Bunin personal life of the writer. Ivan Bunin personal life

The personal life of the Russian writer was not easy, but interesting.

Ivan Bunin personal life

Ivan Alekseevich's first love happened when he was 19. At work, he met Varvara Pashchenko, an employee of the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper, where the poet himself worked at that time. Varvara Vladimirovna was older and more experienced than Ivan, from an intelligent family (the daughter of a Yelets doctor), she also worked as a proofreader, like Ivan.

Her parents were categorically against such a candidate for their daughter, they did not want her to marry a poor poet. Barbara was afraid to disobey them, they began to live together in a civil marriage. Their relationship could be called "from one extreme to the other" - sometimes passionate love, sometimes painful quarrels.

Later it turned out that Varvara was unfaithful to Ivan Alekseevich. Living with him, she secretly met with the wealthy landowner Arseny Bibikov, whom she later married. And this despite the fact that Varvara's father, in the end, gave his blessing to the marriage of his daughter with Bunin. The poet suffered and was disappointed, his youthful tragic love was later reflected in the novel "The Life of Arseniev".

In 1896 Bunin met Anna Tsakni. A beautiful, artistic and rich woman Greek origin, men spoiled their attention and admired her. Her father, Nikolai Petrovich Tsakni, a rich Odessan, was a populist revolutionary.

In the autumn of 1898, Bunin and Tsakni got married, a year later they had a son, but in 1905 the baby died. The couple lived together a little, in 1900 they parted, ceased to understand each other, their outlook on life was different, there was an alienation. And again Bunin experienced this painfully.

In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva in Moscow. Her father was a member of the Moscow City Council, and her uncle presided over the First State Duma. Faith had noble origin, grew up in an intelligent professorial family. At first glance, she seemed a little cold and always calm, but it was this woman who was able to become Bunin's patient and caring wife and be with him until the end of his days.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is one of the most lyrical and poignant authors in all of Russian literature. The central theme of all his work has always been passionate and all-consuming love. In order to create genuine masterpieces that tell about this deep and wonderful feeling, the writer needed inspiration, which he certainly drew from relationships with women.

Love in the life of Bunin

The quivering and tender heart of the writer has always yearned for love. WITH young years young Bunin tried to find personal happiness. True, he did not always succeed.

In his life there were many sad and tragic stories. Such were his first relations with Varvara Pashchenko. The girl was older than the writer, and the age difference prevented young people from getting married - Varvara's father was categorically against it.

Despite this, relations between them continued for some time, until Varvara left Bunin for a rich landowner.

Another love failure befell Bunin in his first marriage. His chosen one this time was a beauty with exotic Greek beauty - Anna Tsakni.

The writer passionately fell in love with this wayward and beautiful woman, but Anna never answered him with such a deep feeling, and in general was not interested in her husband's life.

As a result, the marriage broke up. Bunin experienced this gap very hard.

Vera Muromtseva - the main love in the writer's life

Real happiness and peace came to Bunin only at the age of thirty-six. It was at this time that he met Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva.

Calm, reserved and even somewhat cold, at first she was rather aloof. Yes, and Bunin, it would seem, did not show special interest to the girl.

Only later did he realize that the outward coldness was dictated only by a good upbringing, and behind a restrained shell hides a very tender and kind soul. Yes, and Vera Nikolaevna soon fell in love with Bunin with all her heart and gave him all her warmth and care.

For the first time in for a long time the writer felt truly happy. The lovers made several trips together: to Egypt, Palestine, Vienna, Algeria, France, Capri, Tunisia.

The happiness of Bunin and Muromtseva seemed endless, but then a bloody revolution began. An adherent of the traditional monarchy, the writer did not accept the changes that had taken place in the country. Fearing for their lives, Bunin and Muromtseva fled to Odessa, where they lived for about two years, and then emigrated to France, which hospitably received the writer and his faithful lover and became Bunin's second homeland.

Life in exile and discord in relationships

Having moved to France, the lovers settled in Grasse, not far from Nice. Only here, away from their homeland and after almost sixteen years of their relationship, they finally got married and officially became husband and wife.

It would seem that nothing interfered with their peace until Vera faced her husband's betrayal. On sea ​​shore in Grasse, Bunin met an emigrant from Russia, Galina Kuznetsova, who was married. The writer was seized for a long time forgotten feeling all-consuming passion. Galina could not resist his spell and immediately left her husband and settled in the Bunins' house.

For Vera Nikolaevna, this was a real blow. At first, she had no idea how to live on, but then she made a very courageous decision. She hospitably received Galina in her house and did not interfere with the development of her relationship with Bunin.

This was the beginning of a strange and difficult period in the life of the writer. Faithful, kind and understanding Vera and the young beauty Galina got along with him under the same roof, who at first quarreled and scandalized a lot, but, in the end, even became friends. Despite this, the atmosphere in the house remained very tense and unhealthy.

Life long love

In the end, this story of "threesome life" took on a very unexpected turn: Galina announced that she was leaving Bunin, moreover, to a woman - Margot Stepun. Bunin took this news tragically. His grief was aggravated by the fact that Galina, with her new darling settled in the Bunins' house and lived there for almost eight years.

Only when they left this house, in the life of Ivan Alekseevich and Vera, who dutifully waited for him all this time, did relative calm reign again.

devoted and loving wife forgave the writer for all the suffering she had to go through. In everything, even the most difficult moments she supported Bunin, surrounding him with care, warmth and understanding.

The last years of his life the writer spent in poverty and oblivion, but Vera Nikolaevna was always there, until the death of Bunin. The woman outlived her beloved husband by eight years, and never for a second did she stop loving him and admiring his work.

After the death of Vera, as she herself bequeathed, she was buried at the feet of her husband in the Paris cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Despite all the difficulties, betrayal, misunderstanding, poverty, disease and other problems, this loving woman forgave Bunin everything and became the only one happy story love in his life.

First Russian Nobel laureate Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is called a jeweler of the word, a prose writer-painter, a genius Russian literature And the brightest representative Silver Age. Literary critics agree that Bunin's works there is a kinship with paintings, and in terms of attitude, the stories and novels of Ivan Alekseevich are similar to canvases.

Childhood and youth

Ivan Bunin's contemporaries argue that the writer felt "breed", innate aristocracy. There is nothing to be surprised: Ivan Alekseevich is a representative of the most ancient noble family dating back to the 15th century. The Bunin family coat of arms is included in the coat of arms noble families Russian Empire. Among the ancestors of the writer is the founder of romanticism, the writer of ballads and poems.

Ivan Alekseevich was born in October 1870 in Voronezh, in the family of a poor nobleman and petty official Alexei Bunin, married to his cousin Lyudmila Chubarova, a meek but impressionable woman. She bore her husband nine children, of whom four survived.

The family moved to Voronezh 4 years before the birth of Ivan to educate their eldest sons Yuli and Evgeny. They settled in a rented apartment on Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya Street. When Ivan was four years old, his parents returned to family estate Butyrki in the Oryol province. Bunin spent his childhood on the farm.

The love of reading was instilled in the boy by his tutor, a student of Moscow University, Nikolai Romashkov. At home, Ivan Bunin studied languages, focusing on Latin. The first books of the future writer that he read on his own were The Odyssey and a collection of English poems.

In the summer of 1881, Ivan's father brought him to Yelets. Younger son passed the exams and entered the 1st grade of the male gymnasium. Bunin liked to study, but it did not concern exact sciences. In a letter to his older brother, Vanya admitted that he considers the math exam "the most terrible." After 5 years, Ivan Bunin was expelled from the gymnasium in the middle school year. The 16-year-old boy came to his father's estate Ozerki for the Christmas holidays, but never returned to Yelets. For non-appearance at the gymnasium, the teachers' council expelled the guy. further education Ivan's elder brother Julius took care of him.

Literature

Started in the Ozerki creative biography Ivan Bunin. In the estate, he continued to work on the novel “Passion” begun in Yelets, but the work did not reach the reader. But the poem of the young writer, written under the impression of the death of an idol - the poet Semyon Nadson - was published in the Rodina magazine.

In his father's estate, with the help of his brother, Ivan Bunin prepared for the final exams, passed them and received a matriculation certificate.

From the autumn of 1889 to the summer of 1892, Ivan Bunin worked in the journal Orlovsky Vestnik, where his stories, poems and literary criticism were published. In August 1892, Julius called his brother to Poltava, where he got Ivan a job as a librarian in the provincial government.

In January 1894, the writer visited Moscow, where he met with a congenial soul. Like Lev Nikolaevich, Bunin criticizes urban civilization. In the stories " Antonov apples”, “Epitaph” and “ new road”Guess nostalgic notes for the passing era, one feels regret for the degenerate nobility.

In 1897, Ivan Bunin published the book "To the End of the World" in St. Petersburg. A year earlier he had translated Henry Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha. Bunin's translation included poems by Alkey, Saadi, Adam Mickiewicz and.

In 1898, a poetry collection by Ivan Alekseevich “Under open sky", warmly welcomed literary critics and readers. Two years later, Bunin presented poetry lovers with a second book of poems - Falling Leaves, which strengthened the author's authority as a "poet of the Russian landscape." Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1903 awards Ivan Bunin the first Pushkin Prize, followed by the second.

But in the poetic environment, Ivan Bunin earned a reputation as an "old-fashioned landscape painter." In the late 1890s, “fashionable” poets became favorites, bringing the “breath of city streets” to Russian lyrics, and with its restless heroes. in a review of Bunin's collection "Poems" he wrote that Ivan Alekseevich found himself aloof "from general movement”, but from the point of view of painting, his poetic “canvases” reached the “endpoints of perfection”. Examples of perfection and commitment to the classics of criticism are the poems “I remember a long winter evening"and" Evening ".

Ivan Bunin, the poet, does not accept symbolism and critically looks at revolutionary events 1905–1907, calling himself "a witness to the great and mean". In 1910, Ivan Alekseevich published the story "The Village", which marked the beginning of "a whole series of works that sharply depict the Russian soul." The continuation of the series is the story "Dry Valley" and the stories "Strength", " A good life”,“ Prince in princes ”,“ Bast shoes.

In 1915, Ivan Bunin was at the height of his popularity. Come out of it famous stories"The Gentleman from San Francisco", "Grammar of Love", " Easy breath and Chang's Dreams. In 1917, the writer leaves revolutionary Petrograd, avoiding the "terrible proximity of the enemy." Bunin lived in Moscow for six months, from there in May 1918 he left for Odessa, where he wrote a diary " cursed days”- a furious denunciation of the revolution and the Bolshevik government.

Portrait "Ivan Bunin". Artist Evgeny Bukovetsky

It is dangerous for a writer who criticizes the new government so fiercely to remain in the country. In January 1920, Ivan Alekseevich leaves Russia. He leaves for Constantinople, and in March he ends up in Paris. A collection of short stories called "The Gentleman from San Francisco" was published here, which the public greets enthusiastically.

Since the summer of 1923, Ivan Bunin lived in the Belvedere villa in ancient Grasse, where he visited him. During these years, the stories "Initial Love", "Numbers", "The Rose of Jericho" and "Mitina's Love" were published.

In 1930, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story "The Shadow of a Bird" and completed the most significant work created in exile - the novel "The Life of Arseniev." The description of the hero's experiences is covered with sadness about the departed Russia, "who died before our eyes in such a magically short time."

In the late 1930s, Ivan Bunin moved to the Jeannette Villa, where he lived during the Second World War. The writer was worried about the fate of his homeland and joyfully met the news of the slightest victory Soviet troops. Bunin lived in poverty. He wrote about his predicament:

“I was rich - now, by the will of fate, I suddenly became poor ... I was famous all over the world - now no one in the world needs ... I really want to go home!”

The villa was dilapidated: the heating system did not function, there were interruptions in electricity and water supply. Ivan Alekseevich told his friends in letters about the "cave continuous hunger." In order to get at least a small amount, Bunin asked a friend who left for America to publish the collection “ Dark alleys". The book in Russian with a circulation of 600 copies was published in 1943, for which the writer received $300. The collection includes the story Clean Monday". The last masterpiece of Ivan Bunin - the poem "Night" - was published in 1952.

Researchers of the prose writer's work have noticed that his novels and stories are cinematic. For the first time, a Hollywood producer spoke about the film adaptation of Ivan Bunin's works, expressing a desire to make a film based on the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco." But it ended with a conversation.

In the early 1960s, Russian directors drew attention to the work of a compatriot. A short film based on the story "Mitya's Love" was shot by Vasily Pichul. In 1989, the picture "Non-Urgent Spring" was released on the screens. story of the same name Bunin.

In 2000, the director's biography film "The Diary of His Wife" was released, which tells the story of relationships in the family of the prose writer.

The premiere of the drama "Sunstroke" in 2014 caused a resonance. The tape is based on the story of the same name and the book Cursed Days.

Nobel Prize

For the first time Ivan Bunin was nominated for the competition Nobel Prize in 1922. The Nobel Prize winner was busy with this. But then the award was given Irish poet William Yeats.

In the 1930s, Russian emigrant writers joined the process, and their efforts were crowned with victory: in November 1933, the Swedish Academy awarded Ivan Bunin a literature prize. The appeal to the laureate said that he deserved the award for "recreating in prose a typical Russian character."

Ivan Bunin spent 715 thousand francs of the prize quickly. Half in the first months he distributed to those in need and to everyone who turned to him for help. Even before receiving the award, the writer admitted that he received 2,000 letters asking for help with money.

3 years after the Nobel Prize, Ivan Bunin plunged into habitual poverty. Until the end of his life, he did not have own house. Bunin best described the state of affairs in short poem"The bird has a nest", where there are lines:

The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest.
How the heart beats, sadly and loudly,
When I enter, being baptized, into a strange, rented house
With his old knapsack!

Personal life

The young writer met his first love when he worked at the Oryol Herald. Varvara Pashchenko - a tall beauty in pince-nez - seemed to Bunin too arrogant and emancipated. But soon he found an interesting interlocutor in the girl. A romance broke out, but Varvara's father did not like the poor young man with vague prospects. The couple lived without a wedding. In his memoirs, Ivan Bunin calls Barbara just that - "an unmarried wife."

After moving to Poltava and without that complicated relationship escalated. Varvara, a girl from a wealthy family, was fed up with a beggarly existence: she left home, leaving Bunin a farewell note. Soon Pashchenko became the wife of actor Arseny Bibikov. Ivan Bunin suffered a hard break, the brothers feared for his life.

In 1898, in Odessa, Ivan Alekseevich met Anna Tsakni. She became the first official wife Bunin. In the same year, the wedding took place. But the couple did not live together for long: they broke up two years later. The only son of the writer, Nikolai, was born in the marriage, but in 1905 the boy died of scarlet fever. More kids Bunin did not.

The love of Ivan Bunin's life is the third wife of Vera Muromtseva, whom he met in Moscow, at a literary evening in November 1906. Muromtseva, a graduate of the Higher Women's Courses, was fond of chemistry and spoke three languages ​​fluently. But Vera was far from literary bohemia.

The newlyweds married in exile in 1922: Tsakni did not give Bunin a divorce for 15 years. He was the best man at the wedding. The couple lived together until the very death of Bunin, although their life cannot be called cloudless. In 1926, rumors appeared among the emigrants about a strange love triangle: in the house of Ivan and Vera Bunin lived a young writer Galina Kuznetsova, to whom Ivan Bunin had by no means friendly feelings.

Kuznetsova is called the last love of the writer. She lived at the villa of the Bunin spouses for 10 years. Ivan Alekseevich survived the tragedy when he learned about Galina's passion for the sister of the philosopher Fyodor Stepun - Margarita. Kuznetsova left Bunin's house and went to Margo, which caused the writer's protracted depression. Friends of Ivan Alekseevich wrote that Bunin at that time was on the verge of insanity and despair. He worked for days on end, trying to forget his beloved.

After parting with Kuznetsova, Ivan Bunin wrote 38 short stories included in the collection Dark Alleys.

Death

In the late 1940s, doctors diagnosed Bunin with emphysema. At the insistence of doctors, Ivan Alekseevich went to a resort in the south of France. But the state of health has not improved. In 1947, 79-year-old Ivan Bunin last time addressed an audience of writers.

Poverty forced to seek help from the Russian emigrant Andrei Sedykh. He secured a pension for a sick colleague from the American philanthropist Frank Atran. Until the end of Bunin's life, Atran paid the writer 10,000 francs a month.

In the late autumn of 1953, Ivan Bunin's health deteriorated. He didn't get out of bed. Shortly before his death, the writer asked his wife to read the letters.

On November 8, the doctor declared the death of Ivan Alekseevich. It was caused by cardiac asthma and pulmonary sclerosis. The Nobel laureate was buried at the cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, the place where hundreds of Russian emigrants were buried.

Bibliography

• "Antonov apples"
• "Village"
• "Dry Valley"
• "Easy breath"
• "Chang's Dreams"
• "Lapti"
• "Grammar of Love"
• "Mitina's love"
• "Cursed Days"
• "Sunstroke"
• "The Life of Arseniev"
• "Caucasus"
• "Dark alleys"
• "Cold autumn"
• "Numbers"
• "Clean Monday"
• "The Case of Cornet Yelagin"

Probably none of the classics wrote about love the way Ivan Bunin- one of the most lyrical authors of Russian literature of the twentieth century. There were many dramatic events in his life. love stories that influenced his work. Three women became muses for the writer, inspiring equally with their love and cruelty.

At the age of 19, Ivan Bunin was going to marry Varvara Pashchenko. She worked as a proofreader in the Orlovsky Vestnik, and he worked as an assistant editor. Varya was only a year older than her chosen one, but the age difference seemed an obstacle to her parents. Just like the fact that Bunin at that time was a young poet, without housing, without money, and, as it seemed to them, without prospects for the future. Despite this, the relationship between them continued for some time, they either lived together or diverged, but in the end the girl left him for a rich landowner, whom she first secretly met from Bunin, and then married him.

After breaking up with Varvara, Bunin moved to Moscow, then to Odessa, and there he met Anna Tsakni, a beauty of Greek origin. He called her " sunstroke". She was rich, capricious, spoiled by male attention and cold, although she accepted his advances. “It is touching for me to remember,” Bunin told his brother, “how many times I opened my soul to her, full of the best tenderness, she doesn’t feel anything, some kind of stake. She is stupid and undeveloped, like a puppy. Nevertheless, they got married.

The marriage did not last long - because of the difference in the views of the spouses and the fact that Anna did not have such deep feelings for her husband. Bunin shared his feelings with his brother: “I refuse to describe my suffering, and I don’t need to ... This morning I lay for three hours in the steppe and sobbed and screamed, because not a single person experienced more torment, more despair, insult and suddenly lost love, hope ... How I love her, you can’t imagine ... I don’t have anyone dearer. The writer was very worried about breaking up with Anna, he even tried to commit suicide.

In 1906, Bunin met a woman who, unlike everyone else, was a real guardian angel for him. Vera Muromtseva became his second wife and devoted her whole life to her husband. Together they spent 46 years. She had to endure and forgive a lot, but even in the most difficult situations she remained a loving and devoted wife, friend, adviser and comforter. For Bunin, she became a safe haven after stormy romances and painful partings. He took her feelings for granted, and when asked if he loves his wife, the writer replied: “To love Vera? It's like loving your arm or leg."

With her, he traveled half the world, with her he went into exile and reached the heights in creativity. But when he was awarded the Nobel Prize, not only Vera stood nearby, but another woman - the third fatal love in his life. In 1926, the beginning writer Galina Kuznetsova settled in their villa. Bunin introduced her to his wife as his student and assistant. And the wife had to come to terms with the presence of her husband's young mistress in their house.

When Bunin met Galina Kuznetsova, he was 56, and she was 26. But he was not afraid of either the age difference or the fact that both were not free. Galina left her husband without hesitation, but Bunin could not and did not want to part with Vera. At the same time, he understood that Galya was his last love, and it is also impossible to resist this feeling. The three of them spent almost 10 years. Everything collapsed when the sister of the philosopher Fyodor Stepun Marga appeared in their house. Bunin said in despair: “I thought some dude with a glass parting in his hair would come. And my grandmother took her away from me ... ". Galina really left the writer for Marga, but did not leave physically: for another 8 years, both women were in the care of Bunin and lived in his house. This was a hard blow for him, with which he barely coped.

The name of the writer Ivan Bunin is well known not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders. Thanks to own works the first Russian laureate in the field of literature deserved world fame while still alive! To better understand what guided this person when creating your own unique masterpieces, you should study the biography of Ivan Bunin and his view of many things in life.

Brief biographical sketches from early childhood

The future was born great writer back in 1870, October 22. Voronezh became his homeland. Bunin's family was not rich: his father became an impoverished landowner, so from early childhood, little Vanya experienced many material deprivations.

The biography of Ivan Bunin is very unusual, and this manifested itself from the very early period his life. Even as a child, he was very proud that he was born in noble family. At the same time, Vanya tried not to focus on material difficulties.

As evidenced by the biography of Ivan Bunin, in 1881 he entered the first class. Ivan Alekseevich began his schooling at the Yelets Gymnasium. However, due to the severe financial position his parents were forced to leave school already in 1886 and continue to learn the basics of science at home. It is thanks to studying at home that young Vanya gets acquainted with the work of such famous writers, as Koltsov A.V. and Nikitin I.S.

A number of interesting entertaining facts about the beginning of Bunin's career

Ivan Bunin began writing his very first poems at the age of 17. It was then that he made his creative debut, which turned out to be very successful. No wonder the print media published the works of the young author. But then their editors could hardly have imagined how stunning successes in the field of literature awaited Bunin in the future!

At the age of 19, Ivan Alekseevich moved to Orel and got a job in a newspaper with the eloquent title "Orlovsky Vestnik".

In 1903 and 1909, Ivan Bunin, whose biography is presented to the attention of the reader in the article, is awarded Pushkin Prize. And on November 1, 1909, he was elected an honorary academician to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, which specialized in refined literature.

Important events from personal life

The personal life of Ivan Bunin is replete with many interesting moments to which you should pay attention. In the life of a great writer, there were 4 women for whom he had tender feelings. And each of them played a certain role in his fate! Let's pay attention to each of them:

1. Varvara Pashchenko - Bunin Ivan Alekseevich met her at the age of 19. This happened in the building of the editorial office of the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper. But with Varvara, who was one year older than him, Ivan Alekseevich lived in a civil marriage. Difficulties in their relationship began due to the fact that Bunin simply could not provide her with the material standard of living that she aspired to. As a result, Varvara Pashchenko cheated on him with a wealthy landowner.
2. Anna Tsakni in 1898 became the legal wife of a famous Russian writer. He met her in Odessa during the holidays and was simply struck by her natural beauty. However family life quickly cracked due to the fact that Anna Tsakni always dreamed of returning to hometown- Odessa. Therefore, the whole Moscow life was a burden for her, and she accused her husband of indifference to her and callousness.
3. Vera Muromtseva is the beloved woman of Bunin Ivan Alekseevich, with whom he lived the longest - 46 years. They formalized their relationship only in 1922 - 16 years after they met. And Ivan Alekseevich met his future wife in 1906, during the literary evening. After the wedding, the writer and his wife moved to live in the southern part of France.
4. Galina Kuznetsova lived next to the writer's wife, Vera Muromtseva, and was not at all embarrassed by this fact, however, like Ivan Alekseevich's wife herself. In total, she lived for 10 years in a French villa.

Political views of the writer

The political views of many people had a significant impact on public opinion. Therefore, certain newspaper publications devoted a lot of time to them.

Even despite the fact that to a greater extent Ivan Alekseevich had to deal with own creativity outside of Russia, he always loved his homeland and understood the meaning of the word "patriot". However, Bunin was alien to belonging to any particular party. But in one of his interviews, the writer once mentioned that the idea of ​​a social democratic system is closer to him in spirit.

Personal life tragedy

In 1905, Bunin Ivan Alekseevich experienced a heavy grief: his son Nikolai, whom Anna Tsakni bore to him, died. This fact can definitely be attributed to the personal life tragedy of the writer. However, as follows from the biography, Ivan Bunin held on steadfastly, was able to endure the pain of loss and give, despite such a sad event, many literary “pearls” to the whole world! What else is known about the life of the Russian classic?

Ivan Bunin: interesting facts from life

Bunin very much regretted that he graduated from only 4 classes of the gymnasium and could not receive a systematic education. But given fact did not at all prevent him from leaving a considerable mark in the world's literary work.

For a long period of time, Ivan Alekseevich had to stay in exile. And all this time he dreamed of returning to his homeland. Bunin actually cherished this dream until his death, but it remained unrealizable.

At the age of 17, when he wrote his first poem, Ivan Bunin tried to imitate his great predecessors - Pushkin and Lermontov. Perhaps their work had a great influence on the young writer and became an incentive to create his own works.

Few people now know that early childhood writer Ivan Bunin poisoned himself with henbane. Then his nanny saved him from certain death, who gave little Vanya milk to drink in time.

The writer tried to determine the appearance of a person by the limbs, as well as the back of the head.

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich was passionate about collecting various boxes, as well as bottles. At the same time, he fiercely guarded all his “exhibits” for many years!

These and others Interesting Facts characterize Bunin as an extraordinary personality, able not only to realize his talent in the field of literature, but also to take an active part in many fields of activity.

Famous collections and works of Bunin Ivan Alekseevich

Most major works that Ivan Bunin managed to write in his life are the stories "Mitina Lyubov", "Village", "Dry Valley", as well as the novel "Arseniev's Life". It was for the novel that Ivan Alekseevich was awarded the Nobel Prize.

The collection of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin "Dark Alleys" is very interesting for the reader. It contains stories that touch on the theme of love. The writer worked on them in the period from 1937 to 1945, that is, exactly when he was in exile.

Also highly appreciated are the samples of Ivan Bunin's work, which were included in the collection "Cursed Days". It describes the revolutionary events of 1917 and the whole historical aspect that they carried in themselves.

Popular poems by Ivan Alekseevich Bunin

In each of his poems, Bunin clearly expressed certain thoughts. For example, in famous work"Childhood" the reader gets acquainted with the thoughts of the child with regards to the world around him. A ten-year-old boy reflects on how majestic nature is around and how small and insignificant he is in this universe.

In the verse "Night and Day" the poet masterfully describes different times days and focuses on the fact that everything is gradually changing in human life and only God remains eternal.

The nature in the work “Rafts” is interestingly described, as well as the hard work of those who ferry people to the opposite bank of the river every day.

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize was awarded to Ivan Bunin for his novel "The Life of Arseniev", which actually told about the life of the writer himself. Although this book came out in 1930, in it Ivan Alekseevich tried to “pour out his soul” and his feelings about certain life situations.

Officially, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Bunin on December 10, 1933 - that is, 3 years after his release. famous novel. He received this honorary award from the hands of the Swedish king Gustav V.

It is noteworthy that for the first time in history, the Nobel Prize was awarded to a person who is officially in exile. Until that moment, not a single genius who became its owner was in exile. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin just became this "pioneer", who was noted by the world literary community with such valuable encouragement.

In total, the Nobel Prize winners were supposed to receive 715,000 francs in cash. It would seem that a very impressive amount. But the writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin quickly squandered it, as he provided financial assistance Russian emigrants, who bombarded him with many different letters.

Writer's death

Death came to Ivan Bunin rather unexpectedly. His heart stopped during sleep, and this sad event happened on November 8, 1953. It was on this day that Ivan Alekseevich was in Paris and could not even imagine his imminent death.

Surely Bunin dreamed of living long and one day dying on native land, among his relatives and a large number friends. But fate decreed differently, as a result of which most The writer spent his life in exile. However, thanks to his unsurpassed creativity, he actually ensured immortality for his name. The literary masterpieces written by Bunin will be remembered for many more generations of people. Creative person, like him, gains world fame and becomes a historical reflection of the era in which she worked!

Ivan Bunin was buried in one of the cemeteries in France (Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois). So rich and interesting biography Ivan Bunin. What is its role in world literature?

The role of Bunin in world literature

We can safely say that Ivan Bunin (1870-1953) left a noticeable mark on world literature. Thanks to such virtues as ingenuity and verbal sensitivity, which the poet possessed, he was excellent at creating the most suitable literary images in their works.

By his nature, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was a realist, but, despite this, he skillfully supplemented his stories with something fascinating and unusual. The uniqueness of Ivan Alekseevich was that he did not identify himself with any famous literary group and fundamental in its view "flow".

All of Bunin's best stories were devoted to Russia and told about everything that connected the writer with it. Perhaps it was thanks to these facts that the stories of Ivan Alekseevich were very popular among Russian readers.

Unfortunately, Bunin's work has not been fully explored by our contemporaries. Scientific research language and style of the writer is yet to come. His influence on Russian literature of the 20th century has not yet been revealed, perhaps because, like Pushkin, Ivan Alekseevich is unique. There is a way out of this situation: turning again and again to Bunin's texts, to documents, archives, and contemporaries' memories of him.