Russian people - East Slavic ethnic group , is the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. According to various sources in the world lives from 129 to 160 million people. Russian diaspora is huge and concentrated in the countries of the former USSR: in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Moldova and other countries. 86% of Russians live in their historical homeland - in Russia. Two-thirds of the Russian population are adherents Orthodox Christianity. National language- Russian.
The origins of the Russian people
People related by origin: and. Assumptions about the origin of the Russian people some. Here are the most famous:
1. Danubian theory.
The chronicler Nestor worked diligently on the compilation of The Tale of Bygone Years. The author determined the territory of the settlement of the Slavic tribes along the Danube. Subsequently, the historians Klyuchevsky and Solovyov developed the chronicler's version. Many linguists and researchers still adhere to this theory.
2. Scythian theory.
The outstanding Russian genius Mikhail Lomonosov adhered to the Scythian-Sarmatian version of the origin of the Russian people. In his work "Ancient Russian history» Lomonosov pointed out that the Russian people was formed as a result of mixing Slavic tribes and the Finno-Ugric tribe. According to the historian, pagan beliefs our ancestors have much in common with ancient culture.
3. Baltic theory
The hypothesis about the origin of Russians is based on DNA research various peoples. According to the scientist Hellenthal, the roots of the Russian population are certainly connected with the trans-Baltic peoples and migration. Altai peoples. Aleksey Shakhmatov also calls the territory of the Neman and the Western Dvina the ancestral home of the Russians.
Nuances of Russian culture
Russian culture- this is an immense layer, consisting of centuries-old traditions and bright rituals, unshakable spiritual values, a specific manner of lifestyle, everyday habits. That very Pushkinian “Russian spirit” is acquired by a person born in the expanses of our Motherland. Russian man- This strong in spirit personality. breadth of soul, simplicity, kindness characterize the Russian ethnic group. Throughout history, the Russian people have experienced colossal trials: wars, famine, devastation, natural disasters, enslavement by the Tatar-Mongol yoke. A stern disposition, a simplified attitude to everyday difficulties, diligence and a lack of fear of the enemy characterized the Russian people in the Middle Ages. Mysterious Russian soul modern man not immediately revealed to strangers.
Pride of Russian culture is a legacy famous artists and writers, composers and architects. Such names as Pushkin, Tolstoy, Shishkin and Levitan, Tchaikovsky and Glinka pop up at lightning speed when it comes to Russian geniuses. But not only in creativity, but also in other fundamental areas, whether it be medicine, military affairs or rocket science, Russians will proudly add to the list of eminent world personalities.
ancestral traditions
In the modern way of life of a Russian person, of course, much has changed. High-speed cars, household comfort, glossy clothes, trendy gadgets have penetrated into every home. However, and this is fortunately, at the most significant moments for a Russian person, he returns to the incorruptible Slavic traditions and rites.
Russian wedding certainly begins with matchmaking, and the festivities still contain elements ancient traditions: ransom of the bride, family loaf, gifting the young. Baptismal and funeral rites have hardly changed. In many families, farewell to the deceased still follows ancient traditions (hanging mirrors, funeral rite, funeral food). The cohesion of the Russians was manifested not only during sad events, but also in holding folk festivals.
It is still widely celebrated Maslenitsa. The tradition of burning an effigy, the ritual of forgiveness of offenses and eating delicious pancakes. Among church holidays most revered among Russians are Christmas And Easter. In winter, the children have fun, walking from house to house and singing carols. For the glorification of Christ, children receive sweets and money from the owners. For Easter, fragrant Easter cake and colored eggs will be prepared in every house. The tradition of visiting cemeteries these days, remembering departed relatives and friends, has not been eradicated.
Now there are a huge number of versions and hypotheses about the origin of the Russian people and the first centuries of our history. Which one is true is impossible to say. It is only clear that Russian history is much more ancient than the Norman historians believed. Even in pre-revolutionary times, attention was paid to the fact that the term Rus' is mentioned much before the start rule of Rurik in Novgorod. In the same way, the question remains unclear who the Rus were and what they had to do with the Slavic tribes known from the first century of our era. Indeed, even in relatively recent times Prophetic Oleg the difference between the Slavs and the Rus is emphasized by the chroniclers. Option one: the Rus are Slavs. Then the question is, is the Rus a separate genus, tribe or the name of people of a certain profession, like, for example, the later ushkuiniki?
Option two: the Rus are not Slavs. Then who? Germans? Perhaps, but not a fact.
Historians have counted in historical materials at least four direct and eight indirect indications that before Kievan Rus there was a certain state called Russian, headed by a kagan. This Turkic title denotes the sole head of a large state and corresponds to the European title of emperor. This emphasizes that the Russian Khaganate was an independent and rather powerful entity, capable of independently determining its policy. However, its exact location is still unknown. Some researchers believe that he was in the north of the East European Plain, some scientists believe that this state was located in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov.
According to E.S. Galkina (book "Secrets of the Russian Khaganate"), the center of this state was in the upper reaches of the Os-Kol, Seversky Donets and Don rivers. The Russian historian and philosopher Sergei Perevezentsev calls this state Alanian Russia and sees its origins in the Don. Donetsk historian and publicist Aleksey Ivanov calls it the Russian Khaganate and outlines the borders of this state along the line Seversky Donets - Don - Sea of Azov in the southeast and the Dnieper in the west. The modern capital of Ukraine was also part of this civilization.
For a long time, the version dominated that it was not a separate state, but part of the Khazar Khaganate. This assumption played a fatal role in the study of this civilization. IN Soviet time historical science Khazar Khaganate almost never studied. Naturally, no one has studied the history associated with our territory. The Russian Khaganate is not studied in independent Ukraine either. But in Russia, articles and whole books are devoted to this state. Even in pre-revolutionary times, they paid attention to the fact that the term "Rus" was mentioned much earlier than the beginning of Rurik's reign in Novgorod.
Comparing all available historical data with archaeological finds, we come to the conclusion that only the Saltov-Mayatsky archaeological culture can be the Russian Khaganate.
It was one of the most urbanized states early medieval. Now 25 cities have been excavated, in some of which up to a hundred thousand people lived. For that time, this was a huge population, because Paris at that time had only twenty thousand inhabitants, and Kyiv, even in the 11th century, had no more than forty thousand people. The cities of the Russian Khaganate were centers of trade and crafts. Pottery, jewelry and metallurgy were especially developed. The Russian Khaganate was a trading and military state through which important trade routes passed from northern Europe to Byzantium and Asian countries. For example, one of them started on the southern coast of the Baltic, then went along the Dnieper, Seversky Donets, Don and ended in the North Caucasus. Another important trade artery that the Rus controlled was everything famous way"From the Varangians to the Greeks". In addition, the Russian Khaganate had access to the sea and was active maritime trade. The main export commodities were weapons, jewelry and slaves. Such activity could not but irritate the Khazar Khaganate, another military-trading state that sought to control trade routes. Apparently, relations between the two Khaganates were very tense. Apparently, parity was maintained for a certain time, and the border passed along the Don.
According to archeology, this culture of the kaganate was mixed Alano-Slavic-Turkic. At first (from the VI to the beginning of the VIII century), the Alanian component dominated. The Alans are an Indo-Aryan Iranian-speaking people, descendants of the Sarmatians and ancestors of modern Ossetians. It should be noted that our region for a long time was in the area of settlement of Iranian tribes. At first it was the Scythians, then the Sarmatians, Roxolans, Yases, Alans. It was from those times that the root “don”, meaning “river”, remained in our language in the names of water sources. So the names Don, Sevsrsky Donets came to us from time immemorial. Then the territory of the forest-steppe strip (now the northern part of the Donbass) began to be populated by the Slavs. At the same time, the Iranians were moving deep into the Slavic lands. There is a symbiosis of Iranians and Slavs, and the Khaganate can be called a Slavic-Iranian state. In addition, the Khaganate was inhabited by Bulgars, Ases and even people from Scandinavia. By the end of the existence of the Russian Khaganate, the Slavs constituted the dominant part of its population. And most importantly, they had a high social status. This can be judged by the fact that the found Slavic burials are, as a rule, rich graves.
Now, perhaps, it is worth considering the origin of the term Rus, Russian. Root "rus" - Indo-European origin and means "light, white". It retained this meaning in the language to this day. For example, in the words "fairy-haired", "fair-haired", "hare-hare" and so on. In addition, this term denoted a noble or dominant family. It is quite natural that two branches of the Indo-Europeans, the Iranians and the Slavs, equally used this word. Perhaps the spread of the self-name of "Saltovtsy" as "Rus", "Rus" is associated with the name of the current Seversky Donets, which, according to the Arabic source "Khudua-al-Alam", was called the river Rus, that is, a bright or clean river. Perhaps, from the name of the river, the inhabitants of the kaganate began to call themselves that. There is a version that the kaganate got its name from the Alanian people of the Rukhs, descendants of the Sarmatian tribe of Roxalans (Light Alans) and Ases.
Probably, the Rus were not originally Slavs, but were assimilated by the Slavs, leaving them their name. This is not the only such case in history. Recall at least the Bulgarians, Slavic people, which received a name from a tribe of nomadic Turks.
The Russian Khaganate perished in the thirties of the ninth century, when its territory was captured by the Magyars (Hungarians), who roamed here until the end of the ninth century, and then went west. After the defeat of the kaganate, part of the remaining population moved north into the forests and assimilated among the Slavic tribe of the northerners. Perhaps, thanks to this, the toponymy of our region has been preserved. Part of the fugitives moved to the Dnieper region under the protection of the surviving Kyiv.
But the fate of the third group of immigrants from the kaganate is especially interesting. They were probably the remnants of a professional squad. They ended their campaign in the Baltic. Some researchers believe that they new home became the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, some historians claim that the Rus settled in Prussia, where they, together with local tribes, form tribal union, which is called Russia. In addition, there is a version about the island of Saaremaa as a new haven for the Rus. Be that as it may, all researchers agree that the new state was in the Baltics. In it time is running active development by the Slavs of these territories. They needed an ally in the new lands. Naturally, they drew attention to the tribal formation, close to them in language and culture. So, perhaps, Rus Rurik, invited with his retinue to Novgorod, was not a Scandinavian, but a native of the Russian Khaganate.
If our reconstruction of the history of the Russian Khaganate is based on archeology, hypotheses and disparate historical information, then Rurik is a historical figure. His closest associate was Prophetic Oleg. We usually derive this name from Scandinavian name Heleg, although it is more logical to derive it from the Iranian Khaleg (creator, creator, prince). Oleg, having become regent in 879 under the young son of Rurik Igor, organizes a campaign to the south along the Dnieper. In 882, Oleg actually captured Kyiv without a fight. It was then that the words “Kyiv is the mother of Russian cities” were uttered. Agree, it sounds more than strange if, following the Norman historians, Oleg is considered a Scandinavian. But if Oleg, like the people of Kiev, comes from the Russian Khaganate, then his act is logical. The prophetic prince proclaimed the beginning of the revival of his ancient state, but already with the capital in Kyiv. By the way, the Kiev people perceive the arrival of Oleg without much indignation. There were no riots or unrest. But when Rurik began to reign in Novgorod, there was an uprising of Vadim the Brave.
After being approved in Kyiv, Oleg established his control over the tribes of the northerners and Radimichi, who had previously paid tribute to the Khazars. That is, Oleg gathered around Kyiv just those Slavic tribes, who most closely contacted the Russian Khaganate. Through the efforts of the Prophetic Oleg, at the beginning of the tenth century, a new state is formed, which unites the lands of the Russian Khaganate and receives the former name of Rus, and its ruler calls himself a Khagan. This title ceased to be used only under Yaroslav the Wise.
Prince Svyatoslav completed what Oleg had started by making a victorious campaign against Khazaria in 965. He not only destroyed this state, but also began to revive the Russian Khaganate through a new Slavic colonization of lands along the Don and Donets, the center of which was the former Khazar city of Sar-Kel, renamed by Svyatoslav into Belaya Vezha (vezha - tower). He is trying to resettle the Slavs there, but the situation was already different. Pecheneg nomads come to our steppes from the Trans-Volga region. After they were defeated in the thirties of the eleventh century, the Polovtsy came to their place. By the way, Vladimir Monomakh made two dozen campaigns in the steppes, where the Russian Khaganate was located, literally clearing them of nomads. So the princes of Kievan Rus did not forget about their ancestral home. But Kievan Rus had already entered a period of fragmentation, and the great princes did not have the strength to keep their southern possessions. Most of the Slavs during the time of Vladimir Monomakh moved back to Kievan Rus. The rest were partially slaughtered by the Polovtsy, who took Belaya Vezha by storm in 1117, and partially moved to Tmutarakan. A small part of the Slavs, united with representatives neighboring nations(Alans and Turks), became the ancestors of wanderers - free warriors who led the same way of life as the Cossacks four hundred years later.
So, let's sum up. The Russian Khaganate was the first proto-state in relation to which the term "Russian" was used. The legacy of this state subsequently had a serious impact on both Rus' and the states formed on its territory. A lot of elements from the Russian Khaganate passed into Russian state. This is both the title of rulers and the gods of Iranian origin in the pantheon Slavic gods, and numerous words with an Iranian root in our language.
Russian Khaganate and Yarova Rus
Fascinating lectures by V. Chudinov about recent expeditions and new discoveries… Demonstration and decoding of inscriptions on objects found by archaeologists in the Russian Khaganate, on the territory of Wagria, Scandia and Slavic Rus'… Chudinov Valeriy Alekseevich Doctor philosophical sciences, Professor of the State University of Management, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Chairman of the Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the culture of ancient and medieval Rus', Director of the Center for Ancient Slavic writing and culture, writer...
Russian blood in global politics
IN Lately the “Russian theme”, which is actively used in the political plane, has become very relevant. The press and television are full of speeches on this subject, as a rule, muddy and contradictory. Who says that the Russian people does not exist at all, who considers only the Orthodox to be Russian, who includes in this concept all those who speak Russian, and so on. Meanwhile, science has already given completely definite answer to this question.
The scientific data below is a terrible secret. Formally, these data are not classified, since they were obtained by American scientists outside the field of defense research, and even published in some places, but organized around them CONSPIRACY silence is unprecedented. The nuclear project at its initial stage cannot even be compared, then something still leaked into the press, and in this case - nothing at all.
What is this terrible secret, the mention of which is a worldwide taboo?
This the mystery of the origin and historical path of the Russian people.
Why information is hidden, more on that later. First, briefly about the essence of the discovery of American geneticists. There are 46 chromosomes in human DNA, half inherited from the father and half from the mother. Of the 23 chromosomes received from the father, the only one - the male Y chromosome - contains a set of nucleotides that has been passed from generation to generation without any changes for thousands of years. Geneticists call this set haplogroup. Every man living now has exactly the same haplogroup in his DNA as his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather, and so on for many generations.
Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic home not only to the east, to the Urals, and to the south, to India and Iran, but also to the west, to where European countries. In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, the owners of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 constitute 57% the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40% , in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18% , In Bulgaria - 12% , and in England the least - 3% .
Unfortunately, there is no ethnogenetic information on the European tribal aristocracy yet, and therefore it is impossible to determine whether the share of ethnic Russians is evenly distributed over all social strata of the population or, as in India and, presumably, in Iran, the Aryans were nobility in those lands where they came . The only reliable evidence for latest version was a by-product of a genetic examination to establish the authenticity of the remains of the family of Nicholas II. The Y-chromosomes of the tsar and heir Alexei turned out to be identical to samples taken from their relatives from the English royal family. And this means that at least one royal house of Europe, namely the house of the German Hohenzollern, of which the English Windsors are a branch, has Aryan roots.
However, Western Europeans (haplogroup R1b) in any case are our closest relatives, oddly enough, much closer than the northern Slavs (haplogroup N) and southern Slavs (haplogroup I1b). Our common ancestor with Western Europeans lived about 13 thousand years ago, at the end ice age, thousand five years before gathering began to develop into crop production, and hunting into cattle breeding. That is, in a very gray-haired Kamennovoe antiquity. And the Slavs by blood are even further away from us.
The settlement of Russian-Aryans to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further north, and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became the biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group, Indo-European. That's almost all European languages, some languages of modern Iran and India and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other in terms of obvious reason- in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian) they stand next to the primary source, the Aryan proto-language, from which all other Indo-European languages have grown.
The foregoing is irrefutable natural-science facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Challenging them is like disagreeing with the results of a blood test in a clinic. They are not disputed. They are just hushed up. They are hushing up together and stubbornly, they are hushing up, one might say, totally. And there are reasons for that.
The first such reason is quite trivial and comes down to scientific pseudo-solidarity. Too many theories, concepts and scientific reputations will have to be refuted if they are revised in the light of the latest discoveries of ethnogenetics.
For example, it will be necessary to rethink everything that is known about Tatar-Mongolian invasion to Rus'. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population. But they are not! Solid R1a1 and nothing else amazing purity of blood. This means that the Horde that came to Rus' was not at all what it is customary to think about it, if the Mongols were present there, then in a statistically insignificant number, and who was called "Tatars" is not at all clear. Well, which of the scientists will refute the scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!
No one wants to spoil relations with colleagues and be branded as an extremist, destroying established myths. In academia, this happens all the time - if the facts do not match the theory, so much the worse for the facts.
The second reason, which is incomparably more weighty, belongs to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.
Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of Russians as barbarians who had recently climbed down from the Christmas trees, backward by nature and incapable of constructive work. And suddenly it turns out that Russians are the same arias, which had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and in Europe itself. What exactly Europeans owe Russians very many in their prosperous life, starting with the languages they speak. What is no coincidence in recent history third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon and then Hitler. And so on.
It is no coincidence that behind all this there is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges. Manifested with iron inevitability due to the fact that it has grown on a material, biological basis in the form Russian blood, which has remained unchanged for four and a half millennia.
Western politicians and ideologists have something to think about in order to make their policy towards Russia more adequate in the light of discovered by geneticists historical circumstances. But they do not want to think and change anything, hence the conspiracy of silence around the Russian-Aryan theme. However, the Lord is with them and with their ostrich policy. Much more important for us is the fact that ethnogenetics brings a lot of new things to the Russian situation proper.
In this regard, the main thing lies in the very statement of the existence of the Russian people as a biologically integral and genetically homogeneous entity. The main thesis of the Russophobic propaganda of the Bolsheviks and the current liberals lies precisely in the denial of this fact. The scientific community is dominated by the idea formulated lion Gumilyov in his theory of ethnogenesis: "from a mixture of Alans, Ugrians, Slavs and Turks, the Great Russian nationality developed". The "national leader" repeats the commonplace "scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar." And so on.
Why do the enemies of the Russian nation need this?
The answer is obvious. If the Russian people as such do not exist, but there is some kind of amorphous "mixture", then anyone can manage this "mixture" - even the Germans, even the African pygmies, even the Martians. The denial of the biological existence of the Russian people is an ideological substantiation of the domination of the non-Russian "elite" in Russia, earlier Soviet, now liberal.
But here the Americans intervene with their genetics, and it turns out that there is no “mixture”, that the Russian people have existed unchanged for four and a half thousand years, that the Alans with the Turks and many others also live in Russia, but these are separate original peoples and etc. And the question immediately arises: why, then, have non-Russians ruled Russia for almost a century? Illogical and wrong Russians should be ruled by Russians.
Similarly, the Czech Jan Hus, a professor at the University of Prague, argued six hundred years ago: "... Czechs in the Kingdom of Bohemia, by law and by the demand of nature, should be the first in positions, just like the French in France and the Germans in their lands". His statement was considered politically incorrect, intolerant, inciting ethnic hatred, and the professor was burned at the stake.
Now morals have softened, professors are not burned, but so that people do not have the temptation to succumb to the Hussite logic, in Russia non-Russian authorities simply “cancelled” the Russian people- a mixture, they say. And everything would be fine, but the Americans jumped out from somewhere with their analyzes and ruined the whole thing. There is nothing to cover them with, it remains only to hush up the scientific results, which is done to the hoarse sounds of an old and hackneyed Russophobic propaganda record.
The collapse of the myth about the Russian people as an ethnic "mixture" automatically destroys another myth - the myth of Russia's "multinationality". Until now, they tried to present the ethno-demographic structure of our country as a vinaigrette from a Russian “mixture”, you won’t understand why, and many indigenous peoples and alien diasporas. With such a structure, all its components are approximately equal in size, so Russia is allegedly "multinational".
But genetic research give a very different picture. If you believe the Americans (and there are no reasons not to believe them, they are authoritative scientists, they tremble in reputation, and they have no reason to lie - in such a pro-Russian way), then it turns out that 70% of the entire male population of Russia are purebred Russians. According to the penultimate census (the results of the latter are not yet known), Russians include themselves 80% of those surveyed, that is, 10% more, are Russified representatives of other peoples (it is precisely among these 10% , if you "scrape", you will find non-Russian roots). AND 20% accounts for the remaining 170-odd peoples, nationalities and tribes living in the territory Russian Federation. In summary, Russia is a mono-ethnic, albeit multi-ethnic, country with an overwhelming demographic majority of natural Russians. It is here that the logic of Jan Hus begins to work.
More about backwardness. Churchmen thoroughly had a hand in this myth - they say, before the baptism of Rus', people lived in it in complete savagery. Wow wildness! They mastered half the world, built great civilizations, taught the natives their language, and all this long before the birth of Christ ... It doesn’t fit, in any way does not fit real story with her church version. There is in the Russian people something primordial, natural, religious life not reducible.
Of course, one cannot put an equal sign between biology and the social sphere. Between them, of course, there are points of contact, but how one goes into another, how the material becomes ideal, science does not know. In any case, it is clear that under the same conditions different nations have different character vital activity.
In the north-east of Europe, in addition to Russians, many peoples lived and now live. But none of them created anything even remotely similar to great Russian civilization. The same applies to other places of civilizational activity of Russian-Aryans in antiquity. natural conditions everywhere they are different, and the ethnic environment is different, therefore the civilizations built by our ancestors are not the same, but there is something in common for all of them - they are great in terms of the historical scale of values and far exceed the achievements of their neighbors.
father of dialectics ancient greek Heraclitus is known as the author of the saying "everything flows, everything changes." Less well known is the continuation of this phrase of his: "except human soul» . While a person is alive, his soul remains unchanged (what happens to it in afterlife, not for us to judge). The same is true for more complex shape organization of living matter than man for the people. folk soul unchanged as long as the body of the people is alive. The Russian folk body is marked by nature by a special sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that controls this body. This means that as long as people with a haplogroup exist on earth R1a1 in the Y-chromosome, their people keep their soul intact.
Language evolves, culture develops, religious beliefs change, and Russian soul remains the same as all four and a half millennia of the existence of the people in its current genetic form. And together, the body and soul, which make up a single biosocial entity under the name "Russian people", have a natural ability to great accomplishments of a civilizational scale. The Russian people have repeatedly demonstrated this in the past, this potential is preserved in the present and will always exist as long as the people are alive.
It is very important to know this and, through the prism of knowledge, evaluate current events, words and actions of people, determine one’s own place in the history of the great biosocial phenomenon called "Russian nation". Knowledge of the history of the people obliges a person to try to be at the level of the great achievements of his ancestors, and this is the most terrible thing for the enemies of the Russian nation. That is why they try to hide this knowledge. And we're trying to make it public.
I am Russian by nationality because my parents are Russian. My family consists of 5 people. Grandma, mom, dad, me and brother. And before Russian families were big. For example, each of my grandmothers had 8 people in the family, five of them were children.
Families
We live in the city in a comfortable apartment. And before, the mostly Russian population lived in villages and villages in wooden huts and was engaged in agriculture. I know that my grandmother's relatives lived in the village of Atkino, Vadinsky district, Penza region. And my grandfather's relatives still live in the village of Kuvaka, Kamensky district. I was there and tried the Kuvaka water, which has been known since ancient times.
Life
The houses always had a Russian stove, which was heated with firewood to heat the hut. They cooked food on it and, moreover, it was possible to sleep on it. Water was carried from the well in wooden buckets. In this case, a rocker was often used. The hut had a wooden table and benches. There was also a spinning wheel, threads were spun on it, and then they wove (made fabric from threads) and sewed clothes. The dishes were wooden, earthenware or cast iron. And, of course, there was a copper samovar in the house, at which everyone gathered for tea. big family. I have seen all these items in local history museum. I sat on a bench at the table and even tried on a Russian costume.
Cloth Russian nationality Lesson report
Russian folk men's suit comprises wide pants, a long shirt with a slanting collar, which was worn loose with a belt, a headdress - a cap - a bit like a cap. They used to wear bast shoes or boots on their feet. Women wore a long shirt, and over it a sundress. Women used to wear a kokoshnik on their heads or go without a headdress, and their hair was always long, and they braided it into braids.
Previously, the main man in the family was always the one who worked and fed the whole family, and women did not work, but were engaged in raising children and housework, and were completely dependent on men. Therefore, the boys were immediately brought up in strictness and from an early age they were taught to work. And now both mom and dad work in our family.
Even in Russian villages, it was customary on holidays to sing songs and ditties to the accordion, and play Russian games: tag, bast shoes, hide and seek, a stream, etc. I also learned about this in the local history museum and even played some games at the Night in museum".
My favorite Russian dishes are pancakes, cabbage soup, porridge, and okroshka. And my dad is very fond of dumplings and the Russian drink kvass.
I am proud that I have Russian nationality Lesson report
Russians are the people, the main population of the Russian Federation (119865.9 thousand people), the most numerous of the Slavic tribes. Outside the Russian Federation, they live in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Moldova, Estonia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Lithuania, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Armenia, as well as in the USA, Canada, Western European countries, etc. The language is Russian eastern group Slavic languages Indo-European family languages. Writing based on the Russian alphabet, which goes back to the Cyrillic alphabet. Believers are mostly Orthodox. Russians, like Ukrainians and Belarusians, descended from the ancient Russian people (9-13 centuries), formed from East Slavic tribes in the process of disintegration of tribal relations and the creation Old Russian state around Kiev. According to many researchers, the name of the Russians goes back to the name of one of the Slavic tribes - Rhodi, Ross, or Rus. Along with the ancient self-name in the 19th - early 20th centuries. the name Great Russians, or Great Russians, was used. The formation of the Russian, or Great Russian, people took place in a fierce struggle against the hardest Mongol-Tatar yoke and during the creation centralized state around Moscow in the 14th-15th centuries. In the 16-17 centuries. the borders of the Russian state expanded significantly; at this time, the Russians began to populate the Lower Volga region, the Urals, North Caucasus and Siberia. In the 18-19 centuries. further expansion of the borders of the state was accompanied by the resettlement of Russians in the Baltic, Black Sea, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, on Far East. The Russians came into close contact with the peoples living here, exerted economic and cultural influence and themselves perceived the achievements of their culture and economic skills. At the beginning of the 20th century, a new state was created on the ruins of the Russian Empire v Soviet Union bringing together many different nationalities. most numerous nation however, the Russians remained. In 1991, the USSR ceased to exist. Due to the specific conditions of development in different regions of the country, among Russians by the middle of the 19th century. formed a number of ethnographic groups. The largest of them, differing in dialects of the language ("okaying" and "okaying") and features in buildings, clothing, some rituals, etc., are the northern and southern Great Russians. The connecting link between them is the Middle Great Russian group, which occupies central District- part of the Volga-Oka interfluve (with Moscow) and the Volga region; it has both northern and southern Great Russian features in language and culture. Smaller ethnographic groups Russians - Pomors (on the coast of the White Sea), Meshchera (in the northern part of the Ryazan region), various groups of Cossacks and their descendants (on the rivers Don, Kuban, Ural, Terek, as well as in Siberia); Old Believer groups - "Poles" (in Altai), Semey (in Transbaikalia), "masons" (on the Bukhtarma River in Kazakhstan); special groups are Russians on Far North(along the rivers Anadyr, Indigirka, Kolyma), which adopted many features of the surrounding peoples. At present, these ethnographic groups have largely lost their unique features, for a number of historical and political reasons.
