About 1500 people live on our planet. different peoples, which have their own individual names that distinguish them forrug from a friend. But in addition to official names, many peoples also have nicknames given to them at one time by their friends, neighbors or, conversely, opponents. Of course, they are not mentioned in international treaties and other important documents.

Each of these nicknames, sometimes mockingly joking, sometimes sarcastically offensive, has its own history and its own destiny. Some of them are known only to historians, while others, on the contrary, exist to this day.

Some nicknames even became official names peoples in the languages ​​in which they originated. Everything depends on the historical situation that contributed to their appearance, and further relations between peoples.

Where did the barbarians come from?

The appearance of the first national nicknames dates back to ancient times. Even the ancient Greeks, and later the Romans, used the word "barbarians" in relation to the peoples surrounding them. They were called peoples belonging to different ethnic groups and speaking in different languages: Slavs, Germans, Celts and many others. For Greece and Rome with their developed culture these peoples looked very backward. And their language was incomprehensible.

It seemed to the Greeks and Romans that, while communicating with each other, they utter some strange sounds - “var-var”. Hence the nickname, which has existed for many centuries. Later, this word lost its original meaning and became a household word. Now it means a rude, ignorant person who destroys what was created by the labor of others, regardless of his nationality.

Who are the freaks?

arose national nicknames and in Rus'. In the second half of the 15th century, on the initiative of Grand Duke Ivan III in Russian state many foreigners came, mainly from southern Europe, mainly from Italy. These were architects, engineers, gunsmiths and other craftsmen. Here the Italians received the nickname "fryagi", "fryazi" or "fryaziny".

This word was borrowed with some distortion from the Serbian language, where it meant "Latins", that is, Catholics. Accordingly, any item of Italian import was designated by the word "fryazhsky". In the official documents of that time, the nickname “Fryazin” was added to the names of the Italian masters, with which many of them went down in history.

How did the Germans become Germans?

Pronouncing the words "German", "German", we do not even think about their origin. And it has its own interesting history, also dating back to the Middle Ages. In addition to the Italians, who received “their” nickname, residents of other countries also came to us. European countries. These were diplomats, merchants and craftsmen different professions. Naturally, immediately upon arrival, none of them knew Russian and could not communicate with the local population without an interpreter.

Having met a foreigner on the street and asked him some question, a Russian person did not receive any answer from him. So the opinion appeared that all foreigners are dumb and cannot speak. That's why they called them Germans. Moreover, this concept included not only the inhabitants of Germany, but also the Dutch, the British and many others. Gradually, this word began to designate precisely the Germans, and it established itself in the Russian language as a generally accepted norm.

Boches, Fritz and Hans.

Nicknames appeared in more late time. Especially "got" the same Germans, who were often given contemptuous nicknames by other nations. In the 19th century, Prussia - the largest German state - often waged wars with its neighbors. France was one of the main targets of its aggression. The evil-tongued French came up with a nickname for their opponents. They disparagingly called them bosses.

This word also existed in the 20th century, especially during the two world wars unleashed by Germany. During the First World War, Russia also had to face the Germans in a military confrontation. And in Russian, it was not long before another nickname for them appeared - Fritz. This word comes from one of the common names in Germany, which can be both independent and diminutive of the name Friedrich.

This nickname of the Germans became especially popular in 1941, when Germany again attacked now on Soviet Union. There was at that time another nickname - Hans, also derived from the common German name. However, now these nicknames, which are not very pleasant for the German people, are already a thing of the past, and our countries have maintained friendly relations for many years.

Chub against beard.

Anything can be the basis for the appearance of national nicknames. Some features of the appearance of people can become an occasion. The most famous is a kind of "exchange" of nicknames between two fraternal Slavic peoples- Russian and Ukrainian.

At one time, the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks shaved their heads, leaving a forelock in front, which the Russians called "khokhol". The carriers of such a hairstyle themselves were also called Khokhols, and from them the nickname passed to all crests in general. Of course, they did not remain in debt and also came up with a nickname for the Russians, associated with their appearance.

Unlike Ukrainians, Russians wore beards, which gave the first reason to call them katsaps. In Ukrainian, the word "tsap" means a goat, which, as you know, has a "beard". The Ukrainian phrase "yak tsap" literally meant "like a goat". Later it was transformed into the well-known word "katsap". Both of these nicknames have long become comic, and people with a sense of humor are not offended by them.

There is another nickname for Russians in Ukraine, which has a more negative connotation - Muscovites. Naturally, it comes from the name of the capital of Russia. Initially, this was the name of the officials who, after the unification of Ukraine with the Russian state, came there to establish new orders. Then this nickname began to be called all Russians. It is in this meaning, and extremely dismissive, that it still exists in the west of Ukraine.

Potatoes, pasta and frogs.

Finally, some nicknames originated from the characteristics of a particular national cuisine. It is known that in Italy one of the favorite national dishes is pasta. "Good" neighbors immediately responded to this fact, calling the Italians pasta. However, this does not prevent residents of all countries of the world from visiting numerous Italian restaurants and eating spaghetti with pleasure.

The French were not left without a nickname, in national cuisine which some types of frogs are used. They became known as frogs. True, the French themselves are not very pleased with this nickname. Moreover, in French cuisine there are enough other dishes from a variety of products.

With regard to the nickname, the Belarusians were the most fortunate. Their cuisine has a wide variety of delicious meals from potatoes, which are rich in Belarusian land. In Belarusian, potatoes are called "bulba". So the Belarusians were nicknamed by their neighbors - Russians and Ukrainians - Bulbash. However, Belarusian people not offended at all by such a nickname. Cheerful, good-natured and hospitable Bulbash has long become something of an unofficial symbol of Belarus.

In russian language.

Abrek - Chechen, Dagestan, in a broad sense, a representative of any nation North Caucasus male. Among the Caucasians themselves - a mountaineer-outcast.

Azer, aizer - Azerbaijani.

Azeri is also one of the self-names of Azerbaijanis, probably originating from the name of the disappeared Indo-European language a northwestern subgroup of Iranian languages ​​that existed on the territory of Southern Iranian Azerbaijan presumably until the 17th century.

Amerikos, Amer, Pindos(this word originally denoted the Greeks) - an American.

Ara is Armenian (does not carry an offensive connotation).

Afro-ass, afro-ass, afro-black-ass- black person. It arose as a sharply negative reaction to the politically correct "African American".

An Afro-Russian is a Negro living in Russia.

Baibak is the nickname of the Karelians or the inhabitants of Karelia in general. It has a contemptuous connotation, hints at the negative qualities inherent in the steppe marmot - laziness, stupidity.

Basurman (Busurman, Busarman, Basurmanin, Busarmanin)- in the old days in Rus': a Tatar, a person of a different religion, mainly from the East. Initially, the nickname has a religious meaning: "basurman" - obviously, a distorted "Muslim" - that is, a non-believer.

Biralyukas (bralyukas)- Lithuanians. Origin from "brolis" - "brother", "brolyukas" - "brother".

Bulbash (from Bel. Bulba - "potato") - Belarusian.

Hans is German.

Guran - usually used in relation to the descendants of mixed marriages of Russians and Buryats in Transbaikalia, also to the Transbaikal Cossacks. It came from the name of a male roe deer, which is one of the main game animals in Transbaikalia. Gurans in Transbaikalia have a special "brotherly" (semi-Mongoloid) appearance, thick black hair, wide cheekbones and swarthy skin, and also speak a special, Transbaikalian dialect of the Russian language.

The Jew is a Jew.

Beast, animal (came out of thieves' jargon) - a contemptuous nickname for visitors mainly from Transcaucasia or from Central Asia, less often - from the North Caucasus.

Labus (Hans) - Latvians. Comes from the Lithuanian greeting "labas", "laba diena" - "good afternoon"

Lyakh (obsolete) - Pole.

The frog is French.

Lapps are Saami.

Myrk, Moor - a derogatory nickname for uncultured, uncouth, rude people in Kyrgyzstan. Synonym - "cattle". The nickname is used by the population living in the capital of Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek in relation to rural residents.

Pasta is Italian.

Mambet - formerly widespread male name, derived from the word "Mahambet" Kazakh pronunciation of the word "Muhammad". It is used both by the non-Kazakh population and by urban Kazakhs in relation to rural Kazakhs or recent immigrants from the village. A priori, a Kazakh who does not speak Russian well is considered a mambet in Kazakhstan.

Muscovites - Russians (outdated).

Non-Russian - used disparagingly in relation to anyone who is not Russian.

Ниггер - заимствованное из США оскорбительное наименование чернокожего.

Pindos (sometimes "pendos") - from about the 19th century in the Russian Empire, as now in the south of Russia and Ukraine, as well as in Kazakhstan, are Greeks. However, it is now increasingly used in relation to Americans.

Psheki (pshek) - Poles. It arose due to the "hissing" nature of Polish speech.

Russians, Rusapets, Russians- outdated self-name of Russians.

Samoyeds (obsolete) - Nenets.

Seldyuk is a Siberian nickname, roughly the same as chaldon.

Fritz is the name of the Germans. Origin - shortened form of the name "Friedrich"

Tungus (outdated) - Evenks.

Narrow-eyed is a disrespectful nickname for the Mongoloids (Chinese, Koreans, Vietnamese, etc.).

Khach, Khachik - Armenian (in last years mistakenly any native of the North Caucasus and the Transcaucasian countries).

Chaplashka is a Tatar (approx. in Tatarstan).

Chah (i) (obsolete) - Czech.

Black-assed (from hair color or dark skin) - absolute brunettes, people from the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East. It is a kind of backronym for the American Wog, which is also used to refer to residents from the Middle East, Southern Europe and the Balkans: Italians, Moroccans, Latin Americans, Macedonians, Greeks or Spaniards. The nickname, originally referring to blacks, has now mostly been transferred to black-haired or dark-skinned foreigners.

Black:

The first meaning (from hair color or swarthy skin) is a pejorative designation by the predominantly Russian population of representatives of the Transcaucasus, Central Asia and the Middle East. In Russia, this term has a different meaning in contrast to the United States, that is, people are meant not literally “black”, but precisely “black-haired”, brunettes, people who are Caucasian in their type, but still with skin slightly darker than that of northern Europeans. This nickname denotes Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tajiks, Moldovans, etc.

The second meaning (according to skin color) is the same as African Americans, Negroes, blacks belonging to the Negroid race.

Khokhols - crests (from the Cossack custom to wear a forelock).

Chaldons, chaldons- dialect designation of Siberians. It was used among Russian Siberians in relation to other Russian Siberians with an emphasis on the stupidity and “valenkovnost” of a person. At present, the use of the word is rare even in Siberia, it is found mainly among the older generation.

Black dropout (by color of the skin) - representatives negroid race, Negroes, the designation "black" is also common.

Czech (derivative, army slang listen)) is a Chechen, predominantly a Chechen militant.

Chocks, chumps, chureks, chebureks, babakhany, rhinos, chuchmeks, saxauls- contemptuous designation of representatives of the peoples of Central Asia. given word penetrated into colloquial speech from the criminal jargon, obviously from the Turk.

Chukhonets, chukhon, chukhna- a disrespectful nickname, used mainly by the Russian population in relation initially to the Ingrian Finns, later to the Finns of Finland and other representatives of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Chukhna, Chushka - Finland.

Hellenes are Greeks.

Yankees are Americans.

in other languages.

Ami (Ami) - the nickname of the Americans by the Germans (simplification / reduction).

Aleman - lit. "German" (Spanish) - in Cuba, all white Europeans.

Ak-fist, ash-kuloh(literally white-eared) - an insulting nickname for the Slavs in Central Asia, an analogue of the Russian "black-assed".

Boshes are Germans. Borrowed from French, the lexicon of the First World War, got into Russian.

Bosha is the nickname of the Gypsies among Armenians.

Burla (burlak) is an insulting nickname for Russians in Central Asia.

Wessy - residents of Germany (before the unification of Germany and the GDR). It comes from the German Westdeutschland - West Germany.

Gaijin (from gaikokujin, foreigner) is a disrespectful nickname for non-Japanese in Japan.

Goy - (a word from the Torah) means a non-Jew. It is used in both humiliating and neutral meanings.

Gringos are foreigners, most often of Caucasian appearance, often Americans (in Latin America and Mexico).

John Bull is an Englishman.

Kafir - all non-Muslims (identical to the Jewish goy, Russian infidel, impious, non-Christ).

Latinos is a nickname for Hispanics in the United States, the word has also been transferred to Russian.

Nazaris (Arabic lit. "Nazarenes") are Christians among the southern Arabs.

Ora - the treatment of men among themselves among the Abkhazians.

Rusaki is the collective self-name of the Russian-speaking population in Germany.

Rushpans - Ukrainian. "Russians".

Sarybas, sarybash(literally "yellow-headed") - an insulting nickname for Europeans in Central Asia, used in the sense of "coward", "blunder", "fool".

Shoshka (chuchka) - derogatory nickname Slavs (mostly Russians) in Central Asia, literally "pigs" is sometimes used in the sense of "pig-like", "pig-eaters", "pig people".

Ivans are Russians (among the Germans and not only).

Kalbit - in the regions of Russia bordering Kazakhstan contemptuously - Kazakh.

Kizdym - Kazakh.

Katsapy ( Ukrainian word) are Russians. Most often refers to the inhabitants of Moscow because of the unusual dialect common there. Most Russians, including Muscovites, are unaware of the existence of any nickname given by Ukrainians, in principle, let alone this specific one.

Cockney is a resident of London's working-class neighborhoods. IN English language, from which it is borrowed, is not offensive.

Xenos is a word used by the indigenous population of Greece in relation to foreigners, foreign-speaking people, emigrants, migrants and to all those who are alien Greek culture. The word is used in both derogatory and neutral meanings. Xenophobia is the same root word for hostility towards outsiders. A word similar in meaning in use in Russian is non-Russian.

Laowai is a vernacular Chinese term for any foreigners of European origin.

Laomaozi (maozi)- colloquial Chinese designation of Russians.

Muscovites are Russians, more often immigrants from Moscow.

Ossi - residents of the GDR (before the unification of the FRG and the GDR) and the eastern part of present-day Germany. It comes from the German Ostdeutschland - East Germany.

Pakis is a derogatory nickname for people from Pakistan in the UK.

Persil is a contemptuous nickname for an Azerbaijani or a Turk in Turkmenistan.

Pifke is a nickname that the inhabitants of Austria and especially Vienna call the inhabitants of part of Germany, at present this is mainly called tourists from Germany. In Germany itself, this nickname is used as a playful designation of a braggart or imaginary.

Raski is a contemptuous name for Russians (in the broad sense of all citizens from former USSR) for the Americans.

Ryussa - Russians among the Finns.

Sart is a word used by the Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Turkmens to people of Uzbek nationality, most often this word is perceived as humiliating and abusive.

Tibla is an offensive nickname for Russian speakers in Estonia.

Farang is a Thai word originally referring to the French. Is not offensive. In Thailand and Cambodia, farang (barang) refers to any foreigner of European origin.

Habibi - so the Americans disparagingly call the Arabs.

Shuravi - Originally the designation of Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan. On this moment neutral designation of all Russians in Arab countries.

Yahudiy - colloquial designation by Uzbeks of a person of the Jewish religion, is used both in a humiliating and in a neutral sense.

POM (Pommy) is a playful nickname for the English in Australia, New Zealand and sometimes South Africa.

molomo.ru

On the offensive nicknames of the English seva_bbc October 24th, 2013

I will never forget how my dearest Tatar mother-in-law, Myakfuzya Akhtyamovna, now, alas, deceased, at the moment of a quarrel with her husband threw a terrible insult: “Urus!” she shouted to him, “the enemy!”

"Urus", as you understand, means "Russian". In the Ukrainian context, this insult could be "moskal" or "katsap". The Russians, of course, also do not remain in debt: “Khokhol”, “lyakh”, “chukhna”, “kid”, “chuchmek” - what words our talented people did not invent for their neighbors.

It is clear that nicknames or nicknames for a people can only appear in a collision with it, and since the British actively traveled, conquered and colonized, they came up with nicknames in all corners of the world. I picked something for you, knowing that such terms in relation to others are always pleasant to hear.

For almost a thousand years, the main enemy for the Englishman was the Frenchman. The politically incorrect public still calls them FROGS - FROGS, because they eat frog legs.

The French, accordingly, call the British ROSTBIF for their love of baked beef. In Poland, the British were nicknamed FAJFOKLOK, that is, "five o'clock", the time when the British used to drink tea for their excessive punctuality and minute-by-minute fulfillment of the daily schedule. May also be called "Angol" or "Anglik". I have a friend, who was abandoned by his wife here, tired me for a long time with conversations: “and mine went to the Anglic ...”

Liberal people live in Holland, and therefore the nickname turned out to be not offensive LINKSRIERS - LEFT-HAND, since the British drive on the left side of the street. The Dutch, by the way, also drove like that, moreover, all of Europe drove on the left side, but in 1795 the usurper, Napoleon, took over Europe and forced everyone to drive on the right.

In Argentina, after the lost war for the Falklands, the British were nicknamed PIRATAS. English tourists, coming to Portugal, entered the national consciousness with their constant COME ON - "come on" or "let's go", therefore the Portuguese nickname for the English is OS CAMONES.

Relations between China and England, historically speaking, were difficult. Two opium wars, where England acted as a drug-dealing state, the Boxer Rebellion, the capture of Hong Kong ... If in Russia children were frightened by a policeman, then in China, after all the fears, children were frightened by a “white ghost”, GWAI LO is a ghost of a man or GWAI POR - female ghost.

Years have passed, now the inhabitants of Hong Kong already consider such a nickname as an honor.

Germany gave birth to the contemptuous nickname Inselaffe, which means "island monkey".

Most mine favorite nickname for the British, they came up with the Swahili word MZUNGU, literally translated - “man without smell”. Now, in the morning, getting out of the shower, I say to myself - MZUNGU!

The plural of "mzungu" is BAZUNGU, and the contemptuous version of this expression for frail or undersized Englishmen is KAZUNGU.

The palette of offensive nicknames for the English in different parts of the world is wide and varied.

As the poet said - choose to taste.

*****

Moskal, katsap, crest, kike. national nicknames.

Today, for some reason, thoughts came to me. I went to work and thought about such a thing as national nicknames. Muscovite, crest, katsap, kike. Now these are offensive words. crests are offended when their country is called Khokhland, and they themselves are Khokhls. I don't care if they call me a Muscovite, or rather even a katsap. This is a historical nickname and I will not be offended, because there is truth in this. After all, initially it had some kind of basis. I decided to figure it out and put it in my LJ. Thanks to the Wikipedia site for its existence, I took all the information there.
I didn't mean to offend anyone's feelings while writing this post. Everything written is my personal opinion, if anyone is against - write, we will discuss. I ask in advance - do not use obscenities and insults. Yes, and more, if they meet spelling mistakes- just correct me - I'll fix it.

Let's start in order.
Moskal- in Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish nickname used in relation to Russians and residents of Moscow. Historically used in relation to residents of Moscow, Grand Duchy of Moscow, which is often referred to in chronicles and historical texts as Muscovy, as well as in relation to the vassals of Moscow. The following synonyms are also known in historical chronicles: Muscovite, Muscovite, Muscovite. It should be noted that the original meaning of this word emphasized precisely belonging to Moscow.
That is, it is just a designation of a person's geopolitical affiliation, but not an insult in any way.
But over time the word Moskal began to acquire a negative connotation precisely in the territories of Poland, Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine, which were captured Russian Empire and permanently incorporated into it.
It was because of the wars and the seizure of territories that it began to be considered an insult. When compared with our time, the Muscovite is tantamount to a fascist. After all, initially fascism is nothing more than a political movement. I do not argue because of the ideology that has become the curse of its time. But this is not the main thing.
Ukrainian Moskal and Belarusian maskal from Polish Moscow- a native of Moscow (Muscovy), Russian (soldier). IN written sources- since the 17th century. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, the inhabitants of Belarus and Ukraine so called the soldiers of the Russian army.
In the works of Taras Shevchenko, the expression " shaved in Moscow” means “taken away to serve in the army” (for 25 years).

Now let's move on to the word "katsap" (the more it is closer to me in terms of geographical location).
Katsap
1. Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Belarusian disparaging nickname for Russians.
2. Among Russians and Ukrainians - the nickname of a dialect group of Russians living near the border of Ukraine or with places of compact residence of Ukrainians. It is also often used as a colloquial designation for speakers of the southern dialect of the Russian language.
The accepted etymology goes back to the expression as dac (dac- Ukrainian goat, due to the fact that "to a shaved Ukrainian, a bearded Russian seemed like a goat" (M. Vasmer). However, it is unlikely that the word could be formed in such a way as in Russian (where there is no word dac), and in Ukrainian (where there is no word How). “God created a tsap (goat), and the devil is a katsap” (Ukrainian proverb).
Another version of the origin - from Arabic qasab — butcher, flayer, through the Turkic languages ​​​​first got into Russian and Ukrainian languages. To the Tatars who observed the laws of halal, the dietary customs of the Russians seemed to be animalism.
But on the other hand, in the Middle Ages, "enlightened" Europe generally considered Russians to be barbarians only because they soared in the bathhouse 2 times a month, well, or once, while they themselves tried not to wash at all. There are many examples of this anti-sanitary and I have seen them in more than one source. So personally, I don’t consider the word katsap an insult just because the Tatars didn’t like that my ancestors slaughtered animals for meat.
In modern Ukrainian Muscovite rather means a Russian, a citizen of Russia, while katsap- This ethnic Russian. Vladimir Dal, on the contrary, recorded the use of Russian soldiers as a nickname.
In contrast to the use of the word "moskal", the word "katsap" is currently quite common in the southern Russian regions, characterized by the cohabitation of Russians and Ukrainians (Kursk, Voronezh, Belgorod and other regions) as a concept used here both in the speech of Russians and and Ukrainians, to designate a certain "transitional" ethno-dialectical type from "Khokhl" to "Moskal".
A katsap is a person who speaks generally Russian but with a strongly pronounced southern dialect (for example, reinforced G ekanye, stunning g not on k, but on x: not piroK, but piroKh, not boots, but sapoKh, etc.) and using Ukrainian phraseological units in speech. In our city, one can hear gekanshe, shokanye ("sho"), the use of the word "theirs" instead of "theirs".
In a number of cases, the Katsaps mean the entire Russian population of the southern regions of Russia - approximately up to the northern border of the Chernozem zone. Accepted opposition katsapov Muscovites, where the latter are mainly understood as residents of Moscow, the regions of the Center of the European part of Russia, to the north of the distribution zone of the southern dialect.
So, according to sources, I'm more katsap, how Muscovite, but somehow I don’t care about the differences, the main thing is that I am a man, a Russian man.
Well, now let's move on to our neighbors ^ _ ^.

crest(female khokhlushka, khokhlyachka) - Russian nickname Ukrainians, often perceived as disparaging.
Apparently, it came from the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, who in the old days shaved their heads and left a forelock (sedentary). In the 19th century in Siberia, not only crests, but also Belarusians could be called Khokhls, and Russian settlers from the southern regions of the European part of Russia. Russian Old Believers Lipovans (Danube Delta) called Khokhls Orthodox Ukrainians and Russians.
So there was no offensive connotation here either.
The presence of several geographical and historical names that have "crest" in the name contradicts the version of the originally offensive meaning of the word.
In Moscow, on the Boulevard Ring between Pokrovsky Boulevard and Pokrovsky Gate Square is located Khokhlovskaya Square, near Khokhlovsky lane, on which is located Church of the Life-Giving Trinity "in Khokhly". It is named after the inhabitants of Ukraine, who inhabited this area since the 17th century. There is also a locality Khokhlovka in the municipal district of Nizhegorodsky, with toponyms Khokhlovsky creek, Novokhokhlovskaya Upper and Lower Khokhlovskaya streets.
As I see it now - "Pindos Square", or "Latinosovsky Lane". But there is no such thing and never will be. Now these words are initially offensive.

And the last IMHO , the most offensive nickname.
Jew(in Late Proto-Slavic *?id- Borrowed from Italian giudeo, where from Latin judaeus- "Jew") - the traditional Slavic designation of Jews and / or Jews, which has also developed a number of figurative meanings in some languages. In modern Russian, it has acquired an abusive, offensive meaning.
In Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian, it served as a normative ethnonym for Jews, including those who lived in Khazar Khaganate and in Kievan Rus (in singular the form zhidovin was also used). Chronicles distinguished between Jews and Khazar Jews. Numerous toponyms remained from this time in Ukraine, such as, for example, Zhydovskie gates in Kyiv. The word at least retained its neutral meaning until the 15th century, which is recorded in the code of the Bible of St. Gennady Novgorodsky.
In the Ukrainian language, the word kike was a normative ethnonym for a Jew until the 18th-19th centuries. (on Western Ukraine- until the middle of the twentieth century), which acquired a negative meaning under the influence of the Russian language. There are translations of the Bible in which the book "Hebrews" is translated as "Before the Jews."
IN Belarusian language the word zhyd (?yd) to this day is a normative ethnonym for a Jew along with the words gabrei (habrej) and yaўrey (ja?rej).
In the USSR in the 1920-1930s. within the framework of the campaign against anti-Semitism initiated by the Bolsheviks, the use of the word Jew and its derivatives were criminalized and punishable by imprisonment.

black children

Kovalenko Andrey

In our class, I feel confident, because in our class it is not customary to call names. But at breaks I hear offensive nicknames. I decided to figure it out and write a project. Why are nicknames stuck?

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research project

Why is Ivan the fool?

Kirov, 2012

1. Introduction………………………………………………………p. 3
2. Literature review…………………………………………… p. 4 - 5
3. Research Methods……………………………………… p. 6 - 8
4. Research results……………………………………p. 9
5. Conclusions……………………………………………………… page 10
6. List of sources of information used……… page 11
7. Applications………………………………………………. page 12

Introduction.

Situation: I feel comfortable in our class becauseIt is not customary for us to call each other offensive nicknames. But at breaks from students of grades 5.6, I constantly hear insulting nicknames addressed to me. I met a similar situation in the tale of P.P. Ershov "Humpbacked Horse"

Problem: Why is Ivan the Fool called Ivan the Fool in Russian fairy tales?

Problem question:Why stick nicknames?

Objective of the project:

Find out why we stick nicknames

Project objectives:

1. Reread the fairy tale by P. P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse"
2. To figure out lexical meaning words "fool"
3. Find out the origin of the word "fool"
4. To analyze the actions and characters of the heroes of P. P. Ershov's fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse"
5. Conduct a survey in the form of a survey of respondents of adolescence
6. To put forward hypotheses of the reasons for the emergence of nicknames in adolescence
7. Conduct explanatory work to prevent the occurrence of nicknames among classmates.

Hypotheses:

1. Children give each other offensive nicknames because they don't know true value of these words.
2. Due to personal psychological problems

Research methods:

1. Analysis of a literary work
2. Questionnaire

Overview of information.

With his personal name, a person goes through his whole life. But there is another name that can appear in a person and accompany him for some time, and sometimes throughout his life. This is a nickname. Nicknames appeared more than a thousand years ago, then served as the basis for the formation of many Russian surnames. But they have not disappeared, they continue to exist to this day. The position of most people in relation to nicknames is quite calm: "Well, which of us was not teased in childhood? Is it worth paying attention to this problem?" In fact, nicknames and nicknames are quite a strong reason for conflict.

Nicknames and nicknames may not only not disappear, but also appear as a way of revenge on the offender - the name-caller. If this phenomenon is not given due attention, conflict situation can develop into a serious confrontation with unpredictable consequences.

The very first nicknames arose more than a thousand years ago. Their source was Old Russian names, which were very similar to nicknames. Names were given, for example, by hair color: Black, White, Chernavka, Red; by growth: Small, Long; by character and behavior: Bulgak (restless), Zabava, Neulyba. The name determines the fate of a person. After all, it was not without reason that in Rus' a person had two names. A personal name (in the Old Russian language - reklo, name, nickname, name, nickname, naming) is a special word that serves to designate individual person to be able to refer to it, as well as talk about it with others. Our ancestors were afraid of evil spirits, an evil word, the evil eye. In order to deceive evil people and evil spirits caring parents gave good children "bad names": smart boys were deliberately called Fools and Freaks, honest and courageous - Scoundrels and Cowards, desired - Nechay. It seemed to them that a "bad" name, like an invisibility cap, would cover their child and save them from "corruption". Traces of such names have survived to this day in the foundations of modern Russian surnames: Nechaev, Durakov, Negodyaev, Gryaznov, Glupov.

A nickname is an informal name for a person. In the dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, the following definition is given: “A nickname is a name given to a person according to some of his characteristic features, properties.” Unlike the name, the nickname reflects not the desired, but the real properties and qualities of the bearer and thus fixes the special meaning that these properties and qualities had for others. Nicknames can be given to people different periods their lives, and in many cases are known to a limited circle of people.

Often the main character of Russian fairy tales, Ivan, is credited with an offensive nickname - the Fool. Consider the meaning of the word FOOL.

IN modern vocabulary FOOL m. foolish man, stupid, stupid, slow-witted, reckless person, but has this word always been understood this way?

The ancient meaning of the word fool. This word-concept consists of two roots: "du" and "ra". The root "du" means two, the second. The root "ra" means sunshine. Thus, the word "Fool" means "the second sun."

But why is the Fool after all, because Ivanushka is smarter than his brothers. His nickname is just a name-talisman.

Research methods:

1. Fairy tale content

A peasant lives in a village. He has three sons: the eldest, Danilo - smart, average, Gavrilo - "this way and that", and the youngest, Ivan, is a fool at all. The brothers grow wheat, take it to the capital and sell it there. But a misfortune happens: someone starts trampling the crops at night. The brothers decide to take turns in the field. The older and middle brothers, frightened by bad weather and cold, leave their duty without finding out anything. The turn comes younger brother. At midnight he saw a white mare with a long golden mane. Ivan manages to jump on the mare's back, and she starts galloping. Unable to throw off Ivan, the mare asks to let her go, promising to give birth to him three horses: two - handsome, which Ivan, if he wants, can sell, and the third - a skate only three inches tall, on his back with two humps and with arshin ears , which cannot be given to anyone for any treasure, because he will be Ivan's best comrade, helper and protector. Ivan agrees and takes the mare to the shepherd's booth, where three days later the mare gives birth to the three promised horses.

After some time, Danilo, accidentally entering the booth, sees two beautiful golden-maned horses there. Danilo and Gavrilo, secretly from Ivan, take the horses to the capital to sell them. In the evening of the same day, Ivan, having come to the booth, discovers the loss and is very upset. The humpbacked horse explains to Ivan what happened and offers to catch up with the brothers. Ivan sits on a humpbacked horse, and they instantly overtake them. The brothers, justifying themselves, explain their deed by poverty. Ivan agrees to sell the horses, and together they go to the capital.

Arriving in the capital in the morning, the brothers put the horses up for sale in the horse row. The mayor sees the horses and immediately goes with a report to the king. The mayor praises the wonderful horses so much that the king immediately goes to the market and buys them from his brothers. The royal grooms lead the horses away, but the expensive horses knock them down and return to Ivan. Seeing this, the tsar offers Ivan a service in the palace - he appoints him head of the royal stables. Ivan agrees and goes to the palace. His brothers, having received the money and dividing it equally, go home, both get married and live quietly, remembering Ivan, and Ivan serves in the royal stable and fulfills all the orders of the Tsar and passes all the tests with dignity.

Analysis of characters and actions

• The author's attitude towards the characters:

The brothers are Danilo and Gavrilo, and the fool is Ivanushka.

• The attitude of heroes to the problem of sleep:

The brothers overslept the guard, and Ivan found a way to fight sleep.

• The attitude of the characters to the case:

The brothers lie, and Ivan completes the task.

• Ability to anticipate the actions of others

Ivan hides his horses and spins tales about the thief, knowing the greed of his brothers.

• Relationship to property:

Brothers steal horses, and Ivan reproaches them

• Attitude towards tasks:

Ivan creatively performs horse care tasks

• Attitude to human weaknesses:

Ivan forgives the brothers and theft, and their ridicule in his address.

Analysis results

In Yershov's fairy tale, Ivan has the best masculine qualities: he is honest, fair, hard-working, dexterous.

• Ivan is a fool smarter than his brothers. His nickname is just talisman name , protecting him from corruption of evil spirits and the envy of his brothers.
• The brothers understand that they are inferior to Ivan in many ways, but do not want to admit defeat. Themit's better to put anotherfool than realizing your shortcomings.

Conclusion:

We cannot call a person with such qualities a stupid and slow-witted, reckless person.

1. Questionnaire

I have compiled a questionnaire for 6th graders. The survey was conducted anonymously. (Appendix No. 1) questionnaire

Survey results

A survey of sixth graders showed that 39% of their total number have nicknames or nicknames associated with the surname or name, 15% have a nickname associated with appearance(features of the figure), 15% have a nickname associated with social status and only 6% do not have nicknames and nicknames. In addition, it turned out that not only boys, but also girls call names.

Research Conclusion

Behind nicknames and nicknames are very different reasons. One sticks an insulting label to his comrade, envying his success; the other asserts itself by humiliating weaker and defenseless peers, wanting to look more advantageous in the eyes of others; the third thus avenges his own humiliation. In any case, an adult should not remain indifferent if a humiliation or an insult to the personality of a child occurs before his eyes. It is even worse when a child gets used to this humiliation and perceives it as the norm.

1. Interviewing a school psychologist

A conversation with a school psychologist about the influence of nicknames on children.

IN modern psychology there is the concept of "sanogenic behavior", where "san" is the sun, and "gene" is the genetic nature of a person. People with this type of behavior are trusting, unsophisticated, kind. I believe that Ivan the Fool belongs to this type of people.

According to the psychologist, a nickname can be both pleasant for a person and unpleasant, therefore it can cause him psychological trauma.

The psychologist talked with the boys who came up with an offensive nickname. Turns out they were joking, just wanted to tease (play?). They do not understand what is offensive in their actions, because they also have nicknames, and they are not at all offended by them. Which? "Gene", "Crutch", "Penguin"... Do you like nicknames? Well, not so much, but what to do ... Everyone has nicknames, and nothing can be done about it. It seems that nicknames and nicknames have firmly entered the everyday life of children, and serious conflicts are possible from this.

But still the main thing is the reaction of the person himself to the nickname. It depends on the temperament of a person - a melancholic, for example, will cry, and a choleric will get into a fight. And it also depends on the relationship with the person who gave the nickname. Basically, nicknames appear at a transitional age, from 10 to 13 years old, when it is very important for a person to communicate with other guys. But sometimes nicknames are so attached to a person that the name fades into the background. The psychologist believes that a nickname is always bad, because a person has his own name, which his parents chose with love. I fully agree with him. Appendix #2 (interview questions)

The result of the research

The main reasons children call each other names:

1. Aggression (conscious desire to offend, annoy, anger a peer).

2. The desire to attract attention (of the one you tease, or others):

Game (teaser perceives name-calling as a funny game, attracting the attention of a peer, not intending to offend him);

Provocation (the teaser is aware that he is insulting his peer, but in this way seeks to provoke him into active actions, for example, to force him to chase, fight, accept a challenge);

Joke (wants not so much to offend a friend as to amuse others);

Self-affirmation (teaser deliberately insults a peer in order to humiliate him and stand out in the eyes of others, “put him in his place”, assert a leadership position).

3. Revenge (offended or humiliated child begins to tease the offender, especially if he cannot answer physically, sometimes he does the same out of envy).

4. Not from evil (the teaser does not understand that it is offensive to another, he is used to noting the features of others, to identify them character traits, for example, comparing with animals). Perhaps at home it is customary for him to reward each other with nicknames, and this does not offend anyone.

Conclusion

The names of people are part of the history of the people. Every person living on Earth has at least one name.

IVAN Fool - this nickname is just a name-talisman.

Like many others social phenomena, the system of nicknames is probably not only a form of solidarity, but also a source of other forms of social activity, such as teasing and humiliation. The same nickname can serve as a manifestation of sympathy and be a means of insult. Although the insult acts as a kind of recognition.

Nicknames can be given to people at different periods of their lives, and in many cases are known to a rather limited circle of people. Many people have several nicknames, and each of them seems to be associated with belonging to a particular group.

Exit to the next problem.

Very often, the class teacher has to deal with conflicts arising from nicknames and nicknames. The position of most people in relation to her is quite calm: "Well, which of us was not teased in childhood? Is it worth paying attention to this problem?" In fact, nicknames and nicknames are the cause of many conflicts.

How to help a child protect himself from offensive nicknames?

List of sources of information used:

1. Golanova E.I. How do words come about? - M., 1989.

2. Gorbanevsky M.V. In the world of names and titles. - M., 1983.

3. Kodukhov V.I. Synonym stories. - M., 1984.

4. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1984.

5. Rosenthal D.E. Dictionary-reference linguistic terms. - M., 1976.

6. Suslova A.V., Superanskaya A.V. Modern Russian surnames. - M., 1984.

7. Shiryaeva N.S. Fairy tales: study technologies. - S.P., 2003.

Applications:

Application No. 1

Questionnaire "Nicknames in your life"

(Underline whatever applicable)

1. Enter your age. _______________________________________________

2. Your gender: female / male.

3. How do you feel about nicknames, (positively, negatively, indifferently). __________________________________________________________________

4. Do you consider nicknames a manifestation of aggression (yes - no). ________________

5 . Did or do you have a nickname? (Not really)._____________________________

6. State your nickname. __________________________________________

7. How do you react to it (I'm offended, I don't pay attention, I answer the same).

__________________________________________________________________

8. Name the nicknames that you call the guys you know._______________

9. What are nicknames connected with (with a surname, with a name, with features of a figure,

With features of appearance, with character, with behavior) ___________________

10. What do you think should be done to avoid being teased and left behind?

Application №2

Interview questions for a school psychologist

What personal problems are realized by the person who calls the other person?

How do nicknames affect children?

Middle name or insult?

You found out that your child at school, in the yard or in the company came up with a nickname. Is it offensive, funny, friendly? To understand if this is a problem, you need to find out its origin and talk about it with the child.

Let's figure it out where do nicknames come from.

Most often, nicknames are associated either with the features of the child's appearance, or a derivative of the surname. In some cases, nicknames are invented based on the characteristics of behavior or character, or they are fixed after some single bright act of the child.

Reasons for the appearance of nicknames in school class or another children's team are usually associated with the moments of the formation of a hierarchy in the team, the distribution of roles, the definition of each child's place, the identification of leaders and outsiders. This process occurs in any team and may not take the most personal forms, especially if it occurs spontaneously, without control and direction from adults (teachers, educators, coaches). Children assert themselves by inventing offensive nicknames for others, check how many children will support their “undertaking”, form groups within the team.

However the appearance of nicknames is not always associated with a conscious desire to humiliate or offend. In fact, children are often more observant than adults, they note various features appearance and character of each other. And being less tactful or more straightforward than adults, they immediately come up with new appeals to each other. Calling each other Ginger, Quiet, or various derivatives of surnames, children do not always aim to offend. And it must be admitted that those children who have difficulty accepting oneself, self-doubt .

Parents can help a child who is worried about the fact that peers came up with a nickname for him.

Figure out for yourself why the child came up with this and not another nickname. Sometimes this is a signal to what is worth working on - to look at the child's behavior more objectively. For example, a child may be teased for being sloppily dressed, often fights or taunts. If the nickname refers to some features of appearance, it is important to direct efforts towards accepting the child as he is.

You need to pay attention to who the nickname comes from. If a child is outcast in the classroom and is teased by everyone and sundry, it is urgent to intervene in the situation and rectify it in a team with the help of teachers and a school psychologist. Sometimes a nickname arises in a relationship with a specific child, and then you need to help your offspring figure out what the offender is trying to achieve. It happens that he seeks only to attract attention or in such an awkward way expresses his affection.

If the nickname is formed from the surname, then this may be an occasion to talk about the concept of family. Tell your child that almost all surnames are formed from some words that had something to do with the family in antiquity. For example, the Kuznetsovs probably worked in forges, the Berestovs, perhaps, made products from birch bark, and so on. Imagine what your ancestors might have done and where your last name came from.. Share that you and your parents were teased in similar ways as children, but it's not hurtful at all.

. Teach your child to respond more calmly to the nickname. The best option- ignore it. For example, after a few calls of “Hey, fatty,” you can turn around and say: “Are you to me, or what? My name is Kostya. The calmer the reaction, the more useless the provocation and the less likely it is that the nickname will stick.

In many cases, a sincere conversation with the instigator helps. Simple sincere words: “You know, it hurts me to hear this endlessly” or “Do you yourself like it when they call you names?”, Oddly enough, they can change the situation.

For preschoolers and junior schoolchildren special the so-called "excuses" have a magical meaning(for example, "who calls names - he himself is called so"). You can remember such excuses or come up with your own, for a child at this age they really play the role of a protective wall.

For teenagers, it is more important to find pluses in those features for which the nickname is received. To do this, it is useful to look for information about famous people , having the same appearance.

If the situation is serious and you can’t cope with it on your own, be sure to contact school teachers and psychologists. Abusive nicknames and bullying must be stopped in the bud, so as not to become the norm of relations in the classroom or in any children's team.

How much do nicknames and nicknames mean in our life? Empty, small words that replace names - well, what meaning can they have? But everything is quite the opposite - one simple word, but said as a name - a nickname, determines a lot. The nature of the relationship, resentment for life, irritation or anger, or maybe a comprehensive joy and happiness - all this and even more can be found in our nicknames.

Why are nicknames sometimes funny and sometimes very offensive?
Who and why likes to call people not by their names, but to give them nicknames and nicknames?
Why do people call names hurtful words and calls?

Good nicknames for boys and girls

The nature of affectionate names, good nicknames, touching nicknames lies in the roots of the visual vector. When the audience is happy, they want to express their best feelings through the word, picking it up according to allegories. There are tens of thousands of such cute and funny nicknames, and maybe even millions in any language of the world.

After all, calling a person by name is banal and the same, and a visual person wants to stand out and highlight. The viewer by nature has a very rich imagination and, having seen something wonderful, pleasant and kind, fills it with the same meanings.

It often happens that a visual person cannot cope with the task and looks for cute, good nicknames on the Internet for their boyfriend or girlfriend. However, the best, kindest and most tender nickname will be exactly the one that is independently invented on the basis of the personal qualities of a loved one.

Why do people call names, give bad nicknames?

Surprisingly, it is the visual people who are so fond of giving beautiful nicknames and nicknames themselves in early childhood face offensive, unpleasant nicknames that can deeply hurt them to the very heart. Vulnerable by nature, they are very complex and begin to be shy when all their classmates suddenly start to poison them with a “giraffe” or “fat man”. And if a long, offensive line in rhyme is glued to the name, which easily falls on the ear and literally eats into the subconscious, then the situation becomes threatening. There are many cases when, due to offensive and unpleasant nicknames at school, children lost interest in learning, experienced depression, and felt oppressed.

The nature of nicknames given to us in childhood often comes from oral. Oralniks give nicknames, very accurately noticing our innate character traits or relying on names and surnames, creating a name that sticks to a person. Although their invented names often sound quite brutal, nevertheless, some children get good nicknames, if they can be called such, say, Sleeper or Baton, Gaz or Africa, while others have to endure Nosataya, Goat, Bespectacled. This disparity is due to child ranking, where the weakest (or the one who stands out) always gets the most. And these are most often skin-visual boys and girls.

It is interesting that no matter how hard the viewer tries to give an unpleasant nickname to his offender in response, he does not succeed. Nobody picks up and repeats his words, and nicknames are not glued to people. This is due to the fact that real nicknames that cling to a person can only be given by an oral speaker - accurately and very catchy noticing the bright feature of his victim and inducing the entire team to repeat this word.

Why does the guy call names offensive nicknames?

It happens that in adult life we are faced with unpleasant nicknames and nicknames. Again, this hurts and hurts only people with a visual vector who take such statements too close to their hearts.

The nature of offensive nicknames in a couple often lies in the problem of hidden verbal sadism, which is not fully realized by either side. This happens if the nicknames are in the format of name-calling, they are aimed at hurting their loved one, hooking more painfully. For example, when a guy calls his thin girl "elephant" or "hippo", and in response to her insults, he laughs, as if there is nothing terrible or ugly in such names.

Such offensive, unpleasant nicknames are given by people with an anal vector, which is in frustration or lack. Having accumulated grievances, he wants to pour them out somewhere and expresses them in such an uncomplicated way.

A person likes to give names to everything in order to orient himself in his surroundings. complex world. Sometimes these names are funny, but surprisingly accurate, and therefore memorable. Very often this happens with nicknames or nicknames that we give to our acquaintances, friends or four-legged friends - pets. Why is this happening? Why do people give someone nicknames? How do you get a variety of funny nicknames? You will find answers to these and other questions in the article.

Name and nickname

Each person at birth receives a name, and in some cultures - even several. Names have meanings. For example: Andrey - "courageous", Olesya - "protector", Alsou - "rosy-cheeked", Damir - "persistent". Ancient beliefs say that the name of a person determines his character and destiny.

However, in reality it is impossible to predict whether the given name at birth will match personal qualities or the appearance of the person to whom it was given. So, the “courageous” Andrey may turn out to be indecisive and timid, and the “pink-cheeked” Alsou is naturally pale-skinned.

For this reason, many people get nicknames in the social circle where they constantly rotate: friends, classmates and classmates, colleagues. People with a certain temperament simply love to come up with funny nicknames for friends, relatives and just acquaintances. Sometimes it happens that what is given to a person reflects his essence than the name and surname. But more often than not, nicknames are given as a joke, and then they stick. Usually for a while, and sometimes - for life.

Where do nicknames come from?

The tradition of having several names was and still is among the Indians, as well as among the Spaniards and the Portuguese. The latter even have polysyllabic surnames taken from their father and mother. In ancient times, representatives of many peoples believed that several names provide a person not only with protection from evil forces, but also with opportunities for "manoeuvre" in life. Any of the names given to him will surely suit his character or appearance. Thus, one name or surname was constantly used, while others remained "in reserve".

Ancient people also willingly used nicknames. They believed that knowing someone's real name could harm that person, put a spell on him. Therefore, the real name was carefully hidden, second and third names were used, and even nicknames. They were formed in accordance with the characteristics of a particular person (appearance, character, skills) or based on his type of activity. It is known that many modern surnames are modified nicknames of ancestors.

When a person changes his name

Since the name has always been considered the fate of a person, the change of name means the desire to change one's destiny. For example, if a person wants to start life anew, he will take one of his “spare” names (if second and third names are given in his culture) or he will come up with a more suitable one himself. When they leave for the monastery, they also take a new name, choosing it from the list of names of saints. When a person is engaged in creative or public activities (actor, writer, blogger, musician, politician), he often also takes a pseudonym for himself in order to stand out from the crowd, and in addition, to distinguish between public and private life.

Why are they nicknamed

It is difficult to say whether our ancestors had a tradition of inventing funny nicknames for friends. Perhaps they did something funny, but by accident. However, this usually happens in our days, with modern nicknames.

Most often, nicknames are given to distinguish one person from another. Most likely, this is how the first nicknames were formed. For example, there are many people around named Stepan, Marya, Ivan, etc. And if you call them “Ivan the blacksmith”, “Mary the beauty”, “Stepan the merry fellow”, then it immediately becomes clear what specific person we are talking about. Such nicknames usually featured occupation, appearance, character or origin.

In our time, such "distinguishing" nicknames are often formed from the real name or surname of a person: Sergey - Gray, Gorokhov - Peas, Kuznetsov - Blacksmith, etc.

Very often the nickname given to a person others, it is a mirror that reflects the attitude of a given society (friends, colleagues, fellow students) towards him. Affectionate and funny nicknames indicate acceptance and respect, offensive nicknames - about problems in relationships.

Children's and adult funny nicknames

The tradition of coming up with funny nicknames for people is especially common at school age. Children are not only more observant than adults, but also much more straightforward, so nicknames arise quickly and are often invented by everyone in a row: both to each other and to adults. In the latter case, the nickname from its "carrier", of course, is hidden.

What are funny nicknames for boys:

• Pate;
• Caramba;
• Nail Puller;
• Lyalya, Katya, Olesya and similar girlish names;
• Goblin.

What are funny nicknames for girls:

• Chupacabra;
• Bleak;
• Vasya, Tolyan, Vitya and similar boyish names;
• Currency (on behalf of Valya);
• Torpedo.

Teachers' nicknames often reflect their and the students' attitudes. For example: Sinister, Corrosion (the brain eats away). And there are affectionate nicknames that testify to good attitude: Anastasia Petrovna - Nastyushka. Very often, schoolchildren give nicknames to teachers just as a joke, based on the first name, patronymic or last name. So, Vera Andreevna becomes "Veranda", Natalya Fedorovna - "Nafanya", a teacher named Venediktov gets the nickname "Broom" and so on.

But it often happens that children grow up, and the desire to invent nicknames does not disappear from them. Only the place of the school collective is occupied by the worker. According to opinion polls, more than half of people come up with nicknames for their bosses and colleagues. Most often this is done for entertainment and "conspiracy". At the same time, few people are offended by the invented nickname, mostly adults treat this with humor.

friendly nicknames

IN permanent companies often come up with funny nicknames for friends. Thus, a certain common spirit, a special atmosphere of a separate circle of communication is emphasized. Often the nickname is given not on some basis, but in spite of it. For example, very thin man they will call Zhirtrest or Fat Man, tall - Dwarf or Thumbelina, with a sharp temper - Good-natured or Fairy, and bald - Curly. In such cases, the funny effect of the nickname is achieved precisely because of its inconsistency with reality.

It happens that a nickname “sticks” to a person so successfully that friends generally stop calling him something else, and he himself, getting to know someone in an informal setting, also introduces himself as his nickname. Often there are funny cases when someone's nickname is very reminiscent of the real name (Fedya, Vitya, Chris, Margo), and then it turns out that the person's name is actually completely different, and they called him (her) that way because of the surname or long-standing , already forgotten incident. The funniest nicknames are usually not invented on purpose, but are obtained quite by accident, during some memorable event or unexpected “insight”.

Funny nicknames for pets

People come up with nicknames when they want to highlight someone or show their attitude. This applies equally to friends and acquaintances, and to four-legged pets.

Of course, it is easier for dogs and cats to choose a nickname than to choose a name for a person. The yard dog Tuzik or the cat Fluffy can go well with their nicknames, but most often the owners want to pick up a beautiful pet and especially if the dog or cat is thoroughbred - then human ones are most often used, often even foreign names: Styopa, Max, Charlie, Sabrina, Marcel and so on.

What are cats called

Funny nicknames for cats and cats are usually given by owners with a good imagination, and often nicknames are born "in honor" of food products, for example: Baton, Cheburek, Bun, Korzhik, Coconut, Squash and others. Animals are often named after famous people or characters: Pegasus, Terminator, Milla Jovovich, Uma Thurman. The appearance of a pet can also become a reason for getting a funny nickname: a cat of an unusual color White Tail, a shaggy cat Chuchundra or a sphinx cat named Rough. There are also such funny nicknames for cats that are invented simply as something original and convenient: Leska, Evrik, Maruska, Count de Lyaluska (or shortly - Lyalchik).

What are the dogs called

Most owners carefully choose nicknames for dogs. Funny options are usually invented by those people for whom their barking pets are family members, and not exhibitors or watchdogs. This is how Kefirchik, Belyash, Tube, Bucks, Cola, Barmaley, Ghoul, Meatball and other strange but funny dog ​​nicknames appear. Sometimes the nickname is funny because of its game in contrast with the appearance of the animal: Doberman Pushok, Rottweiler Phil, Dachshund Domna.

In such funny, but for the most part affectionate names the loving attitude of the owner towards his pet is revealed, even if he does not always behave well.

A nickname or nickname is, first of all, a way to highlight. If someone gets a funny nickname, this is a sign of a special relationship. funny dogs, funny nicknames people - all this is a kind of sign of interest and friendship. This is how we show that our two-legged or four-legged friends are really important to us.