Love and relationships with women great place in the life of Pablo Picasso. Undoubtedly, seven women had an undoubted influence on the life and work of the master. But he did not bring happiness to any of them. He not only “crippled” them on canvases, but also brought them to depression, mental hospitals, and suicide.
Every time I change women, I have to burn the last one. This is how I get rid of them. This may be what makes me look younger.
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso Born October 25, 1881 in Malaga, southern Spain, in the family of the artist Jose Ruiz. In 1895 the family moved to Barcelona, where the young Pablo without difficulty he was enrolled in the art school of La Longha and, through the efforts of his father, acquired his own workshop. But big ship- a great voyage, and already in 1897 Picasso goes to Madrid to study at the Royal Academy of San Fernando, which, however, disappointed him from the very first steps (he visited the museum much more often than lectures). And already at this time quite a child Pablo cured of a "bad disease".
Pablo Picasso and Fernanda Olivier
In 1900, running away from sad thoughts after the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas, Pablo Picasso ends up in Paris, where, together with other poor artists, he rents rooms in dilapidated house not Place Ravignan. There Picasso meets Fernanda Olivier, or "Fairnanda the Beautiful". This young woman with a dark past (ran away from home with a sculptor who later went crazy) and a shaky present (posed for artists) became a lover and muse for several years Picasso. With her appearance in the life of the master, the so-called "blue period" (gloomy paintings in blue-green tones) ends and the "pink" begins, with motifs of admiring the naked nature, warm coloring.
The appeal to cubism brings Pablo Picasso success even overseas, and in 1910 he and Fernanda moved into a spacious apartment, spending the summer in a villa in the Pyrenees. But their romance was coming to an end. Picasso met another woman - Marcel Humbert, whom he called Eve. With Fernanda Picasso parted amicably, without mutual insults and curses, since Fernanda at that time was already the mistress of the Polish painter Louis Marcoussis.
Photo: Fernanda Olivier and work Pablo Picasso, where she is depicted "Reclining Nude" (1906)
Pablo Picasso and Marcel Humbert (Eve)
Little is known about Marcel Humbert, as she died early from tuberculosis. But its impact on creativity Pablo Picasso undeniably. She is depicted on the canvas “My Beauty” (1911), a series of works “I love Eve” is dedicated to her, where one cannot fail to notice the fragility, almost transparent beauty of this woman.
During the relationship with Eva Picasso painted textured, juicy canvases. But this did not last long. Eva died in 1915. Picasso could not live in the apartment where he lived with her, and moved to a small house on the outskirts of Paris. For some time he lived a solitary, reclusive life.
Photo: Marcel Humbert (Eve) and work Pablo Picasso, which depicts her - "Woman in a shirt, lying in an armchair" (1913)
Pablo Picasso and Olga Khokhlova
Some time after Eve's death, Picasso a close friendship is established with the writer and artist Jean Cocteau. It is he who invites Pablo take part in the creation of scenery for the ballet "Parade". So, in 1917, the troupe, together with Picasso go to Rome, and this work brings the artist back to life. Right there, in Rome, Pablo Picasso meets the ballerina, colonel's daughter Olga Khokhlova (Picasso called her "Koklova"). She was not an outstanding ballerina, she lacked "high burning" and she performed mainly in the corps de ballet.
She was already 27 years old, the end of her career was just around the corner, and she quite easily agreed to leave the stage for the sake of marriage with Picasso. In 1918 they got married. Russian ballerina makes life Picasso more bourgeois, trying to turn him into an expensive salon artist and an exemplary family man. She did not understand and did not recognize. And since painting Picasso has always been associated "with the muse in the flesh" that he had on this moment, he was forced to move away from the cubist style.
In 1921, the couple had a son, Paolo (Paul). The elements of fatherhood temporarily overwhelmed the 40-year-old Picasso, and he endlessly drew his wife and son. However, the birth of a son could no longer seal the union of Picasso and Khokhlova, they were increasingly moving away from each other. They divided the house into two halves: Olga was forbidden to visit her husband's workshop, but he did not visit her bedrooms. Being an exceptionally decent woman, Olga had a chance to become a good mother of a family and make some respectable bourgeois happy, but with Picasso she didn't make it. She spent the rest of her life alone, suffering from depression, tormented by jealousy and anger, but remained a lawful wife. Picasso until his death from cancer in 1955.
Photo: Olga Khokhlova and work Pablo Picasso, where she is depicted "Portrait of a woman with an ermine collar" (1923)
Pablo Picasso and Marie-Therese Walter
In January 1927 Picasso met 17-year-old Marie-Therese Walter. The girl did not refuse the offer to work as a model for him, although about the artist Pablo Picasso never heard. Three days after they met, she had already become his mistress. Picasso rented an apartment for her not far from his own house.
Picasso did not advertise his relationship with the minor Marie-Therese, but his canvases betrayed him. The most famous work this period - "Nude, green leaves and bust" - went down in history as the first canvas sold for more than $100 million.
In 1935, Marie-Thérèse gave birth to a daughter, Maya. Picasso tried to get a divorce from his wife in order to marry Marie-Therese, but this attempt was unsuccessful. Marie-Thérèse's relationship Picasso lasted much longer than their love affair lasted. Even after the breakup, Picasso continued to support her and their daughter with money, and Marie-Thérèse hoped that he, the love of her life, would eventually marry her. This did not happen. A few years after the death of the artist, Marie-Thérèse hanged herself in the garage of her house.
Photo: Marie-Therese Walter and work Pablo Picasso, on which she is depicted, - "Nude, green leaves and a bust" (1932)
Pablo Picasso and Dora Maar
1936 was marked for Picasso meeting a new woman - a representative of Parisian bohemia, photographer Dora Maar. It happened in a cafe where a girl in black gloves was playing dangerous game- tapped the edge of the knife between her spread fingers. She got hurt Pablo asked for her bloodied gloves and kept them for life. So, this sadomasochistic relationship began with blood and pain.
Subsequently Picasso said that he remembered Dora as "a crying woman." He found that tears suit her extremely, make her face especially expressive. At times, the artist showed phenomenal insensitivity towards her. So, one day, Dora came in tears to Picasso talk about your mother's death. Without letting her finish, he seated her in front of him and began to paint a picture of her.
During the relationship between Dora and Picasso the Nazis bombed the city of Guernica - cultural capital Basque country. In 1937, a monumental (3x8 meters) canvas was born - the famous "" denouncing Nazism. Experienced photographer Dora captured the various stages of work Picasso above the picture. And this is in addition to the many photographic portraits of the master.
In the early 1940s, Dora's "fine mental organization" develops into neurasthenia. In 1945, fearing nervous breakdown or suicide Pablo sends Dora to a psychiatric hospital.
Photo: Dora Maar and work Pablo Picasso on which she is depicted, - " crying woman» (1937)
Pablo Picasso and Francoise Gilot
Early 1940s Pablo Picasso met the artist Francoise Gilot. Unlike other women, she managed to "hold the defense" for three whole years, followed by a 10-year romance, two common children (Claude and Paloma) and a life full of simple joys on the coast.
But Picasso could not offer Francoise anything more than the role of mistress, mother of his children and model. Francoise wanted more - self-realization in painting. In 1953, she took the children and left for Paris. Soon she published the book "My life with Picasso", on which the film" Live life with Picasso". Thus, Françoise Gilot became the first and the only woman, which Picasso not crushed, not burned.
Photo: Françoise Gilot and work Pablo Picasso, on which she is depicted - "Flower Woman" (1946)
Pablo Picasso and Jacqueline Roque
After the departure of Françoise, the 70-year-old Picasso a new and last lover and muse appeared - Jacqueline Rock. They got married only in 1961. Picasso was 80 years old, Jacqueline - 34. They lived more than secluded - in the French village of Mougins. There is an opinion that it was Jacqueline who did not like visitors. Even children were not always allowed on the threshold of his house. Jacqueline worshiped Pablo like a god, and turned their house into a kind of personal temple.
This was exactly the source of inspiration that the master lacked with his previous lover. For 17 of the 20 years he lived with Jacqueline, he did not draw any other women, except for her. Each of latest paintings Picasso- This unique masterpiece. And it's obvious that stimulated a genius Picasso it is the young wife who ensures old age and last years artist with warmth and selfless care.
Died Picasso in 1973 - in the hands of Jacqueline Rock. As a monument, his sculpture “Woman with a Vase” was installed on the grave.
Photo: Jacqueline Rock and work Pablo Picasso, on which she is depicted, - "Naked Jacqueline in a Turkish headdress" (1955)
According to materials:
“100 people who changed the course of history. Pablo Picasso". Issue №29, 2008
And also, http://www.picasso-pablo.ru/
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (Picasso Pablo) (1881–1973), Spanish painter and sculptor, who lived in France from 1904. Picasso is an inventor of new forms of painting, an innovator of styles and methods, and one of the most prolific artists in history. He created more than 20 thousand works. Born in Malaga on October 25, 1881. The genius of Picasso revealed himself early: at the age of 10 he painted his first paintings, and at 15 he brilliantly passed the entrance exam to the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona.
woman in blue
1901, Reina Sofia Center, Madrid
Life,
1903, Art Museum, Cleveland
family of comedians
1905, National Gallery, Washington
Girl on the Ball,
1905, Pushkin Museum, Moscow
boy with horse
1905, Museum of modern. art, New York
Mother and child
1905, Stuttgart Gallery, Germany
Between 1900 and 1902, he made three trips to Paris and finally settled there in 1904. The styles of the French Impressionist painters, especially Degas and Toulouse-Lautrec, had a strong influence on the formation of the creative manner of the Spanish painter during this period. Picasso's "Blue Room" (1901, Phillips Collection, Washington) reflects the influence of these artists and at the same time shows the evolution of his work during the "blue period", which is so named because various shades of blue and blue dominated his work over the next few years.
Displaying human suffering, Picasso during this period painted the blind, beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes. Their somewhat elongated bodies in the paintings resemble the works Spanish artist El Greco. The same circle of images, starting from 1905, acquires a different color from him. As if a ray of hope penetrates the souls of his heroes along with the appearance of lighter and more transparent colors in the colorful range of his paintings: to lightened shades of blue color pink, ash-pink, golden-pink tones join. After the works of the "blue" period, the paintings of the "pink" period represent the world of circus performers and tramps ("Family of acrobats with a monkey", 1905, Gothenburg, Art Museum; "Girl on a ball", Moscow, Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts; "Family Comedians, Washington, National Gallery).
Toilet (Fernanda),
1906, Albright-Knox Gallery, Buffalo
Dance with veils
1907, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Avignon maidens, 1907, Museum contemporary art, NY
Dryad, 1908
Three women, 1908
Friendship, 1908
These three paintings are kept in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.
Cubism. In 1907-1914 Picasso works in such close collaboration with Braque that it is not always possible to establish his contribution at different stages of the Cubist revolution. After the period of Cézannism, which ended with the portrait of Clovis Sago (spring 1909, Hamburg, Kunsthalle), Picasso pays special attention to the transformation of forms into geometric blocks, cuts them into planes and faces, continuing in a space that the artist himself considers solid, inevitably limited by the plane of the picture ("Portrait of Kahnweiler", 1910, Art Institute). The perspective disappears, the palette gravitates towards monochrome, Picasso's paintings are often reduced to incomprehensible puzzles. Actually, the cubist period in the work of Picasso ends shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, which separated him from Braque. Although in his significant works the artist uses some cubist techniques until 1923 (Women running along the shore, 1922, New York, Museum of Modern Art).
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard,
1910, Pushkin Museum named after A.S. Pushkin
Pierrot, 1918, Museum
Contemporary Art, New York
Lovers, 1923,
National Gallery, Washington
The portrait of Ambroise Vollard, the owner of the gallery, collector, connoisseur of art, friend of artists, is made in the forms of analytical cubism. The portrait was purchased by I. A. Morozov in 1913 from Vollard himself. The euphoric and conservative atmosphere of post-war Paris, Picasso's marriage to Olga Khokhlova, the artist's success in society - all this partly explains this return to figurativeness, relative and temporary, since Picasso continued to paint at that time pronounced cubist still lifes.
Along with the cycle of giantesses and bathers, paintings inspired by the "Pompeian" style ("Woman in White", 1923, New York, Museum of Modern Art), numerous portraits of his wife ("Portrait of Olga", pastel, 1923, private collection) and son ("Paul in a Harlequin Suit", Paris, Picasso Museum) are some of the most captivating works ever written by the artist, even though, with their slightly classical direction and parody, they somewhat puzzled the avant-garde of that time.
In these works by Picasso, for the first time, a mood is revealed that manifested itself with particular force only later and which was inherent in many artists in the period between the two wars: an interest in the styles of the past, which became a cultural "archive", and extraordinary virtuosity in translating them into modern language.
Olga's portrait
1923, private collection
Paul dressed as Harlequin
1924, Picasso Museum, Paris
Three in a dance
1925, Tate Gallery, London
In 1925 begins one of the most difficult and uneven periods in the work of Picasso. After the epicurean elegance of the 1920s (The Dance, London, Tate Gallery), an atmosphere of convulsions and hysteria appears in Picasso's work, an unreal world of hallucinations, which can be explained, in part, by the influence of Surrealist poets. For several years, Picasso's imagination seemed to be able to create only monsters, some creatures torn apart ("Seated Bather", 1929, New York, Museum of Modern Art), screaming ("Woman in an Armchair", 1929, Paris, Picasso Museum ), bloated to the point of absurdity and shapeless ("Bather", drawing, 1927, private collection) or embodying metamorphic and aggressively erotic images ("Figures on the Seashore", 1931, Paris, Picasso Museum).
Woman with a flower, 1932
Beyeler Foundation, Riegen, Switzerland
Nude in a red chair
1932, Tate Gallery, London
Dream (Maria-Therese Walter),
1932, private collection, New York
In the years 1930-1934, it is precisely in sculpture that Picasso's entire life force is expressed: busts and female nudes, in which Matisse's influence is sometimes noticeable ("Reclining Woman", 1932), animals, small figures in the spirit of surrealism ("Man with a Bouquet", 1934) and especially metal structures, which have semi-abstract, semi-real forms and are sometimes made of rough materials (Picasso creates them with the help of his friend, the Spanish sculptor Julio Gonzalez - "Design", 1931). Along with these strange and sharp forms, Picasso's engravings for Ovid's Metamorphoses (1930) and Aristophanes (1934) testify to the persistence of his classical inspiration. The theme of bulls arose in the work of Picasso, probably during his two trips to Spain in 1933 and 1934, and they are clothed in quite literary forms: the image of the Minotaur, which now and then appears in a beautiful series of engravings executed in 1935 ("Minotauromachia" ).
Dora Maar in a yellow sweater
1939, National Gallery, Berlin
crying woman,
1937, Tate Gallery, London
Guernica, 1937,
Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid
This image of a deadly bull completes the surrealist period in the work of Picasso, but at the same time defines main theme painting "Guernica", his most famous work, which he writes a few weeks after the destruction of the small Basque town by German aircraft and which marks the beginning of his political activity (Madrid, Prado; until 1981 the painting was in New York, in the Museum of Modern Art). The horror that seized Picasso in the face of the threat of barbarism hanging over Europe, his fear of war and fascism, the artist did not express directly, but gave his paintings an alarming tone and gloom. Picasso remained in Paris during the German occupation from 1940 to 1944.
Artist and model
private collection
Death of a matador
1933, Picasso Museum
Cafe in Royan
1940, Picasso Museum, Paris
The occupation did not weaken Picasso's activity: portraits, sculptures ("Man with a Lamb"), meager still lifes, which sometimes express with deep tragedy all the hopelessness of the era ("Still Life with a Bull's Skull", 1942, Düsseldorf, Art Collection of North Rhine-Westphalia). After release. Painting "Slaughterhouse" (1944-1945, New York, Museum of Modern Art) - the last tragic work Picasso. In the autumn of 1944, he publicly announced his entry into the Communist Party, but was not so imbued with its ideas that he could express them in his major historical works. The dove depicted on the poster of the World Peace Congress in Paris (1949) is the most effective manifestation of the artist's political convictions. In addition, this work contributed to the fact that Picasso became a legendary, world-famous personality.
The post-war work of Picasso can be called happy; he becomes close to the young Françoise Gilot, whom he met in 1945 and who will give him two more children, thus giving themes for his numerous family paintings, powerful and charming. Picasso leaves Paris for the south of France, discovers the joy of the sun, the beach, the sea. He lives in Vallauris (1948), then in Cannes (1955), in 1958 he buys the castle of Vauvenargues and in 1961 retires to the rural house of Notre-Dame-de-Vi in Mougins.
Design of water supply and sewerage. Company "ITR installation"
The works created in 1945-1955 are very Mediterranean in spirit, characterized by their atmosphere of pagan idyll and the return of antique moods, which find their expression in paintings and drawings created at the end of 1946 in the halls of the Antibes Museum, which later became the Picasso Museum ("Joy of Life" ). But the rejection of decorative ardor and the search for new ones are especially strong during this period. means of expression. All this manifested itself in numerous lithographs, posters, woodcuts and linocuts, ceramics and sculpture. In the autumn of 1947, Picasso began working at the Madura factory in Vallauris; fascinated by the problems of craft and manual labor, he himself makes many dishes, decorative plates, anthropomorphic jugs and figurines in the form of animals (Centaur, 1958), sometimes somewhat archaic in style, but always full of charm and wit. Sculptures were especially important during that period ("The Pregnant Woman", 1950). Some of them ("Goat", 1950; "Monkey with a Baby", 1952) are made of random materials (the goat's belly is made from an old basket) and are among the masterpieces of assemblage technique.
In 1953, Francoise Gilot and Picasso part ways. This was the beginning of a severe moral crisis for the artist, which is echoed in a remarkable series of drawings executed between the end of 1953 and the end of the winter of 1954; in them, Picasso, in his own way, in a puzzling and ironic manner, expressed the bitterness of old age and his skepticism in relation to painting itself. In 1954, Picasso meets Jacqueline Roque, who in 1958 will become his wife and inspire him to a series of very beautiful portraits. The works of the last fifteen years of the artist's work are very diverse and uneven in quality ("Workshop in Cannes", 1956, Paris, Picasso Museum).
However, one can single out the Spanish source of inspiration ("Portrait of the Artist, in imitation of El Greco", 1950, private collection) and elements of tauromachy (perhaps because Picasso was a passionate admirer of the bullfight popular in the south of France), expressed in drawings and watercolors in the spirit of Goya (1959-1968). A sense of dissatisfaction with one's own work marked a series of interpretations and variations on themes famous paintings"Girls on the banks of the Seine. According to Courbet" (1950, Basel, Art Museum); "Algerian women. According to Delacroix" (1955); "Las Meninas. According to Velasquez" (1957); "Breakfast on the grass. According to Manet" (1960). None of the critics could give a satisfactory explanation for these strange, daring compositions, even if they were really excellent paintings ("Las Meninas", August 17, 1957, Barcelona, Picasso Museum). Picasso died at his villa Notre-Dame-de-Vie on April 8, 1973.
Name: Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso
Age: 91 years old
Place of Birth: Malaga, Spain
A place of death: Mougins, France
Activity: spanish artist
Family status: was married
Pablo Picasso - Biography
Everything that concerns Picasso has never been easy ... His unusual fate - biography was programmed from the very moment of birth: October 25, 1881 in house 15 on Plaza de la Merced in Malaga. The child was born dead. His uncle, Dr. Salvador, who was present at the birth, acted in this fatal situation in the most shocking way - he calmly lit a Havana cigar and exhaled acrid smoke into the baby's face. Everyone screamed in horror - including the newborn yelled.
Pablo Picasso - childhood
At baptism, the baby was named Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Crispin Crispignano de la Santisima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso. According to Spanish custom, parents included in this list the names of all their distant ancestors. Among them in this impoverished noble family were both the archbishop of Lima and the viceroy of Peru. There was only one artist in the family - Pablo's father. Jose Ruiz, however, did not achieve any significant success in this field. He eventually became a caretaker municipal museum arts with a meager salary and a bunch bad habits. Therefore, the family rested mainly on the mother of little Pablo - the energetic and strong-willed Maria Picasso Lopez.
Fate did not spoil this woman. Her father, Don Francisco Picasso Guardena, was considered a wealthy man in Malaga - he owned vineyards on the slopes of Mount Gibralfaro. But, after hearing stories about America, he left his wife and three daughters in Malaga and went to make money in Cuba, where he soon died of yellow fever. As a result, his family was forced to earn a living by washing and sewing. At the age of 25, Maria married Don Jose, a year later her first child Pablo was born, followed by two sisters, Dolores and Conchita. But Pablo was still the favorite child.
According to Dona Maria, "he was so handsome, like an angel and a demon at the same time, that you couldn't take your eyes off him." It was the mother who formed in the character of Pablo the unshakable self-confidence that accompanied him all his life. “If you are a soldier. - she said to the baby, - then you will certainly rise to the rank of general, and if you become a monk, then you will become the Pope. This sincere admiration for the child was shared with his mother and his grandmother, and two aunts who moved to live in their house. Pablo, who was brought up surrounded by women who adored him, said that from childhood he was used to the fact that there should always be loving woman ready to fulfill his every whim.
Another childhood impression in the biography of Pablo, which radically influenced Picasso's entire life, was the earthquake of 1884. Half of the city was destroyed, more than six hundred citizens died, thousands were injured. Pablo remembered for the rest of his life the ominous night when his father miraculously managed to pull him out from under the ruins of his home. Few people guessed that the torn and angular lines of cubism are an echo of that very earthquake when the familiar world crumbled into pieces.
Pablo started drawing at the age of six. “There was a statue in the hallway at home. Hercules with a club, Picasso said. - Here, I sat down and drew this Hercules. And it was not a child's drawing, it was quite realistic. Of course, don Jose immediately saw in Pablo the successor of his work and began to teach his son the basics of painting and drawing. Pablo remembered the hard drill of his father, who for days on end "put his hand" to his son, on long years. At the age of 65, having visited an exhibition of children's drawings, he bitterly remarked: “When I was as old as these children, I could draw like Raphael. It took me many years to learn how to draw like these kids!”
In 1891, 10-year-old Pablo began attending painting courses in A Coruña. where he was placed by his father, who received a teaching position there. Pablo did not study in A Coruña for long. At the age of 13, he considered himself independent enough to live without his parents, who really did not like his numerous novels, including those with young school teachers. Moreover, Pablo studied poorly, and his father had to beg the director of the school, who was familiar with him, not to expel his son. In the end, Pablo himself left school and went to Barcelona to enter the Academy of Arts.
He entered not without difficulty - the teachers did not believe that the pictures presented to them for viewing were painted not by an adult man, but by a boy who was 14 years old. Pablo got very angry when he was called "boy". Already at the age of 14, he was a frequenter of brothels, which at that time were many near the Academy of Arts. “Sex from a young age was my favorite pastime,” Picasso admitted. We Spaniards are mass in the morning, bullfighting in the afternoon and a brothel late in the evening.”
As his classmate Manuel Pallares later recalled from a biography of that time, once Pablo lived for a week in one of the brothels and, as payment for his stay, painted the walls of a brothel with erotic frescoes. At the same time, night trips to brothels did not in the least prevent Pablo from devoting all his days religious painting. For a young artist even commissioned several paintings to decorate the nunnery. One of them - "Science and Mercy" - was awarded a diploma at the National Exhibition in Madrid. Unfortunately, most of these paintings perished during the Spanish Civil War.
And yet, fellow students recalled the biography of their friend, Pablo was constantly in love with someone. His first love was called Rosita del Oro. She was more than ten years older than him and worked as a dancer in a popular Barcelona cabaret. Rosita, like many women of Picasso later, recalled that Pablo struck her with his "magnetic" look, literally hypnotized her. This hypnosis" worked for five whole years. In the memory of Picasso, Rosita remained the only woman who, after parting, did not say nasty things about him.
They broke up when Pablo went to Madrid to enter the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts, considered at that time the most advanced art school in all of Spain. He entered there very easily, but stayed at the Academy for only 7 months. The teachers recognized the talent of the young man, but could not cope with his character: Pablo fell into a rage every time he was told how and what to draw.
As a result, he spent most of the first six months of training "under arrest" - there was a special punishment cell for delinquent students at the San Fernando Academy. In the seventh month of his "imprisonment", during which Pablo became friends with the same obstinate student as he is, Carles Casagemas, the son of the United States consul in Barcelona, a typical representative"golden youth", besides flaunting their homosexual inclinations, he decided to leave the country.
Live Cezanne in Spain, - he said, - he probably would have been shot at all ... ”Together with Casagemas, they went to Paris - to Montmartre, where, as they said, real Art and Freedom reign.
Pablo Picasso - Paris
The money for Pablo's trip, 300 pesetas, was given by his father. He himself was once going to conquer Paris and really wanted the whole world to know the name Ruiz. When rumors reached him that, being in Paris. Pablo started signing his works maiden name mother - Picasso Jos Ruiz had a heart attack.
“Can you imagine me being Ruiz? - Many years later, Picasso justified himself, - Or Diego Jose Ruiz? Or Juan Nepomuseno Ruiz? No, my mother's surname always seemed better to me than my father's surname. This surname seemed strange, and there was a double "s" in it, which is rarely found in Spanish surnames, because Picasso is Italian surname. And besides, have you ever noticed the double “s” in the names of Matisse, Poussin?”
From the first time, Picasso failed to conquer Paris. Casagemas, with whom Picasso shared an apartment on Kolechkur Street, already on the second day after his arrival, having forgotten about all his “homosexual chic”, fell in love with the model Germaine Florentin without memory. She was in no hurry to reciprocate the ardent Spaniard. As a result, Carles fell into a terrible depression, and the young artists, having forgotten the purpose of their visit, spent two months in unrestrained drunkenness. After that, Pablo scooped up his friend in an armful and went with him back to Spain, where he tried to bring him back to life. In February 1901, Carles, without saying anything to Pablo, went to Paris, where he tried to shoot Germain, and then committed suicide.
This event shocked Pablo so much that, returning to Paris in April 1901, he first went to the fatal beauty Germaine and unsuccessfully tried to persuade her to become his muse. That's right - not a mistress, but a muse, since Picasso simply did not have money even to feed her lunch. There wasn’t even enough money for paints - just then his brilliant “blue period” was born, and blue and gray paints forever became synonymous with poverty for Pablo.
He lived in those years in a dilapidated house on Ravignan Square, nicknamed Bato Lavoir, that is, "Laundry Barge". In this barn without light and heat huddled a commune of impoverished artists, mostly emigrants from Spain and Germany. No one locked the doors to Bato Lavoir, all the property was common. Both models and girlfriends were common. Of the dozens of women who then shared a bed with Picasso, the artist himself remembered only two.
The first was a certain Madeleine (her only portrait is now kept in the Tate Gallery in London). As Picasso himself said, in December 1904, Madeleine became pregnant, and he seriously considered marrying. But because of the eternal cold in Bateau Lavoir, the pregnancy ended in a miscarriage, and Picasso soon fell in love with a stately girl with green eyes, the first beauty of Bateau Lavoir. Everyone knew her as Fernande Olivier, although her real name was Amélie Lat. There were rumors that she was illegitimate daughter a well-known person.
In Bateau Lavoir, where she made a living by posing for artists, Fernanda got to fifteen years after the death of her mother.
Opium helped bring them closer together. In September 1905, Pablo invited Fernanda to celebrate the sale of one of his paintings - galleries began to be interested in his work - to a literary club in Montparnasse, where both future geniuses and successful mediocrity gathered. After absinthe, Pablo suggested that the girl smoke a pipe of a drug that was fashionable at that time, and in the morning she found herself in Picasso's bed. “Love flared up, overflowing with passion,” she wrote in her diary, which many years later she published in the form of a book “Loving Picasso”. - He conquered my heart with a sad, pleading look of his huge eyes, which pierced me against my will ...
Having got Fernanda, the jealous Picasso first of all got a reliable lock and, leaving Bateau Lavoir, every time he locked his mistress in his room. Fernanda didn't mind because she didn't have shoes and Picasso didn't have the money to buy them for her. And it was hard to find a lazier person in all of Paris than she was. Fernanda could not go out for weeks, lie on the couch, have sex or read pulp novels. Every morning, Picasso stole milk and croissants for her, which the pedlars left at the door of the good bourgeois in the next street.
Poverty receded, and the depressive "blue" period in the work of Picasso gently turned into a calmer "pink" when wealthy collectors became interested in the paintings of the young Spaniard. The first was Gertrude Stein, the daughter of an American millionaire who fled to Paris for the delights of the bohemian life. However, she paid little money for Picasso's paintings, but she introduced him to Henri Matisse, Modigliani and other artists who set the tone in art.
The second millionaire was a Russian merchant Sergei Shchukin. They met in the same 1905 in Montmartre, where Pablo drew caricatures on passers-by for a couple of francs. They drank to an acquaintance, after which they went to Picasso's studio, where the Russian guest bought a couple of paintings by the artist - for one hundred francs. For Picasso, this was a lot of money. It was Shchukin, who regularly bought Picasso's paintings, finally pulled him out of poverty and helped him to his feet. The Russian merchant collected 51 Picasso paintings - this is the world's largest collection of the artist's works, and we owe it to Shchukin that Picasso's originals hang both in the Hermitage and in the Museum fine arts them. Pushkin.
Pablo Picasso - cubism
But with prosperity came the end of family happiness. Fernanda briefly enjoyed life in luxury apartment on the boulevard Clichy, where there was a real piano, mirrors, a maid and a cook. Moreover, Fernanda herself took the first step towards parting. The thing is. that in 1907 Picasso was carried away by a new direction in art - cubism, and presented to the public his painting "Avignon Girls". The picture caused a real scandal in the press: “This is a canvas stretched on a stretcher, rather controversial, but surely stained with paint, and the purpose of this canvas is unknown,” wrote the Parisian newspapers. - There is nothing that could be of interest. You can guess the roughly drawn female figures in the picture. What are they for? What do they want to express or at least demonstrate? Why did the author do this?
But also bigger scandal flared up at Picasso's house. Fernanda, who was not at all interested in fashion trends in art, took this picture as a mockery of herself personally. Say, using it as a model for the picture. Pablo specifically, "out of jealousy, disgustingly mutilated her face and body, which so many artists admired." And Fernanda decided to "revenge": she began to secretly leave home and pose for artists in Bateau Lavoir in the nude. It is not difficult to imagine the fury of the jealous Picasso, who did not even allow the thought that his beloved would pose for another artist when he saw portraits of his girlfriend in the nude genre in Montmartre.
Since then they living together turned into an ongoing scandal. Picasso tried to be at home as little as possible, spending most of his time in the Hermitage cafe, where he met Polish artist Ludwig Marcoussis and his girlfriend, petite 27-year-old Eva Güell. She - unlike Fernanda - to modern painting treated calmly and willingly posed for Pablo for his portraits in the style of cubism. One of them, which Picasso called "My Beauty", she took as a declaration of love and reciprocated.
So when Picasso and Fernanda Olivier parted ways in 1911, Eva Güell became the mistress of the artist's new house on Boulevard Raspail. However, they rarely visited Paris, only when exhibitions were held, in which Picasso was increasingly invited to participate. They traveled with great pleasure in Spain and England, lived either in Seurat, at the foot of the Pyrenees, or in Avignon. It was, as they said, "an endless pre-wedding journey." It ended in the spring of 1915, when Pablo and Eva decided to get married, but did not have time. Eva fell ill with tuberculosis and died. “My life has become hell. - Pablo wrote in a letter to Gertrude Stein. "Poor Eve is dead, I'm in unbearable pain..."
Pablo Picasso - Russian ballet
Picasso was very upset by the death of his beloved. He stopped taking care of himself, drank heavily, smoked opium and did not get out of brothels. This went on for almost two years, until the poet Jean Cocteau persuaded Picasso to take part in his new theater project. Cocteau had long collaborated with Sergei Diaghilev, the owner of the famous Russian Ballet, painted posters for the Nijinsky and Karsavina entreprise, composed the libretto, but then he came up with the Parade ballet, a strange action without a plot, and there was less music in it than street noises .
Until that day, Picasso was indifferent to ballet, but Cocteau's proposal interested him. In February 1917, he went to Rome, where at that moment Russian ballerinas were fleeing from the horrors of the Civil War. There, in Italy, Picasso found new love. It was Olga Khokhlova, the daughter of a Russian army officer and one of the most beautiful ballerinas troupes.
Picasso was carried away by Olga with all his characteristic temperament. After the extravagant Fernanda and the temperamental Eva, Olga attracted him with her calmness, adherence to traditional values and classical, almost antique beauty.
“Be careful,” Diaghilev warned him, “you have to marry Russian girls.”
“You are joking,” the artist answered him, confident that he would always remain the master of the situation. But everything turned out just as Diaghilev had said.
Already at the end of 1917, Pablo took Olga to Spain to introduce her to her parents. Dona Maria warmly accepted the Russian girl, went to performances with her participation and once warned her: "With my son, who was created only for himself and for no one else, no woman can be happy." But Olga did not heed this warning.
July 12, 1918 in Orthodox Cathedral Alexander Nevsky in Paris was the wedding ceremony. Honeymoon they spent in each other's arms in Biarritz, forgetting about war, revolution, ballet and painting.
“On their return, they settled in a two-story apartment on La Boesi Street,” Picasso’s friend, the Hungarian photographer and artist Gyula Halas, better known as Brassai, described their life in the book “Meetings with Picasso”. - Picasso took one floor for his studio, the other was given to his wife. She turned it into a classic secular salon with cozy canapés, curtains and mirrors. Spacious dining room with a large, extendable table, serving table, in each corner - a round table on one leg; the living room is designed in white tones, in the bedroom there is a double bed trimmed with copper.
Everything was thought out before the smallest details, and not a speck of dust anywhere, parquet and furniture shone. This apartment did not fit in at all with the artist’s habitual lifestyle: there was neither the unusual furniture that he loved so much, nor one of those strange objects with which he liked to surround himself, nor things scattered around as needed. Olga jealously guarded the possessions, which she considered her own, from the influence of a bright and strong personality Picasso. And even the hanging paintings by Picasso from the Cubist period, in large beautiful frames, looked like they belonged to a wealthy collector ... "
Picasso himself gradually turned into a prosperous bourgeois with all befitting this position. external attributes success. He bought a Spanish-Suiza limousine, hired a chauffeur in livery, began to wear expensive suits made by famous Parisian tailors. The artist led a stormy social life, not missing premieres at the theater and opera, attending receptions and soirees - always accompanied by his beautiful and refined wife: he was at the zenith of his "secular" period.
The crown of this period was the birth in February 1921 of the son Paolo. This event excited Picasso - he made endless drawings of his son and wife, marking on them not only the day, but also the hour when he painted them. All of them are made in the neoclassical style, and the women in his image resemble the Olympian deities. Olga treated the child with an almost morbid passion and adoration.
But over time, this beautiful, measured life began to seem like a curse to Picasso. “The more he got rich, the more he envied that other Picasso, who once wore a mechanic’s robe and huddled with Fernanda in the windswept Bato Lavoire,” wrote Brassai. “Soon Picasso left the upper apartment and moved to live in his studio on the lower floor. And, without a doubt, never before has any "respectable" apartment been so unrespectable.
It consisted of four or five rooms, each with a fireplace with a marble board, over which there was a mirror. Furniture from the rooms was taken out, and instead of it were piled up paintings, cardboard, bags, forms from sculptures, bookshelves, piles of papers... The doors of all the rooms were thrown open, or maybe simply taken off their hinges, thanks to which this huge apartment turned into one large space, divided into nooks and crannies, each of which was assigned to perform a certain work.
The parquet floor, which has not been rubbed for a long time, is covered with a carpet of cigarette butts ... Picasso's easel stood in the largest and brightest room - no doubt, once there was a living room; it was the only room in any way furnished in this strange apartment. Madame Picasso never entered this workshop, and since, with the exception of a few friends, Picasso did not let anyone in, the dust could behave as it pleased without fear that a woman's hand would begin to clean up.
Olga felt how her husband was gradually returning to his inner world - the world of art, to which she had no access. From time to time, she staged violent scenes of jealousy, in response, Picasso became even more withdrawn into himself. “She wanted too much from me,” Picasso later said of Olga. “It was the worst period of my life.” He began to vent his irritation in painting, depicting his wife either in the form of an old horse or an evil vixen. Nevertheless, Picasso did not want a divorce.
After all, then, according to their conditions marriage contract, would have to share equally all their fortune, and most importantly - his paintings. Therefore, Olga until her death remained official wife artist. She claimed that she never stopped loving Picasso. He answered her: “You love me, as they love a piece of chicken, trying to gnaw it to the bone!”
Marie-Therese became his "woman on Thursdays" - Picasso came to her only once a week. This continued until 1935, when she gave him a daughter, Maya. Then he brought Marie-Therese with her daughter to the house and introduced Olga: "This child is a new work by Picasso."
It seemed that after such a statement, a breakup was inevitable. Olga left their apartment, moving to a villa in the suburbs of Paris. Many years later, Picasso claimed that politics added fuel to the fire in their conflict with his wife - in those years, Spain was unfolding Civil War, and the artist began to support the Communists and Republicans. Olga, as befits a noblewoman who suffered from the Bolsheviks, was on the side of the monarchists. However, the divorce never came to fruition. Picasso also did not fulfill his promise to Marie-Therese - Maya never received her father's surname, and a dash remained in her birth certificate in the column "father". However, after a while, Picasso agreed ... to become Maya's godfather.
In 1936, another change took place in the biography of Picasso's personal life. Dora Maar, a photographer, artist and just a bohemian party girl, became his new mistress. They met in the cafe "Two capsules". Picasso admired her hands - Dora amused herself by putting her palm on the table and quickly thrusting a knife between her outstretched fingers. Several times she touched the skin, but seemed not to notice the blood and felt no pain. Amazed, Picasso immediately fell head over heels in love.
In addition, Dora was the only one of all the women of Picasso who understood a lot about painting and sincerely admired the paintings of Pablo. It was Dora who created a unique photo essay about the creative process of Picasso, capturing on camera all the ataps of the creation of the epoch-making canvas “Guernica”, dedicated to the town destroyed by the Nazis in the Basque Country.
Later, however, it turned out that, along with these and other advantages. Dora also had one, but a very significant drawback - she was extremely nervous. Slightly she burst into tears. “I could never write her smiling,” Picasso later recalled, “for me, she was always the Weeping Woman.”
Therefore, the already depressed Picasso preferred to keep new mistress on distance. Picasso's house was run by men - his chauffeur Marcel and his institute friend Sabartes, who became the artist's personal secretary. "Those who believed that social life the artist forgot about his young years, then independence, about the joys of friendship, they were deeply mistaken, Brassai wrote. - When problems surrounded Picasso, when he was exhausted from constant family scandals to such an extent that he even stopped writing, he called Sabartes, who had long since moved to the United States with his wife. Picasso asked Sabartes to return to Europe and settle with him, with him...
It was a cry of despair: the artist was going through the most difficult crisis in his life. And in November, Sabartes arrived and set to work: he began to disassemble Picasso's books and papers, retyping his handwritten poems on a typewriter. Since that time, they have become inseparable, like a traveler and his shadow ... "
The three of them survived the Second world war. Despite the fact that the Nazis called his paintings "decadent" or "Bolshevik daubs", Picasso decided to take a chance and stay in Paris. “In the occupied city, life was hard even for Picasso: he could not get gasoline for the car and coal to heat the workshop. Sabartes wrote. - And he, like everyone else, had to adapt to military reality: stand in lines, ride the subway or bus, which rarely ran and were always packed. In the evenings, one could almost always meet him in the hotly heated Cafe de Flor, among friends, where he felt at home, if not better ...
In the "Cafe de Flor" Picasso met Francoise Gilot. He approached her table with a large vase full of cherries and offered to help herself. A conversation ensued. It turned out that the girl quit her studies at the Sorbonne for the sake of painting. For this, her father kicked her out of the house, but Francoise did not lose heart. She earned her living and education by giving riding lessons. "Such beautiful woman cannot be an artist in any way, ”the master exclaimed and invited her to his place ... to take a bath. In occupied Paris hot water was a luxury. “However,” he added. - if you want to see my paintings more than washing, then you better go to the museum.
Picasso was very wary of the admirers of his talent. But for Françoise, he made an exception. Brassaï wrote: “Picasso was captivated by Françoise’s small mouth, plump lips, thick hair framing her face, huge and slightly asymmetrical green eyes, slim waist teenager and rounded outlines of forms. Picasso was subdued by Françoise and allowed her to idolize him. He loved her as if the feeling had come to him for the first time... But always greedy and always satiated, like a Seville seducer, he never allowed himself to be enslaved by a woman, freeing himself from her power in creativity. For him, a love adventure was not an end in itself, but a necessary incentive for the realization creative possibilities, which were immediately embodied in new paintings, drawings, engravings and sculptures.
After the war, Francoise gave birth to Picasso two children: son Claude in 1947 and daughter Paloma in 1949. It seemed that the 70-year-old artist finally found his happiness. What could not be said about his girlfriend, who eventually discovered that all previous women still continue to play a role in Pablo's life. So, if they went to the south of France in the summer, then the rest was sure to be enlivened by the presence of Olga, who showered her with streams of abuse. In Paris, Thursdays and Sundays were the days when Picasso went to visit Dora Maar or invited her to dinner himself.
As a result, in 1953, Francoise, having taken the children, left the artist. For Picasso it was complete surprise. Francoise stated that she "does not want to spend the rest of her life with a historical monument." This phrase soon became known throughout Paris. Above Picasso, who boasted that "no woman leaves men like him," they began to laugh.
He found salvation from shame in the arms of a new favorite - Jacqueline Rock, a 25-year-old saleswoman from a supermarket in the resort town of Vallauris, near which the artist's villa was located. Jacqueline alone raised her 6-year-old daughter Katrina and. being a very rational woman, she understood that she should not miss such a chance as to become a companion of an already middle-aged and wealthy artist. She was neither as sensual as Fernanda nor as tender as Eva, she did not have Olga's grace and Marie-Thérèse's beauty, she was not as intelligent as Dora Maar, nor as talented as Françoise. But she had one huge advantage - for the sake of life with Picasso, she was ready for anything. She simply called him God. Or Monseigneur - as a bishop. She endured all his whims, depressions, suspiciousness with a smile, followed the diet and never asked for anything. For Picasso, exhausted by family strife, she became a real salvation. And his second official wife.
Olga died of cancer in 1955, freeing Picasso from the obligations of her marriage contract. The wedding of Jacqueline Rock was played in March 1961. The ceremony was distinguished by modesty - they drank only water, ate soup and chicken left over from yesterday. Future life the couple, which took place in the estate of Notre-Dame-de-Vie in Mougins, was distinguished by the same modesty and solitude. “I refuse to see people,” the artist said to his friend Brassai. -What for? For what? Nobody even worst enemies I wouldn't want that kind of fame. I suffer from it psychologically, I defend myself as best I can: I erect real barricades, although the doors are double-locked day and night. It was to Jacqueline's advantage - she was not going to share her genius with anyone.
Gradually, she subjugated Picasso so much that she decided almost everything for him. At first she quarreled with all his friends, then she managed to convince her husband that her children and grandchildren were just waiting for his death in order to receive an inheritance.
last years
The last years of the artist's biography were remembered by his relatives as a real nightmare. So, the artist’s granddaughter Marina Picasso in her book “Picasso, my grandfather” recalled that the artist’s villa reminded her of an impregnable bunker surrounded by barbed wire: “Father holds my hand. Silently we approach the gates of the grandfather's mansion. The father rings the bell. Just like before, I'm afraid. The gatekeeper comes out. "Monsieur Paul, do you have a rendezvous?" “Yes,” mutters the father.
He lets go of my fingers so I don't feel his palm getting wet. “Now I’ll find out if the owner can accept you.” The gates slam shut. It's raining, but we must wait to hear what the owner has to say. As it was last Saturday. Until then, Thursday. We are overcome by guilt. The gates open again, and the watchman drops, averting his eyes: “The owner cannot receive today. Madame Jacqueline asked me to tell you that he was working ... ”When, after several attempts, his father managed to see him, he asked his grandfather for money. I stood in front of my father. My grandfather took out a pack of banknotes, and my father, like a thief, took them. Suddenly Pablo (we couldn't call him "Grandfather") started yelling, "You can't take care of your children by yourself. You can't earn your living! You can't do anything on your own! You will always be mediocre."
A few years later, these trips stopped - Picasso lost all interest in children and grandchildren. However, he also began to treat Jacqueline Roque coldly. “I will die never having loved anyone like that,” he once admitted.
“My grandfather was never interested in the fate of his loved ones. He was only concerned about his work, from which he suffered or was happy. He loved children only for their innocence in his paintings, and women for the sexual and cannibalistic impulses that they aroused in him ... Once, I was then nine years old. I fainted from exhaustion. I was taken to the doctor, and the doctor was very surprised that Picasso's granddaughter was in such a state. and wrote him a letter asking him to send me to a medical center. My grandfather didn't answer - he didn't care."
Pablo Picasso - the end of the artist's life
On the morning of April 8, 1973, Pablo Picasso died of pneumonia. Shortly before his death, the artist said, “My death will be a shipwreck. When a large ship dies, everything that is around it is drawn into the funnel.
And so it happened. His grandson Pablito, despite everything, who retained boundless love for his grandfather, asked to be allowed to attend the funeral, but Jacqueline Rock refused. On the day of the funeral, Pablito drank a vial of decoloran, a bleaching chemical liquid, and burned his insides. “He died a few days later in the hospital,” Marina Picasso recalled. - All I had to do was find money for the funeral. Newspapers have already reported that the grandson of the great artist, who lived a few hundred meters from his villa in complete poverty, could not survive the death of his grandfather. We were rescued by college comrades. Without saying a word to me, they collected from their pocket money the amount needed for the funeral.”
Two years later, Pablo's son, Paolo, died - he drank heavily, surviving the death of his own son. Marie-Thérèse Walter hanged herself in 1977. Dora Maar also died - in poverty, although many paintings given to her by Picasso were found in her apartment. She refused to sell them. Jacqueline Rock herself was dragged into the funnel. After the death of her Monsignor, she began to behave strangely - she talked to Picasso all the time as if he were alive. In October 1986, on the opening day of the artist's exhibition in Madrid, she suddenly realized that Picasso had long been gone, and put a bullet in her forehead.
Marina Picasso suggested that if her grandfather had known about these tragedies, he would not have been very worried. "Every positive value has its negative value." - liked to repeat Picasso.
The unique style and divine talent allowed Picasso to influence the evolution of modern art and the entire artistic world.
Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain. He discovered his talent at an early age and entered the School of Fine Arts when he was 15 years old.
The artist spent most of his life in his beloved France. In 1904 he moved to Paris, and in 1947 he moved to the sunny south of the country.
The work of Picasso is divided into unique and interesting periods.
His early "blue period" began in 1901 and lasted about three years. Most of artwork created at this time, is characterized by human suffering, poverty and shades of blue.
The "Pink Period" lasted for about a year, beginning in 1905. This phase is characterized by a lighter rose-gold and rose-gray palette, and the characters are mostly itinerant artists.
The picture that Picasso painted in 1907 marked the transition to a new style. The artist single-handedly changed the course of contemporary art. These were the "Avignon Maidens", which caused a lot of upheaval in the then society. The depiction of nude prostitutes in the cubist style became a real scandal, but served as the basis for subsequent conceptual and surrealist art.
On the eve of World War II, during the conflict in Spain, Picasso created another brilliant work - the painting "Guernica". The immediate source of inspiration was the bombing of Guernica, the canvas personifies the protest of the artist who condemned fascism.
In his work, Picasso devoted much time to the study of comedy and fantasy. He also realized himself as a graphic artist, sculptor, decorator and ceramist. The master constantly worked, creating a huge number of illustrations, drawings and designs of bizarre content. On final stage his career he painted variations of famous paintings by Velasquez and Delacroix.
Pablo Picasso died in 1973 in France at the age of 91, having created 22,000 works of art.
Paintings by Pablo Picasso:
Boy with a pipe, 1905
This painting of early Picasso belongs to the "rose period", he painted it shortly after his arrival in Paris. It depicts a boy with a pipe in his hand and a wreath of flowers on his head.
Old guitarist, 1903
The picture refers to blue period» works of Picasso. It depicts an old, blind and beggar Street musician with a guitar. The work is done in shades of blue and is based on expressionism.
Girls of Avignon, 1907
Perhaps the most revolutionary painting in modern art and the first painting in the style of cubism. The master ignored the generally accepted aesthetic rules, shocked the purists and single-handedly changed the course of art. He depicted in a peculiar way five naked prostitutes from a brothel in Barcelona.
A bottle of rum, 1911
Picasso completed this painting in the French Pyrenees, a favorite haunt of musicians, poets and painters, which the Cubists had chosen before the First World War. The work is done in a complex cubist style.
Head, 1913
This famous work became one of the most abstract Cubist collages. The profile of the head can be traced in a semicircle outlined by charcoal, but all elements of the face are significantly reduced to geometric figures.
Still life with compote and glass, 1914-15
Forms of pure color and faceted objects juxtapose and overlap each other to create a harmonious composition. Picasso in this picture demonstrates the practice of collage, which he often uses in his work.
Girl in front of a mirror, 1932
This is a portrait of Picasso's young mistress, Marie-Therese Walter. The model and her reflection symbolize the transition from a girl to a seductive woman.
Guernica, 1937
This painting depicts the tragic nature of war and the suffering of innocent victims. The work is monumental in its scope and significance, and is seen throughout the world as an anti-war symbol and poster for peace.
Weeping woman, 1937
Picasso was interested in the theme of suffering. This detailed painting, with a grimace distorted, deformed face, is considered a continuation of Guernica. 
Pablo Picasso is put on the same level as the great artists of the 20th century. Diverse and unique in his manner, he is considered the inspiration and creator of Cubism. He left the world about a hundred thousand works, including drawings, sculpture and ceramics. His works of art are kept in many museums around the world. Paintings are among the most expensive and often stolen.
Below are famous and famous paintings Picasso with names and a brief description.
Painting: "The Absinthe Drinker" (1901) Oil on canvas. 73×54
Along with other fifty canvases by the Spanish artist, acquired by Russian emigrant Sergei Shchukin, the painting is kept in the Hermitage. It was he who became one of the first generous buyers of Picasso and helped him get out of poverty. According to art critics, the picture opens the "blue period" creative activity Picasso, filled with dramatic events in his life. Disputes around the work still do not subside, and in Paris at the turn of the century, it generally shocked many. Not only by the manner of performance, mixing of colors, but also by the emotional intensity in which the artist immersed the audience.
"Old Guitarist" (1903) Oil on canvas. 121.3 × 82.5 cm 
This painting was the first of the works of the artist, which was acquired by the museum. It has been kept in Chicago since 1926. Picasso painted it at the age of 22, after his friend shot himself because of an unhappy love. One could call it "The Blind Musician", but the artist focused on old age, in which creativity is the only outlet. He emphasized the tool with a different color in a world of dirty blue: a shade that characterizes poverty and lack of hope. He painted the old man on top of another work: a nursing mother, the contours of which can be seen on the canvas.
"Girl on the Ball". (1905) Oil on canvas. 147 × 95 cm.
The beginning of the revival of life. Pink becomes the main color in the work of Picasso for two years. He wrote several works on the theme of a traveling circus, which he was passionate about. In 1913, it was acquired by the collector and descendant of Savva Morozov from the writer Gertrude Stein, who opened the doors to bohemian life for the young artist. She was not only his friend, but also a patron, buying his paintings for little money. She sold the painting to Ivan Morozov for 13,000 francs. The work is stored in Pushkin Museum, where she got from the nationalized collection of the Morozovs.
"Boy with a Pipe" (1905) Oil on canvas. 100 × 81 cm.
Record-breaking in 2004, the painting was bought by a private individual at auction for $104 million from a collector, the US ambassador to the UK. His family kept the work for more than half a century, earning $74 million from it.
Picasso painted a picture in a hostel for young artists, where a teenager, depicted in a wreath of roses, often dropped in. This detail came to the mind of the artist after painful reflections on how to complete the work.
Almost all of the artist’s early paintings are in museums, so this one has become a rare exception. The name of the private collector who bought it has not been released for fear of theft.
Girls of Avignon (1907) Oil on canvas. 244×234 cm
Known as one of the first manifestations of cubism in the artist's work. Naked bodies are deliberately deprived of flexibility, and from their postures it is not difficult to guess that the girls are written off from the inhabitants of a brothel, where the author often visited.
It clearly shows the transition of the master from his passion for blue and pink in the African period, which soon crossed out new genre. Almost a year of work. Since that time, Picasso is recognizable: the chip, although not liked by the public and critics, has become calling card for the artist, and later served as the starting point for a whole trend in art.
The artist broke up with her in 1920. Seventeen years later, the world first saw this work, and soon it was acquired by the New York Museum.
"Three Musicians" (1921) Oil on canvas. 200 × 222 cm
Picasso was married to the Russian ballerina Olga Khokhlova and his life was finally immersed in luxury when he painted this picture.
Never recognizing limits and conventions, he tried to expand the boundaries in his work. The painting belongs to synthetic cubism - another original style of the artist.
He portrayed quite specific people, encrypted in symbols: these are friends Guillaume Apollinaire and Max Jacob - witnesses at his wedding. The third character with the guitar is Pablo himself. Pierrot has already died, the Monk has renounced the world, and Harlequin says goodbye to carelessness.
The painting is kept in the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
"Nude, green leaves and a bust" (1932) Oil on canvas. 162×130 cm
Since 1936, its owners have changed twice. Until it was put up for auction. In 2010, "Nude ..." left him for $ 106.5 million to an unknown private person.
Another record holder in value, like many of Picasso's works.
The artist painted it secretly from his wife with Maria Therese Walter, a young lover who gave him a daughter. The artist was 46 years old, and the beginning of the novel was promising.
There are more than fifty of her portraits and sculptural busts. This picture was painted in just a day in his surrealistic manner.
Inspiration is also given by the preparation for the next exhibition dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the eminent artist. He wants to surpass his rival and friend Matisse, who also intends to impress the public with his exhibition work.
"Guernica" (1937) Oil on canvas. 349×776
The most recognizable and tragic picture, as well as the largest in meaning and size. The anti-fascist views of Picasso, her entry into the communist union of France and the bold response to the Nazis, who came to his workshop with a search and turned everything upside down, are known. One of them asked, looking at the huge canvas, whether it was Picasso who did this work. To which he replied: "No, you did it."
Guernica is the name of the town in the artist's homeland, which was wiped off the face of the earth by German aviation along with its inhabitants. Pain, suffering, the horror of war - Picasso worked on this three-dimensional picture month.
All this time he was inspired new sweetheart Dora Maar. She filmed the whole process of work on a camera, and these shots flew around the world.
The painting was exhibited mainly in America, only in 1981 it moved to the Museum of Madrid.
"Dora Maar with a cat" (1941) Oil on canvas. 128 × 95 cm.
The painting is kept by a private person in Georgia. The millionaire bought it for over $100 million in 2006.
It depicts the same Dora, with whom fate brought the artist for seven years. The novel was as bright as a comet, but it ended mental disorder. She never posed, but her image is captured in many portraits. In the last years of their relationship, the smile on the canvas was replaced by tears. Weeping Dora is the character of a whole series of his works. But this lady in the hat is quite energetic, confident and feels like a winner. The black cat on her shoulder demonstrates her independent nature.
The combination of colors helps the viewer to immerse themselves in the mood, unraveling the symbols.
"Algerian women. Version O» 1955 Oil on canvas. 114 × 146.5 cm.
This painting broke all records when it was bought two years ago for one hundred and seventy-nine million dollars!
Moreover, she became not only a hit of Picasso's work, but topped the list of the most expensive paintings. Who laid out a fabulous sum for it is not disclosed, but some claim that it was bought at the request of the ex-Minister of Qatar.
Picasso created several versions, but the last one, with the initial "O", became famous.
The images of women are collective from the paintings of Delacroix, Renoir, Matisse. Although in one of them some art historians see last sweetheart artist Jacqueline Rock.
What do you think of Picasso's art and work? Write in the comments!
