes about them. Nevertheless, they become inseparable friends, although Pushkin notes that they become such from "there is nothing to do."

Let's try to compare Onegin and Lensky. Are they so different from each other?

Why did they "get together"? Comparison of heroes is better presented in the form of a table:

Friendship

With all the differences in characters, temperaments and psychological type between Onegin and Lensky one cannot fail to notice a number of similarities:

They are opposed to the nobility, both in the city and in the countryside;

They strive to find the meaning of life, not limited to the "joys" of the circle of secular youth;

Broad mental interests - and history, and philosophy and moral questions and reading literary works.

Duel

The duel becomes a special tragic page in the relationship between Onegin and Lensky. Both heroes are well aware of the senselessness and futility of this fight, but neither of them could overcome the convention - public opinion. It was the fear of judgment from others that made the two friends stand at the barrier and point the muzzle of a pistol at the chest of their recent friend.

Onegin becomes a murderer, although according to the rules he does not commit murder, but only defends his honor. And Lensky goes to a duel in order to punish the universal evil, which at that moment, in his opinion, was concentrated in Onegin.

After the duel, Onegin leaves, he sets off to travel around Russia. He is no longer able to remain in that society, the laws of which force him to commit acts contrary to his conscience. It can be assumed that it was this duel that became the starting point from which serious changes in Onegin's character begin.

Tatyana Larina

The novel is named after Eugene Onegin, but in the text of the novel there is another heroine who can be fully called the main one - this is Tatyana. This is Pushkin's favorite heroine. The author does not hide his sympathy: “forgive me ... I love my dear Tatyana so much ...”, and, on the contrary, at every opportunity emphasizes his disposition towards the heroine.

Eugene Onegin - type " extra person»

The novel "Eugene Onegin", written by A. S. Pushkin in 1823 - 1831, became truly the first truly realistic work. In it, the author faithfully depicted contemporary reality, recreated in the image of Eugene Onegin typical image young man 20s of the XIX century.

This is a representative of freedom-loving youth, but at the same time bored, disappointed and dissatisfied. Onegin lives according to the principles of the surrounding society, but at the same time he is far from it in terms of his interests and moral character, he turns out to be "an extra person." Eugene Onegin opens up a whole "gallery of superfluous people" in Russian literature.

Let's try to explain the reasons why Onegin was outside the life around him. He received a typical education for his time, he was brought up by the French:

At first Madame followed him.
Then Monsieur replaced her...

The education Onegin received at home was very superficial. He learned "a little bit of something and somehow". As a result

He's completely French
Could speak and write;
Easily danced the mazurka
And pissing at ease...

This turned out to be quite enough for "the world to decide that he is smart and very nice." According to his social position, Onegin belonged to high society and led a typical lifestyle for this circle: he attended theaters, balls, receptions. The author describes in detail the schedule for " young rake”, but then it turns out that Onegin had long been tired of this way of life, “he was tired of the noise of light”, he “has completely cooled to life.” The author tries to find the reasons for Onegin's "Russian melancholy".

Eugene Onegin lives in a secular society, follows its laws, but at the same time he is a stranger to him. The reason for this lies not in society, but in itself. Onegin lives without a goal in life, he has nothing to strive for, he languishes in inaction. Tired of the bright vain life of the world, “Onegin locked himself at home,” he tries to join in some kind of activity:

I wanted to write - but hard work
He was sick; Nothing
It didn't come out of his pen...

Onegin begins to read, but soon he “pulled up the mourning taffeta” on the shelf with books. Onegin does not find a place for himself in life. He leaves St. Petersburg and goes to the countryside in the hope of finding himself, but even here, only for two days, secluded places seemed new to him. And soon he "saw clearly that in the village the boredom is the same." And here he turns out to be "an extra person." Onegin is also alien to provincial society, first of all, in his own way. social position and upbringing.

Here, Eugene has to go through two most serious tests: friendship and love, but he does not withstand them. Onegin kills his friend Lensky in a duel, and in his relationship with Tatiana, such a trait of his character as selfishness is manifested. Onegin could have prevented the death of a friend, it was in his will to prevent a duel, but he did not do this, afraid of "public opinion". As V. G. Belinsky accurately noted, Onegin is a “suffering egoist”, “an unwilling egoist”. This means that Eugene was a man with good inclinations, but he was spoiled by secular education and -public environment to which he belonged.

In relations with Tatyana, this negative trait of his character also manifested itself. After reading a letter from a young girl in which she confesses her love to him, Onegin responds with coldness and rebukes her. There can be two explanations for this: on the one hand, Onegin did not want to lose his freedom by marrying Tatyana, and on the other, he saw in her a provincial girl, unequal to him in social status. The latter is also confirmed by the fact that, having met Tatyana for the second time already as a secular lady who has become a “trendsetter”, Onegin ardently flirts with an inaccessible princess, but now he has to listen to a refusal. Onegin again experiences disappointment, he again turns out to be "an unnecessary, superfluous person."

The image of Eugene Onegin is very controversial. Negative Traits his character - individualism, selfishness, coldness, practical inactivity - are combined in him with positive ones, such as "straight nobility of the soul." In it we see signs of progressiveness and enlightenment. The image of Eugene Onegin is typical of the era described in the novel, but at the same time he stands out from the environment to which he belongs. First of all, he is distinguished by a “sharp, chilled mind”, a penchant for “biting dispute” and “joke with bile in half”. He is far from the secular and provincial nobility, which he surpasses in his intelligence, but he cannot be attributed to the progressive youth, since he does not have an ideal in life to which one could strive.

Thus, Eugene Onegin becomes "an extra person." Belonging to the light, he despises it. Onegin does not find his true purpose and place in life, he is burdened by his loneliness. In the words of Herzen, "Onegin ... is an extra person in the environment where he is, not possessing the necessary strength of character to escape from it."

The character of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" became the subject of scientific disputes and research immediately after the publication of the work. To this day, Pushkinists cannot come to unambiguous conclusions. Who was Eugene - lonely lost soul, an extra person or a carefree one who is a prisoner of his own idle thoughts. His actions are contradictory, his thoughts are covered with a haze of "world sorrow". Who is he?

Hero Prototype

In the novel "Eugene Onegin", a summary of which is provided against the backdrop of the development of the image of the hero, is the property of many literary critics and Pushkinists. We will show you the development of the character of the hero against the backdrop of the events of the novel.

Pushkin was not only a brilliant poet, but also a subtle psychologist. His the only novel, writing, editing, the writer devoted seven years. This work marked Pushkin's transition from romanticism to realism. The novel in verse was planned to be a completely realistic work, but the influence of romanticism is still very strong and tangible, which is not surprising, given that the idea of ​​​​it arose after reading Byron's Don Juan.

The character of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is the result of creative pursuits poet. It cannot be said that main character had its clear prototype. The role of the prototype was predicted by Chaadaev and Griboedov, Pushkin himself and his opponent Pyotr Katenin, with whom the poet exchanged veiled barbs in his works. However, Pushkin himself repeatedly said that Eugene is collective image noble youth.

What was the character of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin"?

In the first lines of the novel, we see a spoiled non-poor noble life young man. He is handsome and not deprived of the attention of women. Therefore, the reader is not at all surprised by the main key line of Tatyana's love for Onegin, and then unrequited love Onegin to Tatyana.

Throughout the novel, the character of the hero undergoes major changes, which we will discuss in the following sections of the article. At first glance, one gets the impression that he is inaccessible strong feelings, he is so fed up with the attention of the fair sex that he considers himself entitled to give advice. "How less woman we love, the more she likes us,” became an aphorism. But in the novel, Onegin himself falls into his own trap.

Onegin's characterization in the novel "Eugene Onegin" in chapter 1

The work was called "an encyclopedia of Russian life." It describes in great detail the balls and dresses of ladies and gentlemen, dishes and tableware, interiors and architecture of buildings. But most of all, the author's attention is directed to the atmosphere in which the poet himself lived, and in which his characters live.

The first chapter of the novel is dedicated to Eugene. On behalf of the narrator, we learn that the hero is saddened by a letter about his uncle's illness. He is forced to go to him, but Onegin has no desire to do this. Here we see the hero somewhat indifferent. Having learned about the illness and imminent death of a relative, he would grieve and sympathize, but Eugene cares only for his own comfort, unwillingness to leave secular life.

Image of Onegin

The characterization of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is quite deep. It begins with a description of the origin of the character, from which we learn that he is a nobleman, born in St. Petersburg. His father at balls and gambling debts "finally squandered."

Evgeny was brought up by hired teachers - tutors, who did not care at all about the fruit of their studies. The author says that in his time almost all noble children received such an upbringing.

Not vaccinated on time moral principles did their job: young Onegin became a kidnapper female hearts. The attention of the ladies disgusted him, pushing him to "love exploits." Soon this way of life led him to satiety and boredom, frustration and blues.

Characterization of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin", short description which we see in the first chapter, is gaining momentum with the development of the plot. The author does not justify the actions of his hero, but the realistic border of the novel shows us that he simply cannot be different. The environment in which he grew up could not bear other fruits.

Development of the characteristics of Eugene

The characterization of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" chapter by chapter shows us completely opposite sides of the character's personality. In the first chapter we have before us a young masterful rake, balls and the conquest of beautiful girls, outfits and personal care are his main concerns.

In the second chapter, Eugene - young heir deceased uncle. He is still the same eccentric rake, but his behavior with the serfs tells the reader that he is capable of sympathy and understanding. Onegin saves the peasants from an unbearable tax, which causes discontent among his neighbors. However, he simply ignores them. For this, he is known as an eccentric and "ignoramus", his image is overgrown with rumors and speculation.

Friendship with Lensky

A new neighbor settles next to Evgeny - Vladimir Lensky. He had just arrived from Germany, where the world of romanticism and poetry had captivated and fascinated him. At first the heroes do not find mutual language, they are very different. But soon a friendship develops between them.

The young poet Lensky temporarily relieves Eugene from the insane boredom that overcomes him here as well. He is interested in the poet, but in many ways he does not understand his romantic impulses.

The characterization of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" thanks to the image of Lensky quickly introduces the reader to the dark shades of the hero's soul. The spirit of rivalry and superiority throws Onegin on In the fifth chapter, a feast is organized at the Larins on the occasion of Tatyana's birthday. Frustrated with boredom and din, Eugene begins to flirt with Olga, Lensky's fiancee. He does this to anger Vladimir, and does not expect a challenge to a duel from him. In this duel, he kills a friend and leaves the village. Whether he grieves for a friend who died at his hands, the poet does not say.

Eugene and Tatiana

In the third chapter of the novel, Evgeny appears in the Larins' house. Tatyana falls into the power partly of her girlish dreams, partly - the charm of the hero. She puts her feelings into a letter. But there is no answer to it. At the beginning of the fourth chapter, the characters meet, and Onegin coldly tells Tatyana that if he wanted a quiet family life, he would not need anyone but Tatyana. However, now the family is not included in his plans, and marriage will bring both only disappointment and pain. He takes on the role of a noble mentor and advises the girl to be careful with her impulses, because "not everyone will understand you, as I understand."

The characterization of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin", a summary of which we are telling, is inseparable from the image of the protagonist. It opens up thanks to love line. Tatyana is inconsolable in her non-reciprocal love, Evgeny's coldness wounds her to the very heart, deprives her of sleep and peace, plunges her into half-nightmarish, half-prophetic dreams.

Second meeting with Tatyana

When Eugene meets a girl who was once in love with him in St. Petersburg, this becomes the culmination of the novel.

The character of Onegin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" undergoes completely unexpected changes. The hero falls in love for the first time in his life. And so much so that he is ready for any folly, just to win the girl that he once pushed away.

He writes a letter to her, where he confesses his feelings, but does not receive an answer to it.

The answer later will be a conversation with Tatyana, where she admits that she also loves him, but loyalty to her husband, honor and responsibility do not allow her to reciprocate his feelings. The novel ends at this dialogue, the poet leaves Yevgeny to reap the fruits of his madness in Tatyana's bedroom.

With all the breadth of the subject matter, "Eugene Onegin" is primarily a novel about the mental life and quests of the Russian noble intelligentsia of the 20s of the 19th century, before the Decembrist uprising of 1825. Its main theme is an advanced personality in its relationship to the noble society and people. ( This material will help to correctly write on the topic The image and character of Onegin in the novel Eugene Onegin. Summary does not make it clear the whole meaning of the work, so this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, short stories, stories, plays, poems.) Pushkin reveals this theme in the images of representatives of the progressive noble intelligentsia - Onegin, Lensky and Tatyana.

By naming his novel after one of the characters, Pushkin emphasized the central position among them (and throughout the novel) of Eugene Onegin.

Onegin is a "secular St. Petersburg young man", a metropolitan aristocrat.

Drawing the image of his hero, Pushkin speaks in detail about his upbringing and education, about life in the St. Petersburg "light". “Having fun and luxury as a child,” Onegin received a home education and upbringing, typical of the aristocratic youth of that time, under the guidance of a French tutor. He was brought up in the spirit of an aristocratic culture, divorced from national and popular soil.

The corrupting influence of the "light" further removed Onegin from the people. Onegin leads a life typical of the “golden youth” of that time: balls, restaurants, walks along Nevsky Prospekt, visits to theaters. It took him eight years.

But Onegin, by his nature, stands out from the general mass of aristocratic youth. Pushkin notes his “involuntary devotion to dreams, inimitable strangeness and a sharp, chilled mind”, a sense of honor, nobility of soul. This could not but lead Onegin to disappointment in the life and interests of secular society, to dissatisfaction with the political and social situation that developed in Russia after Patriotic War 1812, during the years of increased reaction, during the years of domination of the Arakcheevshchina. Spleen and boredom took possession of Onegin. After leaving secular society, he tries to engage in some useful activity. Nothing came of the attempt to write: he did not have a vocation (“yawning, took up the pen”) and the habit of work, his lordly upbringing had an effect (“hard work was sickening to him”). An attempt to combat the "spiritual emptiness" through reading was also unsuccessful. The books he read either did not satisfy him or turned out to be consonant with his thoughts and feelings and only strengthened them.

Onegin is trying to arrange the life of the peasants on the estate, which he inherited from his uncle:

With a yarem, he replaced the corvée with an old quitrent with a light one. . .

But all his activities as a landowner-owner were limited to this reform. Former moods, although somewhat softened by life in the bosom of nature, continue to own him.

Onegin's extraordinary mind, his freedom-loving mood and critical attitude to reality put him high above the crowd of the nobility, especially among the local nobility, and doomed him, in the absence of social activities, to complete solitude.

Breaking with secular society, in which he did not find either high interests or real feelings, but only a parody of them, and being cut off from the life of the people, Onegin loses touch with people.

Onegin could not be saved from "spiritual emptiness" and the strongest feelings that unite man with man: love and friendship. He rejected Tatyana's love, because he valued “and peace” above all, failed to unravel the whole depth of her nature and her feelings for him. He killed his friend Lensky because he could not rise above public opinion of the local nobility, which he internally despised. Class prejudices prevailed in the hesitation that he experienced after receiving a challenge to a duel. He was frightened of the "whispers, laughter of fools," the gossip of the Zaretskys.

In a depressed state of mind, Onegin left the village. He "began wandering," but this did not dispel him.

Returning to Petersburg, he met Tatyana married woman, the wife of his relative and friend. Love for her flared up in him, but Tatyana guessed the selfishness that lay at the basis of his feelings for her: again he did not understand the depth of her requests.

The novel ends with the scene of Onegin's meeting with Tatyana.

ABOUT future fate Onegin does not say anything. However, Pushkin thought to continue the novel. In the autumn of 1830, he wrote the tenth chapter, in which he was going to tell about the emergence of the first secret societies Decembrists. But due to censorship conditions, he could not print it; moreover, it was dangerous to keep it at home. And Pushkin burned what was written that same autumn. In the poet's papers, only a few scattered pieces of the initial stanzas of the chapter have been preserved.

How did Pushkin think to unfold the action in Chapter X? Would he have brought Onegin into the society of the Decembrists? There is evidence from one of Pushkin's acquaintances that, according to the poet, "Onegin should have either died in the Caucasus, or become one of the Decembrists." But how accurate this evidence is is unknown.

In the face of Onegin, Pushkin was the first writer to portray the type of enlightened nobleman that developed in Russia in the 1920s. XIX years century and was widely known in the years following the defeat of the Decembrists. Onegin - typical representative this enlightened part of the noble intelligentsia, which was critical of the way of life noble society and to government policy. This noble intelligentsia avoided serving tsarism, not wanting to join the ranks of the Molchalins, but they also stood aside from social and political activities. And such a path, although it was a kind of protest against the socio-political system, inevitably doomed to inaction, to retreat from the people, to being locked into a narrow circle of selfish interests. This naturally led such people to "spiritual emptiness", deprived them of their lives. high purpose, positive program. Belinsky said beautifully about Onegin and thus about people of this type: “The inactivity and vulgarity of life choke him, he doesn’t even know what he needs, what he wants, but he ... knows very well that he doesn’t need, that he I don’t want what the conceited mediocrity is so satisfied with, so happy.”

The absence of a positive program dooms Onegin to inaction. Herzen rightly said about him:

“... The young man does not meet any lively interest in this world of servility and petty ambition. And yet in this society he is condemned to live, since the people are even more distant from him ... there is nothing in common between him and the people ... "

The image of Onegin has a great generalizing power. “The fact is that we are all more or less Onegins, since we do not prefer to be officials or landowners,” said Herzen. The typicalness of Onegin was so strong that from that time on, according to Herzen, “every novel, every poem had its own Onegin, that is, a man condemned to idleness, useless, led astray, a stranger in his family, a stranger in his country, unwilling to do evil and powerless to do good, doing nothing in the end, although he undertakes everything, except, however, two things: firstly, he never takes the side of the government, and, secondly, he never knows how to take the side of the people.”

On the image of Onegin, Pushkin showed the path that a part of the noble intelligentsia of his time followed - searching in isolation from society and from the people. Pushkin severely condemned this path of the individualist hero, which makes him socially useless, a "superfluous" person.

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