Satirical depiction of officials in the comedy of n. V

The plot of the comedy "The Government Inspector", as well as the plot of the immortal poem " Dead Souls”, was suggested to Gogol by A. S. Pushkin. Gogol had long dreamed of writing a comedy about Russia, ridiculing the shortcomings of the bureaucratic system, which are so well known to every Russian person. The work on the comedy so fascinated and captured the writer that in a letter to Pogodin he wrote: “I am obsessed with comedy.”

In The Inspector General, Gogol skillfully combines "truth" and "malice", that is, realism and bold, merciless criticism of reality. With the help of laughter, merciless satire, Gogol denounces such vices of Russian reality as servility, corruption, arbitrariness of the authorities, ignorance and poor education. IN " Theatrical junction” Gogol wrote that in modern drama, action is driven not by love, but by money capital and “electric power”. "Electricity order" and giving rise to a tragicomic situation of general fear of a false auditor.

The comedy presents a whole “corporation of various official thieves and robbers” blissfully existing in the county town N.

When describing the world of bribe-takers and embezzlers, Gogol used the series artistic techniques that create vivid, unforgettable images.

Opening the very first page of the comedy and learning, for example, that the name of a private bailiff is Ukhovertov, county doctor- Gibner, we get, in general, already a fairly complete picture of these characters and the author's attitude towards them. In addition, Gogol gave critical characteristics of each of the main characters. These characteristics help to better understand the essence of each character. Mayor: “Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably”; Anna Andreevna: “Half brought up on novels and albums, half on chores in her pantry and girl's room”; Khlestakov: “Without a king in my head. He speaks and acts without any thought”; Osip: “Servant, such as servants of a few older years usually are”; Lyapkin-Tyapkin: "A person who has read five or six books, and therefore is somewhat freethinking." Postmaster: "A simple-minded man to the point of naivety."

Bright portrait characteristics are also given in Khlestakov's letters to his friend in St. Petersburg. So, speaking of Strawberry, Khlestakov calls the trustee of charitable institutions "a perfect pig in a yarmulke."

Main literary device, which is used by N.V. Gogol in the comic depiction of an official, is a hyperbole. As an example of the use of this technique, the author can name Christian Ivanovich Gibner, who is not even able to communicate with his patients due to complete ignorance of the Russian language, and Ammos Fedorovich with the postmaster, who decided that the arrival of the auditor portends the coming war. At first, the plot of the comedy itself is hyperbolic, but as the action develops, starting with the scene of Khlestakov's story about his life in St. Petersburg, the hyperbole is replaced by the grotesque. Blinded by fear for their future, officials and clutching at Khlestakov like a straw, the city merchants and the townsfolk are not able to appreciate the absurdity of what is happening, and the absurdities pile up one on top of the other: here is the non-commissioned officer who “whipped herself”, and Bobchinsky, asking to bring to his knowledge imperial majesty that “Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in such and such a city”, etc.

The climax and the denouement immediately following it come abruptly, suddenly. Khlestakov's letter gives such a simple and even banal explanation that at that moment it seems to Gorodnichy, for example, much more implausible than all Khlestakov's fantasies.

A few words should be said about the image of the Governor. Apparently, he will have to pay for the sins of his circle as a whole. Of course, he himself is not an angel, but the blow is so strong that the Governor has something like an epiphany: “I don’t see anything: I see some kind of pig snouts instead of faces, and nothing else…".

Further, Gogol uses a technique that has become so popular in our time: the Governor, breaking the principle of the so-called “fourth wall”, addresses directly to the hall: “What are you laughing at? “You are laughing at yourself!” With this remark, Gogol shows that the action of the comedy actually goes far beyond the theater stage, is transferred from the county town to the vast expanses. After all, it was not for nothing that some literary critics saw in this comedy an allegory for the life of the whole country. There is even a legend that Nicholas I, after watching the play, said: “Everyone got it, but most of all I!”.

A silent scene: the inhabitants of a provincial town, mired in bribes, drunkenness, and gossip, stand as if struck by thunder. But here comes a cleansing thunderstorm that will wash away dirt, punish vice and reward virtue. In this scene, Gogol reflected his belief in the justice of the highest authority, thereby scourging, in the words of Nekrasov, "little thieves for the pleasure of big ones." I must say that the pathos of the silent scene does not fit with the general spirit of this brilliant comedy.

After the performance, the play caused a flurry of criticism, since in it Gogol broke all the canons of dramaturgy. But the main dissatisfaction of the critics was drawn to the lack of a good character in the comedy. In response to this, Gogol writes in Theatrical Journey: ... I'm sorry that no one noticed the honest face that was in my play. That honest, noble face was laughter.”

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IMAGE OF OFFICIALS. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, loving Russia with all his heart, could not stand aside, seeing that she was mired in a swamp of corrupt officials, and therefore creates two works that reflect the real state of the country. One of these works is the comedy The Inspector General, in which Gogol decided to laugh at what is "really worthy of ridicule of the universal." Gogol admitted that in the play he decided to "collect into one heap all the bad things in Russia, all the injustices."

In 1836, the comedy was staged on the St. Petersburg stage and was a huge success. Gogol's play, which touched upon all the living questions of our time, evoked the most contradictory responses. Reactionary circles were afraid of the influence of the work on public opinion. She had political sense. The advanced circles perceived the "Inspector General" as a formidable accusation of Nikolaev Russia. Gogol created a deeply truthful comedy, imbued with sharp humor, denouncing the bureaucratic system of imperial Russia.

A small, provincial town, where arbitrariness reigns and there is not even a police order, where the authorities form a corporation of swindlers and robbers, is perceived as a symbol of the entire Nikolaev system. The epigraph - “There is nothing to blame on the mirror if the face is crooked” - is a generalizing, accusatory meaning of the “Inspector General”. The whole structure of the play made it clear that the provincial town, from which, as the mayor said, “even if you ride for three years, you won’t reach any state,” is only part of a huge bureaucratic whole. The reactionaries shouted that the plot was implausible, considering it unrealistic that such a grated kalach as a mayor could mistake a squandered tavern dandy, "icicle", "rag" for an auditor. But such cases were not uncommon. Pushkin was also mistaken for an auditor in Nizhny Novgorod.

The development of the plot is repelled by the intimidation of officials. Khlestakov is taken for a high rank because he "does not pay and does not go." The mayor gives Khlestakov a bribe and rejoices that he was able to give, which means that he is “his own”, that is, the same bribe-taker. The picture of general fraud, bribery and arbitrariness is visible through the remarks of officials (the sick are starved, the soldiers under uniforms do not have not only underwear, but even shirts, they drank and ate the money collected for the church. They decided to announce that the church was built, but it burned down). All officials are the offspring of an age-old bureaucratic system, none of them feel their civic duty, each is busy with his own insignificant interests, their spiritual and moral level is extremely low. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin does not look at the papers, because he cannot make out what is true and what is false. Years of red tape and bribes - such is the court in this city. The rogue and rogue Strawberry is also a scammer, he denounces his colleagues to the imaginary auditor (denunciations under Nicholas I were in great use). Khlopov, the superintendent of schools, is a frightened creature: he believed that stupid teachers are more useful, because they are harmless and will not allow free thought. In the background are merchants, artisans, police officers - all of county Russia.

The typicality of Gogol's characters is that there will be city governors and lords under any regime. In depicting the characters, the playwright develops the traditions of Griboyedov and Pushkin. The Inspector General still does not leave the stages of our theaters.

The plot of Dead Souls, like the plot of The Inspector General, was suggested to Gogol by Pushkin. The initial desire “... to show at least one side of all Russia” gradually develops into the idea of ​​“complete composition”, “where there would be more than one thing to laugh at”. And, following the plan, in the center of the poem is not a hero, but an "anti-hero" swindler Chichikov.

Gogol's Chichikov is an unusual image, most likely not an image, but some kind of super-magical power. For almost the entirety of the first volume, he is elusive, both to the police and to the people he has to deal with.

In Gogol's feelings for Chichikov, the attitude of the writer to Russia of that time is embedded. Question where is going Russia, which occupied Gogol, constantly forces Chichikov to be immersed in comparative situations, to push the hero against " dead souls". The author builds the poem in two comparative, developing perspectives, depicting dead Russia, the Russia of landlords and officials of the provincial city, and explores the Russia of the Chichikovs that is coming to replace it.

Russia of the Chichikovs, represented in the poem by one hero, is much more important for understanding the author's condemning laughter. Chichikov's life was not easy. Left early without parental support, our hero was forced to make his way with his mind, manners, courtesy, especially since he did not shine with special talents. Forever remembering his father's testament: "and most of all, take care of a penny, you will break everything with a penny," Chichikov subordinates all his strength to service activities and folding a penny. From the very beginning, Gogol presents his hero in such a way that we cannot say anything concrete about him. “There was a gentleman in the britzka, not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too thick nor too thin; one cannot say that he is old, but not so that he is young, ”writes Gogol. And in the future, Gogol draws Chichikov in such a way that we cannot understand what this person is. Gogol writes: “The newcomer, as it seemed, avoided talking a lot about himself, and if he spoke, then with some common places, and with marked modesty. The only way the author animates his hero is the feeling of fear inherent in every person. Perhaps only Nozdryov arbitrarily guesses about the essence of Chichikov, because he himself is a scoundrel. “After all, you are a big swindler, let me tell you this as a friend. If I were your boss, then I would hang you on the first tree, ”Nozdryov shouts joyfully. Both Nozdrev and Chichikov are adventurers, only the scope is different.

Greed ruined Chichikov, and one day Pavel Ivanovich was left without a position, without a capital of five hundred thousand, without what already promised him success. good trait Chichikov is the ability not to lose heart. His life philosophy boils down to the principle: "Hooked - dragged, broke - do not ask." Already these small strokes of Chichikov's portrait indicate that he was an outstanding personality, broad in plans and sincere in adventure. Vast experience gained over for a long time services, especially experience in the knowledge of human souls, an irresistible passion for the accumulation of funds, did not allow the hero to fall into despair after the collapse, but, on the contrary, almost implement the “brilliant idea” that visited Chichikov in his days of despondency. Fraudulent operation with "dead souls" promised a solid capital.

Chichikov is an excellent psychologist, thanks to this he surpasses all the landlords of the city of N. in their essential features: Manilova - in projecting and courtesy, Nozdryova - in the sophistication of fantasy, Sobakevich - in stinginess and individualism, Plyushkin - in "bright greed". Chichikov, as it were, acts simultaneously as Manilov, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin in their general features.

The "stumbling block" of Chichikov was Korobochka, who surpassed Pal Ivanych in stupidity and "clubhead". Who would have guessed that - "the devil will pull her" to come to the city to inquire about the price of a dead soul!

Meanness "attracted" meanness and "choked" in meanness. Chichikov is defeated. One would like to notice: if I knew where you would stumble, you would lay a straw! Nevertheless, the hero's sociability, grasp and incredible instinct cannot always tell him "thin places", because in vast Russia it is often impossible to figure out where one ends and another begins. The bourgeois era, ripening in the depths of landlord Russia, helped Chichikov acquire features that were different from other heroes. Therefore, to the expression "Chichikov is a business owner", one could add - "in Russian conditions."

"Dear scoundrel" Chichikov still remains such, no matter how business qualities he neither possessed. And although many say that Chichikov is a nice fellow, he will not cease to be a businessman - a concept that has always been invested in Russia negative meaning. That is why, together with Gogol, we feel a slight sadness every time we meet Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, at the same time sympathizing with his optimism and condemning the subject of the hero’s passion - money, which makes him a scoundrel.

So, Gogol shows the world of social vices. But not only they excite the writer. Abuses of officials are most often ridiculous, insignificant and absurd. “You take it not according to your rank” - this is what is considered a sin in this world. But it is the “vulgarity of everything as a whole”, and not the size of the criminal acts, that horrifies readers. “The amazing mire of trifles,” as Gogol writes in the poem, has swallowed up modern man. Tragic is the denouement in The Inspector and Dead souls”, because the ghostly goals that the heroes strive for dissolve like smoke, like an obsession. The city of Gogol is a symbolic, "prefabricated city of the entire dark side". And yet there is a light here. This is laughter, laughter that should heal the soul.

N. V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector" is one of the most striking dramatic works Russian literature XIX century. The author continued the traditions of the Russian satirical drama, the foundations of which were laid in the comedies of Fonvizin “Undergrowth” and Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”.
The comedy "Inspector General" is a deeply realistic work, which reflects the vices of the landowner-bureaucratic system of Russia in the thirties of the XIX century. important place in the system of comedy characters, officials occupy the county town. This is a collective, generalized image, deduced satirically, because it includes everything negative in political system Russia of that time. In the "Author's Confession" the writer pointed out that he "decided to collect in one heap all the bad things in Russia, which he then knew, all the injustices." Gogol decided to generalize in the planned comedy the most striking vices of contemporary state government.
The author, with his comedy, approved a new idea in Russian literature - not the performers, but the laws themselves, the whole way of the existing system, are to blame for what the work of the great master told about.
So, the Mayor justifies his sins with the words: "I'm not the first, I'm not the last, everyone does this."
The main place among the officials of the county town is given to Gorodnichiy - Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky. Gogol in "Remarks for gentlemen actors" gave essential characteristics of each of the main actors of the comedy. So, the author characterizes Gorodnichiy: “Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves respectably.” This image is revealed more fully in the speech characteristics of the character himself. A solid hero and the conversation is solid, measured. He is generated by the environment, and brought up by it. Mayor - the image of the whole state power contemporary Gogol Russia. He knows that he is a sinner, he goes to church, he thinks that he is firm in the faith, he is thinking of repenting someday. But the temptation is great for him not to miss that "what floats in his hands." With the arrival of the auditor, deceiving himself, he hopes to become a general. By endowing the hero with natural weaknesses, the author makes him more human and thus elevates him above the rest of the characters in the play. At the moment of insight, he throws in the face of officials and into the hall: “I don’t see anything: I see some kind of pig snouts instead of faces, but nothing else ...”, “What are you laughing at? Laugh at yourself!”
Judge Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin is no less sinful in bribes. He is preoccupied with himself and his mind, and is an atheist only because in this field there is scope to "show himself." He has a great passion for canine hunting. We can judge the cultural level of the character by the author's remark: "A person who has read five or six books and therefore is somewhat freethinking." The collegiate assessor says, "like an old clock that first hisses and then strikes."
The main characters include the court adviser Strawberry. For greater typification, Gogol violates the usual structure of the government of a county town. The position of Strawberry - the trustee of charitable institutions - was only in the provincial cities, and not in the district town described by the author. This is a fat man, "but a thin rogue." He thinks only of how to show himself.
Thus, Luka Lukich Khlopov, superintendent of schools, a titular adviser, “is frightened by frequent revisions and reprimands for no one knows why,” “is very helpful and fussy.” The post of court adviser and postmaster is Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin. This is a simple-minded person to the point of naivety and stupidity, looking at life as a collection of interesting stories which he reads in the letters he prints.
Among the officials of the county town, a prominent place is occupied by Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, a petty official from St. Petersburg, who follows his father's call to his village. This is a stupid, frivolous collegiate registrar, "about twenty-three years old", "as they say, without a king in his head." Words from this mouth young man"take off completely unexpectedly."
He became a significant person thanks to the universal force of fear that gripped officials before retribution for their sins. He lies skillfully and believes in his own lies, wanting to show off in front of the complacently listening to him county officials. Gogol himself considered the role of Khlestakov the most difficult in comedy.
The minor characters of the comedy can also be attributed to the number of officials of the county town. These are honorary citizens, retired officials: Korobkin, Lyulyukov, Rastakovskiy.
The number of officials in the "Auditor" is not limited to acting persons. They also include minor characters. Real Auditor from St. Petersburg, an assessor in court, Andrei Ivanovich Chmykhov, Kostroma and Saratov officials complete the portraits of stage heroes.
The images of officials satirically depicted in The Government Inspector are characterized by common, typical features. This is both the spirit of nepotism (all officials are bound by mutual responsibility), and bribery (“Look, you take it out of order”), in relation to which there is strict subordination, and the attitude towards public service as an opportunity to profit at someone else's expense, and failure to fulfill their direct duties. All officials are characterized by idle pastime, ignorance, low cultural level, a sense of fear of superiors, dismissive attitude to the people. The position of a person in society is determined by rank.
When describing the world of bribe takers and embezzlers of public funds, Gogol used various means of creating images of officials. For example, author's remarks, speech characteristic characters, the actions of heroes, letters from Andrei Ivanovich Chmykhov, in which the image of Gorodnichiy is fully revealed, Khlestakov's letters to Tryapichkin. The semantic characteristics are also contained by the names of the characters in the play: Khlestakov, Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, Strawberry, Gibner.
In his comedy, Gogol did not bring out a single positive face. the only goodie comedy is laughter, with the help of which the author denounces and ridicules the world of embezzlers, devoid of conscience and any responsibility.
The images of officials presented in the comedy by N.V. Gogol play important role in the disclosure of the ideological and artistic intent of the author. With their help, the playwright denounces not only the officials of the county town, but the entire bureaucratic system of Russia.

N. V. Gogol's comedy The Inspector General is one of the most striking dramatic works Russian literature of the 19th century. The author continued the traditions of Russian satirical drama, the foundations of which were laid in the famous comedies Undergrowth by D. I. Fonvizin and Woe from Wit by A. S. Griboyedov. The auditor is a deeply realistic work showing the world of small and medium-sized provincial officials in Russia in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. When describing this world, N.V. Gogol widely used the literary devices at his disposal, which made it possible to characterize his characters in an entertaining and easily accessible form for the viewer and reader. On the very first page we learn that the name of the private bailiff is Ukhovertov, and that of the county physician is Gibner. From here, the reader gets a fairly complete picture of these characters and the author's attitude towards them. In addition, the writer gave brief characteristics each of the main characters, which help to better understand the essence of each character. Mayor: although a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably; Anna Andreevna: brought up half on novels and albums, half on chores in her pantry and girl's room; Khlestakov: without a king in his head, he speaks and acts without any consideration; Osip: a servant, such as servants of a few older years usually are; Lyapkin-Tyapkin: a man who has read five or six books and is therefore somewhat freethinking; postmaster: a simple-minded person to the point of naivety. Speech portraits are also given in Khlestakov's letters to St. Petersburg to his friend Tryapichkin. For example, Strawberry, according to Khlestakov, is a perfect pig in a yarmulke. The main literary device used by Gogol in the comic depiction of officials is hyperbole. As an example, one can cite Christian Ivanovich Gibner, who is not even able to communicate with his patients due to complete ignorance of the Russian language, and Ammos Fedorovich with the postmaster, who decided that the arrival of the auditor foreshadows the coming war. At first, the plot of the comedy itself is hyperbolic, but as the action develops, starting with Khlestakov's story about his life in St. Petersburg, the hyperbole is replaced by the grotesque. Blinded by fear for their future, the officials and clutching at Khlestakov like straw, the city merchants and the townsfolk are not able to appreciate the absurdity of what is happening, and the absurdities pile up one on top of the other: here is the non-commissioned officer, who whipped herself, and Bobchinsky, asking to bring to the attention of the emperor that Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in such and such a city, and much more. The climax and the ensuing denouement come very abruptly. Khlestakov's letter gives the events such a simple and even banal explanation that at this moment it looks much more implausible to Gorodnichy than all Khlestakov's fantasies. The mayor, apparently, will have to pay for the sins of his circle as a whole. Of course, he himself is not an angel, nor is the blow so strong that something like an epiphany sets in: I don’t see anything: I see some kind of pig snouts instead of faces, but nothing else .... What are you laughing at? Laugh at yourself! he throws in the face of officials and into the hall. By endowing Gorodnichiy with sarcasm, Gogol makes him more human and thus elevates him above the rest of the characters in the comedy. In a silent scene, the inhabitants of a provincial town stand, as if struck by thunder, mired in bribes, drunkenness, and gossip. But here comes a thunderstorm that will wash away the dirt, punish vice and reward virtue. In this scene, Gogol reflected his belief in the justice of a higher power, thereby scourging, in Nekrasov's words, little thieves for the pleasure of big ones. The pathos of the silent scene somehow does not fit with the general spirit of the comedy. The comedy The Inspector General immediately became one of the most popular dramatic works of that time and was a harbinger of Ostrovsky's plays. Emperor Nicholas I said this about her: Everyone here got it, but I got it the most.

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5. Together with unlucky government officials who live and work in a small provincial town, Gogol introduces us to us in the "Inspector General" a visiting sly from St. Petersburg. It was this rogue who managed to disrupt the quiet life in the city and fool all the officials. The false auditor is given a central place in the satirical Read More ......
6. N. V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector" acquired social importance. The author criticized and ridiculed vices and shortcomings tsarist Russia. Gogol chooses a small provincial town as the scene of action in the work, from which “if you ride for three years, you won’t reach any state.” The heroes of the play Read More ......
7. The appearance of the comedy "The Inspector General" in 1836 caused an uplifted, exciting feeling in society. This spring gave the audience a meeting with a real masterpiece. More than 160 years have passed since then, but the comedy "The Inspector General" has not lost its relevance and its sound today. Not Read More ......
8. comedy and in the poem Gogol turned to important social topics. In them we are talking about the life of entire estates - county officials, local nobility. In the field of view of the author. The places where the events take place are generalized and typified: neither the town nor the town is geographically defined, Read More ......

Motive of rejection modern image life is quite clearly seen in all the works of Gogol. This is Taras Bulba, together with Old World Landowners, where Gogol turns to romanticism as a method in order to show all the pettiness and emptiness in contrast with the past. current life. These are the St. Petersburg Tales, where this motive is so obvious and strong that it even makes little sense to write about it. These, finally, are the main (in the opinion of many) Gogol's works - Dead Souls and the Inspector General. There modern life represents the bureaucracy. About him and will go our conversation.

In the Auditor, officials are the main characters, on which the entire satire of Gogol is accentuated. In "Dead Souls" a little differently. Despite the fact that the poem mainly focuses on the landowners, and not on the officials, they, starting from the seventh chapter, begin to play an important role in the work, which must be understood if we want to comprehend the whole complex meaning of the work.

Let's start, perhaps, with The Inspector General, since this work was written by Gogol during the writing of the first volume of Dead Souls, and understanding the image of officials in The Inspector General helps to understand the image of officials in Dead Souls. The miracle and genius of the comedy, in my opinion, lies in the fact that Gogol portrayed the image of each individual landowner in such a way that he does not lose his individuality, but, at the same time, is part of this class, unloved by Gogol.

Each official has his own distinctive features and features. Anton Antonovich, for example, does not miss what "floats into his hands", is cunning, loves to appropriate government money, as happened with the church under construction. He is one of the main persons of the philosophy that Nikolai Vasilievich denies. It appears from time to time in his phrases in conversations with other officials.

The mayor is a swindler, a bribe taker who is afraid of only one thing - the authorities. Therefore, he was so distraught when he learned about the arrival of the auditor. Fear of punishment clouded his mind and other officials. So much so that they took Khlestakov, a petty liar for a significant person.

Do not lag behind the mayor and other "fathers of the city." Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin - amateur canine hunting. He takes bribes exclusively with "greyhound puppies." Among other officials, he is known as a freethinker, as he "read five or six books" (Gogol's irony is felt). He is less afraid than the others, because he is calm that no one will look into his court. Artemy Filippovich Strawberry - "a pig in a yarmulke", a trustee of charitable institutions, who keeps a German doctor who does not understand anything in Russian.

Alogisms in general are often found in the work. Strawberry, in the end, surrenders all his comrades to Khlestakov, exposing his nature. Luka Lukich Khlopov is an utterly stupid and empty man. Is a trustee educational institutions and always complains about teachers. Finally, the postmaster Shpekin, who spends his leisure time opening other people's letters and reading them. Ultimately, this "feature" of him reveals Khlestakov.

Moreover, Shpekin does not even understand that he is doing a bad deed, but is only afraid of opening letters from high-ranking people. Despite the differences of these people, they are all part of a single whole. They are all idlers and do not care at all about the people entrusted to them. And if you omit all the comedy, it becomes really scary.

As for Gogol's poem, here the 1st chapter is given to the officials, as well as all those following the 7th. Despite the absence of detailed and detailed images similar to landlord heroes, the picture of bureaucratic life is amazingly accurate and expressive. He draws this reality with amazing lapidarity, applying only certain “touches”, like the embroidering governor and prosecutor, about whom nothing can be said except for his eyebrows. Another thing is also noteworthy.

Nikolai Vasilievich in the poem carries out a certain classification of officials. In particular, in the first chapter, when describing the ball, there are "thin" and "thick". Accordingly, the “thick” are the top, already in years, settled down, benefiting from their position, and the “thin” are young, impulsive people. The 7th chapter describes the office, where there are so-called "lower" - clerks, whose only occupation is to eavesdrop on different stories.

Sobakevich gives officials a rather evil, but accurate description: "A scammer sits on a scammer and drives a scammer." All officials are idle, cheat, steal, offend the weak and tremble before the strong. All of them are a faceless mass, like "a squadron of flies that swoop down on tidbits of refined sugar."

Their behavior after the disclosure of the Chichikov scam and, in general, their attitude towards him is noteworthy. Chichikov, a master of communication, managed, through flattery, to win over each of them. And then, when his plan, because of Nozdryov, was revealed, the officials at first did not believe, and then they began to fear for themselves and their place. So much so that the prosecutor dies. After that, it turns out that he has a soul. Gogol's irony, as always felt.

But it really becomes uncomfortable when you read "the story of Captain Kopeikin." Her laid-back style of presentation directly contrasts with her essence. A person who bleeds for his fatherland cannot receive help. Even the most elementary. And this is the fault of the officials - the most diverse. Starting from provincial secretary, ending with the highest St. Petersburg dignitary. All of them are cold to someone else's misfortune and the fate of their state.

Summing up the above, we understand that the bureaucracy in both personifies everything that Nikolai Vasilyevich is fighting against. Namely, the aimlessness of existence, stupidity, spiritual emptiness and lawlessness in relation to people. This is what explains their faceless images.