The structure of exam tasks in literature. Unified State Examination in Literature

At present USE time in literature was not included in the list of mandatory tests at the end of school. However, the results of this state exam are necessary in order to enter various specialties of Russian higher educational institutions. It can be philology or journalism, television, as well as vocal and acting art. Our article will tell you in detail what you need to know in order to pass literature (USE).

Exam features

In 2017, there were active rumors that the structure of the graduation test in literature would be significantly transformed. But in September of the same year, it became known that this testing had undergone a minimum number of changes. Nevertheless, in one of her interviews, Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva said that another, more promising model of the state exam, which was developed by leading experts from the Institute of Pedagogical Measurements, would come into force next year. Thus, from KIMs were excluded test tasks. Now for literature? Let's figure it out together.

Why were tests removed?

In the opinion of the developers, tasks with a choice of answers for students do not present any difficulty. They are just an extra element for evaluation. In such tasks, there is a huge share of the probability of guessing the correct answer, and the experts of the Institute of Pedagogical Measurements fundamentally disagree with this.

In addition, it became known that graduates will no longer see questions and assignments in the literature exam. open nature, where they must give an answer in the form of a single word or a sequence of numbers. Thus, graduates lose the opportunity to score points for knowledge of literary terms. Therefore, C students will not be able to get off with “little bloodshed” by passing one part of the exam. In 2018, graduates are expected to demonstrate their ability to beautifully and clearly express their own thoughts.

Test requirements. Compositions

It is known that at the exam in literature it is necessary to write several essays. Developers of control and measuring materials have increased the minimum volume of the "main" essay. In previous years, this volume was at least 200 words, but already in 2018, a graduate will be required to write a text 50 words more than in previous years.

The specialists of the institute specified the requirements for mini-essays for the next year. They must be at least 50 words. Since 2018, such a requirement applies not only to the question of text analysis, but also to comparative tasks. Future graduates have a natural question: “What do you need to pass the literature (USE)?” Therefore, we are smoothly moving on to the recommendations.

How to pass the exam in literature?

In order to get the maximum on testing, firstly, you need to read all the literature that is required to pass the exam. Keep in mind that reading will take you a lot of time and effort. And what literature you need to read in order to pass the exam, we will tell a little later.

Secondly, there are a huge number of manuals on sale in bookstores that guarantee passing the exam without much knowledge or effort. You can buy all these compilations, but in fact, you should not expect real success. However, if you solve the problems in these books, then it will be much easier for you to answer questions on the exam.

Thirdly, there is an opinion that an interested and competent teacher is able to teach his ward everything necessary in order to pass the exam. Asking in advance how to pass the exam in literature, students hire tutors.

Fourthly, among schoolchildren and students there are a huge number of rituals and signs that allegedly help to pass exams. In fact, nothing to do with the real world these rituals do not. But by doing them, perhaps you will feel more confident in the exam.

Alumni experience

We present to your attention the experience of students of the Faculty of Philology, who give recommendations and explain how to pass the exam in literature. As a rule, on September 1, eleventh graders go to the bookstore and buy a huge number of collections of books. this subject. Current students are advised to buy collections of past years, since the structure of control and measuring materials does not actually change, and their price is much less. Many perform tasks with such frequency as some solve crossword puzzles. There are schoolchildren who do not have the theoretical base necessary for writing essays. But they make plans, where they write out abstracts. Over time, this becomes a habit that a person uses today, studying at the institute.

It should be noted that many universities often enroll for USE preparation courses in various subjects. Many recommend attending these classes. As a rule, you need to go to lectures once a week, which last about two hours. There is a lot of work before the exam: you need to constantly write and read in order to come to class already prepared. In addition, they often come to the rescue school teachers on literature. Teachers share with alumni theoretical materials, as well as the experience of specialists who check examination papers. Thus, many students pass the exam with a hundred points.

A few words about the list of fiction

As mentioned above, the list of literature to pass the exam in literature is rather big. It is pointless to publish this list, since it is in every collection for passing the exam. In any case, you need to know ancient Russian literature, as well as texts written in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Need to know and understand school works Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Fet, Nekrasov, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Ostrovsky, Tyutchev, Chekhov, Bunin, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Gorky, Yesenin, Pasternak, Mandelstam, Mayakovsky, Blok, Sholokhov, Bulgakov, Tvardovsky, Solzhenitsyn and other writers , the texts of which are included in the list fiction studied in lessons from 5 to 11 grade.

conclusions

At the beginning of this article, there was a question about the difficulty of passing the exam. It is not easy to answer it, since the concept of complexity is relative. For some children it is difficult to write essays, for others it is difficult to analyze artistic text. In any case, the exam is a test for which you need to prepare in good faith in order to get the desired result.

Thanks to our article, now you know how to pass the exam in literature and what you need to do to get a good result. Remember that teachers who check essays expect graduates to have a conscious understanding of the problem and a clear vision of the author's position. Also, the certified person must be oriented in genres and literary terms. We wish you success!

Pupils to take exams at the end of school. Now only about 5% of graduates pass it. This is because literature is needed for admission to not the most popular specialties: philologist, linguist and teacher of Russian and literature.

Before the introduction of the Unified State Examination, literature was obligatorily surrendered at the end of school in the form of an essay and an assessment was given in two subjects at once: literature - for the quality of the text and disclosure of the main idea, one's own opinion and knowledge of the opinions of critics, and in Russian - for the absence of errors.

Check out general information about the exam and start preparing. Compared to last year, the KIM USE 2019 version has changed. Now in task 17 you have to choose one essay topic out of four (it was out of three). The maximum initial score for the entire test was greatly increased - from 42 to 57. The rest of the changes are not very serious, you can read them.

EGE assessment

Last year, in order to pass the Unified State Examination in Literature, at least for a three, it was enough to score 32 primary points. They were given, for example, for correctly completed tasks No. 1-7, 10 and 11.

How it will be in 2019 is still not known for sure: you need to wait for an official order from Rosobrnadzor on the correspondence of primary and test scores. Most likely it will appear in December. Given that the maximum primary score has increased greatly, it is very likely that the minimum score may also change. Let's take a look at these tables:

USE test structure

In 2019, the USE test in literature consists of two parts, including 17 tasks.

• Part 1: Consists of two sets of tasks. The first refers to a fragment of the epic, or lyroepic, or dramatic work: includes seven tasks (1–7) with a short answer and two tasks (8, 9) with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences. The second relates to the analysis lyrical work: includes five tasks (10–14) with a short answer and two tasks (15, 16) with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences.
• Part 2: 4 essay topics (17.1–17.4), from which you need to choose ONE and write a text of 200 words or more.

Preparation for the exam

• Pass the USE tests online for free without registration and SMS. The presented tests are identical in their complexity and structure to the real exams held in the corresponding years.

• Download demo versions of the Unified State Examination in Literature, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and make it easier to pass it. All proposed tests are designed and approved for preparation for the exam Federal Institute pedagogical measurements (FIPI). In the same FIPI, all official USE options.
  The tasks that you will see, most likely, will not be found on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones, on the same topic or simply with different numbers.

General USE numbers

About the exam

The total number of examinees in 2018 was more than 49 thousand people, which is higher than in 2017 and 2016. These data indicate a certain stability in the choice of the USE in literature by graduates entering universities of the corresponding profile.

The average test score in 2018 was 61.4, slightly higher than in 2017 (59.6) and 2016 (57.9).

The most numerous are the groups of examinees who received 41-60 and 61-80 TB. (32% and 43% of participants, respectively). The group of high scorers makes up about 15% of total number participants.

In comparison with 2017, in 2018 the share of examinees with results in the range of low (21–40) and medium (41–60) points decreased. The trend towards an increase in the proportion of well-trained participants with results of 61–80 t.b. (an increase of 3%), which, in particular, is associated with a trend towards improving the quality of teaching the subject "Literature" in the context of the introduction of the final essay.

The minimum primary score of the USE in 2018 was 15 p.b. The share of graduates who did not score the minimum number of points in 2018 is 5.2%.

Analysis USE results 2018 confirms the preservation of the measuring properties of the examination model and allows us to state that the degree of complexity of the KIM tasks is generally adequate to the cognitive capabilities of the examinees and makes it possible to differentiate them for admission to universities with different requirements for the level of preparation in literature.

More detailed analytics and teaching materials The USE 2018 is available at the link.

Our website contains about 1600 assignments for preparing for the exam in literature in 2018. Overall plan examination work presented below.

PLAN OF THE EXAMINATION WORK OF THE USE IN LITERATURE 2019

Designation of the level of difficulty of the task: B - basic, P - advanced, C - high.

Correspondence between minimum primary scores and minimum test scores 2018. Order on amendments to Appendix No. 2 to the order Federal Service on supervision in the field of education and science. .

OFFICIAL SCALE 2019

THRESHOLD SCORE
The order of Rosobrnadzor established the minimum number of points, confirming the mastery of the participants in the exams of the main general educational programs medium (full) general education in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard secondary (complete) general education. LITERATURE THRESHOLD: 15 primary points (32 test points).

EXAM FORMS
Download forms in high quality you can follow the link.

WHAT YOU CAN BRING WITH YOU TO THE EXAM

This exam does not require the use of additional equipment and materials.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

"The Tale of Igor's Campaign".

1. D. I. Fonvizin. The play "Undergrowth".


2. G. R. Derzhavin. The poem "Monument".

1. V. A. Zhukovsky. The poem "Sea", the ballad "Svetlana".


2. A. S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit".


3. A. S. Pushkin. Poems:"Village", "Prisoner", "In the depths of Siberian ores ...", "Poet", "To Chaadaev", "Song of prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K ***” (“I remember wonderful moment…"), "19. October "(" The forest drops its crimson dress ... ")," Prophet "," Winter road”,“ Anchar ”,“ Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ... ”,“ I loved you: love is still, perhaps ... ”,“ Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, “The daylight went out ...”, “Freedom sower of the desert ...”, “Imitations of the Koran” (IX. “And the traveler tired grumbled at God…”) “Elegy”, (“Crazy years of extinct fun…”), “…I visited again…”. Novels « Captain's daughter and Eugene Onegin. Poem"Bronze Horseman".


4. M. Yu. Lermontov. Poems:“No, I’m not Byron, I’m different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing field is agitated ... ”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish ...”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life ...”), “And boring and sad”, “No, not you I love so passionately…”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan…”), “Prophet”, “As often, surrounded by a motley crowd…”, “Valerik”, “I go out alone on the road ... ". poems"Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov" and "Mtsyri". Novel"Hero of our time".


5. N. V. Gogol. The play "Inspector". The story "Overcoat". Poem "Dead Souls"

1. A. N. Ostrovsky. The play "Thunderstorm".


2. I. S. Turgenev. The novel "Fathers and Sons".


3. F. I. Tyutchev. Poems: “Noon”, “There is melodiousness in sea ​​waves…”, “A kite has risen from a clearing…”, “There is in the initial autumn…”, “Silentium!”, “Not what you think, nature…”, “You can’t understand Russia with your mind…”, “Oh, how we love deadly...”, “We are not given to predict...”, “K. B." (“I met you - and all the past ...”), “Nature is a sphinx. And the more she returns ... ".


4. A. A. Fet. Poems: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth ...”, “With one push to drive away the living boat ...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “This morning, this joy ...”, “Whisper, timid breathing…”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ".


5. I. A. Goncharov. Roman Oblomov.


6. N. A. Nekrasov. Poems:“Troika”, “I don’t like your irony ...”, “Railway”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at six o’clock ...”, “We are stupid people ...”, “Poet and Citizen "," Elegy "(" Let the changeable fashion tell us ... ")," O Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ". Poem"To whom in Rus' it is good to live."


7. M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales:"The Tale of How One Man Feeded Two Generals", " wild landlord», « wise scribbler». Novel"History of one city" (survey study).


8. L. N. Tolstoy. The novel "War and Peace".


9. F. M. Dostoevsky. The novel Crime and Punishment.


10. N. S. Leskov. One work (at the choice of the examinee).

A.P. Chekhov. Stories:"Student", "Ionych", "Man in a Case", "Lady with a Dog", "Death of an Official", "Chameleon". Play"The Cherry Orchard".

1. I. A. Bunin. Stories: "The Gentleman from San Francisco", "Clean Monday".


2. M. Gorky. The story "Old Woman Izergil", the play "At the bottom".


3. A. A. Blok. Poems:"Stranger", "Russia", "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...", "In a restaurant", "The river spread. It flows, lazily sad ... ”(from the cycle“ On the Kulikovo Field ”),“ On railway”, “I enter dark temples ...”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory ...”, “Oh, I want to live crazy ...”, poem"Twelve".


4. V. V. Mayakovsky. Poems:“Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Happy”, “Nate!”, “ Good attitude to the horses”, “An extraordinary adventure with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Giveaway”, “Letter to Tatiana Yakovleva”. Poem"A cloud in pants".


5. S. A. Yesenin. Poems:“Goy you, Rus', my dear! ..”, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...”, “Now we are leaving little by little ...”, “A letter to mother”, “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Rus'”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap ... "," A low house with blue shutters ... ".


6. M. I. Tsvetaeva. Poems:“To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“ Your name- a bird in the hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time ... ”,“ Books in red binding ”,“ Grandmother ”,“ Seven hills - like seven bells! .. ”(from the cycle“ Poems about Moscow ”).


7. O. E. Mandelstam. Poems:"Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”.


8. A. A. Akhmatova. Poems:"Song last meeting”,“ I clenched my hands under a dark veil ... ”,“ I don’t need odic rati ... ”,“ I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “ Motherland”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow ...”, “Primorsky sonnet”, “There are such days before spring ...”, “I am not with those who left the earth ...”, “Poems about St. Petersburg”, “ Courage". Poem"Requiem".


9. M. A. Sholokhov. Novel " Quiet Don”, the story “The fate of man”.


10. M. A. Bulgakov. Novel " white guard"(the choice is allowed), the novel "The Master and Margarita" (the choice is allowed).


11. A. T. Tvardovsky. Poems:“The whole point is in one single covenant…”, “In memory of the mother” (“In the land where they were taken in a herd…”), “I know, no fault of mine…”. Poem"Vasily Terkin" (chapters "Crossing", "Two Soldiers", "Duel", "Death and the Warrior").


12. B. L. Pasternak. Poems:"February. Get ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “In everything I want to reach…”, “Hamlet”, “ Winter night"(" It's snowy, it's snowy all over the earth ... ")," There will be no one in the house ... "," It is snowing”, “About these verses”, “To love others is a heavy cross ...”, “Pines”, “Hoarfrost”, “July”. Novel"Doctor Zhivago" (survey study with analysis of fragments).


13. A.P. Platonov. One work (at the choice of the examinee).


14. A. I. Solzhenitsyn. Story " Matrenin yard”, “One day of Ivan Denisovich”.

Literature examination work is based on a system of step-by-step testing of graduates' ability to perceive and analyze works of art in their genre-generic specifics based on knowledge of historical-literary and theoretical-literary character. Preparation for the exam in literature involves the repetition by students of the entire course material, the content of which is determined by the mandatory minimum in the subject.

In the demo version of 2010, three parts are distinguished, containing a set of tasks to determine the level of preparation of graduates in literature.

In the first and second parts, it is proposed to complete tasks, including questions for the analysis of works named in mandatory minimum content literary education. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of the content and artistic structure studied works (themes and problems, heroes and events, artistic techniques, different kinds tropes, etc.), as well as to consider specific literary works in relation to other course material.
The general structure of the first 2 parts of the work is subject to the task of a wide meaningful coverage of literary material.

Literary texts offered for analysis allow not only to test students' knowledge specific works, but also the ability to analyze the text, taking into account its genre affiliation. The last task of each of the first 2 parts of the work involves entering a wide literary context: the problems of the analyzed work (fragment) are included in literary connections course. Thus, relying on intra-subject connections of the studied course allows for additional coverage of the content of the literary material being checked.

The last (3rd) part of the work requires students to complete a detailed statement in literary theme problematic nature (thus, to the worked out in 1-2 parts literary material one more content component of the course being checked is added).

Part 1, which involves the analysis of a fragment of an epic (or dramatic) work, consists of 7 tasks with a short answer (B) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer of a limited volume (C1, C2). When performing a task with a short answer, the examinee is required to write a word or a combination of words. Questions with extended answers. limited volume (C1, C2) require writing a coherent text in the amount of 5-10 sentences.

Part 2 involves the analysis of a lyrical work and includes 5 tasks with a short answer (B) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer of a limited volume (C3, C4). General requirements to perform these tasks are the same as for part 1.

Following the proposed work algorithm allows students to identify the place and role of the episode (scene) in overall structure works (analysis of the fragment), to reveal plot-compositional, figurative-thematic and stylistic features analyzed text, generalize their observations with access to the literary context.
Part 3 tests the ability to build a coherent meaningful speech statement on a given literary topic, formulated as a problematic question. The graduate is asked 3 questions (C5.1 - C5.3), covering milestones national historical and literary process: 1 - based on works ancient Russian literature, classics of the XVIII and first half of XIX centuries, 2 - based on the works of the second half of the 19th century, 3 - based on the works of the 20th century. The graduate chooses only one of the questions and gives an answer to it, substantiating his judgments by referring to the work (from memory). Questions of a problematic nature indicate a cognitive contradiction that the graduate must comprehend by offering his own version of its resolution in the form of an essay.

Work of this type stimulates the independent thought of students, gives them the opportunity to express their attitude to the problems raised by the authors of the works.
The practice of pedagogical research has shown that the performance of this type of work requires a large measure of cognitive independence and is most consistent with the specifics of literature as an art form and academic discipline which sets as its goals the formation of a qualified reader with a developed aesthetic taste and a need for spiritual, moral and cultural development.

Pupils to take exams at the end of school. Now only about 5% of graduates pass it. This is because literature is needed for admission to not the most popular specialties: philologist, linguist and teacher of Russian and literature.

Before the introduction of the Unified State Examination, literature was obligatorily surrendered at the end of school in the form of an essay and an assessment was given in two subjects at once: literature - for the quality of the text and disclosure of the main idea, one's own opinion and knowledge of the opinions of critics, and in Russian - for the absence of errors.

Read the general information about the exam and start preparing. Compared to last year, the KIM USE 2019 version has changed. Now in task 17 you have to choose one essay topic out of four (it was out of three). The maximum initial score for the entire test was greatly increased - from 42 to 57. The rest of the changes are not very serious, you can read them.

EGE assessment

Last year, in order to pass the Unified State Examination in Literature, at least for a three, it was enough to score 32 primary points. They were given, for example, for correctly completed tasks No. 1-7, 10 and 11.

How it will be in 2019 is still not known for sure: you need to wait for an official order from Rosobrnadzor on the correspondence of primary and test scores. Most likely it will appear in December. Given that the maximum primary score has increased greatly, it is very likely that the minimum score may also change. Let's take a look at these tables:

USE test structure

In 2019, the USE test in literature consists of two parts, including 17 tasks.

• Part 1: Consists of two sets of tasks. The first refers to a fragment of an epic, or lyre-epic, or dramatic work: it includes seven tasks (1–7) with a short answer and two tasks (8, 9) with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences. The second relates to the analysis of a lyrical work: it includes five tasks (10–14) with a short answer and two tasks (15, 16) with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences.
• Part 2: 4 essay topics (17.1–17.4), from which you need to choose ONE and write a text of 200 words or more.

Preparation for the exam

• Pass the USE tests online for free without registration and SMS. The presented tests are identical in their complexity and structure to the real exams held in the corresponding years.

• Download demo versions of the Unified State Examination in Literature, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and make it easier to pass it. All proposed tests were developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Examination by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). In the same FIPI, all official versions of the exam are being developed.
  The tasks that you will see, most likely, will not be found on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones, on the same topic or simply with different numbers.

General USE numbers