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We recently published . Today we bring to your attention the continuation of everything that will be useful to know for a true lover of books. As always, happy reading!
1. One of the most extraordinary books - " The Divine Comedy» Dante, created by G. Chelani on one sheet of paper measuring 800x600 mm. 14 thousand poems fit on it, while they can be read without special magnifying equipment. If you look at the book from a distance, you get a map of Italy. Monk Gabriel spent 4 years on its creation.
2. Most big fee The Roman Empire received the poet Oppian. Marcus Aurelius paid him a gold coin for each line of the poem. For his work, he received 20 thousand gold coins.
3. To make books as cheap as cigarettes, Penguin began using paperbacks. The first such books were distributed in churches.
4. A bibliocleptomaniac is a person who steals books. Steven Bloomberg, the most notorious book thief, has stolen over 23,000 rare copies of books. Now his collection is worth about $20 million.
5. In medieval Europe, a book was chained to a shelf to prevent it from being taken out of a public library. Their length made it possible to remove books from the shelves and read, but not take them with you. This method of protection against theft was used until the 18th century, since books at that time were very expensive.
6. According to Google, there are almost 130 million book titles in the world (this includes all fiction, journalistic and scientific works).
7. The book of the famous Dutch doctor Herman Boerhaave called "The Only and Deepest Secrets of the Medical Art" was sold for 10 thousand dollars. When the seal on it was opened, it turned out that its pages were clean. Only the title page read: "Keep your head cold, your feet warm, and you will make the best doctor poor."
8. The well-known and close "bookworm" appeared thanks to small insects that eat the spines of books.
9. In Shakespeare's works, the word "love" occurs almost 10 times more often than the word "hatred" (2259 and 229 times, respectively).
10. The work of Leonardo da Vinci on water, land and celestial bodies under the name "Leicester Code" is considered one of the most expensive books in the world. To become its owner, Bill Gates spent more than 30 million dollars. The book itself should be read only with a mirror, as it is written in mirror handwriting.
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About famous writers you can find a huge amount of information - how they lived, how they created their immortal works. And we want to bring to your attention interesting and not quite ordinary facts from the life of famous writers. Reading interesting book, the reader usually does not think about the features of the character and lifestyle of the writer who wrote it, and yet some facts of his biography or the history of the creation of a particular book are sometimes very entertaining and even cause a smile.
Once at Francois Rabelais there was no money to get from Lyon to Paris. Then he prepared three bags with the inscriptions "Poison for the King", "Poison for the Queen" and "Poison for the Dauphin" and left them in a hotel room in a conspicuous place. Upon learning of this, the owner of the hotel immediately reported to the authorities. Rabelais was seized and taken with an escort to the capital directly to King Francis I, so that he would decide the fate of the writer. It turned out that the packages contained sugar, which Rabelais immediately drank with a glass of water, and then told the king, with whom they were friends, how he solved his problem. 
Charles Dickens I drank half a liter of champagne every day. It all started with the fact that in 1858 Dickens, in order to raise his popularity by new level decided to give lectures. His performances were extremely successful, and he traveled all over England, and then went to America. And where there is a lecture, there is a subsequent meeting with readers! How is it without champagne! In addition, the writer Charles Dickens always slept with his head to the north. He also sat facing north when he wrote his great works. 
Franz Kafka was humblest man. Everything that he wrote, he practically did not publish, but he always read aloud to his three Prague friends. Being seriously ill, he asked his friend Max Brod to burn all his works after his death, including several unfinished novels. Brod did not comply with this request, but, on the contrary, ensured the publication of the works that brought Kafka worldwide fame. 
Ilf and Petrov very original way avoided stereotyped thoughts. They discarded ideas that came to the mind of both at once. 
Marie Francois Arouet (Voltaire) wrote several works at the same time. Sitting down at his desk, depending on his mood, he took the manuscript and continued to work on it. 
Kir Bulychev- this is the final pseudonym of Vsevolod Mozheiko, but in general he changed them every month, especially when he worked in the magazine "Around the World". Once he signed himself "Sarah Phan", but he was accused of anti-Semitism. We decided to just put "S. Fan", but it was considered an attack against Korean people. Then Bulychev signed: "Ivan Shlagbaum." 
Alexandre Dumas father(1802-1870), whose green collected works in fifteen volumes occupies bookshelves in many apartments, far from writing all these adventure novels himself. A whole staff of "literary blacks" worked for Dumas - at other times their number reached 70 people. More often than others, Dumas collaborated with the writer Auguste Macke (1813-1888), who wrote, in particular, significant pieces of The Three Musketeers and The Count of Montecristo. From the correspondence between Dumas and Macke, it follows that the latter's contribution to the novels beloved by many was very significant. 
Main plot immortal work N. V. Gogol"Inspector" was suggested to the author by A. S. Pushkin. These great classics were good friends. Once Alexander Sergeevich told Nikolai Vasilyevich an interesting fact from the life of the city of Ustyuzhna, Novgorod province. It was this case that formed the basis of the work of Nikolai Gogol. Throughout the writing of The Inspector General, Gogol often wrote to Pushkin about his work, told him what stage it was in, and also repeatedly reported that he wanted to quit it. However, Pushkin forbade him to do this, so the "Inspector General" was still completed. By the way, Pushkin, who was present at the first reading of the play, was completely delighted with it. 
The stable phrase "lost generation" came to us from the works Ernest Hemingway. The lost generation of Hemingway are young people who found themselves at the front in early age(for Hemingway, first of all, the period between the two world wars), often not yet finished school, undecided in life, but early on began to kill. After returning from the war, such people, morally or physically crippled, often could not adapt to civilian life, many committed suicide, some went crazy. " by the lost generation” also began to be called a literary movement that united such famous writers as Ham himself, James Joyce, Erich Maria Remarque, Henri Barbusse, Francis Scott Fitzgerald and others. 
Darya Dontsova, whose father was the Soviet writer Arkady Vasiliev, grew up surrounded by creative intelligentsia. Once at school, she was asked to write an essay on the topic: “What was Valentin Petrovich Kataev thinking about when he wrote the story “The lonely sail is whitening”?”, And Dontsova asked Kataev himself to help her. As a result, Daria received a deuce, and the literature teacher wrote in her notebook: “Kataev didn’t think about that at all!” 
Belarusian poet Adam Miscavige was also a science fiction writer. In Future Story, he wrote about acoustic devices that can be used to listen to concerts from the city while sitting by the fireplace, as well as mechanisms that allow the inhabitants of the Earth to maintain contact with creatures inhabiting other planets. 
Honore de Balzac He wrote in the dark, so even during the day he curtained the curtains and lit candles. Starting to work on a new piece balzac locked himself in a room for one or two months and tightly closed the shutters so that light would not penetrate through them. He wrote by candlelight, dressed in a bathrobe, for 18 hours a day. 
At Lord Byron there were four domestic geese that followed him everywhere, even at social gatherings. Despite his overweight and rather strong clubfoot, Byron was considered one of the most energetic and attractive people of his time. 
For close relatives, he was Ronald, for school friends - John Ronald. At Oxford University, where he first studied and then taught, he was called "Tollers". It's about O John Ronald Rowan Tolkien. By the way, in Denmark there is The Tolkien Ensemble - an ensemble named after Tolkien. This is Danish Symphony Orchestra performing musical pieces based on the works of Tolkien. He has the support of Queen Margaret II, a big fan of Tolkien's books, who herself illustrates his books. 
Frankenstein- this is not the name of the famous monster. In Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus, first published in 1818, this very monster was simply called "The Monster". Victor Frankenstein was the name of a young scientist student from Geneva who created a living being from non-living material. 
Mark Twain was a good inventor. Among his developments - a notepad with tear-off leaves for journalists, a wardrobe with sliding shelves, as well as the most ingenious of his inventions - a tie-tying machine!
Real surname Daniel Defoe, was not de Fo, indicating a noble birth, but simply Fo. By the way, he wrote not one book at all, but more than 300. Moreover, among his works there are a lot scientific works on history, economics, geography, and a series of books on demonology and magic. He even wrote a book about the history of the reign of Peter I. 
One of the most prolific writers of all times and peoples was a Spaniard Lope de Vega. In addition to The Dog in the Manger, he wrote another 1,800 plays, all of them in verse. He did not work on any play for more than 3 days. At the same time, his work was well paid, so Lope de Vega was practically a multimillionaire, which is extremely rare among writers. 
The life and work of world literary luminaries is rich in all sorts of interesting things. For example, Russian poets and writers came up with many new words: substance, thermometer (Lomonosov), industry (Karamzin), bungling (Saltykov-Shchedrin), fade away (Dostoevsky), mediocrity (Severyanin), exhausted (Khlebnikov). In our library you can dive into fascinating world masterpieces of world literature, as well as to increase your erudition by getting acquainted with a lot of new information. We are waiting for you in our library! 
Writers are people who are engaged in writing text works that are intended to be familiar to others. When we want to plunge into another Universe, we always turn to these very creations of writers. Their activity helps us a lot in life, teaches us to be useful to society, mutual assistance.
Facts about writers
Any connoisseur of literature is familiar with. According to rumors, he was very loving, but at the same time full of chrome, but this did not stop him from luring women into his networks.
Was not a child happy childhood. His father was sent to a debtor's prison, and the boy himself had to work to feed his family. He was taken to a wax factory, where every day from morning to night he glued labels on cans. Many will say that the work is not dusty, what's wrong with that? And you try to do this all day instead of the usual children's games and you will understand. That is why the images of unfortunate children in Dickens came out perfectly.
We are all familiar with creativity. He was scared to death of the dark. Perhaps the reason for this was that future writer studied at the cemetery. The school was too poor, so the math teacher brought the children to where the children chose a monument for themselves and counted how many years a person lived. Now the themes of Allan Poe's works are not so surprising.
He was a friend of the inventor, who was considered the most secretive person of his time. Twain even invented a couple of things.
He was addicted to drugs, and he also supported the ideas of terrorists. Perhaps it was because of him drug addiction, who knows?
A whole team of proofreaders worked on it. The thing is that he had absolutely no knowledge of spelling and punctuation. Since he wanted his work to be published in looking good had to hire people to correct his mistakes.
In Great Britain, a little less than the queen is revered. It is also called the symbol of the country. Its sales circulation is practically the highest, second only to Shakespeare.
He was so popular that towards the end of his life, loving readers sent letters with the address "V. Hugo Avenue", although the street had a specific name. However, the parcel always found its addressee.
About Russian writers and poets
One can only say about Russian writers and poets that they are loved all over the world. Every connoisseur literary works says that Russian classics are a necessary basis for any person.
The most popular poet in Russia was very ugly, which distinguishes him from his wife, Natalia Goncharova. He was ten centimeters shorter than her. That is why at the balls Alexander Sergeevich tried to stay as far away from his beloved as possible, so that such a contrast would not greatly distract people.
As a young man, he spent a lot of time gambling. Once he even lost his estate in Yasnaya Polyana. He wanted to buy her back, but for some reason did not.
Helped to collect things for the evacuation. He rewound her suitcase with a strong rope, joking that you could at least hang yourself on it. It was on her that Tsvetaeva hanged herself in the end.
Gogol was not indifferent to needlework. For the summer, he even sewed neckerchiefs for himself, which he loved very much.
A few years before his death, he wrote that he should not be buried until the moment when the body began to decompose. He was not listened to and buried almost immediately. After digging up the body, they said that the skull was turned on its side. Another version says that the skull was missing. The writer was very afraid that he would be buried alive. Whether it happened or not, no one knows.
The only word he used to describe his homeland was the word "steal" when asked about Russia in another country.
Tolstoy had terrible handwriting. He could only be understood by the writer's wife, who rewrote his famous novel "War and Peace" several times. He wrote quickly, so that the handwriting became illegible. Looking at the scope of his works, the theory seems real.
The most readable handwriting was at, for which he was thanked many times.
I had a keen sense of smell. Once he decomposed the fragrance of a French perfumer into ingredients, to which the latter only sighed in disappointment, regretting that Kuprin was just a writer.
- a historian-philologist by education.
From the life of writers and poets
Writers are the same people, they have a lot of funny things going on in their lives:
As a joke, Sir chose twelve of the richest men in London, who had a reputation for honest and decent bankers, and wrote them notes saying that everything had surfaced. The next day, every single banker left the city. So their criminal atrocities were revealed, and it was just a joke.
In his early years, Mark Twain worked as a journalist in Nevada. One day he went to a pool club, but bet a young man 50 cents that he would beat him in a game. The stranger said that he would play with his left hand, so sorry for Twain, who played worse than ever. Mark decided to teach him a lesson, but still lost by handing over his money. He then said that he would like to see the guy play right hand, if the left one is so good, to which the latter said that he was actually left-handed.
Pushkin was gambling, he had big debts. When time was running out, he amused himself by drawing caricatures of creditors in his notebooks. One day it came out, there was a huge scandal.
Once, on the embankment of the Fontanka River, three students from a local university caught up with them. One of them said: “Look, the cloud is coming,” hinting at the fullness of the fabulist. The latter did not remain in debt, saying that the toads croaked.
Once I ran into a cyclist, both got off with only a slight fright. When the guy began to apologize to the writer, he laughed and said:
"It's good that you didn't kill me, otherwise you would forever remain the one who killed Bernard Shaw."
About children's writers
Children's writers are just a name. Their works are often read by adults. There is even a list best writers children's literature:
Hans Christian Andersen is one of the most famous storytellers in the world. However, he always believed that his works were for an adult audience. He didn't even like children. When they decided to erect a monument to him, he demanded that the figures of children should not be close by.
The works are familiar to each of us. He changed many professions before he became a writer. During the Great Patriotic War Dragunsky took part in the defense of Moscow.
- the person whose poems we learn first of all. His fairy tales are very firmly embedded in the life of any person. Playing with children, he himself became a child. Children adored him for the simplicity of his soul.
It is part of everyone's childhood. She was a very determined woman: if she drove something into her head, do not hesitate, she will achieve her goal.
The work of a writer takes a lot of time and effort. People engaged in literature in this vein are spiritually developed much better than others. Their talent instills in us a love of beauty.
There are many curious facts connected with Russian poets and writers that shed light on this or that event. It seems to us that we know everything, or almost everything, about the life of great writers, but there are unexplored pages!
So, for example, we learned that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was the initiator of the fatal duel and did everything possible to make it happen - it was a matter of honor for the poet ... And Leo Tolstoy, because of his addiction to gambling lost his house. And we also know how the great Anton Pavlovich loved to call his wife in correspondence - “the crocodile of my soul” ... Read about these and other facts of Russian geniuses in our selection of “the most interesting facts from the life of Russian poets and writers”.
Russian writers came up with many new words: substance, thermometer ( Lomonosov), industry ( Karamzin), dizziness ( Saltykov-Shchedrin), fade away ( Dostoevsky), mediocrity ( Northerner), exhausted ( Khlebnikov).
Pushkin was not handsome, unlike his wife Natalya Goncharova, who, in addition to everything, was 10 cm taller than her husband. For this reason, when attending balls, Pushkin tried to stay away from his wife, so as not to once again focus the attention of others on this contrast.
During the period of courtship for his future wife Natalya, Pushkin told his friends a lot about her and at the same time usually said: “I am delighted, I am fascinated, In short, I am disappointed!”
Korney Chukovsky- it is a nickname. The real name (according to available documents) of the most published in Russia children's writer- Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneichukov. He was born in 1882 in Odessa out of wedlock, was recorded under his mother's surname, and published his first article in 1901 under the pseudonym Korney Chukovsky.
Lev Tolstoy. In youth future genius Russian literature was quite reckless. Once upon a time card game with his neighbor, the landowner Gorokhov, Leo Tolstoy lost the main building of the hereditary estate - the estate Yasnaya Polyana. A neighbor dismantled the house and took it to him for 35 miles as a trophy. It is worth noting that it was not just a building - it was here that the writer was born and spent his childhood, it was this house that he warmly remembered all his life and even wanted to buy it back, but for one reason or another did not do it.
Famous Soviet writer And public figure burr, that is, did not pronounce the letters "r" and "l". It happened in childhood, when, while playing, he accidentally cut his tongue with a razor, and it became difficult for him to pronounce his name: Cyril. In 1934 he took the pseudonym Konstantin.
Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov were natives of Odessa, but met only in Moscow immediately before starting work on their first novel. Subsequently, the duet worked together so well that even the daughter of Ilf Alexander, who is engaged in popularizing the heritage of writers, called herself the daughter of "Ilf and Petrov."
Alexander Solzhenitsyn I spoke with Russian President Boris Yeltsin more than once. So, for example, Yeltsin asked his opinion about the Kuril Islands (Solzhenitsyn advised to give them to Japan). And in the mid-1990s, after the return of Alexander Isaevich from emigration and the restoration of Russian citizenship, by order of Yeltsin, he was presented with the Sosnovka-2 state dacha in the Moscow region.
Chekhov sat down to write, dressed in full dress. Kuprin On the contrary, he loved to work completely naked.
When a Russian satirist writer Arkady Averchenko during the First World War brought to one of the editors a story on military theme, the censor deleted from it the phrase: "The sky was blue." It turns out that according to these words, enemy spies could have guessed that the matter took place in the south.
The real name of the satirist writer Grigory Gorin was Offstein. When asked about the reason for choosing a pseudonym, Gorin replied that it was an abbreviation: "Grisha Ofshtein decided to change his nationality."
Initially at the grave Gogol in the monastery cemetery lay a stone, nicknamed Golgotha because of its similarity with Mount Jerusalem. When they decided to destroy the cemetery, when reburial in another place, they decided to install a bust of Gogol on the grave. And the same stone was subsequently placed on the grave of Bulgakov by his wife. In this regard, the phrase Bulgakov, which he repeatedly addressed to Gogol during his lifetime: “Teacher, cover me with your overcoat.”
After the outbreak of World War II Marina Tsvetaeva sent for evacuation to the city of Yelabuga, in Tatarstan. Boris Pasternak helped her pack. He brought a rope to tie up the suitcase, and, assuring her of its strength, he joked: "The rope will withstand everything, even hang yourself." Subsequently, he was told that it was on her that Tsvetaeva hanged herself in Yelabuga.
famous phrase "We all came from Gogol's overcoat», which is used to express humanistic traditions Russian literature. Often the authorship of this expression is attributed to Dostoevsky, but in fact the first person who said it was a French critic. Eugene Vogüet, who discussed the origins of Dostoevsky's work. Fyodor Mikhailovich himself quoted this quote in a conversation with another French writer, who understood it as own words writer and published them in this light in his work.
As a remedy for big belly» A.P. Chekhov prescribed a milk diet to his obese patients. During the week, the unfortunate had to eat nothing, and extinguish hunger attacks with hundred-gram doses of ordinary milk. Indeed, due to the fact that milk is quickly and well absorbed, a glass of drink taken in the morning reduces appetite. So, without feeling hungry, you can hold out until lunch. This property of milk was used by Anton Pavlovich in his medical practice ...
Dostoevsky made extensive use of the real topography of St. Petersburg in describing the places in his novel Crime and Punishment. As the writer admitted, the description of the courtyard in which Raskolnikov hides things stolen by him from the pawnbroker's apartment, he composed from personal experience- when one day, walking around the city, Dostoevsky turned into a deserted courtyard in order to relieve himself.
Do you know what Pushkin received as a dowry for N.N. Goncharova bronze statue? Not the most comfortable dowry! But still in mid-eighteenth century Afanasy Abramovich Goncharov was one of the the richest people Russia. The sailing fabric produced at his Linen Factory was purchased for the British Navy, and the paper was considered the best in Russia. In the Linen factory for feasts, hunting, performances gathered better society, and in 1775 Catherine herself visited here.
In memory of this event, the Goncharovs bought bronze statue Empress, cast in Berlin. The order was already brought under Paul, when it was dangerous to honor Catherine. And then there was no longer enough money to erect a monument - Afanasy Nikolaevich Goncharov, Natalia Nikolaevna's grandfather, who inherited a huge fortune, left debts and a disordered economy to his grandchildren. He came up with the idea of giving his granddaughter a statue as a dowry.
The ordeal of the poet with this statue is reflected in his letters. Pushkin calls her "copper grandmother" and tries to sell it to the State Mint for remelting (scrap of non-ferrous metals!). In the end, the statue was sold to the foundry of Franz Bard, apparently after the death of the poet.
The bard sold the long-suffering statue to the Yekaterinoslav nobility, which erected a monument to the founder of their city on the Cathedral Square of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk). But even after finally getting to the city of her name, the “copper grandmother” continued to travel, changing 3 pedestals, and after the fascist occupation she completely disappeared. Has the “grandmother” found peace, or does she continue her movements around the world?
The main plot of the immortal work of N. V. Gogol "The Government Inspector" was suggested to the author by A. S. Pushkin. These great classics were good friends. Once Alexander Sergeevich told Nikolai Vasilyevich an interesting fact from the life of the city of Ustyuzhna, Novgorod province. It was this case that formed the basis of the work of Nikolai Gogol.
Throughout the writing of The Inspector General, Gogol often wrote to Pushkin about his work, told him what stage it was in, and also repeatedly reported that he wanted to quit it. However, Pushkin forbade him to do this, so the "Inspector General" was still completed.
By the way, Pushkin, who was present at the first reading of the play, was completely delighted with it.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov in correspondence with his wife Olga Leonardovna, Knipper used to her, in addition to standard compliments and affectionate words, very unusual ones: “actress”, “dog”, “snake” and - feel the lyricism of the moment - “the crocodile of my soul”.
Alexander Griboyedov He was not only a poet, but also a diplomat. In 1829 he died in Persia along with the rest of diplomatic mission at the hands of religious fanatics. To atone for guilt, the Persian delegation arrived in St. Petersburg with rich gifts, among which was the famous Shah diamond weighing 88.7 carats. Another purpose of the embassy's visit was to mitigate the indemnity imposed on Persia under the terms of the Turkmanchay peace treaty. Emperor Nicholas I went to meet the Persians and said: "I consign the ill-fated Tehran incident to eternal oblivion!"
Lev Tolstoy was skeptical about his novels, including War and Peace. In 1871, he sent Fet a letter: "How happy I am ... that I will never write verbose rubbish like War." An entry in his diary in 1908 reads: "People love me for those trifles - War and Peace, etc., which seem very important to them."
The duel in which Pushkin was mortally wounded was not initiated by the poet. Pushkin sent a challenge to Dantes in November 1836, the impetus for which was the spread of anonymous lampoons that made him look like a cuckold. However, that duel was canceled thanks to the efforts of the poet's friends and the proposal made by Dantes to the sister of Natalia Goncharova. But the conflict was not settled, the spread of jokes about Pushkin and his family continued, and then the poet sent an extremely insulting letter to Dantes' adoptive father Gekkern in February 1837, knowing that this would entail a challenge already from Dantes. And so it happened, and this duel was the last for Pushkin. By the way, Dantes was a relative of Pushkin. At the time of the duel, he was married to the sister of Pushkin's wife, Ekaterina Goncharova.
sick, Chekhov sent a messenger to the pharmacy for castor oil in capsules. The pharmacist sent him two large capsules, which Chekhov returned with the inscription "I'm not a horse!". Having received the writer's autograph, the pharmacist happily replaced them with normal capsules.
Passion Ivan Krylov there was food. Before dinner at a party, Krylov read two or three fables. After the praise, he waited for dinner. With the ease of a youth, despite all his obesity, he went to the dining room as soon as it was announced: "Dinner is served." The Kirghiz lackey Yemelyan tied a napkin under Krylov's chin, spread the second on his knees and stood behind the chair.
Krylov ate a huge plate of pies, three plates of fish soup, huge veal chops - a couple of plates, a fried turkey, which he called the "Firebird", besides urinating: Nezhin cucumbers, lingonberries, cloudberries, plums, jamming with Antonov apples, as plums, finally set to Strasbourg pâté, freshly prepared from the freshest butter, truffles and goose livers. After eating several plates, Krylov leaned on kvass, after which he washed down his food with two glasses of coffee with cream, in which you stick a spoon - it costs.
The writer V.V. Veresaev recalled that all the pleasure, all the bliss of life for Krylov consisted in food. At one time, he received invitations to small dinners with the Empress, about which he later spoke very unflatteringly because of the portioned paucity of the dishes served at the table. At one of these dinners, Krylov sat down at the table and, without greeting the hostess, began to eat. The poet who was present Zhukovsky he exclaimed in surprise: “Stop, let the queen at least treat you.” “What if he doesn’t treat him?” Krylov answered, without looking up from his plate. At dinner parties, he usually ate a dish of pies, three or four plates of fish soup, a few chops, a roast turkey, and a few "little things." Arriving home, I ate it all with a bowl sauerkraut and black bread.
By the way, everyone believed that the fabulist Krylov died of intestinal volvulus due to overeating. In fact, he died from bilateral pneumonia.
Gogol had a passion for needlework. He knitted scarves on knitting needles, cut dresses for his sisters, wove belts, sewed neckerchiefs for the summer.
Did you know that the typical Russian name Svetlana is only 200 years old with a small tail? Before A.Kh. Vostokov, such a name did not exist. It first appeared in his romance Svetlana and Mstislav. Then it was fashionable to call literary heroes pseudo-Russian names. This is how Dobrada, Priyata, Miloslav appeared - purely literary, not spelled out in the holy calendar. That's why they didn't call the kids that.
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky took from Vostokov's romance the name for the heroine of his ballad. "Svetlana" has become very popular piece. In the 60s, 70s years XIX century "Svetlana" stepped into the people from the pages of books. But there was no such name in the church books! Therefore, they baptized girls like Photinia, Faina, or Lukerya, from Greek and Latin words, meaning light. Interestingly, this name is very common in other languages: Italian Chiara, German and French Clara and Claire, Italian Lucia, Celtic Fiona, Tajik Ravshana, ancient Greek Faina - all mean: light, bright. Poets just filled a linguistic niche!
After October revolution a wave of new names swept over Russia. Svetlana was perceived as a patriotic, modern and understandable name. Even Stalin called his daughter that. And in 1943, this name finally got into the calendar.
Another interesting fact: this name had and male form- Svetlana and Svet. Demyan Bedny named his son Light.
How many monuments in the world Russian poet Alexander Pushkin? The answer to this question is contained in the book of the Voronezh postcard collector Valery Kononov. All over the world their 270 . Not a single figure of literature was honored with such a number of monuments. The book contains illustrations best monuments poet. Among them are monuments of the era tsarist Russia and Soviet times, monuments installed abroad. Pushkin himself has never been abroad, but there are monuments to him in Cuba, India, Finland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Spain, China, Chile and Norway. Two monuments each - in Hungary, Germany (in Weimar and Düsseldorf). In the USA, one was delivered in 1941 in Jackson, New Jersey, the other in 1970 in Monroe, New York. V. Kononov deduced one regularity: monuments to Pushkin are usually placed not on large areas and in parks and squares.
I.A. Krylov in everyday life was very untidy. His disheveled, unkempt hair, soiled, wrinkled shirts and other signs of slovenliness caused ridicule from acquaintances. Once the fabulist was invited to a masquerade. - How should I dress to remain unrecognized? he asked a familiar lady. - And you wash yourself, comb your hair - no one will recognize you, - she answered.
Seven years before death Gogol warned in his will: “I bequeath my body not to be buried until they appear clear signs decomposition." The writer was not listened to, and when the remains were reburied in 1931, a skeleton with a skull turned to one side was found in the coffin. According to other data, the skull was absent altogether.
The duels were quite diverse both in terms of weapons and form. So, for example, few people know that there was such an interesting form as the “quadruple duel”. In this kind of duel, after the opponents, their seconds shot.
By the way, the most famous quadruple duel was due to the ballerina Avdotya Istomina: the opponents Zavadovsky and Sheremetev were supposed to shoot first, and the seconds Griboyedov and Yakubovich - the second. At that time, Yakubovich shot Griboyedov in the palm of his left hand. It was by this wound that it was later possible to identify the corpse of Griboedov, who was killed by religious fanatics during the destruction of the Russian embassy in Tehran.
An example of the wit of a fabulist Krylova serves famous case V summer garden where he liked to walk. Once he met there with a group of young people. One of this company decided to play a joke on the physique of the writer: “Look, what a cloud is coming!”. Krylov heard, but was not embarrassed. He looked at the sky and added sarcastically: “It really is going to rain. That's what the frogs croaked.
Nikolai Karamzin owns the most a brief description of public life in Russia. When, during his trip to Europe, Russian emigrants asked Karamzin what was happening in his homeland, the writer answered with one word: “they steal.”
Leo Tolstoy's handwriting At Leo Tolstoy It was terrible handwriting. Only his wife could understand everything that was written, who, according to literary researchers, rewrote his “War and Peace” several times. Perhaps Lev Nikolaevich just wrote so quickly? The hypothesis is quite real, given the volume of his works.
Manuscripts Alexandra Pushkin always looked very nice. So beautiful that it's almost impossible to read the text. Vladimir Nabokov also had terrible handwriting, whose sketches and famous cards could only be read by his wife.
The most legible handwriting was with Sergei Yesenin, for which his publishers thanked him more than once.
The source of the expression "And a no brainer" - a poem Mayakovsky(“It’s clear even a hedgehog - / This Petya was a bourgeois”). It became widespread first in the Strugatsky story "The Land of Crimson Clouds", and then in Soviet boarding schools for gifted children. They recruited teenagers who had two years left to study (grades A, B, C, D, E) or one year (grades E, F, I). The students of the one-year stream were called “hedgehogs”. When they came to the boarding school, two-year students were already ahead of them in a non-standard program, so at the beginning school year the expression "no brainer" was very relevant.
Agnia Barto's determination. She was always decisive: she saw the goal - and forward, without swaying and retreating. This feature of her showed through everywhere, in every little thing. Once in a torn civil war Spain, where Barto went to the International Congress for the Defense of Culture in 1937, where she saw with her own eyes what fascism was (congress meetings were held in a besieged burning Madrid), and just before the bombing she went to buy castanets. The sky howls, the walls of the store bounce, and the writer makes a purchase! But after all, the castanets are real, Spanish - for Agnia, who danced beautifully, it was an important souvenir. Alexei Tolstoy then sarcastically asked Barto: did she not buy a fan in that shop in order to fan herself during the next raids? ..
Once Fyodor Chaliapin introduced his friend to the guests - Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin."Meet my friends Aleksander Kuprin - the most sensitive nose of Russia." Contemporaries even joked that there was something "from a big beast" in Kuprin. For example, many ladies were very offended by the writer when he really sniffed them like a dog.
And once, a certain French perfumer, having heard from Kuprin a clear layout of the components of his new fragrance, exclaimed: “Such a rare gift and you are just a writer!” Kuprin often admired his colleagues in the workshop incredibly precise definitions. For example, in a dispute with Bunin and Chekhov, he won with one phrase: “Young girls smell like watermelon and fresh milk. And the old women, here in the south, - bitter wormwood, chamomile, dry cornflowers and - incense.
Anna Akhmatova She wrote her first poem at the age of 11. After rereading it “with a fresh mind”, the girl realized that she needed to improve her art of versification. Which is what she has become actively involved in.
However, Anna's father did not appreciate her efforts and considered it a waste of time. That is why it was forbidden to use real name— Gorenko. Anna decided to choose a pseudonym maiden name his great-grandmother - Akhmatova.
Interesting Facts about writers and poets who glorified Russian literature are of interest to everyone who is at least a little passionate about Russian literature. Their books can be found on the shelves of the home library of any educated person in our country, but do we know everything about their biography? Sometimes Russian classics simply amazed those around them with their unexpected and extravagant actions and antics. Most interesting stories you will find in this article.
Alexander Pushkin is considered the founder of the Russian literary language, but there are enough interesting facts about this writer, although it seems that we know his biography thoroughly.
In fact, many may be surprised that the poet smoked a lot, and the surrounding ladies were often shocked by transparent pantaloons, under which there was no underwear. Officially, Pushkin had four children, at least one child was illegitimate. This is the son of 19-year-old serf Olga Kalashnikova, Pavel, whom the poet seduced in 1824 during his exile in Mikhailovskoye. He sent her to give birth to Vyazemsky in Boldino. The child was born premature. Already your destiny ex-lover and Pushkin was not interested in her son, only a few years later he learned about the death of the boy. Most likely, he had other illegitimate children, but nothing is known for certain about them.
Here is another interesting fact from the writer's life. Despite his education, he believed fortune-tellers and was sure that he would die by hand. white man or a white horse. In general, Pushkin often thought about death - he himself chose a place for his grave, somehow gave a skull to his friend Delvig, grieved over the death of the English poet Byron, and even ordered a mass for the repose of the soul of the servant of God George.
Pushkin received his education at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Moreover, he studied very badly, he showed success only in literature. For almost his entire life he played a lot of cards, often lost, and card debts constantly hung on him.
fatal duel
It is worth recognizing that his opponent in the fatal duel in which he was killed was very unusual. was a relative of Pushkin. He was married to the sister of the poet's wife Ekaterina Goncharova. Before his death, the poet was very worried that he had violated the royal ban on participating in duels, he even said that he was waiting for forgiveness from the emperor in order to die peacefully.
In one of the last moments of enlightenment before his death, Pushkin asked for cloudberries, and finally said goodbye to the most true friends in the room, they were his books. Here are some interesting facts about literature and writers that Pushkin can reveal to you in a new way.
Mikhail Lermontov became famous during the time of Pushkin, although he was much younger than him. If we talk about interesting facts about the writers and poets of Russia, then there is something to tell about him. His appearance was frankly unsightly: he was broad-shouldered, small in stature, big-headed and stocky. At the same time, he limped on one leg, according to some, to resemble Byron.
Most of all, of all his relatives, he loved his grandmother, who reciprocated him. Like Pushkin, he was an avid duelist. Once he participated in a duel with a Frenchman who supplied pistols for the fatal duel between Alexander Sergeevich and Dantes. For participating in duels, he was exiled to the Caucasus, where he proved to be a brave officer. There he began to teach Azerbaijan language.
He was loving and changeable. Once he took the bride away from his friend, and when he got tired of the girl, he wrote an anonymous slander on himself. Friends noted that Lermontov was famous for his unpleasant character - he was vindictive, did not forgive people's weaknesses, and treated everyone arrogantly.
heads or tails
For my short life(he lived only 26 years) took part in three duels. He managed to avoid four more only thanks to the efforts of his acquaintances. One of his pastimes was to upset impending marriages. He pretended to be an ardent young man in love with his bride, showed her signs of attention, sent poems and flowers. Sometimes he even went so far as to promise to commit suicide if she marries another. When the girl succumbed to these courtship, he admitted that it was a hoax.
Surprisingly, Lermontov managed to lose in all the competitions and games in which he participated. Only the fall of an opponent saved him from death in the very first duel. Returning from exile to the Caucasus, he tossed a coin to determine where he should go - to the service or to call in Pyatigorsk. As a result, he had to go to Pyatigorsk, where he was killed by a retired cavalryman Martynov. As it turned out later, he only fired a pistol three times before this duel.
You can find many interesting facts in the biography of the writer Chekhov. As a child, he worked in his father's shop. At home, he had a tame mongoose named Bastard, whom Anton Pavlovich brought from the island of Ceylon.
As a schoolboy, he often dressed as a beggar, carefully made up and begged for alms from his own uncle. He most often did not recognize him and gave money. In general, Chekhov had a hooligan character. Once he handed the policeman pickle wrapped in paper saying it was a bomb.
There are many writers. For example, his plays and stories have made Chekhov one of the most filmed authors in the world. At the moment, directors have shot almost 300 films based on his works.
"Antonovka"
Followed him everywhere real army fangirls. When Chekhov moved to Yalta in 1898, many of his admirers immediately followed to the Crimea. Local journalists wrote that the ladies guarded the writer on the embankment, only to see their idol again, to try to somehow attract his attention. Newspapers even dubbed the girls the nickname "Antonovka".
An interesting fact about the writer Chekhov is that he often worked under a pseudonym. He had about 50 of them in total. For example, Antosha Chekhonte, Man without a spleen, Nut No. 9, Champagne, Akaki Tarantulov and many others.
Chekhov's grandfather was a serf who managed to redeem himself and his family to freedom. The writer himself refused title of nobility, which was given to him by Nicholas II in 1899. That's how many interesting factors about the biography of the writer, whose photo is in this article.
Often shocked others and Leo Tolstoy. One day he dressed as a beggar and went to his serfs to find out about their problems. They recognized him and became shy, never admitting anything. Disappointed to understand the Russian soul, Tolstoy took up the manufacture of boots, which he gave to all relatives and friends.
An interesting fact about the Russian writer is that Tolstoy took religion so seriously that some of his contemporaries even thought he was crazy. At the same time, the count himself explained his addiction to mowing and plowing by the habit of being in motion all the time. If he never went for a walk all day, then in the evening he became irritable.
There is also such an interesting fact about the books of the writer. He had a very illegible handwriting, besides, the drafts had a whole system of additions and signs that only his wife Sofya Andreevna could understand. His wife manually rewrote his novel "War and Peace" several times. Surprisingly, when the famous Italian psychiatrist Lombroso saw Tolstoy's handwriting, he declared that only a prostitute with psychopathic inclinations could write like that.
Last Journey
It is known that Tolstoy was a vegetarian, which in his time was considered strange and unnatural. At 82, Tolstoy decided to leave to wander, leaving his wife and children on the estate. IN farewell letter he confessed to his wife that he was no longer able to live in luxury, he wanted to spend last days in silence. He went wandering without any purpose, accompanied only by his doctor Dusan Makowicki. Having stopped at Optina Pustyn, he went to his niece to the south, from where he intended to get to the Caucasus. He failed to complete the journey. Tolstoy caught a cold and died in the small house of the head of the railway station called Astapovo.
Many interesting facts about writers can be gleaned from studying the biography of Dostoevsky. Fedor Mikhailovich began to show oddities since childhood. He had a closed character, and a vivid imagination only alienated him from his peers. Classmates often called him a "fool", and while studying at an engineering school, they simply called him an "idiot".
An interesting fact about the writer is that in adulthood he was prone to seizures and excessive excitability. As it turned out later, he suffered from epilepsy. Specific changes in the psyche were manifested in his excessive pettiness, pedantry, irritability, resentment, numerous fears, bouts of dreary and even angry mood.
In childhood, the sadistic inclinations of the writer, who loved to whip frogs with a walnut whip, still manifested themselves. Many prominent psychiatrists were interested in the Russian writer. Galant noted that his psychopathy is most pronounced in the field of psychosexual experiences, and Sigmund Freud argued that the tendency to perversion could lead to crime or sadomasochism.
Obsession with the game
Dostoevsky was obsessed with the game. He lost a lot of money on billiards, often met cheaters. Another strange thing about him was his anxious suspiciousness. For example, the writer never drank tea, preferring the usual warm water, and the color of the tea leaves horrified him. Like Gogol, he was worried that he could plunge into Sopor and be buried alive. In this regard, he insisted that his funeral take place no earlier than five days after the alleged death.
It is remarkable and surprising that Dostoevsky, who was actively treated for his many illnesses, never sought help for his epilepsy. The writer turned to doctors for help because of problems with the intestines, lungs, somatic disorders, and did not consider epilepsy as some kind of disease. At the same time, the attacks were very difficult for them, but he believed that only thanks to these mental disorders don't dry it out creative potential.
Telling interesting facts about writers and poets, you need to remember about the great fabulist Ivan Krylov. In addition to literature, main passion there was food. Despite his corpulence, he was the first to go to the dining room as soon as the footman announced that the table was set.
Krylov began dinner with a huge plate of pies, followed by three plates of fish soup, veal cutlets, roast turkey, cucumbers, plums and cloudberries. I ate it all with apples, and in the end it was taken on a Strasbourg pate made from butter, goose liver and truffles. Having mastered several plates, he drank kvass, and completed the dinner with two glasses of coffee with a lot of cream.
Many of his acquaintances recalled that the main bliss in life for Krylov was precisely in food. At the same time, by the way, it is not true that the fabulist died of intestinal volvulus due to overeating. In fact, death came from extensive pneumonia.
The prose writer Kuprin also surprised many. For example, few people know that he preferred to work completely naked. At the same time, he was famous for his incredible flair. His acquaintances even joked that he was more of a beast than a man. And the ladies were often offended when Kuprin began to sniff them persistently. Once the writer impressed a noble French perfumer with his flair, telling in detail all the components of the fragrance he made.
They say that one of their most famous works(the story "Duel") the writer did not accidentally break off so suddenly. Instead of a logical ending, the ending is a short report. His wife demanded that he hand over the manuscript and did not let him out of the office. Kuprin really wanted to drink, so he finished the work in haste.
