Evgeny Bazarov is one of the main characters in I. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". It is with the help of this image that the author actively reveals the problem of relationships different generations of people.
Appearance of Evgeny Bazarov
Evgeny Bazarov is a man tall". His face is “long and thin, with a broad forehead, flat top, pointed nose, large greenish eyes and drooping whiskers. sand color, it was animated by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence. His age borders on the mark of 30 years - Bazarov is in the prime of his powers, both mental and physical.
He does not pay due attention to clothes and his appearance. His suit is old and dilapidated, he looks untidy. Bazarov does not neglect personal hygiene, but he is not distinguished by such zeal for his toilet, as, for example, Pavel Kirsanov.
Family of Evgeny Bazarov
Bazarov has a small family - it includes mother and father. Bazarov's father's name is Vasily Ivanovich. He is a retired captain. Bazarov the father often helps his fellow villagers and gives them medical care. Vasily Ivanovich is a simple person by origin, but he is quite educated and diversified. His mother Arina Vlasyevna, a noblewoman by birth. She is the owner of a small estate in the province, "I remember fifteen souls." His father is in charge of the estate. Arina Vlasyevna herself is very educated and knows a little French(which was the privilege of the nobility). Evgeny Bazarov only child in their family, so the attitude of the parents towards him is quite reverent. They often allow him a cool attitude towards themselves.
Origin and occupation
Evgeny Bazarov is a student. He followed in the footsteps of his father and in the future will connect his activities with medicine. “I, the future doctor, and the doctor's son, and the deacon's grandson,” he says about himself.
His father tried to give his son a good education and education, encouraged his curiosity and love for research: "he knew how to solve it early and spared nothing for his education." This greatly helped Bazarov become successful in his profession.
He is not of noble birth, but this does not prevent him from taking an advantageous position in society and acquiring good friends. His friends and acquaintances believe that Bazarov will be able to achieve significant results in the field of medicine and the natural sciences.
Lifestyle and habits
Bazarov leads active image life. He wakes up early and stays up late most of the time. He spends most of his time experimenting on frogs - such studies will make him more competent as a doctor: “Bazarov brought a microscope with him and fiddled with it for hours.”
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Eugene does not shy away from society. He willingly pays visits different people. He leads himself there depending on the situation. In the society of aristocrats (if it is not a dinner in a narrow circle), he is mostly reserved and rarely interferes in the course of the conversation. In communication with the nobles of the "lower rank" or with people related to him in social status Eugene behaves actively and often at ease. Sometimes his liberties are so defiant that they seem indecent.
Eugene loves hearty and delicious food. He does not deprive himself of the pleasure of drinking wine, mostly in large quantities.
The essence of nihilism Evgeny Bazarov
Bazarov's position in society is unusual and controversial. He is an adherent of nihilism - a philosophical trend of the 60s of the XIX century, widespread in Russia. At its core, this trend contained an extremely negative attitude towards all manifestations of bourgeois-noble traditions and principles. Bazarov explains the essence of his philosophy as follows: “We act by virtue of what we recognize as useful,” said Bazarov. “At the present time, the most useful thing is denial—we deny.”
Personal qualities
The first thing that catches the reader's eye is Eugene's simplicity. About this distinguishing feature we learn from the very first pages of the novel - his friend Arkady repeatedly focuses his father's attention on this fact during their trip to the family estate. “A simple man,” says Kirsanov-son. Nikolai Petrovich's first impressions of the meeting with Bazarov were smeared with joyful experiences - after a long separation, he finally waited for his son, but nevertheless, a certain sediment in relation to Yevgeny firmly settled in the mind of Kirsanov the father.
Bazarov has an extraordinary mind. This applies not only to the field of medicine, but also to other fields of activity. This state of affairs has led to the development of such a negative quality as self-confidence. Eugene is clearly aware of his mental superiority in relation to most of the people around him and cannot refrain from harsh remarks and criticism. An accompanying quality to this extremely unattractive bouquet is also self-esteem. With Pavel Petrovich, such qualities seem incompatible with Bazarov's occupation. Uncle Arkady claims that a person with such a character cannot be a full-fledged county doctor.
Eugene thinks that he is "a positive, uninteresting person." In fact, he is quite an attractive person. His views are non-standard, they bear little resemblance to the generally accepted ones. At first glance, it seems that he operates on the principle of opposition and opposition - Eugene contradicts virtually any thought, but if you look at it well, then this is not just a whim. Bazarov can explain his position, give arguments and evidence that proves he is right. He is a rather conflicted person - he is ready to start a dispute with a person of any age and position in society, but meanwhile, he is ready to listen to his opponent, analyze his arguments, or pretend that he is doing them. In this regard, Bazarov's position lies in the following thesis: "Prove to me that you are right and I will believe you."
Despite Eugene's readiness for discussion, he is very stubborn, it is difficult to convince him, throughout the novel no one managed to completely change his attitude towards certain things: "When I meet a person who would not give in to me, then I will change my mind about myself."
Folklore elements in the image of Bazarov
Evgeny Bazarov does not have the gift of eloquence. He does not like the sophisticated way of speaking of aristocrats. “I ask you one thing: do not speak beautifully,” he says to his friend Kirsanov. In the manner of conversation, Eugene adheres to the principles of the common people - a slightly rough speech with a lot of folklore interspersed - proverbs and sayings.
Bazarov's proverbs and sayings reflect the position of a young doctor in society.
Many of them refer to the condition of the people and their ignorance. "A Russian person is good only because he has a bad opinion of himself." In this case, the situation is aggravated by the fact that Yevgeny has an ambivalent attitude towards ordinary people. On the one hand, he despises peasants for their lack of education and excessive religiosity. He does not miss the opportunity to ridicule this fact: “The people believe that when the thunder rumbles, it is Elijah the prophet in a chariot driving around the sky. Well? Should I agree with him?" On the other hand, in his origin, Eugene is closer to ordinary people than to the aristocracy. He sincerely sympathizes with the peasants - their position in society is extremely difficult, many are on the verge of poverty.
Bazarov rejects the existence of man in harmony with nature. He believes that a person has the right to dispose of all the available resources of nature, and not to revere it: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it."
He believes that sometimes the desire for education crosses all boundaries. common sense and people fill their heads with information they don’t need at all: “In the suitcase there was empty place and I put hay in it; so it is in our life suitcase: no matter what they fill it with, as long as there is no emptiness.
Bazarov's attitude to love and romance
Being a cynic and pragmatist, Bazarov completely rejects feelings of love and sympathy. “Love is rubbish, unforgivable nonsense,” he says. In his eyes, a man who let love take over his mind is not worthy of respect.
"A man who put his whole life on the line female love and when this card was killed for him, he became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person is not a man, not a male.
This is primarily due to neglect Bazarov to women in general. In his concept, women are very stupid creatures. “If a woman can support a half-hour conversation, this is a good sign.” He considers love affair with a woman only from the position of physiology, other manifestations are not familiar to him, therefore he rejects them.
In this regard, Bazarov admits contradictions. Despite statements about the uselessness of women for society, he prefers their society, especially if the representatives of the opposite sex have an attractive appearance.
The love story of Bazarov and Odintsova
Evgeny Bazarov was very cynical about any manifestations of tenderness and love. He sincerely did not understand people who lose their heads from love - it seemed to him something indecent, and such behavior was unworthy for a self-respecting person. “Here you go! the women were scared!" he thought.
At one fine moment, Eugene meets Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a young widowed girl, and falls into the network of love bonds. At the beginning, Eugene did not realize his love. When he and Arkady Kirsanov visited Odintsova in her room, Bazarov felt an incomprehensible, unusual confusion for him.
Odintsova invites her friends to visit her on the estate. Arkady, unlike Evgeny, does not hide his admiration for the girl, the trip will in a good way to improve relations and achieve the favor of the girl.
However, the opposite happens - a trip to Odintsova's estate became disastrous for Kirsanov's love, but gave hope to Bazarov.
At the beginning, Eugene tries to hide his feelings. He begins to behave too freely and cheekily. However, this does not last long - love experiences more and more take possession of Bazarov: “His blood caught fire as soon as he remembered her; he would easily cope with his blood, but something else entered into him, which he did not allow in any way, over which he always mocked, which revolted all his pride.
The feeling of shame and discontent that has arisen gradually disappears - Bazarov decides to confess his feelings, but does not seek reciprocity. He notices that Odintsova also does not breathe evenly in relation to him, so her neglect of feelings is depressing for him. Eugene does not know the exact reason for the refusal, and does not dare to find out about this from his beloved.
Thus, Evgeny Bazarov is a very controversial character in Turgenev's novel. He is talented and smart, but his rudeness and cynicism negate all his virtues. Bazarov does not know how to find a compromise in communicating with people, he is outraged by the fact of disagreement with his point of view. He is ready to listen to his opponent, but in practice everything looks different - this is just a tactical move - everything is decided for Bazarov, he is not interested in other positions.
The image of Evgeny Bazarov in the novel "Fathers and Sons": a description of the personality, character and appearance in quotes
4.2 (84.62%) 13 votesThe greatest creation of the master of psychology I.S. Turgenev. He wrote his novel at a turning point, when advanced people societies were interested in the future of Russia, and writers were interested in the search for the hero of the time. Bazarov (the characterization of this character clearly demonstrates what the most developed youth of that time was like) is central character novel, all the threads of the narrative are reduced to it. He is the one bright representative new generation. Who is he?
General characteristics (appearance, occupation)
As a writer-psychologist, Turgenev thought through everything to the smallest detail. One of the ways to characterize a character is the appearance of the hero. At Bazarov high forehead, which is a sign of intelligence, narrow lips, speaking of arrogance and arrogance. However big role plays the clothes of the hero. Firstly, it shows that Bazarov is a representative of raznochintsy democrats (the younger generation, opposed to the older generation of liberal aristocrats of the 1940s). He is dressed in a long black hoodie with tassels. He is wearing loose trousers made of coarse fabric and a simple shirt - this is how Bazarov is dressed. The image turned out to be more than speaking. He does not pursue fashion trends, moreover, he despises the elegance of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, whose appearance is completely opposite. Simplicity in dress is one of the principles of the nihilists, whose position the hero has taken, so he feels closer to common people. As the novel shows, the hero really manages to get close to ordinary Russian people. Bazarov is loved by the peasants, followed by the yard children. By occupation, Bazarov (characteristic of the hero in terms of profession) is a doctor. And who else could he be? After all, all his judgments are based on German materialism, where a person is considered only as a system in which its own physical and physiological laws operate.
Nihilism Bazarov
Bazarov, whose character is certainly one of the most striking in the literature of the 19th century, adhered to one of the most popular teachings of that time - nihilism, which means "nothing" in Latin. The hero does not recognize any authorities, does not bow to any life principles. The main thing for him is science and knowledge of the world by experience.
External conflict in the novel
As noted above, Turgenev's novel is multifaceted, two levels of conflict can be distinguished in it: external and internal. At the external level, the conflict is represented by the disputes between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.
Disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov concern different sides human life. The most irreconcilable Bazarov is in relation to art, especially poetry. He sees in it only empty and useless romanticism. The second thing the characters are talking about is nature. For people like Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, nature is god's temple in which a person rests, they admire its beauty. Bazarov (the character's quotes confirm this) is categorically against such chanting, he believes that nature is "a workshop, and a person is a worker in it." In a conflict with Pavel Petrovich, the hero often behaves rather rudely. He speaks unflatteringly about him in the presence of his nephew, Arkady Kirsanov. All this shows Bazarov not from the very better side. It is for such an image of the hero that Turgenev will subsequently suffer. Bazarov, whose characteristic in many critical articles does not affect Turgenev, turned out to be undeservedly scolded by the author, some even believe that Turgenev slanders the entire younger generation, undeservedly accusing him of all sins. However, do not forget that older generation is also not at all praised in the text.
Relationship with parents
Bazarov's nihilism clearly manifests itself at all moments of his life. Parents who have not seen their son for a long time are eagerly waiting for him. But they are slightly shy of their serious and educated child. The mother pours out her feelings, and the father embarrassedly apologizes for such intemperance. Bazarov himself seeks to leave as soon as possible parental home, apparently, because he is afraid of suddenly showing warm feelings. According to German materialism, a person cannot have any spiritual attachments. On his second visit, Eugene also asks his parents not to interfere with him, not to bother him with their care.
Internal conflict
The internal conflict in the novel is obvious. It lies in the fact that the hero begins to doubt his theory, he is disillusioned with it, but cannot come to terms with it. The first doubts about nihilism arise in Bazarov when he meets Sitnikov and Kukshina. These people call themselves nihilists, but they are too small and insignificant.
Love line in the novel
The test of the hero by love is a classic for the genre of the novel, and the novel "Fathers and Sons" was no exception. Bazarov, an inveterate nihilist who denies any romantic feelings, falls in love with the young widow Odintsova. She conquers him at the first sight, when he sees her at the ball. She differs from other women in beauty, majesty, her gait is graceful, every movement is royally graceful. But her most important feature is intelligence and prudence. Just prudence will prevent her from staying with Bazarov. At first, their relationship seems friendly, but the reader immediately understands that a spark of love flashed between them. However, none of them is able to step over their principles. Evgeny Bazarov's confession looks ridiculous, because at the moment of revelation his eyes are more full of anger than love. Bazarov is a complex and controversial image. What makes him angry? Of course, that his theory collapsed. Man is and has always been a being with a living heart, in which the most strong feelings. He, who denies love and romance, is subdued by a woman. Bazarov's ideas collapsed, they were refuted by life itself.
Friendship
Arkady Kirsanov is one of Bazarov's most devoted supporters. However, it is immediately noticeable how different they are. In Arcadia, as in his family, there is too much romanticism. He wants to enjoy nature, he wants to start a family. Surprisingly, Bazarov, whose quotes to Pavel Petrovich are harsh and unfriendly, does not despise him for this. He guides him on his path, realizing at the same time that Arkady will never be a true nihilist. At the moment of the quarrel, he insults Kirsanov, but his words are rather thoughtless than evil. A remarkable mind, strength of character, will, calmness and self-control - these are the qualities that Bazarov possesses. The characteristic of Arkady looks weaker against his background, because he is not like that. outstanding personality. But at the end of the novel, Arkady remains a happy family man, and Yevgeny dies. Why?
Meaning of the end of the novel
Many critics reproached Turgenev for "killing" his hero. The end of the novel is very symbolic. For such heroes as Bazarov, the time has not come, and the author believes that it will never come at all. After all, humanity is kept only because it has love, kindness, respect for the traditions of ancestors, culture. Bazarov is too categorical in his assessments, he does not take half measures, and his sayings sound blasphemous. He encroaches on the most valuable - nature, faith and feelings. As a result, his theory breaks on the rocks of the natural order of life. He falls in love, cannot be happy just because of his beliefs, and in the end he dies altogether.
The epilogue of the novel emphasizes that Bazarov's ideas were unnatural. Parents visit their son's grave. He found peace in the midst of beautiful and eternal nature. In an emphatically romantic vein, Turgenev depicts a cemetery landscape, once again pursuing the idea that Bazarov was wrong. "Workshop" (as Bazarov called it) continues to bloom, live and delight everyone with its beauty, but the hero is no more.
The inner world of Bazarov and his external manifestations . Turgenev draws a detailed portrait of the hero at the first appearance. But strange thing! The reader almost immediately forgets individual facial features and is hardly ready to describe them in two pages. The general outline remains in memory - the author presents the hero's face as repulsively ugly, colorless in colors and defiantly wrong in sculptural modeling. But he immediately separates facial features from their captivating expression (“It was animated by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence”).
The first thing that catches your eye in Bazarov's behavior can be interpreted as a manifestation of self-confidence. He is distinguished by a certain rudeness of behavior, unwillingness to follow the rules good manners and even elementary standards of decency. His behavior is in contrast to the sincere in its affability manner of the good-natured Nikolai Petrovich, the refined coldish courtesy of his brother, or the enthusiastic verbosity of Arkady. Here the hero meets the father of a friend, the future owner of the house, where he has to stay: “Nikolai Petrovich<…>squeezed him hard<...>hand”, but Bazarov “immediately gave him his”, to kind questions “answered in a lazy but courageous voice”. The careless manner of communication adopted by him extends to representatives of all classes. Here, at the inn, for the first time we become witnesses of Bazarov's communication with the peasants. ““Well, turn around, thick-bearded!” - Bazarov turned to the coachman. However, this well-aimed rude characterization did not offend the peasants at all: “Listen, Mityukha,” another coachman standing right there picked up<…>, - how did the barin call you? Thick-bearded and there.
Bazarov's harsh simplicity attracts those around him more than Pavel Petrovich's aristocratic courtesy, from which, according to Fenechka's apt remark, "it will give you such a chill." Nikolai Petrovich, although he was "afraid of the young nihilist," nevertheless "listened to him willingly, willingly attended his physical and chemical experiments". Servants "attached" to him, not excluding Peter, who was limited in complacency. Bazarov is followed, "like little dogs", by peasant children. He also made friends with Fenechka. At first, the young nihilist allowed himself an ironic remark about Nikolai Petrovich. But going up to the embarrassed Fenechka, he behaved with all courtesy. “Allow me to introduce myself,” he began with a polite bow, “a friend of Arkady Nikolayevich and a humble person.” The stern doctor unmistakably touched a weak string in the mother's heart - he showed attention to her child. Bazarov's charm was recognized even by little Mitya: "Children feel who loves them." Subsequently, Bazarov more than once, as a doctor, will come to the aid of Mitya. And all this with the same joke, banter. Behind this lies a desire so that Fenechka does not feel obliged to him. Here, in this house, Fenechka, the unofficial wife and mother of an illegitimate child, sometimes has a hard time already - Bazarov understands this. As a human being, he sympathizes with Fenechka, but prefers not to interfere in the complex family situation. "She's a mother - well, right."
Households, servants, children - all of them are really humanly interesting to him. And he himself is an interesting personality, which irresistibly attracts people of all classes. In the artless simplicity of behavior, Arkady imitates Bazarov. It turns out, however, that it is very difficult to be simple and democratic with everyone. With Arkady, this comes out intentionally, and with all the sincerity of intentions, it is unnatural. He wants to meet Fenechka and goes to her room without warning. The father, who remained in the living room with a beating heart, comes to mind “that Arkady would have shown him almost more respect if he had not touched this matter at all.” Arkady enthusiastically accepted the acquaintance with his stepmother and the presence of a little brother in the world. But behind the impulse of generosity hides arrogance hidden from itself. Secretly, the young man admires the breadth of his own views. It does not occur to Arkady that such generosity humiliates his father, although he is glad of the sincerity of his eldest son's feelings. About the ensuing scene of a kindred embrace, the author notes: "... There are touching situations, from which you still want to get out as soon as possible."
There is a certain gradation in the rude and uninhibited manners of Kirsanov's guest. In some cases, they mask a subtle delicacy, as with Fenechka. In others, they are an open response to disguised rudeness. So, on the day of his arrival, he "fell off" after Arkady, even for a minute he had no intention of leaving. But he preferred unceremonious departure to Pavel Petrovich’s pointed disregard (“He didn’t shake hands<…>, put it back in his pocket"). In the future, we see how Bazarov's external severity helps him hide his inner embarrassment and even timidity (in relations with Anna Sergeevna). In any case, the author interprets Bazarov's behavior to us not only as a feature of his character, but also as national identity. “The only good thing about a Russian person is that he has a bad opinion of himself,” Bazarov casually but significantly drops in a conversation with Arkady.
Another feature of Bazarov, which cannot but arouse respect for him, is "the noble habit of work." This is the organic impossibility of an idle existence. It is noted that Bazarov woke up "earlier than anyone else" in the Kirsanovs' house the next day after a tiring road. When “about two weeks” had passed since his arrival, as a matter of course, the author says: “Life in Maryina flowed in its own order: Arkady was a sybarite, Bazarov worked.” Carrying out scientific experiments and observations, the hero is not afraid to get his hands dirty: “His linen coat and trousers were stained with mud; tenacious swamp plant wrapped around the crown of his old round hat ... "
The “enlightened mind” becomes the support for innate industriousness. With knowledge of the matter, Bazarov “explains” to his friend which trees, based on the state of the soil, should be planted in the garden instead of the dead oaks. He "in a few minutes" penetrated into weak sides economy of Nikolai Petrovich. In everything that concerns applied, experienced, scientific knowledge Bazarov, shows a wide education, observation and mind. At the same time, knowledge was not easy for him. The son of a doctor, the owner of a village, and twenty-two souls of peasants must have had a harder time than his friend. Subsequently, Bazarov's father proudly betrays Arkady family secret: “... Another person in his place would have pulled and pulled from his parents; and we, believe me? He never took an extra penny!..” Absolute disinterestedness, male desire to rely solely on own forces distinguishes Bazarov. “... The Rudins have knowledge without will; the Bazarovs have both knowledge and will ... ”- the critic rightly pointed out. WITH with good reason to Bazarov, you can apply the definition that Rudin was not awarded - "a genius nature."
To show in the hero his human attractiveness was part of the writer's task. “The Sovremennik will probably shower me with contempt for Bazarov,” he wrote in his diary, “and will not believe that during the entire time of writing I felt an involuntary attraction to him.” In one of the letters, Turgenev directly stated: “... If the reader does not fall in love with Bazarov with all his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness and harshness<...>- I am guilty and did not achieve my goal.
But as in the case of Rudin, dissonant notes are becoming stronger and stronger in the guise of a hero. “Thought and deed merge into one,” the radical critic D.I. wrote enthusiastically about Bazarov. Pisarev. No sooner said than done. Bazarov noticed "disorder" - the owner of the house, Nikolai Petrovich, "Pushkin reads<…>. It's no good. After all, he is not a boy: it's time to quit this nonsense. Bazarov, on the other hand, recognizes “something sensible” as useful reading. And on the same day, Arkady "silently, with a kind of affectionate regret on his face", "like a child" took away the ill-fated book from his father. In return, on the advice of a friend, he "put" a pamphlet by a German naturalist. Stop ... We see how in the nature of Bazarov, at first glance, open, simple and whole, aspirations are manifested that the moral sense cannot accept. And they arise as a kind of continuation of the cute features. We said that Bazarov's charm attracts everyone with whom life confronts him. A few days after his arrival, he is already the center of interest at home. The hero knows this and uses it, forcing others to live as he sees fit. External simplicity hides the need to skillfully manipulate the rest. After all, he did not take the book from the owner of the house himself, but pushed his friend to this, knowing that Arkady would be glad to demonstrate the breadth of his views, and Nikolai Petrovich would not object to his son. But, subordinating the interests of others to himself, Bazarov considers himself free from all the duties of a hostel. Turgenev makes us witnesses of how the hero violates all the rules of hospitality, respect for elders, and even moral standards. In the same episode with the book, Bazarov's actions clearly lead to a quarrel between father and son. The guest allows himself rude attacks against Uncle Arkady, in his presence and behind his back. The attentive reader will notice that this is done defiantly. The hero is obviously convinced that he has full right. But what about his democracy, his intelligence, which in our eyes is inherent in a person engaged in science?
The simpler and more democratic Bazarov behaves, the sharper his dissimilarity to those around him appears. It is clear to anyone that in front of him is an outstanding person. Odintsov, to whom he appears as "the future county doctor”, objected with liveliness:“ You don’t believe this yourself<…>. Is it possible for you to be satisfied with such a modest activity<…>!" Bazarov's father, Vasily Ivanovich, asks Arkady: “... After all, he will not reach the medical field<…>fame?.."
Of course, not in medicine, although in this respect he will be one of the first scientists.
On what<…>?
It's hard to tell now, but he'll be famous.
Does Bazarov know what hopes are placed on him? Knows. Arkady Bazarov casually recalls that he is the "grandson of the sexton." And he adds: "Like Speransky." Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky (1772-1839), who was born into a poor spiritual family, thanks solely to his mind and talents, made dizzying career- to the count and the minister of the court. Speransky was the closest adviser to two emperors - Alexander I and Nicholas I. Annoyed by his independent disposition, frightened by the radicalism of the proposed reforms, Alexander sent Speransky into exile. Subsequently, Nikolai, who claimed the throne, and the Decembrists agreed on one thing - one cannot do without the experience and knowledge of Speransky in the future government ...
The comparison, thrown as if by the way, reveals to us the boundaries of Bazarov's ambition. He is obviously preparing himself for the future. statesman. The only difference is that Speransky agreed to climb the steps of the existing social ladder. Bazarov is a nihilist. A special episode is devoted to the explanation of this social term and its meaning in the novel. Bazarov does not participate in it, although we are talking about him first. Arkady “with a grin” (how can one not know such simple things!) explains to his father and uncle: “... This word means a person who ...” “Who does not recognize anything?” - Nikolai Petrovich guesses. Pavel Petrovich reinforces the negative connotation of the meaning of "nihil" - "nothing": "... Who does not respect anything." But this too is too weak. “Who treats everything from a critical point of view ...” “A nihilist,” Arkady formulates, clearly from the words of Bazarov, “is a person who does not bow to any authorities, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respected this principle". But even this definition does not adequately reflect Bazarov's radicalism. Not without reason, in the speeches of young people, the most frequent verbs are “not to believe”, “deny”, “break”, “destroy”. “First you need to clear the place,” says Bazarov about his task and his like-minded people. "Turgenev's hero rejects<…>really everything - everything is real existing forms social structure, economic life, culture, everyday life and even the psychology of people<…>. Russia is in a dead end with no way out<…>. existing world must be completely destroyed, to the ground ... "
Bazarov, as a statesman, thinks in terms of all-Russian categories. We can hardly doubt that he is ready to take responsibility on a national scale. In the meantime, his tool is science. Natural science knowledge is useful not only as a means to reveal the secrets of nature and help a suffering person. The first to understand it main adversary nihilism, critic and writer Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov: “He is engaged in these sciences (natural) because, in his opinion, they directly lead to the solution of questions about these first causes,<…>a tool for the destruction of prejudices and for the enlightenment of people. “To enlighten people,” Bazarov is convinced, the book of German materialists is most suitable. No wonder he almost by force forces the unreasonable Nikolai Petrovich to read Buchner's popular pamphlet. Ludwig Buchner (1824-1899) - German physician, naturalist and philosopher, a convinced materialist. He was one of the propagandists of the theory of "social Darwinism." Charles Darwin's discoveries in the field of natural sciences were proposed to be transferred to the structure human society: principles natural selection, struggle for existence, survival of the fittest as determining factors public life. “The Germans are our teachers in this,” Bazarov says with gratitude.
But he goes further than his teachers. The Russian nihilist is inclined to interpret the title of Buechner's pamphlet "Matter and Force", skipping one letter, as "Matter - Force". Everything that is intangible, that cannot be touched, measured, tested empirically, is a prejudice. Culture, art, the power of nature, respect for the elderly - these are prejudices that must be destroyed in the name of the common good. Bazarov the nihilist offers this as a scientist and as public figure. The scientist Bazarov doubts the existence of these unreal concepts. The figure Bazarov denies their need, based on their belonging to the old world. old world bad - is it not the fault of culture? If he is to be swept away, his attributes will inevitably fall. So says the "hero of his time." But there is still Bazarov, a man who should be familiar with feelings and experiences?
“The religion of negation is directed against all authorities, and is itself based on the grossest worship of authority.<…>she has her own merciless idols,” the same Katkov pointed out venomously. The youth of the 1860s, contemporaries of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Pisarev, built their lives according to strict laws, thought out, worked out by reading books and talking with friends. It is not for nothing that the word “principles” comes from their lips sharply, rudely, categorically. And if for the sake of ideas it is required to abandon former attachments, to step over feelings - well, it's not scary. The hero proudly calls himself "self-broken". Subsequently, Bazarov will tell a friend that succumbing to feelings means for him - "to crumble." Instead, they are given a proud consciousness that they themselves, from beginning to end, are building their own destiny: “Education? ... Every person must educate himself - well, at least like me, for example<…>. As for time, why should I depend on it? Let it better depend on me.”
It is important for the author that Bazarov is precisely a Russian person, who, even in his extremes, was the embodiment of typical features national character. No wonder Ivan Sergeevich saw in him "pendant" (parallel) national hero, rebel Pugachev. As early as in Notes of a Hunter, Turgenev noted that “the Russian man is so confident in his strength and strength that he is not averse to breaking himself: he is little concerned with his past and boldly looks forward. What<…>reasonable - give it to him, but where it comes from - he doesn't care. Then the writer was inclined to evaluate this quality as definitely positive. But having met with the philosophy and practice of nihilism, he was alarmed. After all, the goals of nihilism are sublime and beautiful - the happiness of mankind. But is it not too much to give up in the name of "reasonable"? First of all, to engage in battle with your own soul, as the protagonist does throughout the novel. In many ways, therefore, Bazarov for his creator is a “tragic”, “wild”, “gloomy” figure.
The image of Yevgeny Bazarov occupies a central place in the entire novel. Not surprisingly, out of 28 chapters, he does not appear in only two. That is why all relationships are built around this hero and characters are grouped.
Bazarov's characterization is a complex chain of successive events connected with a new worldview. Eugene can be characterized from four sides:
1) Bazarov - " new person» . The time described in the novel was a time of mixed revolutionism, and Eugene was just a person who seems to deny everything - he is a nihilist, but at the same time presents himself as a democrat, that is, a supporter of a new trend in political thought. An outwardly unattractive hero surprises with his originality, intelligence and self-confidence. The characterization of Bazarov is also based on his materialistic views, similar to the views of many famous scientists (Mechnikov, Botkin, Pavlov).
2) Bazarov is a revolutionary. Bazarov's characterization confirms his revolutionary views: the hero openly argues with the liberal aristocracy in the person of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, he is harsh in his convictions and judgments, claims that society must first be corrected, and then there will be no diseases. The characterization of Bazarov can also indicate that Eugene completely denies beauty and any aesthetic pleasure.
3) Bazarov - theorist. The novel "Fathers and Sons" (the characterization of Bazarov, the protagonist of the novel, is compiled exactly according to the pages of the work) turned the minds of many people. The hero sought to build his life in accordance with nihilism - the theory of the denial of feelings, experiences and "all sorts of rubbish."
4) Bazarov - " folk hero» . The characterization of Bazarov shows that he knows how to deal with peasants, since he grew up in the village; he has a folk style of speech; he is easy to communicate with.
The whole novel is built on the reception of antithesis: the opposition of Yevgeny Bazarov with Arkady, with his uncle Pavel Petrovich, the opposition of democracy and aristocracy.
The confidence and determination of the hero each time make him enter into an argument with everyone, but in a relationship with Anna Odintsova complete characteristic Bazarova opens up from a completely different side: it turns out that this always brave and sharp young man, who denies beauty and feelings, is capable of deep and true love.
IN love conflict his best features: the ability to take a hit rejected feelings, but Bazarov with dignity came out of this "battle" and won a psychological victory over the egoism of his beloved woman), the ability to deep emotional experiences, reassessment of one's values. It is Anna Bazarov who dedicates his suicide note in which he asks to take care of his parents.
Why does Turgenev kill his hero? This question is difficult to answer unambiguously. The main reason is loneliness. Bazarov's characterization emphasizes this: the rejection of everything led him to doomed death.
Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" is on a par with the best Russian and world works of literature. Main character works, Evgeny Bazarov, is an outstanding and, at the same time, tragic personality. It can be ranked among the "superfluous" people who failed to realize their capabilities and their rich potential.
Evgeny Bazarov is a representative of a new, young generation in the novel. He is the personification of the changes that took place in society in the 60s of the 19th century. Bazarov is a commoner. With such a “ignoble” origin of his hero, the writer shows that raznochintsy and other people of a non-noble family are put forward in the first place in society. Aristocrats fade into the background in all respects: social, philosophical, cultural, domestic.
Bazarov is not rich, he earns for his education himself. Hero studies natural Sciences and will soon become a talented doctor. We see that this profession captivates Bazarov. He is ready to work to achieve results, that is, to help people, improve their lives.
Already the very appearance of Bazarov, his demeanor speaks of the great mind of the hero, his self-confidence: "it was enlivened with a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence."
Once in the "noble family" of the Kirsanovs, Evgeny Bazarov shocks the "fathers" with his views. It turns out that their friend Arkashi is a nihilist. What does this mean? “A nihilist is a person who does not bow to any authority, who does not take a single principle on faith, no matter how respected this principle is surrounded.” Indeed, Bazarov denies everything that was accumulated before him by previous generations. Especially his heart "rebels" against everything intangible: art, love, friendship, soul, finally. Bazarov considers all this to be inventions of aristocrats unfit for business, fantasies weak people. The hero says this to Pavel Petrovich: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet."
Evgeny Bazarov sees only one destruction as the goal of his life. He believes that the goal of his generation is to clear the place. The hero seeks to free life from everything accumulated by the aristocracy. Yevgeny Bazarov thinks that all this is completely unnecessary for the main participant in history - the people. For the sake of him, the hero does all his deeds.
Bazarov is sure that his generation should destroy. Other generations of children and grandchildren will build something new.
This hero looks at everything with a rational and material point vision. In his life there is no place for the slightest feeling. Even Bazarov considers love to be only simple physiology, the attraction of bodies and nothing more. From the views of this hero it breathes cold and death.
Turgenev by no means agreed with the philosophy of his hero. To debunk Bazarov's worldview, the author takes him through trials. Gradually it becomes clear that their hero can not stand it. Thus, the views of Bazarov, his foundation, the core of life, are collapsing. At the end of the novel, the hero dies, proving once again the incorrectness of his theory.
The biggest and most important test in Bazarov's life was love. He, who denied this feeling and despised the people who experienced it, fell in love himself. He fell in love strongly, passionately, with all the power that his nature was capable of. Love for Odintsova made Evgeny Vasilyevich reconsider his views, first of all, on himself. Does that mean love exists? Furthermore, all people are subject to it, and even such outstanding ones as Bazarov?
The hero ranked himself among the capable and strong people, in some ways even extraordinary. He thought that he would be able to control the situation and subordinate everything to the arguments of reason. But it was not there. The meeting with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova turned everything upside down in an instant.
The hero has mixed feelings for her. On the one hand, this strong love, and on the other hand, anger and even hatred: “Bazarov rested his forehead against the glass of the window. He was out of breath; his whole body seemed to tremble. But it was not the fluttering of youthful timidity, not the sweet horror of the first confession that seized him: it was a passion that beat in him, strong and heavy - a passion similar to malice and, perhaps, akin to it ... "
From that moment on, nihilistic theories in the life of the hero faded into the background. He became involved in medicine and natural experiments. Soon, having injured his finger, Bazarov becomes infected with typhus and dies. The last person he wanted to see was Odintsova. Only to her, Yevgeny Bazarov opens up completely and only asks her: “Blow on the dying lamp, and let it go out ...”
The hero dies. In this way, Turgenev debunks his nihilistic theory, proves to himself and to readers that with such views on life as Bazarov’s, it is not only impossible to bring benefit to others, but it is also impossible to be happy yourself. The "rebellious heart" of the hero was directed in the wrong direction, so his mighty potential disappeared without leaving a trace. Bazarov could not live by changing his views. His whole existence was based on nihilism. Realizing that he is not capable of being a nihilist, the hero dies first spiritually, and then physically. His "rebellious heart" simply stops beating.
