August 8, on Butovo training ground a ceremony dedicated to the anniversary of the start of mass executions in 1937-1938 took place. Exactly 80 years ago, the first shots were fired here: 91 people were shot.
During the event, the participants saw the monument "Garden of Memory" being prepared for the opening. The names of the victims of the mass executions that took place at the Butovo training ground are inscribed on the stone steles.
The consecration of the monument with the participation of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church and the official opening are scheduled for September this year.
In an address on behalf of the Government of Moscow in connection with the date, the importance of memorial complex in Butovo, as one of the most famous memorials in the world, dedicated to the memory victims political repression Soviet time.
The director of the memorial, Igor Garkavy, spoke about the project of the Garden of Memory monument and how historical memory is formed in May 2017 in an interview with the Battle of Memory at the Butovo training ground:
"... We believe that the best form of interfaith interaction is joint work to perpetuate the memory of the victims. For example, we are now making a memorial - an alley of memory, where the names of the victims will be immortalized on stone plaques - all without exception - 20,762 people whose names we know. We have already spoken with representatives of the diasporas about assistance in organizing the museum’s exposition.We see cooperation in this project as quite real shape interactions.
– Memorial and Sunday School are located in the former buildings of the NKVD special zone - doesn't this “succession” seem strange?
- In our understanding, this, one might say, is a natural development of the memorial complex. Wooden house, in which we are with you, is an outbuilding of the Drozhzhino-Butovo estate, which housed the special zone commandant's office in the 1930s. Therefore, it was so important to restore it and adapt it for museum use. The red three-story house is a former dormitory for students and employees of the MGB center, and the two-story building, on the ground floor of which the school is located, is a training center. Apparently, there was no fence on the territory of the burials at that time, and sports activities, training in hand-to-hand combat and shooting took place in the space where mass graves were underground.
The memorial to the Butovo test site has been in existence for more than 20 years and is constantly being developed. Butovo landfill in public consciousness became a kind of topos. Even people who have never been to Butovo and have not seen these mass graves, in discussions they talk about the Butovo training ground. He became a symbol of that era literally before our eyes - 20 years ago, several dozen people knew about him.
Solemn service at the memorial "Garden of Memory" at the Butovo training ground will be held . The ceremony starts at 14.00.
On this day from 12.00 to 16.00 buses from the metro station "Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard" will depart every 20 minutes.
September 27, 2017 by blessing His Holiness Patriarch Kirill, the Chairman of the Church and Public Council under the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' for perpetuating the memory of the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Church, Metropolitan Juvenaly of Krutitsy and Kolomna will consecrate the Garden of Memory memorial at the Butovo training ground.
The monument is dedicated to the victims of the repressions of 1937-38 who were shot and buried at the Butovo firing range.
In an interview with a correspondent of the website of the Moscow City Diocese about upcoming event said Archpriest Kirill Kaleda, rector of the Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia in Butovo, Chairman of the Commission for the Study of the Feat of the New Martyrs and Confessors and Perpetuation of the Memory of the Deceased Clergy at the Diocesan Council of Moscow, and Igor Garkavy, director of the Butovo Memorial Center.
We hope this will serve to unite our people
Much to our regret, this moment the state of our society is in a difficult position. People relate to history differently, and most of of our contemporaries does not want to know it at all. But without knowledge of history as the foundation of our development, it is simply impossible to build the life of the people. Therefore, the creation of such a memorial as the "Garden of Memory" is one of the important stones in the foundation of our future and preservation historical memory our people.
I must say that the Church approached this issue very delicately. The monument is erected not only to the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church and Orthodox Christians, but to all those who suffered from the repressions in Butovo, regardless of their religion, nationality, and even regardless of whether the person was rehabilitated or not. The Church records the names of all those who suffered and were buried at this site, including the names of those who, at some stage in their lives, took part in the formation of a new regime and a new way of life in the Soviet Union. The Church hopes that this will serve to unite our people.
Do not think that those terrible times have passed, and you can forget about them. It is necessary to honor the memory of previous generations in every family, in every home. Collect materials about the lives of your relatives, study where they lived, what they did, pay special attention to the generations of the 20th century, and I think that in many cases it will turn out that one or another family member suffered, or even disappeared without a trace. So try to keep the memory of these people, tell your children about them!
This is our contribution to perpetuating the memory of the victims of terrible repressions.
On September 27, a grandiose monument dedicated to all the victims at the Butovo training ground will be consecrated. It was developed by us, in particular, the Memorial Center was involved in the creation of its concept. This monument has been the subject of discussion since the mid-1990s; it has been waiting for its implementation for a long time. All these years, the relatives of the victims who came here wanted only one thing: that their name loved one was immortalized. We saw how in other places like Butov, people spontaneously began to put up signs with the names of relatives. In Kommunarka, for example, people come and tie a photo and the name of an ancestor who suffered here to any tree. This, of course, makes an impression, but still it is chaos. And in such an important case, it should not be.
But there is more serious problem: someone's name, thanks to relatives, we will remember, but next to him lie another 20 thousand people. Who will remember them? This issue should not remain unresolved. We have been developing the very idea of perpetuating all names for a very long time, because even from a technical point of view, displaying 20,000 names on any medium, be it stone, wood or plastic, is extremely difficult, because the area is very large. In addition, another side of the issue arose. We were told: “How is it? Do you want to place the names of the New Martyrs on the memorial plaques next to the names of the criminals? After all, criminals were also shot here. Next to the names of the Latvian riflemen, who were once the beauty and pride of the revolution, and in the 37th year were put into "expenditure"? (Such a fate was prepared for one of the most famous assistants of Felix Dzerzhinsky, Martin Latsis, who was the bloody executioner of the times civil war)". And we seriously thought about how to solve this problem, how to place the names of everyone on these boards: heroes, martyrs, executioners, and criminals. But nevertheless, it was decided to perpetuate the names of all the victims in Butovo, rehabilitated and not rehabilitated.
It took a lot of time to agree on the concept of the monument and its technical solution. I proposed to make for this monument the shape of an open moat, or rather an open mound, because all the burial ditches in Butovo look like earthen mounds covered with lawn grass from above.
When relatives of people who were shot here come to the Butovo firing range, they often ask the question, in which ditch is my relative lying, in this one or in that one? After all, there are several of them. But the moats keep many secrets and mysteries, and, apparently, it will always be so, we will never know in which moat the Hieromartyr Seraphim Chichagov rests, and in which Martin Latsis. It is impossible to write over each moat the names of the people lying there. Therefore, we symbolically, as it were, push the ground apart and descend into this crevice along a special ramp, around us are stone plaques with the names of the executed, and these names are grouped by the days of the execution of the sentences. So we don't just read these names, we read historical document who did not divide people into criminals and holy martyrs.
The idea of dividing the names of the dead by day is also very important because the human mind cannot and does not want to contain the terrible truth that this was once possible, a person does not perceive such huge numbers, this fact becomes even somewhat mythical for him. . Therefore, it is very important to help him imagine the unimaginable number of victims lying in these ditches. Going down this pit, a person first passes one path, dedicated to 1937, which is 150 meters long, then the second, dedicated to 1938, the same length. The total length of the granite slabs on which the names are engraved is 300 meters. I see it as very important that a person descends precisely into the ditch, then he feels himself in the place of those who were shot and thrown into this pit. A person, of course, does not see the remains of the dead, because the memorial ditch was made twenty meters from the real burials, but it is on the same level, very close to the dead, and this makes a strong impression on the soul of a person.
In the center of the moat is a bell of memory that a person can strike. I know from my own experience that, having descended into this execution ditch, a person experiences such feelings that need to be expressed. Despite how many years we have been designing it, passing through ourselves, how many years I have literally been living in this memorial, and still, every time I went down inside, I felt very powerful emotions, and the bell is a universal metaphor for our common human memory of the past. Between these two paths, an apple orchard grows - a symbol of the fact that memory must live and bear fruit.
This monument is also unique in that it was created without the support of the state and representatives of other faiths. Only the Russian Orthodox Church, or rather the parish of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia in Butovo, at the expense of the relatives of the victims, built the largest monument dedicated to them in our country.
This is our contribution to perpetuating the memory of the victims of those terrible repressions. We timed the opening of the monument to the 80th anniversary of the start of mass executions in 1937. Therefore, on September 27, we invite everyone to come to Butovo at 14:00. It is recommended to arrive an hour before the start, then there will be an opportunity to be among the first to walk along these paths along granite slabs and get a grasp of the names of those who rest at the Butovo range.
The opening of the memorial will take place on September 27, the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. The ceremony starts at 14.00.
On this day from 12.00 to 16.00 buses from the metro station "Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard" will depart every 20 minutes. The entrance to the burial grounds will be opened from the side of the wooden church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Church.
The memorial "Garden of Memory" was built on the territory of the Butovo training ground with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus'. Work on the creation of the memorial was initiated by the community of the Church of the Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia.
The concept was developed by Archpriest Kirill Kaleda and director of the Butovo Memorial Scientific and Educational Center I.V. Garkavy. The project was prepared by the architect A.N. Zhernakov.
The work was financed by S.A. Vasiliev, CEO GK "Video-International", the grandson of V.A. Petrov, and donations from citizens, especially the relatives of the victims. The construction was carried out by Helga LLC.
In search of archival information great help provided by employees of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the archives of the FSB in Moscow, information center Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Moscow Region, FSB for the Kaluga and Ryazan Regions.
Cold piercing wind, sleet. And about 200 people in front of the new monument are relatives of those who died in the crash of Kogalymavia Flight 9268. They can be recognized by the flowers in their hands and the tears that freeze on their eyelashes.
FLY AND LAND
Banner with photos of 224 people who soared into the sky over Sharm el-Sheikh, but never returned home. Military band. A corridor made of slabs cast from Corten steel. 224 names are carved on them.
In the center are three stainless steel cylinders, a kind of improvised organ. IN windy days a hum will be heard here, reminding that the plane must fly and land.
Rostvenniks held portraits of dead relatives in their hands Photo: Oleg GOLD
Next to the memorial is an alley of still very thin maples. It seems that they are tied to pegs, connected by a single thread. As well as the people who were connected by this terrible day. Klenov 107, a tree for each orphaned family. They wanted to plant 224, but there would not be enough space.
Opposite, across the path, there are 25 small green Christmas trees, a reminder that 25 children became victims of the plane crash.
Trees planted in memory of children who died in the crash Photo: Oleg GOLD
The memorial was laid exactly a year ago. September 6, 2016 government Leningrad region chose the option of a monument to the victims of the Sinai plane crash from 28 submitted options. The winner was the project "Garden of Memory". And now, a year later, the garden turned green.
LIVING MEMORY
The Minister of Transport of Russia Maxim Sokolov at the opening of the monument expressed his gratitude to the Governor of the Leningrad Region Alexander Drozdenko and officials for giving all possible support to "those who will now be remembered all their lives." He also announced the beginning of a moment of silence.
“We are opening not just a memorial, but an alley of living trees, a reminder of those whose lives were cut short. They flew happy, they wanted to talk about their vacation ... - Alexander Drozdenko interrupted the silence.
The ceremony was attended by the governor of the Leningrad region Alexander Drozdenko. Photo: Oleg GOLD
We are opening not just a memorial, but an alley of living trees, a reminder of those whose lives were cut short. They flew happy, they wanted to talk about their vacation ..., - interrupted the silence Alexander Drozdenko.
The governor of the 47th region noted that everyone can sit down and relax in the garden of memory, because benches are installed on the alley, and the memorial is illuminated. Relatives will be able to plant their tree here and take care of it.
– The graves are scattered around different places, and here, at this memorial, relatives will be able to gather, - he added. - Memory is the main thing that we have.
He was followed by the Chairman of the Committee on social policy Alexander Rzhanenkov.
“Our sacred task is to remember,” the official noted. And do everything possible to prevent this from happening again in the future.
CREATIVITY, INSTANT AND ETERNITY
The founder of the Flight 9268 charity fund, Valery Gordin, who lost his son Leonid over Sinai, could hardly restrain his emotions.
“Two years ago we were told at Crowne Plaza that they weren't there,” Gordin recalled. - We realized that life will not be the same as before. We had to learn to live with this memory. We have united. And it helped... Not only relatives need memory: we used to be like you, but we all walk under the same sky. And God forbid that this cup passed by everyone.
The memorial was sprinkled with holy water Photo: Oleg GOLD
Amalia Vishneva, the mother of 27-year-old customs inspector Armen Vishnev, who died in a plane crash, presented a book in memory of the Light of the Eternal Trail. The woman held the first copy in her hands. On the cover there are clouds, a stopwatch and a feather as symbols of eternity, moments and creativity.
The governor was shown the book of memory "Light of the eternal trail" Photo: Oleg GOLD
The 456-page book, which the authorities of the Leningrad region helped publish, consists of photographs and poems dedicated to the dead. For each - a reversal. In total, there are 170 authors in the book of creation, among which 40 poems were written by relatives and friends of the victims.
“For the first decade of 2016, we counted more than one and a half thousand poems dedicated to the tragedy over Sinai,” Vishneva said. Every word is like a tear...
THE WAY TO HEAVEN
- Hopelessness, emptiness ... It seemed that we could not live on, but the whole country responded to tears, - said at the monument Oksana Fedorovawho lost her parents in Egypt Alla and Alexander Radlevich. - This garden will bloom and live, like our memory.
Bishop Ignatius of Vyborg and Priozersky performed a prayer service at the memorial and sprinkled the monument with holy water. Relatives crossed themselves, sobbing. Someone kissed the portraits of their dead loved ones brought with them.
The opening of the monument was marked by the launch of 224 white balloons into the air. Photo: Oleg GOLD
The opening of the monument was marked by the launch of 224 white balloons into the air, which symbolized innocent souls who had gone to heaven. Some balls clung to the trees, as if not wanting to leave.
Finally, relatives, as well as officials, laid flowers at the monument. All 224 names were read over the monument.
The myth of the "Butovo training ground" has become a rallying point for anti-Russian forces, just like a holiday Great Victory- the point of assembly of patriotic forces. They are trumped by both the liberal and the former. Every handshake person should remember the infinite number of "innocent victims of the Bolshevik experiment killed by a tyrant" buried at the Butovo training ground.
A museum is being created, funds are being created, a whole Butovo cultural tradition etc.
And the king is naked. In fact, there is nothing to rely on.
Let's look for the facts.
In the editorial board, we notice the de-Sovietizer Fedotov M.A., Doctor of Law, Professor, Chairman of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights at that time. (Now I don’t know what post he is doing. What is clear)
“It is very important that the base will be constantly replenished new information. Over time, its online version on the site www.sinodik.ru should become a kind of electronic encyclopedia monument of history Butovo polygon.»
We find an article by I. V. Garkavy and L. A. Golovkova, members of the editorial board: “Butovo test site in the past and present”
Completely without reference to any of the most trifling source, the reader is introduced to the topic:
“In the middle of 1930. On the eve of mass executions, the Economic Department of the NKVD took care of finding places for burials. Near Moscow, three such objects were identified: in the area of the village of Butovo, ...
Local residents were informed that practice shootings would be carried out near their villages. After the infamous order of N. I. Yezhov No. 00447 of July 30, 1937, mass executions began here. In total, from August 8, 1937 to October 19, 1938, 20,761 people were killed at the training ground. The first execution on these orders was carried out here on August 8, 1937. On this day, 91 people were killed.”
And off we go: how the executions were carried out, how the executed were brought, when, on what, accompanied by whom, etc. Interesting, but there are no sources. From the word GENERALLY.
Garkavy writes as if he himself was a participant in the executions. We won't believe. Does not go by age.
“Already in 1994, a group of believers, according to the sketch of D. M. Shakhovsky, built the Poklonny Cross, at the same time, the first liturgy was served in the camp tent church on the territory of the training ground. The labors of Fr. Cyril and members of the church community, work began on the improvement of the territory of mass graves ... "
Please note: it's on social activity, everything is already as if everything has been known for a long time, no one is afraid - what if a mistake? But only
“in August 1997 In August 1997, with the blessing of His Holiness the Patriarch, archaeological excavations. A section of the burial moat with an area of 12.5 m2 was opened. The remains of 59 people were found on the open surface of the burial. In total, 13 ditches have now been identified, with a total length of almost 900 meters..
Not a word about whether something was found or not, but
“On August 9, 2001, by a decree of the Government of the Moscow Region, the Butovo polygon was declared a monument of history and culture of local significance. Together with protected areas total area historical monument was about 3 square meters. kilometers. In 2005-2006, the territory was landscaped and mounds were made over the burial ditches.”
Oops, and already mounds. They fell asleep everything. It's like they're covering their tracks. But what about the investigation, gentlemen-comrades? How about expertise? Not a word.
But " In 2002, at the initiative of the parishioners of the church and relatives of the victims, with the blessing of His Holiness the Patriarch, in order to coordinate the efforts of state, religious and public organizations to create a memorial complex, the Butovo Memorial Scientific and Educational Center was created.
Its main statutory goal (attention!) is “in restoring historical justice by preserving for future generations, to the maximum extent possible, the spiritual, scientific and aesthetic values created by people who died during the mass repression».
So far, nothing has been heard about the mentioned created values.
Already and Through the joint efforts of the Center and the Parish, the Museum of the Memory of the Victims is being created, for which the building of the former commandant's office of the Butovo special zone of the NKVD was restored by the parish.
« It is based on the execution lists of the NKVD, covering the names of 20,761 people, published in the Books of Memory "Butovo polygon". Gradually, disparate documents and evidence are combined around this list, the analysis of which can only be carried out when creating a database.
- that is, there was no analysis and no work. Well, what are the execution lists? Let's see! Where did they come from like a piano from the bushes?
But, perhaps, let's go to the "documents and evidence" section, and there we will see the fruits of the work of the guardians of historical memory?
No, it's empty. Virginly empty. p8.inetstar.ru/docs/ or ht...
In the "Research" section - "From the notes of the Hieromartyr Sergius Sidorov, who was shot at the Butovo training ground on September 27, 1937"
His story about the funeral of Patriarch Tikhon is given. All.
The story of a relative of the repressed. She remembers relatives. The story ends like this:
“In 1962, Boleslav Stanislavovich received three certificates: “Rehabilitated for lack of corpus delicti.” The years of death were indicated: 1942, 1943. Allegedly, they died in the camps during the war from some kind of disease.
And an indistinct attempt to somehow connect it with Butovo. “Then no one knew about Butovo.”
Is it possible to rely on THIS as evidence? - No.
Another work: Smirnova T. A. Portrait of Count Yuri Olsufiev.
We read the portrait. Where is Butovo? Here is Butovo: in the last line.
““Saying goodbye to life, I would like to say goodbye to it here” . July 10/23, 1933, Staraya Ladoga12.
He was shot on the cold night of March 14, 1938 at the Butovo training ground near Moscow. Is there any logic? There is no logic. To hell with logic! A matter of national importance.
It was a warm up. Now to your attention another study, the author is unknown.
The bigger the lie, the more people will believe it.
There is a lot of talk about this place now.
The term "Russian Calvary" has already been put into circulation, anyone can google and find a million links on this issue, from dry documentaries to yellowness of various levels.
I hadn’t heard anything about the range before either, but I was always interested in this historical period, so, having heard it out of the corner of my ear, I decided to surf the net in more detail and see.
Well, I worked through a sufficient amount of material to see that they were all written off as a carbon copy: it is repeated everywhere that
"Only according to official data, between August 1937 and October 1938, 20,765 people were shot here"
(although according to other data, by the way, lying on the website dedicated to Butov - "in Moscow and the Moscow region, 27,508 people were sentenced to capital punishment for the period from 1935 to 1953"), it is everywhere said that for the burial of such a number of people a bulldozer (in some places - an excavator, and in one place even a certain hybrid "bulldozer-excavator" is described, even its name is given - "Komsomolets" (which is already an obvious invention - there were no such models, and they certainly did not give proper names to excavators, ) special ditches were dug, everywhere it is reported that “200, 300, 500 people were shot a day. The ditches were filled gradually.
The same facts, the same figures, in general, the source is clearly the same, most likely, this is the book "Butovo polygon. 1937-1938". M., Institute of Experimental Sociology, 1997.
Although someone (in general, without doubting either the numbers or the facts), nevertheless notices inconsistencies and tries to calculate (pure mathematics):
“The execution of sentences in Butovo was carried out by one of the so-called firing squads. According to and.about. commandant, it included 3-4 people, and on the days of especially mass executions, the number of performers increased. The special detachment, according to the driver of the NKVD depot, consisted of 12 people.
Let's assume that was involved maximum amount performers - 12 people. This means that each of them managed to kill 46-47 people. The sentenced were not "mowed down" by bursts, no: they were each individually shot in the back of the head. How long could this procedure take - taking out of the barracks in twos, directly shooting, returning to the barracks for new ones doomed to death? Let's take a minimum time of 10 minutes. So, for the execution of 46-47 sentenced, the performer spent 470 minutes - this is almost 8 hours of continuous killings!
This is explained simply - they drank vodka in liters, so they shot so accurately for eight hours in a row. It’s hard to believe, of course, - to jam the vodyaru for a whole working day, and even at the same time deftly manage both small arms and a sober prisoner all this time, yes. Not to mention alcohol intoxication and delirium tremens - apparently, only Yezhov's NKVD officers could function smoothly in this mode for a whole year.
In general, many doubt the numbers, but then they correct themselves: " Four executioners worked in Butovo. But let's say, on February 28, 1938, 562 people were shot at the firing range. It’s hard to imagine that everyone, like this, “in the back of the head”, killed more than 140 people, “because who wants to believe, he will believe:“ So, either there was help, or machine guns.
And, of course, appetites are growing: " The 20-thousand list is considered incomplete, they say that hundreds of thousands were shot here, says the director of the Butovo Memorial Scientific and Educational Center Igor Garkavy "- and in some publications they already boldly say that hundreds of thousands of those who were shot are lying on Butovo.
(from myself: if you go to the website of the Butovo "Project" sinodik.ru/?q=static&id=2
We will see in the calendar “On this day at the Butovo training ground” for today, April 27, that, according to the Project, 68 people were shot that day. In total, in April there were 5 dates when executions were carried out: 5.7, 11.14 and 27 April. In March - 8 dates. In May - 7. And months in two years - 24.)
Well, you can understand Garkavy, now Butovo is his job, he quite skillfully squeezes money from the budget for this business:
"For starters, we had to stop the construction here, in Drozhzhino, of a microdistrict of several multi-storey buildings ... a decision was made to preserve this place as a historical monument ... a project for the improvement and landscaping of the Butovo polygon monument is ready ... it will be necessary to decide on financing of works on landscaping. This question was put before the joint board of the Government of Moscow and the Moscow region. If we talk about what we could really do now if we had funds, then we could seriously start landscaping the territory ... We need money for repairs , but in fact the restoration of the surviving wing of the estate. We intended to organize a museum in this building. Funds are also needed for our archival work, current work, because we need and Consumables, and equipment, and at least some salaries for people ... The deeper we work on this project, the more problems arise so far. And mostly purely domestic. It is necessary to solve the issue of communications: first of all, electricity. We need to supply gas, everything needs to be changed."
In general, although "About Butovo, as a place of mass executions and burials", not a word was said either during the "Beria rehabilitation" or during the "Khrushchev thaw", and also nowhere was there "a single document, not a single order , at least indirectly confirming the existence of the Butovo special facility, "but some kind of information stuffing still happened, and now information is being distributed from it using the method of a damaged phone.
Question - sorry for the rhyme - where is the stuffing from? And for what? Isn't it enough, and so it was in the thirties? Why and to whom it became necessary to aggravate?
"In the Central Archive of the FSB, there is fund No. 7 containing acts on the enforcement of sentences, which no one looked into until 1991. It was there that the Mozokhin Group found documents indicating that in 1921-1928 the victims of repression were buried in the very center of Moscow on the territory of the Yauza hospital, from 1926 to 1936 - on Vagankovsky cemetery, and from 1935 to 1953. - partly burial, partly cremation of the executed was carried out in a Moscow crematorium on Donskoy cemetery. These documents contained clear instructions to the commandants of the cemeteries (who, among many other communal services, were then part of the NKVD system). The picture was as follows: for each fact of burial or cremation, there was a memorandum in which they asked to take so many corpses (about 10-20 per day) with a list of names.
Is it clear now. Accounting and control. However, the volumes are not the same. Little bloodthirsty. And then "In 1991, through the efforts community group under the leadership of M. Mindlin, execution lists of those sentenced to death with marks on the execution of sentences were discovered.
“At the end of 1991, in the archives of the Moscow Department of the MB, previously unknown, unregistered 18 volumes of cases with orders and acts on the execution of sentences for executions of 20,675 people from August 8, 1937 to October 19, 1938 were found.”
In the other place:
“And only at the end of 1991, previously unknown and nowhere registered materials were discovered in the archives of the Moscow KGB department. More precisely, 18 volumes of cases with orders and acts on the execution of sentences for executions of 20,675 people from August 1937 to October 1938 ... One from the "veterans" of the NKVD, whose name the powerful department did not want to reveal, certified their signatures and confirmed the presence of "special facilities" in Butovo and Kommunarka".
"The declassification of the Butovo test site was not without a journalist: it turned out to be A.A. Milchakov, the son of the repressed first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee A.I. on the territory of the Donskoy you can’t lay everyone down, somewhere it was necessary to bury the executed.
And here is Yagoda's dacha in Butovo, as well as the NKVD rest house, as well as the NKVD shooting range - that's it, everything grows together.
Well, Milchakov made a TV report (it is not clear when, but I think it was also in 1991, whoever remembers the then wave will understand everything - a spoon is expensive for dinner).
As I understand it (18 volumes), no one has seen the documents except for a group of researchers, although the lists of the executed are posted on the net, though not scans, but in Word format.
That's all the documents. And most of the links (who are not too lazy to google on their own, see for themselves) - to the words of unnamed " local residents"and what the group was told by a certain "Employee of the Center public relations FSB, former deputy. Head of the Rehabilitation Group, FSB Colonel M. E. Kirillin "(the speeches of this colonel generally wander from publication to publication? I wonder if this is a real person at all, and if so, where is he now - is he not in America or Britain, like his colleagues Suvorov-Rezun and Kalugin).
Journalists, as usual, paint:
"Hundreds of people ... silently wander along the narrow paths between thirteen filled-in ditches, which stand out noticeably against the background of the earth. Twenty thousand mute skulls under this earth, twenty thousand restless souls among these rare trees..."...
On the other hand, it is known that "In 1997, partial archaeological research was carried out: one of the burial ditches was opened. Burials in five layers were found on an area of only 12 square meters; experts counted the remains of 149 people here. ditches were made in the summer of 2002. Experts identified and mapped 13 burial ditches, but the research is not completed, and answers to many questions have not yet been found."
Help from a military archaeologist:
I do not observe any traces of the recovered remains in the Butovo photograph. According to Frolov, the soft tissues of the dead have been preserved. And that's right, it happens. But, at the same time, upon contact with air, these tissues instantly, in seconds, begin to decompose, forming a black, fetid slurry. But as I see it, the floor is not only not black, but generally dry. I don’t notice any traces of decay on the walls either, only at the top, but this is a natural leaf humus. The wall and floor should be black if there were soft fabrics. In our, Shikhov's, excavation there are no soft tissues, no blackness either.
It would seem that these questions should be answered! It’s not all the same to refer to rumors, to the words of nameless “former NKVD drivers”, to 18 volumes of “previously unaccounted for archives”, which no one except for the “public group led by M. Mindlin”, as I understand it, have not seen, and which have already been published six-volume archive.
After all, if, as they say, up to half a thousand people were actually shot a day, then it is necessary to carry out exhumation, reburial, in general, provide the world with evidence, and the dead with a worthy rest.
After all - "Thirteen ditches, filled to the top, like mud, with dead people."
Although no one is going to do this, as I understand it, they will immediately build a museum and a memorial complex, without really understanding what happened there.
Maybe because:
- And the remains were found specific people?
- No. To do this, apparently, to conduct some very complex research. Judging by the excavation that was done in 1997, there are no solid remains of, say, a human skeleton. Everything is mixed up there ... They filled up the ditches with anything, garbage.
Rubbish. From 20 to 100,000 victims were covered with garbage so that only 149 people were found. It is explained as follows: "it is simply impossible to identify individual remains now: the executed lie so tightly that the archaeologists who recently conducted excavations on twelve square meters found the remains of 149 people.
We found 149 at 12 meters, then, as I understand it, we multiplied this figure by the approximate area of \u200b\u200bthe ditches, and so the problem converged with the answer that was suggested by Mindlin's group. For some reason, I recall the case with the discovery of another mass grave site, about which it was immediately announced - here it is, another evidence of the crimes of the NKVD (and there they found children's remains, women's, etc.) - in general, they were just about to put another monument victims, as it turned out to be a plague burial of the thirteenth century.
In Butovo, the Butovo Memorial Center has already been created, work is underway to “create a memorial complex on the site of the former special zone of the NKVD-FSB Butovo”, and they also write that “A database is being created“ Victims of mass terror shot at the Butovo NKVD training ground in 1937 -1938 With the support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (grant No. 06-01-12140v), a unique software. Work is underway to digitize documents and photographs. The publication of this database on the Internet is being prepared", but for some reason it seems to me that the word "grant" is the key here and it is not worth counting on the appearance on the network of digitized documents confirming mass executions in Butovo in such a volume.
Especially when, already knowing about the "unexpectedly found" 18 volumes, undocumented stories of unknown eyewitnesses and Colonel M.E. these issues were resolved", and then "at the expense of the Moscow government in Drozhzhino, the road from Varshavskoe shosse was practically rebuilt. it becomes clear that the case was sanctioned from the very top, the most striking evidence of which is not even the FSB, but the fact that Luzhkov backed away from building a residential microdistrict there.
Already, "Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II laid a new stone church in Butovo", and bowed to the victims of the "Russian Golgotha".
It seems that all this creepy story with the landfill there is another anti-Soviet myth.
It's almost official now: The Butovo firing range is one of the largest sites in Europe for mass executions and burials of victims of political repressions.
And of course, " Our short memory and lack of repentance for the sins of communism, as it was in post-fascist Germany, inevitably leads Russia to the new year 1937".
In general, to the point, I’m all this to the fact that: does anyone have information on the landfill - except for that yellowness, rumors and the number 20,765, in general, what lies everywhere on the Internet and is distributed under a carbon copy from the same a dubious source?
Someone already subjected the information to scientific analysis? I tried to critically comprehend it and, perhaps, check it (my text, of course, does not pretend to anything like that - I have neither the time nor the skills, I just got interested in the topic). If you have info, please share.
I have no doubt that in the thirties there was a harsh lawlessness, nor in the slightest way I do not want to downplay the size of this tragedy, but I would like to know if this whole story with the landfill is not a falsification.
I would like to clarify.
Purely for myself. For now.
On reflection, it seems to me more and more that the story with the landfill is a falsification the purest water. Everything folds too neatly official version and too many unanswered questions remain on the merits.
I do not believe that four (and even 12) people could unleash such a massacre using revolvers alone. I do not believe that prisoners were taken to Butovo to be executed; this is still the outskirts, and in 1937, when Moscow was five times smaller, and the roads were five times worse, no one would drive paddy wagons to such a distance every night (one road for three hours in two directions, plus gasoline, plus depreciation).
I don’t believe that these so often mentioned ditches were dug specifically for executions - Butovo was officially a shooting range, and at each equipped shooting range there are always fortification and trench networks for training soldiers in conditions close to combat. Tales that some new types of weapons are being tested at shooting ranges are all jaundice, although such tests do happen, in 99 percent of cases the shooting range is used for training firing and running soldiers. Hence the trench lines, which, as I think, with the onset of war and the approach German troops to the capital were reinforced and converted for combat operations already as a line of defense. After the war, they were apparently partly filled in over time, and partly used as garbage collectors (hence the garbage in the ditches). We must not forget that in the area of the landfill there was previously a manor, and then - the warehouses of the NKVD and the rest house of the NKVD, so some part of the filled-in ditches may simply be traces of laying communications - gas, water, sewerage. In general, until the remains with traces of bullets are presented, as well as some sane documents on the executions at Butovo, the story can be questioned.
For mass graves in Katyn, for example, there are entire libraries, photo libraries, and even video libraries, but for Butovo, as I understand it, there are no documents, except for the aforementioned collection "Butovo test site. 1937-1938."
By the way, about the mass graves - did any of the journalists even try to think that a hecatomb of such a scale (and, as they say, sprinkled with a "thin layer of earth") is a guaranteed epidemic in the area?
How many crows should hang over the landfill, how many dogs and wild animals should come to dig graves, what hordes of rats should settle at the feast, what smell should be for kilometers around, and how quickly the plague spreading will grow in the global grave groundwater— and all this is near the capital?
And how much bleach should be poured into the ditches to avoid this - what kind of "thin layer of earth" is there, according to the sanitary standards I read somewhere for preventing epidemics when performing mass graves (mass graves) during the war, per kilogram of cadaveric weight at least 100 grams of bleach should be poured, and near settlements- half a kilo. Let's calculate the volume of chlorine delivery to Butovo?
And not yet official results exhumations - with traces of bullet holes, carbon analysis of the remains (to make sure that the burial is not of the thirteenth, say, century, and also not a gangster cache of the nineties for the corpses of the hostages), as well as shell casings, etc. - to check the weapons from which the shots were fired, because according to by and large, the Germans were there too, and fighting were there, so who the 149 discovered people were and who killed them still needs to be established) - in general, while everything is based on such a shaky foundation, this whole story is a little trustworthy.
In fact, only the names given are documented (as well as, as they say, biographies and summaries of the sentences of the executed), and, I think, they are all real - only where and from what documents they are taken is not very clear yet - after all, according to Between 1935 and 1953, 27,508 people were sentenced to capital punishment in Moscow and the Moscow Region, and about 800,000 throughout the country, so there are enough names for more than one training ground.
In the meantime, the following theory seems to me the most probable: after the August 1991 coup, on the wave of anti-Sovietism and the destruction of all the institutions of the USSR and its ideology, these “unexpectedly found 18 volumes” were thrown at the “memorials”, who are generally always used in the dark, as well as confirmations events made by unnamed individuals, as well as professional disinformers. This was inspired by the Yeltsin mafia in order to support the ideological justification of their terry anti-Sovietism, which, in turn, was the first step towards personal enrichment. However, at that stage, Yeltsin managed without Butov.
By 1993, the overall idea was clear. And the second wave of the Butovo story falls just at the time following the execution of the Palace of Soviets and the appearance of the term "red-brown", Mark Deutsch then wrote articles that began with the words "As you know, fascism and communism are one and the same" (now he is already expressed more modestly),
Well, the Butovo epic received another renaissance by 1995, when Yeltsin was elected for a second term (who still remembers "vote with your heart"), and when the USSR was drawn in such colors that it was even creepy. Why then there was no global stuffing of information that hecatombs of such a magnitude were found in the near Moscow region, I do not know - most likely, they simply did not have time to prepare the material so that it was perceived more holistically. After all, even now, after ten years of work, as we see, even a cursory glance makes us ask a lot of questions. Or maybe there were others, more effective methods, or simply the idea was abandoned for other reasons.
However, the fact that this project is not being promoted as it could be, but it is not being closed either (and we understand that Luzhkov would be happy to build a residential microdistrict there, regardless of how many people are buried there) suggests that he is being held back as a trump card for the future. Just in case. Especially, time is running, the people are becoming stupid, it is becoming easier to manipulate them, and in another five to ten years no one will even ask the slightest question whether there was a boy.
MOSCOW, 19 September. /TASS/. The Garden of Memory memorial will be opened on September 27 at the Butovo training ground, where mass executions and burials of victims of political repressions took place in the 1930s, the press service said on Tuesday. Synodal department Russian Orthodox Church(ROC) on relations with society and the media.
"The Memorial Garden of Memory was built on the territory of the Butovo training ground with the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Kirill. The memorial is dedicated to the victims of the repressions of 1937-1938 shot and buried at the Butovo training ground of the NKVD," the press service said.
The monument was built around the execution ditch and consists of granite slabs on which the names of more than 20 thousand people who were executed in 1937-38 are carved.
"The data on the murdered are taken from the acts on the execution of sentences of capital punishment, found in the Central Archive of the KGB in the early 90s. The names are grouped by the dates of the executions, and inside the list in alphabetical order by last names. For each murdered person, his last name is indicated , name and date of birth. The total length of the monument is 300 meters, with a height of 2 meters," the Synodal Department noted.
The apple orchard, planted by KGB officers in the 1970s, gives the memorial a special expressiveness. Trees have become part of the composition, personifying living memory about the dead. The monument will be the largest in Russia, installed at the burial site of those who suffered during the years of mass repressions of the Soviet era.
"The opening of the memorial will take place on September 27, 2017, on the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, at 14:00. The memorial will be consecrated by Metropolitan Juvenaly of Krutitsy and Kolomna, chairman of the Church and Public Council under the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' to perpetuate the memory of the new martyrs and confessors of the Russian Church," - added to the press service.
Butovo landfill
Tens of thousands of people were shot and buried at the former shooting range of the NKVD in the Butovo region from 1937 to the 1950s of the last century. Among them are men and women from 13 to 82 years old, representatives of 73 nationalities, of all faiths, the majority are ordinary workers and peasants, mostly residents of Moscow and the Moscow region. Members of the Orthodox community, on the basis of materials from investigative files, established the names of 20,765 people killed at the training ground from August 1937 to October 1938.
Museumification of the Butovo test site began in 1995, when the territory of burials with an area of 6 hectares was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. At the same time, a wooden church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia was built here. In 2007, Patriarch Alexy II and the Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, Metropolitan Laurus, consecrated the permanent stone church.
