Actually, there is nothing wrong with nicknames. Other children who have grown up and after many, many years, having become adults, joyfully respond to “Hello, Captain!”, “Do you remember, Chizhik ...”. Another thing is if the nickname given to your child by the neighbors is pejorative. Churkin, who became a Chump, or a teenager Sasha, who was a Bukashka, and then renamed Maggot.

They say children are cruel people. They sometimes come up with such "klikuhi" that you never dreamed of. In fact, they simply think less about the consequences and give in to impulses more. They called him - he made a noise, oh, fun! And often adults themselves create conditions for children's tactlessness.

"Boy, what's your name? - a meticulous neighbor tortures three-year-old Vadim. - Vova or Dima? The kid looks at his mother (she smiles reassuringly) and suddenly says: "My name is ... Hedgehog ... and Stupid." Everyone, of course, laughs. The kid blinks his eyes in bewilderment and laughs too. As long as he doesn't feel bad. He does not understand what the salt is, and is ready to agree to the "bloonhead". And then, perhaps, he will already get so used to the nickname that he will not be able to either notice or rebel against its derogatory meaning.

Offensive teasing nicknames are not as harmless as they might seem at first glance. They are like a mask that is slipped on a child, and he is forced to either put it on and suffer in silence (in order to be accepted into the company, the child is ready for a lot), or fight for the honor of his real name.

But what is interesting: no name-calling sticks to one of the children (they teased - and stopped), to others they stick tightly. Why?

A normal child treats his own name so reverently that he perceives any distortion (accidental, and even more so intentional) as an attack, as an attempt on his personality. I remember how our Lenya, while still a second-grader, came from school gloomy, threw his satchel into one corner, sat down in another himself, sighed and thought: “They call me names again.” "Leopold again?" I asked. "No, now some kind of Lenin." - "And you?" - "I fight and call them names." I giggled (in a generation, they don’t know about Lenin), but since the person really suffered, I realized that measures had to be taken.

What should a child who is being teased do? What should the parents of a child who is being teased do? You can prove to both the baby and yourself that this is nonsense. You can chase the name-callers with a whoop in the hope of catching and tearing them out. But this does not help much, they will not stop teasing, they will just do it on the sly.

There is only one thing we can truly help with: give advice. And the advice is very simple: "Don't react in any way." Don't do anything. are called offensive nickname- do not respond, name-calling - do not react. Behave as if nothing had happened - they are not talking to you. You are Leonidas. It is interesting to tease someone who reacts: angry, offended, indignant. Protests. And don't get offended and don't get angry. Don't respond - it's not your name. Remember: all other people's names, nicknames and nicknames have nothing to do with you. Offenders will get tired when they understand: no nicknames and nicknames apply to you.

This simple advice that you will give to your child is actually a very powerful tool. But in order for a child to be able to use it, it is necessary to educate in a young person - literally from the cradle - a feeling dignity. And never call him names, never humiliate him. Never. And don't let anyone else do it.

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A lot of girls try to make their boyfriend stand out by giving him original nickname which will make it stand out from the others.

It seems that coming up with an original nickname for a guy is easy, but in fact it is not. More often they use standard nicknames and nicknames.

Where did the nicknames come from?

History says that nicknames in pre-Christian times had the meaning of names.

The nickname in those days personified a pronounced characteristic of a person: external features, occupation, bad habits, behavioral features.

Pagan traditions were replaced by Christian ones and the child was already given a name in accordance with biblical norms. The nickname began to take on the meaning of a surname.

Considering more recent events, nicknames and nicknames became common due to the fact that a child could be given several names at birth.

The choice was left to the man when he grew up. The Slavs have one name from birth, so the characteristic is determined by the nickname acquired during life.

Nickname sources:

1. Close and dear people try to compare a person with pleasant phenomena, therefore they give cute nicknames.
2. In places of deprivation of liberty, the nickname in jargon is called drove. For each experienced there is a nickname that characterizes the character and misdeeds of a person.
3. IN modern society nicknames are more often given in accordance with physical features or by names.
4. Pirate traditions called for each other to be called by fictitious "names" so as not to reveal their identity when committing illegal acts.
5. Cool nicknames can be borrowed from movies and songs if there is a similarity between the person and the character.
6. Unusual nicknames are obtained due to a play on words that characterize some human traits, behavioral features.

As in ancient times, such "call signs" accompany a person from birth to old age.

Depending on the change in the type of activity, character traits, social circle, nicknames may change.

List of funny and cool

"Call signs" for a person can be beautiful, offensive and funny. In accordance with interesting and original nicknames, tests were carried out by psychologists.

The results showed that people with such “middle names” are most prone to depression and are more mentally unstable.

Note! A non-standard name given at birth, in contrast to mocking nicknames, makes a person stronger and more purposeful.

Girls choose affectionate nicknames for the guys they like.

A gentle reprimand cannot be received from friends or enemies - they will try to present the negative in a person, physical features. Often there are funny and non-standard nicknames, causing a smile, interest.

List of funny nicknames in different situations:

Examples of offensive nicknames

Nicknames can be at the same time not only cool, but also offensive to their owner.

Often such offensive complaints refer to a defect in appearance, character. Sometimes even funny and funny complaints can offend a person.

Usually hilarious unspoken middle names are invented for ex boyfriend. Thus, a girl can recoup for insults by spreading insulting urges.

What a shame to call a guy:

• Zhirtrest and Donut. They are assigned to guys with overweight or curvaceous figure.
• A bald head is ideal for a man with large bald patches on his forehead.
• Cheburashka. Emphasizes the appearance of the guy's big, protruding ears.
• Pig or Stinky. This is a complaint for a sloppy or unscrupulous man.
• Nibbler. Suitable for people with crooked or protruding front teeth.

There can be many examples. It all depends on the imagination of the inventor. Some offensive nicknames and nicknames for the carrier are not.

The degree of susceptibility of a person is of great importance.

The meaning of nicknames

An originally presented nickname, especially with a foreign pronunciation, can carry a positive or negative meaning. Before you attach a complaint to a person, you need to know exactly the meaning.

Meaning of nicknames:

• Sociable is an energetic guy.
• Jovial - for a smiling and open guy.
• Godfather - refers to the prison jargon. Emphasizes human dominance.
• Olejandro, Sancho and the like are derived from male names.
• Skeleton. The nickname has many meanings, quoted by culture, beliefs and position in society.
• Dario and similar aliases attribute to a person the features of movie heroes or representatives of other nations.

It is worth considering the origin of the drove. Some came into use from places of deprivation of liberty and belong to the characteristics of thieves' concepts. Cultural and folk aspects are also worth considering.

Note! Some nationalities take nicknames very seriously, considering them to be the second name of a person.

You should be especially careful with nicknames in English. It is necessary to know the translation, so as not to be a fool and the subject of ridicule.

Some people come up with aliases for themselves - but this must be done correctly.

Useful video

About 1500 people live on our planet. different peoples, which have their own individual names that distinguish them forrug from a friend. But in addition to official names, many peoples also have nicknames given to them at one time by their friends, neighbors or, conversely, opponents. Of course, they are not mentioned in international treaties and other important documents.

Each of these nicknames, sometimes mockingly joking, sometimes sarcastically offensive, has its own history and its own destiny. Some of them are known only to historians, while others, on the contrary, exist to this day.

Some nicknames even became official names peoples in the languages ​​in which they originated. Everything depends on the historical situation that contributed to their appearance, and further relations between peoples.

Where did the barbarians come from?

The appearance of the first national nicknames dates back to ancient times. Even the ancient Greeks, and later the Romans, used the word "barbarians" in relation to the peoples surrounding them. They were called peoples belonging to different ethnic groups and speaking in different languages: Slavs, Germans, Celts and many others. For Greece and Rome with their developed culture these peoples looked very backward. And their language was incomprehensible.

It seemed to the Greeks and Romans that, while communicating with each other, they utter some strange sounds - “var-var”. Hence the nickname, which has existed for many centuries. Later, this word lost its original meaning and became a household word. Now it means a rude, ignorant person who destroys what was created by the labor of others, regardless of his nationality.

Who are the freaks?

arose national nicknames and in Rus'. In the second half of the 15th century, on the initiative of Grand Duke Ivan III in Russian state many foreigners came, mainly from southern Europe, mainly from Italy. These were architects, engineers, gunsmiths and other craftsmen. Here the Italians received the nickname "fryagi", "fryazi" or "fryaziny".

This word was borrowed with some distortion from the Serbian language, where it meant "Latins", that is, Catholics. Accordingly, any item of Italian import was designated by the word "fryazhsky". In the official documents of that time, the nickname “Fryazin” was added to the names of the Italian masters, with which many of them went down in history.

How did the Germans become Germans?

Pronouncing the words "German", "German", we do not even think about their origin. And it has its interesting story also dating back to the Middle Ages. In addition to the Italians, who received “their” nickname, residents of other countries also came to us. European countries. These were diplomats, merchants and craftsmen different professions. Naturally, immediately upon arrival, none of them knew Russian and could not communicate with the local population without an interpreter.

Having met a foreigner on the street and asked him some question, a Russian person did not receive any answer from him. So the opinion appeared that all foreigners are dumb and cannot speak. That's why they called them Germans. Moreover, this concept included not only the inhabitants of Germany, but also the Dutch, the British and many others. Gradually, this word began to designate precisely the Germans, and it established itself in the Russian language as a generally accepted norm.

Boches, Fritz and Hans.

Nicknames appeared in more late time. Especially "got" the same Germans, who were often given contemptuous nicknames by other nations. In the 19th century, Prussia - the largest German state - often waged wars with its neighbors. France was one of the main targets of its aggression. The evil-tongued French came up with a nickname for their opponents. They disparagingly called them bosses.

This word also existed in the 20th century, especially during the two world wars unleashed by Germany. During the First World War, Russia also had to face the Germans in a military confrontation. And in Russian, it was not long before another nickname for them appeared - Fritz. This word comes from one of the common names in Germany, which can be both independent and diminutive of the name Friedrich.

This nickname of the Germans became especially popular in 1941, when Germany again attacked the now Soviet Union. There was at that time another nickname - Hans, also derived from the common German name. However, now these nicknames, which are not very pleasant for the German people, are already a thing of the past, and our countries have maintained friendly relations for many years.

Chub against beard.

Anything can be the basis for the appearance of national nicknames. Some features of the appearance of people can become an occasion. The most famous is a kind of "exchange" of nicknames between two fraternal Slavic peoples- Russian and Ukrainian.

At one time, the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks shaved their heads, leaving a forelock in front, which the Russians called "khokhol". The carriers of such a hairstyle themselves were also called Khokhols, and from them the nickname passed to all crests in general. Of course, they did not remain in debt and also came up with a nickname for the Russians, associated with their appearance.

Unlike Ukrainians, Russians wore beards, which gave the first reason to call them katsaps. In Ukrainian, the word "tsap" means a goat, which, as you know, has a "beard". The Ukrainian phrase "yak tsap" literally meant "like a goat". Later it was transformed into the well-known word "katsap". Both of these nicknames have long become comic, and people with a sense of humor are not offended by them.

There is another nickname for Russians in Ukraine, which has a more negative connotation - Muscovites. Naturally, it comes from the name of the capital of Russia. Initially, this was the name of the officials who, after the unification of Ukraine with the Russian state, came there to establish new orders. Then this nickname began to be called all Russians. It is in this meaning, and extremely dismissive, that it still exists in the west of Ukraine.

Potatoes, pasta and frogs.

Finally, some nicknames originated from the characteristics of a particular national cuisine. It is known that in Italy one of the favorite national dishes is pasta. "Good" neighbors immediately responded to this fact, calling the Italians pasta. However, this does not prevent residents of all countries of the world from visiting numerous Italian restaurants and eating spaghetti with pleasure.

The French were not left without a nickname, in whose national cuisine certain types of frogs are used. They became known as frogs. True, the French themselves are not very pleased with this nickname. Moreover, in French cuisine there are enough other dishes from a variety of products.

With regard to the nickname, the Belarusians were the most fortunate. Their cuisine has a wide variety of delicious meals from potatoes, which are rich in Belarusian land. In Belarusian, potatoes are called "bulba". So the Belarusians were nicknamed by their neighbors - Russians and Ukrainians - Bulbash. However, Belarusian people not offended at all by such a nickname. Cheerful, good-natured and hospitable Bulbash has long become something like unofficial symbol Belarus.

In russian language.

Abrek - Chechen, Dagestan, in a broad sense, a representative of any nation North Caucasus male. Among the Caucasians themselves - a mountaineer-outcast.

Azer, aizer - Azerbaijani.

Azeri is also one of the self-names of Azerbaijanis, probably originating from the name of the disappeared Indo-European language a northwestern subgroup of Iranian languages ​​that existed on the territory of Southern Iranian Azerbaijan presumably until the 17th century.

Amerikos, Amer, Pindos(this word originally denoted the Greeks) - an American.

Ara is Armenian (does not carry an offensive connotation).

Afro-ass, afro-ass, afro-black-ass- black person. It arose as a sharply negative reaction to the politically correct "African American".

An Afro-Russian is a Negro living in Russia.

Baibak is the nickname of the Karelians or the inhabitants of Karelia in general. It has a contemptuous connotation, hints at the negative qualities inherent in the steppe marmot - laziness, stupidity.

Basurman (Busurman, Busarman, Basurmanin, Busarmanin)- in the old days in Rus': a Tatar, a person of a different religion, mainly from the East. Initially, the nickname has a religious meaning: "basurman" - obviously, a distorted "Muslim" - that is, a non-believer.

Biralyukas (bralyukas)- Lithuanians. Origin from "brolis" - "brother", "brolyukas" - "brother".

Bulbash (from Bel. Bulba - "potato") - Belarusian.

Hans is German.

Guran - usually used in relation to the descendants of mixed marriages of Russians and Buryats in Transbaikalia, also to the Transbaikal Cossacks. It came from the name of a male roe deer, which is one of the main game animals in Transbaikalia. Gurans in Transbaikalia have a special "brotherly" (semi-Mongoloid) appearance, thick black hair, wide cheekbones and swarthy skin, and also speak a special, Transbaikalian dialect of the Russian language.

The Jew is a Jew.

Beast, animal (came out of thieves' jargon) - a contemptuous nickname for visitors mainly from Transcaucasia or from Central Asia, less often - from the North Caucasus.

Labus (Hans) - Latvians. Comes from the Lithuanian greeting "labas", "laba diena" - "good afternoon"

Lyakh (obsolete) - Pole.

The frog is French.

Lapps are Saami.

Myrk, Moor - a derogatory nickname for uncultured, uncouth, rude people in Kyrgyzstan. Synonym - "cattle". The nickname is used by the population living in the capital of Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek in relation to rural residents.

Pasta is Italian.

Mambet - formerly widespread male name, derived from the word "Mahambet" Kazakh pronunciation of the word "Muhammad". It is used both by the non-Kazakh population and by urban Kazakhs in relation to rural Kazakhs or recent immigrants from the village. A priori, a Kazakh who does not speak Russian well is considered a mambet in Kazakhstan.

Muscovites - Russians (outdated).

Non-Russian - used disparagingly in relation to anyone who is not Russian.

Ниггер - заимствованное из США оскорбительное наименование чернокожего.

Pindos (sometimes "pendos") - from about the 19th century in the Russian Empire, as now in the south of Russia and Ukraine, as well as in Kazakhstan, are Greeks. However, it is now increasingly used in relation to Americans.

Psheki (pshek) - Poles. It arose due to the "hissing" nature of Polish speech.

Russians, Rusapets, Russians- outdated self-name of Russians.

Samoyeds (obsolete) - Nenets.

Seldyuk is a Siberian nickname, roughly the same as chaldon.

Fritz is the name of the Germans. Origin - shortened form of the name "Friedrich"

Tungus (outdated) - Evenks.

Narrow-eyed is a disrespectful nickname for the Mongoloids (Chinese, Koreans, Vietnamese, etc.).

Khach, Khachik - Armenian (in last years mistakenly any native of the North Caucasus and the Transcaucasian countries).

Chaplashka is a Tatar (approx. in Tatarstan).

Chah (i) (obsolete) - Czech.

Black-assed (from hair color or dark skin) - absolute brunettes, people from the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East. It is a kind of backronym for the American Wog, which is also used to refer to residents from the Middle East, Southern Europe and the Balkans: Italians, Moroccans, Latin Americans, Macedonians, Greeks or Spaniards. The nickname, originally referring to blacks, has now mostly been transferred to black-haired or dark-skinned foreigners.

Black:

The first meaning (from hair color or swarthy skin) is a pejorative designation by the predominantly Russian population of representatives of the Transcaucasus, Central Asia and the Middle East. In Russia, this term has a different meaning in contrast to the United States, that is, people are meant not literally “black”, but precisely “black-haired”, brunettes, people who are Caucasian in their type, but still with skin slightly darker than that of northern Europeans. This nickname denotes Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tajiks, Moldovans, etc.

The second meaning (according to skin color) is the same as African Americans, Negroes, blacks belonging to the Negroid race.

Khokhols - crests (from the Cossack custom to wear a forelock).

Chaldons, chaldons- dialect designation of Siberians. It was used among Russian Siberians in relation to other Russian Siberians with an emphasis on the stupidity and “valenkovnost” of a person. At present, the use of the word is rare even in Siberia, it is found mainly among the older generation.

Black dropout (by color of the skin) - representatives negroid race, Negroes, the designation "black" is also common.

Czech (derivative, army slang listen)) is a Chechen, predominantly a Chechen militant.

Chocks, chumps, chureks, chebureks, babakhany, rhinos, chuchmeks, saxauls- contemptuous designation of representatives of the peoples of Central Asia. given word penetrated into colloquial speech from the criminal jargon, obviously from the Turk.

Chukhonets, chukhon, chukhna- a disrespectful nickname, used mainly by the Russian population in relation initially to the Ingrian Finns, later to the Finns of Finland and other representatives of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Chukhna, Chushka - Finland.

Hellenes are Greeks.

Yankees are Americans.

in other languages.

Ami (Ami) - the nickname of the Americans by the Germans (simplification / reduction).

Aleman - lit. "German" (Spanish) - in Cuba, all white Europeans.

Ak-fist, ash-kuloh(literally white-eared) - an insulting nickname for the Slavs in Central Asia, an analogue of the Russian "black-assed".

Boshes are Germans. Borrowed from French, the lexicon of the First World War, got into Russian.

Bosha is the nickname of the Gypsies among Armenians.

Burla (burlak) is an insulting nickname for Russians in Central Asia.

Wessy - residents of Germany (before the unification of Germany and the GDR). It comes from the German Westdeutschland - West Germany.

Gaijin (from gaikokujin, foreigner) is a disrespectful nickname for non-Japanese in Japan.

Goy - (a word from the Torah) means a non-Jew. It is used in both humiliating and neutral meanings.

Gringos are foreigners, most often of Caucasian appearance, often Americans (in Latin America and Mexico).

John Bull is an Englishman.

Kafir - all non-Muslims (identical to the Jewish goy, Russian infidel, impious, non-Christ).

Latinos is a nickname for Hispanics in the United States, the word has also been transferred to Russian.

Nazaris (Arabic lit. "Nazarenes") are Christians among the southern Arabs.

Ora - the treatment of men among themselves among the Abkhazians.

Rusaki is the collective self-name of the Russian-speaking population in Germany.

Rushpans - Ukrainian. "Russians".

Sarybas, sarybash(literally "yellow-headed") - an insulting nickname for Europeans in Central Asia, used in the sense of "coward", "blunder", "fool".

Shoshka (chuchka) - derogatory nickname Slavs (mostly Russians) in Central Asia, literally "pigs" is sometimes used in the sense of "pig-like", "pig-eaters", "pig people".

Ivans are Russians (among the Germans and not only).

Kalbit - in the regions of Russia bordering Kazakhstan contemptuously - Kazakh.

Kizdym - Kazakh.

Katsapy ( Ukrainian word) are Russians. Most often refers to the inhabitants of Moscow because of the unusual dialect common there. Most Russians, including Muscovites, are unaware of the existence of any nickname given by Ukrainians, in principle, let alone this specific one.

Cockney is a resident of London's working-class neighborhoods. IN English language, from which it is borrowed, is not offensive.

Xenos is a word used by the indigenous population of Greece in relation to foreigners, foreign-speaking people, emigrants, migrants and to all those who are alien to Greek culture. The word is used in both derogatory and neutral meanings. Xenophobia is the same root word for hostility towards outsiders. A word similar in meaning in use in Russian is non-Russian.

Laowai is a vernacular Chinese term for any foreigners of European origin.

Laomaozi (maozi)- colloquial Chinese designation of Russians.

Muscovites are Russians, more often immigrants from Moscow.

Ossi - residents of the GDR (before the unification of the FRG and the GDR) and the eastern part of present-day Germany. It comes from the German Ostdeutschland - East Germany.

Pakis is a derogatory nickname for people from Pakistan in the UK.

Persil is a contemptuous nickname for an Azerbaijani or a Turk in Turkmenistan.

Pifke is a nickname that the inhabitants of Austria and especially Vienna call the inhabitants of part of Germany, at present this is mainly called tourists from Germany. In Germany itself, this nickname is used as a playful designation of a braggart or imaginary.

Raski is a contemptuous name for Russians (in the broad sense of all citizens from the former USSR) among Americans.

Ryussa - Russians among the Finns.

Sart is a word used by the Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Turkmens to people of Uzbek nationality, most often this word is perceived as humiliating and abusive.

Tibla is an offensive nickname for Russian speakers in Estonia.

Farang is a Thai word originally referring to the French. Is not offensive. In Thailand and Cambodia, farang (barang) refers to any foreigner of European origin.

Habibi - so the Americans disparagingly call the Arabs.

Shuravi - Originally the designation of Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan. At the moment, the neutral designation of all Russians in Arab countries.

Yahudiy - colloquial designation by Uzbeks of a person of the Jewish religion, is used both in a humiliating and in a neutral sense.

POM (Pommy) is a playful nickname for the English in Australia, New Zealand and sometimes South Africa.

molomo.ru

On the offensive nicknames of the English seva_bbc October 24th, 2013

I will never forget how my dearest Tatar mother-in-law, Myakfuzya Akhtyamovna, now, alas, deceased, at the moment of a quarrel with her husband threw a terrible insult: “Urus!” she shouted to him, “the enemy!”

"Urus", as you understand, means "Russian". In the Ukrainian context, this insult could be "moskal" or "katsap". The Russians, of course, also do not remain in debt: “Khokhol”, “lyakh”, “chukhna”, “kid”, “chuchmek” - what words ours did not invent talented people for your neighbors.

It is clear that nicknames or nicknames for a people can only appear in a collision with it, and since the British actively traveled, conquered and colonized, they came up with nicknames in all corners of the world. I picked something for you, knowing that such terms in relation to others are always pleasant to hear.

For almost a thousand years, the main enemy for the Englishman was the Frenchman. The politically incorrect public still calls them FROGS - FROGS, because they eat frog legs.

The French, accordingly, call the British ROSTBIF for their love of baked beef. In Poland, the British were nicknamed FAJFOKLOK, that is, "five o'clock", the time when the British used to drink tea for their excessive punctuality and minute-by-minute fulfillment of the daily schedule. May also be called "Angol" or "Anglik". I have a friend, who was abandoned by his wife here, tired me for a long time with conversations: “and mine went to the Anglic ...”

Liberal people live in Holland, and therefore the nickname turned out to be not offensive LINKSRIERS - LEFT-HAND, since the British drive on the left side of the street. The Dutch, by the way, also drove like that, moreover, all of Europe drove on the left side, but in 1795 the usurper, Napoleon, took over Europe and forced everyone to drive on the right.

In Argentina, after the lost war for the Falklands, the British were nicknamed PIRATAS. English tourists, coming to Portugal, entered the national consciousness with their constant COME ON - "come on" or "let's go", therefore the Portuguese nickname for the English is OS CAMONES.

Relations between China and England, historically speaking, were difficult. Two opium wars, where England acted as a drug-dealing state, the Boxer Rebellion, the capture of Hong Kong ... If in Russia children were frightened by a policeman, then in China, after all the fears, children were frightened by a “white ghost”, GWAI LO is a ghost of a man or GWAI POR - female ghost.

Years have passed, now the inhabitants of Hong Kong already consider such a nickname as an honor.

Germany gave birth to the contemptuous nickname Inselaffe, which means "island monkey".

My favorite nickname for the English came up in Swahili, the word MZUNGU, literally translated - "man without smell." Now, in the morning, getting out of the shower, I say to myself - MZUNGU!

The plural of "mzungu" is BAZUNGU, and the contemptuous version of this expression for frail or undersized Englishmen is KAZUNGU.

The palette of offensive nicknames for the English in different parts of the world is wide and varied.

As the poet said - choose to taste.

*****

Moskal, katsap, crest, kike. national nicknames.

Today, for some reason, thoughts came to me. I went to work and thought about such a thing as national nicknames. Muscovite, crest, katsap, kike. Now it's hurtful words. crests are offended when their country is called Khokhland, and they themselves are Khokhls. I don't care if they call me a Muscovite, or rather even a katsap. This is a historical nickname and I will not be offended, because there is truth in this. After all, initially it had some kind of basis. I decided to figure it out and put it in my LJ. Thanks to the Wikipedia site for its existence, I took all the information there.
I didn't mean to offend anyone's feelings while writing this post. Everything written is my personal opinion, if anyone is against - write, we will discuss. I ask in advance - do not use obscenities and insults. Yes, and more, if they meet spelling mistakes- just correct me - I'll fix it.

Let's start in order.
Moskal- in Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish nickname used in relation to Russians and residents of Moscow. Historically used in relation to residents of Moscow, Grand Duchy of Moscow, which is often referred to in chronicles and historical texts as Muscovy, as well as in relation to the vassals of Moscow. IN historical chronicles the following synonyms are also known: Muscovite, Muscovite, Muscovite. It should be noted that the original meaning of this word emphasized precisely belonging to Moscow.
That is, it is just a designation of a person's geopolitical affiliation, but not an insult in any way.
But over time the word Moskal began to acquire a negative connotation precisely in the territories of Poland, Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine, which were captured Russian Empire and permanently incorporated into it.
It was because of the wars and the seizure of territories that it began to be considered an insult. When compared with our time, the Muscovite is tantamount to a fascist. After all, initially fascism is nothing more than a political movement. I do not argue because of the ideology that has become the curse of its time. But this is not the main thing.
Ukrainian Moskal and Belarusian maskal from Polish Moscow- a native of Moscow (Muscovy), Russian (soldier). In written sources - from the 17th century. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, the inhabitants of Belarus and Ukraine so called the soldiers of the Russian army.
In the works of Taras Shevchenko, the expression " shaved in Moscow” means “taken away to serve in the army” (for 25 years).

Now let's move on to the word "katsap" (the more it is closer to me in terms of geographical location).
Katsap
1. Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Belarusian disparaging nickname for Russians.
2. Among Russians and Ukrainians - the nickname of a dialect group of Russians living near the border of Ukraine or with places of compact residence of Ukrainians. It is also often used as a colloquial designation for speakers of the southern dialect of the Russian language.
The accepted etymology goes back to the expression as dac (dac- Ukrainian goat, due to the fact that "to a shaved Ukrainian, a bearded Russian seemed like a goat" (M. Vasmer). However, it is unlikely that the word could be formed in such a way as in Russian (where there is no word dac), and in Ukrainian (where there is no word How). “God created a tsap (goat), and the devil is a katsap” (Ukrainian proverb).
Another version of the origin - from Arabic qasab — butcher, flayer, through Turkic languages first got into Russian and Ukrainian languages. To the Tatars who observed the laws of halal, the dietary customs of the Russians seemed to be animalism.
But on the other hand, in the Middle Ages, "enlightened" Europe generally considered Russians to be barbarians only because they soared in the bathhouse 2 times a month, well, or once, while they themselves tried not to wash at all. There are many examples of this anti-sanitary and I have seen them in more than one source. So personally, I don’t consider the word katsap an insult just because the Tatars didn’t like that my ancestors slaughtered animals for meat.
In modern Ukrainian Muscovite rather means a Russian, a citizen of Russia, while katsap- This ethnic Russian. Vladimir Dal, on the contrary, recorded the use of Russian soldiers as a nickname.
In contrast to the use of the word "moskal", the word "katsap" is currently quite common in the southern Russian regions, characterized by the cohabitation of Russians and Ukrainians (Kursk, Voronezh, Belgorod and other regions) as a concept used here both in the speech of Russians and and Ukrainians, to designate a certain "transitional" ethno-dialectical type from "Khokhl" to "Moskal".
A katsap is a person who speaks generally Russian but with a strongly pronounced southern dialect (for example, reinforced G ekanye, stunning g not on k, but on x: not piroK, but piroKh, not boots, but sapoKh, etc.) and using Ukrainian phraseological units in speech. In our city, one can hear gekanshe, shokanye ("sho"), the use of the word "theirs" instead of "theirs".
In a number of cases, the Katsaps mean the entire Russian population of the southern regions of Russia - approximately up to the northern border of the Chernozem zone. Accepted opposition katsapov Muscovites, where the latter are mainly understood as residents of Moscow, the regions of the Center of the European part of Russia, to the north of the distribution zone of the southern dialect.
So, according to sources, I'm more katsap, how Muscovite, but somehow I don’t care about the differences, the main thing is that I am a man, a Russian man.
Well, now let's move on to our neighbors ^ _ ^.

crest(female khokhlushka, khokhlyachka) - Russian nickname Ukrainians, often perceived as disparaging.
Apparently, it came from the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, who in the old days shaved their heads and left a forelock (sedentary). In the 19th century in Siberia, not only crests, but also Belarusians could be called Khokhls, and Russian settlers from the southern regions of the European part of Russia. Russian Old Believers Lipovans (Danube Delta) called Khokhls Orthodox Ukrainians and Russians.
So there was no offensive connotation here either.
The presence of several geographic and historical names having in the name "crest" contradicts the version about the originally offensive meaning of the word.
In Moscow, on the Boulevard Ring between Pokrovsky Boulevard and Pokrovsky Gate Square is located Khokhlovskaya Square, near Khokhlovsky lane, on which is located Church of the Life-Giving Trinity "in Khokhly". It is named after the inhabitants of Ukraine, who inhabited this area since the 17th century. There is also a Khokhlovka area in municipal area Nizhny Novgorod, with toponyms Khokhlovsky stream, Novokhokhlovskaya Upper and Lower Khokhlovsky streets.
As I see it now - "Pindos Square", or "Latinosovsky Lane". But there is no such thing and never will be. Now these words are initially offensive.

And the last IMHO , the most offensive nickname.
Jew(in Late Proto-Slavic *?id- Borrowed from Italian giudeo, where from Latin judaeus- "Jew") - the traditional Slavic designation of Jews and / or Jews, which also developed in some languages ​​a number figurative meanings. In modern Russian, it has acquired an abusive, offensive meaning.
In Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian, it served as a normative ethnonym for Jews, including those who lived in Khazar Khaganate and in Kievan Rus(V singular the form zhidovin was also used). Chronicles distinguished between Jews and Khazar Jews. Numerous toponyms remained from this time in Ukraine, such as, for example, Zhydovskie gates in Kyiv. The word at least retained its neutral meaning until the 15th century, which is recorded in the code of the Bible of St. Gennady Novgorodsky.
In the Ukrainian language, the word kike was a normative ethnonym for a Jew until the 18th-19th centuries. (on Western Ukraine- until the middle of the twentieth century), which acquired a negative meaning under the influence of the Russian language. There are translations of the Bible in which the book "Hebrews" is translated as "Before the Jews."
In the Belarusian language, the word zhyd (?yd) is still a normative ethnonym for a Jew along with the words gabrei (habrej) and yaўrey (ja?rej).
In the USSR in the 1920-1930s. within the framework of the campaign against anti-Semitism initiated by the Bolsheviks, the use of the word Jew and its derivatives were criminalized and punishable by imprisonment.

black children

Offensive nicknames, nickname

It's no secret that guys like to invent ideas for their classmates, and just acquaintances nicknames. And often these nicknames are offensive. From the outside it sounds ridiculous and wild. Happens, nickname so firmly attached to a person that they generally cease to be called by name.

Actually, there is nothing wrong with these words - teasers No. Other children who have grown up and after many, many years, becoming adults, joyfully respond to nicknames (teasers, name-caller), "Hi, Captain!", "Do you remember, Chizhik ...". Another thing, if nickname (nickname, drove,name-caller, teaser), which was awarded to your child by the neighborhood guys, is pejorative. Churkin, who became a Chump, or a teenager Sasha, who was a Bukashka, and then renamed Maggot.

They say children are cruel people. They sometimes come up with such click(nicknames, drove, teasers, name-calling)" that you never dreamed of. In fact, they simply think less about the consequences and give in to impulses more. called- made a noise, oh, fun! And often adults themselves create conditions for children's tactlessness.

"Boy, what's your name? - a meticulous neighbor tortures three-year-old Vadim. - Vova or Dima? The kid looks at his mother (she smiles reassuringly) and suddenly says: "My name is ... Hedgehog ... and Stupid." Everyone, of course, laughs. The kid blinks his eyes in bewilderment and laughs too. As long as he doesn't feel bad. He does not understand what the salt is, and is ready to agree to the "bloonhead". And then, perhaps, he will already get so used to the nickname ( nicknames, drove, pseudonym, teasers, incantations) that can neither notice nor rebel against its pejorative meaning.

offensive nicknames ( nickname, drove, pseudonym, name-calling, teasers, name-calling)-teasers not as harmless as it might seem at first glance. They are like a mask that is slipped on a child, and he is forced to either put it on and suffer in silence (in order to be accepted into the company, the child is ready for a lot), or fight for the honor of his real name.

But what is interesting: no name-calling sticks to one of the children (they teased ( called names) - and stopped), they stick tightly to others. Why?

A normal child treats his own name so reverently that he perceives any distortion (accidental, and even more so intentional) as an attack, as an attempt on his personality. I remember how our Lenya, while still a second-grader, came from school gloomy, threw his satchel into one corner, sat down in another himself, sighed and thought: “They call me names again.” "Leopold again?" I asked. "No, now some kind of Lenin." - "And you?" - "I fight and call them names." I giggled (in a generation, they don’t know about Lenin), but since the person really suffered, I realized that measures had to be taken.

What to do with a child who is teased (called names, given nicknames or nicknames)? What should the parents of a child who is being teased do?

You can prove to both the baby and yourself that this is nonsense. You can chase the name-callers with a whoop in the hope of catching and tearing them out. But this does not help much, they will not stop teasing, they will just do it on the sly.

There is only one thing we can truly help with: give advice. And the advice is very simple: "Don't react in any way." Don't do anything. Called offensive nickname (chaser, pseudonym, teaser, nickname) - do not respond, name-calling - do not react. Behave as if nothing had happened - they are not talking to you. You are Leonidas. It is interesting to tease someone who reacts: angry, offended, indignant. Protests. And don't get offended and don't get angry. Don't respond - it's not your name. Remember: all other people's names, nicknames, drove, name-calling, teasers,nursery rhymes, baby teasers, name-calling have nothing to do with you. Offenders will get tired when they understand: no nicknames and nicknames apply to you.

This simple advice that you will give to your child is actually a very powerful tool. But in order for a child to be able to use it, it is necessary to instill in a young person - literally from the cradle - self-esteem. And he himself never call, do not humiliate. Never. And don't let anyone else do it.

Kovalenko Andrey

In our class, I feel confident, because in our class it is not customary to call names. But at breaks I hear offensive nicknames. I decided to figure it out and write a project. Why are nicknames stuck?

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research project

Why is Ivan the fool?

Kirov, 2012

1. Introduction………………………………………………………p. 3
2. Literature review…………………………………………… p. 4 - 5
3. Research Methods……………………………………… p. 6 - 8
4. Research results……………………………………p. 9
5. Conclusions……………………………………………………… page 10
6. List of sources of information used……… page 11
7. Applications………………………………………………. page 12

Introduction.

Situation: I feel comfortable in our class becauseIt is not customary for us to call each other offensive nicknames. But at breaks from students of grades 5.6, I constantly hear insulting nicknames addressed to me. I met a similar situation in the tale of P.P. Ershov "Humpbacked Horse"

Problem: Why in Russian fairy tales is the main positive hero called Ivan the Fool?

Problem question:Why stick nicknames?

Objective of the project:

Find out why we stick nicknames

Project objectives:

1. Reread the fairy tale by P. P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse"
2. To figure out lexical meaning words "fool"
3. Find out the origin of the word "fool"
4. To analyze the actions and characters of the heroes of P. P. Ershov's fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse"
5. Conduct a survey in the form of a survey of respondents of adolescence
6. To put forward hypotheses of the reasons for the emergence of nicknames in adolescence
7. Conduct explanatory work to prevent the occurrence of nicknames among classmates.

Hypotheses:

1. Children give each other offensive nicknames because they don't know true value of these words.
2. Due to personal psychological problems

Research methods:

1. Analysis of a literary work
2. Questionnaire

Overview of information.

With his personal name, a person goes through his whole life. But there is another name that can appear in a person and accompany him for some time, and sometimes throughout his life. This is a nickname. Nicknames appeared more than a thousand years ago, then served as the basis for the formation of many Russian surnames. But they have not disappeared, they continue to exist to this day. The position of most people in relation to nicknames is quite calm: "Well, which of us was not teased in childhood? Is it worth paying attention to this problem?" In fact, nicknames and nicknames are quite a strong reason for conflict.

Nicknames and nicknames may not only not disappear, but also appear as a way of revenge on the offender - the name-caller. If this phenomenon is not given due attention, a conflict situation can develop into a serious confrontation with unpredictable consequences.

The very first nicknames arose more than a thousand years ago. Their source was Old Russian names, which were very similar to nicknames. Names were given, for example, by hair color: Black, White, Chernavka, Red; by growth: Small, Long; by character and behavior: Bulgak (restless), Zabava, Neulyba. The name determines the fate of a person. After all, it was not without reason that in Rus' a person had two names. personal name (in Old Russian- reklo, name, nickname, name, nickname, name) is a special word that serves to designate individual person to be able to refer to it, as well as talk about it with others. Our ancestors were afraid of evil spirits, an evil word, the evil eye. For the purpose of deception evil people and evil spirits, caring parents gave good children "bad names": smart boys were purposely called Fools and Freaks, honest and courageous - Scoundrels and Cowards, desired - Nechai. It seemed to them that a "bad" name, like an invisibility cap, would cover their child and save them from "corruption". Traces of such names have survived to this day in the foundations of modern Russian surnames: Nechaev, Durakov, Negodyaev, Gryaznov, Glupov.

A nickname is an informal name for a person. In the dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, the following definition is given: “A nickname is a name, given to man according to some of its characteristic traits, properties. Unlike the name, the nickname reflects not the desired, but the real properties and qualities of the bearer and thus fixes the special meaning that these properties and qualities had for others. Nicknames can be given to people different periods their lives, and in many cases are known to a limited circle of people.

Often the main character of Russian fairy tales, Ivan, is credited with an offensive nickname - the Fool. Consider the meaning of the word FOOL.

IN modern vocabulary FOOL m. a stupid person, a dullard, a stupid, dull, reckless person, but has this word always been understood in this way?

The ancient meaning of the word fool. This word-concept consists of two roots: "du" and "ra". The root "du" means two, the second. The root "ra" means sunlight. Thus, the word "Fool" means "the second sun."

But why is the Fool after all, because Ivanushka is smarter than his brothers. His nickname is just a name-talisman.

Research methods:

1. Fairy tale content

A peasant lives in a village. He has three sons: the eldest, Danilo - smart, average, Gavrilo - "this way and that", and the youngest, Ivan, is a fool at all. The brothers grow wheat, take it to the capital and sell it there. But a misfortune happens: someone starts trampling the crops at night. The brothers decide to take turns in the field. The older and middle brothers, frightened by bad weather and cold, leave their duty without finding out anything. The turn comes younger brother. At midnight he saw a white mare with a long golden mane. Ivan manages to jump on the mare's back, and she starts galloping. Unable to throw off Ivan, the mare asks to let her go, promising to give birth to him three horses: two - handsome, which Ivan, if he wants, can sell, and the third - a skate only three inches tall, on his back with two humps and with arshin ears , which cannot be given to anyone for any treasure, because it will be Ivan best friend, helper and protector. Ivan agrees and takes the mare to the shepherd's booth, where three days later the mare gives birth to the three promised horses.

After some time, Danilo, accidentally entering the booth, sees two beautiful golden-maned horses there. Danilo and Gavrilo, secretly from Ivan, take the horses to the capital to sell them. In the evening of the same day, Ivan, having come to the booth, discovers the loss and is very upset. The humpbacked horse explains to Ivan what happened and offers to catch up with the brothers. Ivan sits on a humpbacked horse, and they instantly overtake them. The brothers, justifying themselves, explain their deed by poverty. Ivan agrees to sell the horses, and together they go to the capital.

Arriving in the capital in the morning, the brothers put the horses up for sale in the horse row. The mayor sees the horses and immediately goes with a report to the king. The mayor praises the wonderful horses so much that the king immediately goes to the market and buys them from his brothers. The royal grooms lead the horses away, but the expensive horses knock them down and return to Ivan. Seeing this, the tsar offers Ivan a service in the palace - he appoints him head of the royal stables. Ivan agrees and goes to the palace. His brothers, having received the money and dividing it equally, go home, both get married and live quietly, remembering Ivan, and Ivan serves in the royal stable and fulfills all the orders of the Tsar and passes all the tests with dignity.

Analysis of characters and actions

• The author's attitude towards the characters:

The brothers are Danilo and Gavrilo, and the fool is Ivanushka.

• The attitude of heroes to the problem of sleep:

The brothers overslept the guard, and Ivan found a way to fight sleep.

• The attitude of the characters to the case:

The brothers lie, and Ivan completes the task.

• Ability to anticipate the actions of others

Ivan hides his horses and spins tales about the thief, knowing the greed of his brothers.

• Relationship to property:

Brothers steal horses, and Ivan reproaches them

• Attitude towards tasks:

Ivan creatively performs horse care tasks

• Attitude to human weaknesses:

Ivan forgives the brothers and theft, and their ridicule in his address.

Analysis results

In Yershov's fairy tale, Ivan has the best masculine qualities: he is honest, fair, hard-working, dexterous.

• Ivan is a fool smarter than his brothers. His nickname is just talisman name , protecting him from corruption of evil spirits and the envy of his brothers.
• The brothers understand that they are inferior to Ivan in many ways, but do not want to admit defeat. Themit's better to put anotherfool than realizing your shortcomings.

Conclusion:

We cannot call a person with such qualities a stupid and slow-witted, reckless person.

1. Questionnaire

I have compiled a questionnaire for 6th graders. The survey was conducted anonymously. (Appendix No. 1) questionnaire

Survey results

A survey of sixth graders showed that 39% of their total number have nicknames or nicknames associated with the surname or name, 15% have a nickname associated with appearance(features of the figure), 15% have a nickname associated with social position and only 6% do not have nicknames and nicknames. In addition, it turned out that not only boys, but also girls call names.

Research Conclusion

Behind nicknames and nicknames are very different reasons. One sticks an insulting label to his comrade, envying his success; the other asserts itself by humiliating weaker and defenseless peers, wanting to look more advantageous in the eyes of others; the third thus avenges his own humiliation. In any case, an adult should not remain indifferent if a humiliation or an insult to the personality of a child occurs before his eyes. It is even worse when a child gets used to this humiliation and perceives it as the norm.

1. Interviewing a school psychologist

A conversation with a school psychologist about the influence of nicknames on children.

IN modern psychology there is the concept of "sanogenic behavior", where "san" is the sun, and "gene" is the genetic nature of a person. People with this type of behavior are trusting, unsophisticated, kind. I believe that Ivan the Fool belongs to this type of people.

According to the psychologist, a nickname can be both pleasant for a person and unpleasant, therefore it can cause him psychological trauma.

The psychologist talked with the boys who came up with an offensive nickname. Turns out they were joking, just wanted to tease (play?). They do not understand what is offensive in their actions, because they also have nicknames, and they are not at all offended by them. Which? "Gene", "Crutch", "Penguin"... Do you like nicknames? Well, not so much, but what to do ... Everyone has nicknames, and nothing can be done about it. It seems that nicknames and nicknames have firmly entered the everyday life of children, and serious conflicts are possible from this.

But still the main thing is the reaction of the person himself to the nickname. It depends on the temperament of a person - a melancholic, for example, will cry, and a choleric will get into a fight. And it also depends on the relationship with the person who gave the nickname. Basically, nicknames appear at a transitional age, from 10 to 13 years old, when it is very important for a person to communicate with other guys. But sometimes nicknames are so attached to a person that the name fades into the background. The psychologist believes that a nickname is always bad, because a person has his own name, which his parents chose with love. I fully agree with him. Appendix #2 (interview questions)

The result of the research

The main reasons children call each other names:

1. Aggression (conscious desire to offend, annoy, anger a peer).

2. The desire to attract attention (of the one you tease, or others):

Game (teaser perceives name-calling as a funny game, attracting the attention of a peer, not intending to offend him);

Provocation (the teaser is aware that he is insulting his peer, but in this way seeks to provoke him into active actions, for example, to force him to chase, fight, accept a challenge);

Joke (wants not so much to offend a friend as to amuse others);

Self-affirmation (teaser deliberately insults a peer in order to humiliate him and stand out in the eyes of others, “put him in his place”, assert a leadership position).

3. Revenge (offended or humiliated child begins to tease the offender, especially if he cannot answer physically, sometimes he does the same out of envy).

4. Not from evil (the teaser does not understand that it is offensive to another, he is used to noting the features of others, to identify them character traits, for example, comparing with animals). Perhaps at home it is customary for him to reward each other with nicknames, and this does not offend anyone.

Conclusion

The names of people are part of the history of the people. Every person living on Earth has at least one name.

IVAN Fool - this nickname is just a name-talisman.

Like many others social phenomena, the system of nicknames is probably not only a form of solidarity, but also a source of other forms social activity such as teasing and humiliation. The same nickname can serve as a manifestation of sympathy and be a means of insult. Although the insult acts as a kind of recognition.

Nicknames can be given to people at different periods of their lives, and in many cases are known to a rather limited circle of people. Many people have several nicknames, and each of them seems to be associated with belonging to a particular group.

Exit to the next problem.

Often class teacher you have to deal with conflicts that arise because of nicknames and nicknames. The position of most people in relation to her is quite calm: "Well, which of us was not teased in childhood? Is it worth paying attention to this problem?" In fact, nicknames and nicknames are the cause of many conflicts.

How to help a child protect himself from offensive nicknames?

List of sources of information used:

1. Golanova E.I. How do words come about? - M., 1989.

2. Gorbanevsky M.V. In the world of names and titles. - M., 1983.

3. Kodukhov V.I. Synonym stories. - M., 1984.

4. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1984.

5. Rosenthal D.E. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. - M., 1976.

6. Suslova A.V., Superanskaya A.V. Modern Russian surnames. - M., 1984.

7. Shiryaeva N.S. Fairy tales: study technologies. - S.P., 2003.

Applications:

Application No. 1

Questionnaire "Nicknames in your life"

(Underline whatever applicable)

1. Enter your age. _______________________________________________

2. Your gender: female / male.

3. How do you feel about nicknames, (positively, negatively, indifferently). __________________________________________________________________

4. Do you consider nicknames a manifestation of aggression (yes - no). ________________

5 . Did or do you have a nickname? (Not really)._____________________________

6. State your nickname. __________________________________________

7. How do you react to it (I'm offended, I don't pay attention, I answer the same).

__________________________________________________________________

8. Name the nicknames that you call the guys you know._______________

9. What are nicknames connected with (with a surname, with a name, with features of a figure,

With features of appearance, with character, with behavior) ___________________

10. What do you think should be done to avoid being teased and left behind?

Application №2

Interview questions for a school psychologist

What personal problems are realized by the person who calls the other person?

How do nicknames affect children?