What is the name of the genre of the work. Literary genres of works and their definitions

One of the founders of Russian literary criticism was V. G. Belinsky. And although even in antiquity serious steps were taken in the development of the concept of literary gender (Aristotle), it was Belinsky who owns the scientifically based theory of three literary genera, which you can get acquainted with in detail by reading Belinsky's article "Division of poetry into genera and types".

There are three types of fiction: epic(from the Greek. Epos, narration), lyrical(called the lyre musical instrument, accompanied by sung verses) and dramatic(from Greek Drama, action).

Presenting a particular subject to the reader (meaning the subject of conversation), the author chooses different approaches to it:

First approach: can be detailed tell about the subject, about the events associated with it, about the circumstances of the existence of this subject, etc.; at the same time, the position of the author will be more or less detached, the author will act as a kind of chronicler, narrator, or choose one of the characters as the narrator; the main thing in such a work will be precisely the story, the narration about the subject, the leading type of speech will be exactly narration; this kind of literature is called epic;

The second approach: you can tell not so much about events, but about impression, which they produced on the author, about those feelings that they called; image inner world, experiences, impressions and will refer to the lyrical genre of literature; exactly experience becomes the main event of the lyrics;

Third approach: you can depict item in action, show him on stage; introduce to the reader and viewer of it, surrounded by other phenomena; this kind of literature is dramatic; in the drama itself, the voice of the author will be the least likely to sound - in remarks, that is, the author's explanations for the action and replicas of the characters.

Look at the table and try to remember its contents:

Genres of fiction

Each type of literature in turn includes a number of genres.

GENRE is a historically formed group of works united common features content and form. These groups include novels, stories, poems, elegies, short stories, feuilletons, comedies, etc. In literary criticism, the concept of a literary type is often introduced; this is a broader concept than a genre. In this case, the novel will be considered a type of fiction, and genres - various varieties of the novel, for example, adventure, detective, psychological, parable novel, dystopian novel, etc.

Examples genus-species relations in literature:

• Genus: dramatic; view: comedy; genre: sitcom.
• Genus: epic; view: story; genre: fantasy story etc.

Genres being categories historical, appear, develop and eventually "leave" from the "active reserve" of artists, depending on historical era: ancient lyricists did not know the sonnet; in our time, an archaic genre has become born in antiquity and popular in XVII-XVIII centuries Oh yeah; romanticism XIX century brought to life detective literature etc.

Consider the following table, which lists the types and genres related to the different kinds of word art:

Genera, types and genres of fiction

Modern literary criticism also highlights fourth, an adjacent genre of literature, combining the features of the epic and lyrical genera: lyrical-epic to which it refers poem. Indeed, by telling the reader a story, the poem manifests itself as an epic; revealing to the reader the depth of feelings, the inner world of the person who tells this story, the poem manifests itself as a lyric.

In the table you came across the expression "small genres". epic and lyrical works are divided into large and small genres to a greater extent in terms of volume. The epic, the novel, the poem belong to the large ones, the story, the story, the fable, the song, the sonnet, etc., to the small ones.

Read V. Belinsky's statement about the genre of the story:

If the story, according to Belinsky, is "a leaf from the book of life", then, using his metaphor, one can figuratively define the novel from the genre point of view as "a chapter from the book of life", and the story as "a line from the book of life".

Small epic genres to which the story relates is "intense" according to the content of prose: due to the small volume, the writer does not have the opportunity to "spread his thoughts along the tree", get carried away with detailed descriptions, enumerations, reproduce a large number of events in detail, and the reader often needs to say a lot.

The story is characterized by the following features:

• small volume;
• the plot is most often based on one event, the rest are only plotted by the author;
• a small number of characters: usually one or two central characters;
• the author is interested in a certain topic;
• one decides main question, the remaining questions are "derived" from the main one.

So,
STORY- it's small prose work with one or two main characters, dedicated to the image of a single event. Somewhat more voluminous story, but the difference between a story and a story is not always possible to catch: the work of A. Chekhov "Duel" is called by some a small story, and some - a big story. The following is important: as the critic E. Anichkov wrote at the beginning of the twentieth century, " personality is at the center of the story rather than a group of people."

Rise of the Russian short prose begins in the 20s of the XIX century, which gave excellent examples of small epic prose, among which are Pushkin's unconditional masterpieces ("Belkin's Tales", " Queen of Spades") and Gogol ("Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", St. Petersburg stories), romantic novels A. Pogorelsky, A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, V. Odoevsky and others. In the second half of the 19th century, small epic works by F. Dostoevsky were created ("Dream funny man"," Notes from the Underground"), N. Leskova ("Lefty", "Dumb Artist", "Lady Macbeth Mtsensk district"), I. Turgenev ("Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky district", "Steppe King Lear", "Ghosts", "Notes of a hunter"), L. Tolstoy (" Prisoner of the Caucasus"," Hadji Murat "," Cossacks ", Sevastopol stories), A. Chekhov as the greatest master short story, works by V. Garshin, D. Grigorovich, G. Uspensky and many others.

The twentieth century also did not remain in debt - and the stories of I. Bunin, A. Kuprin, M. Zoshchenko, Teffi, A. Averchenko, M. Bulgakov appear ... Even such recognized lyrics as A. Blok, N. Gumilyov, M. Tsvetaeva "descended to despicable prose," in the words of Pushkin. It can be argued that on turn of XIX-XX centuries, the small genre of epic took leading position in Russian literature.

And for this reason alone, one should not think that the story raises some minor problems and touches on shallow topics. Form story concise, and the plot is sometimes uncomplicated and concerns, at first glance, simple, as L. Tolstoy said, "natural" relations: there is simply nowhere for a complex chain of events in the story to unfold. But this is precisely the task of the writer, in order to conclude a serious and often inexhaustible subject of conversation in a small space of text.

If the plot of the thumbnail I. Bunina "Muravsky Way", consisting of only 64 words, captures only a few moments of the conversation between the traveler and the coachman in the middle of the endless steppe, then the plot of the story A. Chekhov "Ionych" Enough for a whole novel artistic time The story spans nearly a decade and a half. But the author does not care what happened to the hero at each stage of this time: it is enough for him to “snatch” several “links”-episodes from the hero’s life chain, similar friend on a friend, like drops of water, and the whole life of Dr. Startsev becomes extremely clear to both the author and the reader. “As you live one day of your life, so you will live your whole life,” Chekhov seems to say. At the same time, the writer, reproducing the situation in the house of the most "cultural" family provincial town S., can focus all his attention on the sound of knives from the kitchen and the smell of fried onions ( artistic details!), but to say about several years of a person’s life as if they didn’t exist at all, or it was a “passing”, uninteresting time: “Four years have passed”, “Several more years have passed”, as if it’s not worth wasting time and paper on the image of such a trifle ...

Image Everyday life a person devoid of external storms and upheavals, but in a routine that makes a person wait forever for happiness that never comes, became a cross-cutting theme of A. Chekhov's stories, which determined further development Russian short prose.

Historical upheavals, of course, dictate other themes and plots to the artist. M. Sholokhov in the cycle of Don stories speaks of terrible and beautiful human destinies in a time of revolutionary upheaval. But the point here is not so much in the revolution itself, but in eternal problem man's struggle with himself, in the eternal tragedy of the collapse of the old familiar world, which mankind has experienced many times. And therefore Sholokhov turns to plots that have long been rooted in world literature, depicting private human life as if in the context of the global legendary history. Yes, in the story "Mole" Sholokhov uses an ancient story, like the world, about the duel between father and son, who are not recognized by each other, which we meet in Russian epics, in epics ancient persia and medieval Germany ... But if ancient epic explains the tragedy of a father who killed his son in battle by the laws of fate beyond the control of man, then Sholokhov speaks of the problem of a person’s choice of his life path, a choice that determines all future events and in the end makes one a beast in human form, and the other an equal the greatest heroes of the past.

• A. Pushkin. The stories "Dubrovsky", "Snowstorm"
• N. Gogol. The stories "The Night Before Christmas", "Taras Bulba", "The Overcoat", "Nevsky Prospekt".
• I.S. Turgenev. Tale " Noble Nest"; "Notes of a hunter" (2-3 stories of your choice); story "Asya"
• N.S. Leskov. Stories "Lefty", "Dumb Artist"
• L.N. Tolstoy. The stories "After the Ball", "The Death of Ivan Ilyich"
• M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales " wise gudgeon", "Bogatyr", "Bear in the province"
• A.P. Chekhov. The stories "The Jumper", "Ionych", "Gooseberries", "About Love", "The Lady with the Dog", "Ward Number Six", "In the Ravine"; other stories of your choice
• I.A. Bunin. Stories and novels "The Gentleman from San Francisco", "Dry Valley", " easy breathing", "Antonov apples", "Dark alleys" A.I. Kuprin. The story "Olesya", the story "Garnet Bracelet"
• M. Gorky. The stories "Old Woman Izergil", "Makar Chudra", "Chelkash"; collection "Untimely Thoughts"
• A.N. Tolstoy. The story "Viper"
• M. Sholokhov. The stories "The Mole", "Alien Blood", "The Fate of Man";
• M. Zoshchenko. Stories "Aristocrat", "Monkey tongue", "Love" and others of your choice
• A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matryona yard"
• V. Shukshin. The stories "I believe!", "Boots", "Space, nervous system and shmat lard", "Mil pardon, madam!", "Stalled"

Before doing task 6, consult a dictionary and set exact value concepts with which you have to work.

• Grechnev V.Ya. Russian end story XIX-beginning XX century. - L., 1979.
• Zhuk A.A. Russian prose II half of XIX century. - M.: Enlightenment, 1981.
• Literary encyclopedic Dictionary. - M., 1987.
• Literary criticism: Reference materials. - M., 1988.
• Russian story XIX century: History and problems of the genre. - L., 1973.

literary genre This is the model by which the text of any literary work is built. Genre is a set of certain features that allow us to attribute literary work to the kind of epic, lyric or drama.

Main types literary genres

Literary genres divided into: epic, lyrical and dramatic. Epic genres: fairy tale, epic, epic, epic novel, story, novel, essay, short story, anecdote. Lyrical genres: ode, ballad, elegy, epigram, message, madrigal. Dramatic genres: tragedy, drama, comedy, melodrama, farce and vaudeville.

Genres in literature have a number of specific features, divided into: genre-forming and additional. Genre-forming features serve to determine the specifics of a particular genre. For example, the genre-forming feature of a fairy tale is an orientation towards fiction. The listener perceives the events that take place in a fairy tale as magical, fictional, not directly related to reality. The genre-forming feature of the novel is its connection with objective reality, the coverage of events that took place in reality or those that could happen, a large number acting characters, giving special attention inner world heroes.

Development of literary genres

Literary genres do not tend to stand still. They are constantly evolving and never stop changing. When forming or changing literary genres, attention is paid to real historical reality, in the aura of which the creation of literary works takes place.

What is a literary genre?

We figured out what a genre in literature is, but it would not be superfluous to consider why a literary genre is needed - what function does it perform?

The genre is able to give the reader a fairly holistic view of the work. That is, if the word “novel” is present in the title of the work, then the reader immediately begins to tune in to a significant amount of text, in contrast, for example, to a small “story”, which causes a corresponding association with the approximate number of pages in the book.

Also, the genre can give the reader an idea about the content of the work. For example, if it is defined as “drama”, then we can imagine in advance that the person in the work will be shown in dramatic relations with society and, most likely, we will observe tragic events at the end of the book.

Together with the article "What is a genre in literature?" read:

Art style used in fiction. It affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, possibilities different styles, characterized by figurativeness, emotionality of speech.

The emotionality of the artistic style differs from the emotionality of colloquial and publicistic styles. Emotionality artistic speech performs aesthetic function. Artistic style requires pre-selection language tools; all language means are used to create images.

Genre as a concept appeared a very long time ago, back in ancient world. At the same time, a typology of genres appeared. Today, text typologies are more rigorous and have clear boundaries. Moreover, they are applied in all spheres of life - in state activities, in professional fields, theater, medicine and even everyday life.

Genres in fiction are a special complex issue. As you know, all literary works, depending on the nature of the depicted, belong to one of the three genera: epic, lyric or drama. Literary gender- this is a generalized name for a group of works, depending on the nature of the reflection of reality.

EPOS(from the Greek "narrative") is a generalized name for works depicting events external to the author.

LYRICS(from the Greek. "performed to the lyre") - this is a generalized name for works in which there is no plot, but the feelings, thoughts, experiences of the author or his lyrical hero.

DRAMA(from the Greek. "action") - a generalized name of works intended for staging on stage; the drama is dominated by the dialogue of the characters, the author's beginning is minimized.

Varieties of epic, lyrical and dramatic works are called types of literary works .

Type and genre - concepts in literary criticism very close .

Genres called variations of the type of literary work. For example, a genre version of a story can be fantastic or historical tale, and the genre variety of comedy is vaudeville, etc. Strictly speaking, a literary genre is a historically established type of work of art containing certain structural features and aesthetic quality characteristic of this group of works.

TYPES (GENRES) OF EPIC WORKS:

epic, novel, story, short story, fairy tale, fable, legend.

EPIC- large piece of art, telling about significant historical events. In ancient times - a narrative poem of heroic content. In the literature of the 19th and 20th centuries, the epic novel genre appears - this is a work in which the formation of the characters of the main characters occurs in the course of their participation in historical events.

NOVEL- a large narrative work of art with complex plot, in the center of which is the fate of the individual.

STORY- a work of art that occupies a middle position between a novel and a short story in terms of volume and complexity of the plot. In ancient times, any narrative work was called a story.

STORY- a work of art of a small size, based on an episode, an incident from the life of a hero.

FAIRY TALE- a work about fictional events and heroes, usually with the participation of magical, fantastic forces.

FABLE(from "bayat" - to tell) - this is a narrative work in poetic form, small in size, moralizing or satirical in nature.

TYPES (GENRES) OF LYRICAL WORKS:

ode, hymn, song, elegy, sonnet, epigram, message.

OH YEAH(from Greek “song”) - choral, solemn song.

HYMN(from Greek “praise”) - a solemn song to verses of a programmatic nature.

EPIGRAM(from the Greek. "Inscription") - a short satirical poem of a mocking nature, which arose in the 3rd century BC. e.

ELEGY- a genre of lyrics dedicated to sad thoughts or lyric poem filled with sadness. Belinsky called an elegy "a song sad content". The word "elegy" is translated as "reed flute" or "mournful song". The elegy originated in Ancient Greece in the 7th century BC e.

MESSAGE- a poetic letter, an appeal to a specific person, a request, a wish, a confession.

SONNET(from the Provencal sonette - "song") - a poem of 14 lines, which has a certain rhyming system and strict stylistic laws. The sonnet originated in Italy in the 13th century (the creator is the poet Jacopo da Lentini), appeared in England in the first half of the 16th century (G. Sarri), and in Russia in the 18th century. The main types of the sonnet are Italian (from 2 quatrains and 2 tercetes) and English (from 3 quatrains and the final couplet).

LYROEPIC TYPES (GENRES):

poem, ballad

POEM(from the Greek poieio - “I do, create”) - a large poetic work with a narrative or lyrical plot, usually on a historical or legendary topic.

BALLAD- a story song of dramatic content, a story in verse.

TYPES (GENRES) OF DRAMA WORKS:

tragedy, comedy, drama (in the narrow sense).

TRAGEDY(from Greek tragos ode - “goat song”) - dramatic work, depicting a tense struggle strong characters and passions, which usually ends with the death of the hero.

COMEDY(from the Greek komos ode - “merry song”) - a dramatic work with a cheerful, funny plot, usually ridiculing social or domestic vices.

DRAMA(“action”) is a literary work in the form of a dialogue with a serious plot, depicting a person in his dramatic relationship with society. Drama may be tragicomedy or melodrama.

VAUDEVILLE- a genre variety of comedy, it is a light comedy with singing couplets and dancing.

FARCE- genre of comedy theatrical play light, playful character with external comic effects, designed for rough taste.

Literary genres are groups of works collected according to formal and substantive features. Literary works are divided into separate categories according to the form of the narration, according to the content and according to the type of belonging to a particular style. Literary genres make it possible to systematize everything that has been written since the time of Aristotle and his "Poetics", first on "birch bark", dressed skins, stone walls, then on parchment paper and scrolls.

Literary genres and their definitions

Definition of genres by form:

A novel is an extensive narrative in prose, reflecting the events of a certain period of time, with detailed description the lives of the main characters and all other characters who, to one degree or another, participate in the indicated events.

A story is a form of narration that does not have a definite volume. The work usually describes episodes from real life, and the characters are presented to the reader as an integral part of the events taking place.

A short story (short story) is a widespread genre of short fiction, which is defined as "short stories". Since the short story format is limited in scope, the writer usually manages to unfold the narrative within a single event involving two or three characters. The exception to this rule was the great Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, who could describe events on several pages. whole era with many characters.

The essay is a literary quintessence that combines art style storytelling and journalism. Always presented in a concise manner with a high content of specifics. The subject of the essay, as a rule, is connected with social and social problems and is of an abstract nature, i.e. does not affect specific individuals.

A play is a special literary genre designed for a wide audience. Plays are written for the theatrical stage, television and radio performances. In their structural pattern, plays are more like a story, since the duration theatrical performances fits perfectly with the story of the average volume. The genre of the play differs from other literary genres in that the narration is conducted on behalf of each character. Dialogues and monologues are marked in the text.

Ode is a lyrical literary genre, in all cases of positive or laudatory content. Dedicated to something or someone, it is often a verbal monument to heroic events or the exploits of patriotic citizens.

Epic - a narrative of an extensive nature, which includes several stages state development having historical meaning. The main features of this literary genre are global events of an epic nature. The epic can be written both in prose and in verse, an example of this is Homer's poems "Odyssey" and "Iliad".

Essay - short essay in prose, in which the author expresses his own thoughts and views in an absolutely free form. An essay is to some extent an abstract work that does not claim to be completely authentic. In some cases, essays are written with a share of philosophy, sometimes the work has a scientific connotation. But in any case, this literary genre deserves attention.

Detectives and fantasy

Detectives are a literary genre based on the eternal confrontation between policemen and criminals, novels and stories of this genre are action-packed in nature, in almost every detective work there are murders, after which experienced detectives begin an investigation.

Fantasy is a special literary genre with fictional characters, events and an unpredictable ending. In most cases, the action takes place either in space or in the underwater depths. But at the same time, the heroes of the work are equipped with ultra-modern machines and devices of fantastic power and efficiency.

Is it possible to combine genres in literature

All listed species literary genres have unique features of difference. However, often there is a mixture of several genres in one work. If this is done professionally, interesting enough is born, unusual creation. So the genres literary creativity contain significant potential for updating the literature. But these opportunities should be used carefully and thoughtfully, since literature does not tolerate profanity.

Genres of literary works by content

Each literary work is classified according to its belonging to a certain type: drama, tragedy, comedy.

What are comedies

comedies happen different types and styles:

1. Farce - light comedy, built on elementary comic tricks. It occurs both in the literature and theater stage. Farce as a special comedy style is used in circus clowning.
2. Vaudeville is a comedy play with many dance numbers and songs. In the USA, vaudeville became the prototype of the musical; in Russia, small comic operas were called vaudeville.
3. An interlude is a small comic scene that was played between the actions of the main performance, performance or opera.
4. Parody is a comedy technique based on the repetition of recognizable signs of famous literary characters, texts or music in a deliberately modified form.

Modern genres in literature

Types of literary genres:

1. Epic - fable, myth, ballad, epic, fairy tale.
2. Lyrical - stanzas, elegy, epigram, message, poem.

Modern literary genres are periodically updated, for recent decades several new trends in literature have appeared, such as political detective story, the psychology of war, as well as paperback literature, which includes all literary genres.

Historically, three types of literature have developed in literature: epic, dramatic and lyrical. These are groups of genres that have similar structural features. If the epic in the story fixes the external reality (events, facts, etc.), then the drama does the same in the format of a conversation, not on behalf of the author, but the lyrics describe inner reality person. Of course, the division is conditional and to a certain extent artificial, but, nevertheless, our acquaintance with the book begins with the fact that we see the genre, genus or combination of them on the cover and draw the first conclusions. For example, a person only likes to watch plays in the theater, which means that he does not need a volume of Molière and he will pass him by without wasting time. Knowledge of the basic foundations of literary criticism also helps during reading, when you want to understand the author, to penetrate into his creative laboratory, to unravel why, and not otherwise, his plan was embodied.

Each genre was given an example and theoretical justification, the most concise and simple.

The novel is big shape epic genre, a work with extended issues and many themes. Usually, classic novel depicts people involved in various life processes, which generate external and internal conflicts. Events in the novel are not always described sequentially, for example, Lermontov in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" deliberately violates the sequence.

Thematically, novels are divided into autobiographical (Chudakov "Darkness Falls on the Old Steps"), philosophical (Dostoevsky's "Demons"), adventure (Defoe "Robinson Crusoe"), fantastic (Glukhovsky "Metro 2033"), satirical (Rotterdam's "Praise of Stupidity"), historical (Pikul "I have the honor"), adventurous (Merezhko "Sonka the Golden Hand"), etc.

Structurally, novels are divided into a novel in verse (Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"), a pamphlet novel (Swift's "Gulliver's Travels"), a parable novel (Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea"), a feuilleton novel ("Countess of Salisbury" Dumas), epistolary novel(Russo "Julia or new Eloise") and others.

The epic novel is a novel with a panoramic image of the life of the people at a turning point historical moments(Tolstoy "War and Peace").

The story is average (between short story and novel) in size epic work, which tells the story of a particular event in a natural sequence (Kuprin "The Pit"). How is a story different from a novel? At least by the fact that the material of the story is chronicled, and not for the sake of the action-packed composition of the novel. In addition, the story does not set the task of a global historical character. In the story, the author is more constrained, all his fabrications are subordinated to the main action, and in the novel the writer is fond of memories, digressions and analysis of the characters.

The story is small epic prose form. The work has a limited number of characters, one problem and one event (Turgenev "Mumu"). How is a novella different from a short story? The boundaries between these two genres are very arbitrary, but in the short story the finale most often develops unpredictably (O'Henry's "The Gift of the Magi").

The essay is small epic prose form (many refer to it as a kind of story). The essay usually touches on social issues and tends to be descriptive.

The parable is moral teaching in allegorical form. How is a parable different from a fable? The parable draws its material mainly from life, and the fable relies on fictitious, sometimes fantastic stories(gospel parables).

Lyric genres are...

The lyric poem is a small genre form of lyrics written on behalf of the author (Pushkin "I loved you") or on behalf of the lyrical hero (Tvardovsky "I was killed near Rzhev").

elegy is a small lyrical form, a poem that is imbued with a mood of sadness and melancholy. Sad thoughts, grief, sad reflections make up the repertoire of elegies (Pushkin's elegy "On the rocks, on the hills").

The message is poetic letter. According to the content of the message, it can be divided into friendly, satirical, lyrical, etc. They can be dedicated both to one person and to a group of people (Voltaire's "Message to Friedrich").

The epigram is a poem that makes fun specific person(from friendly mockery to sarcasm) (Gaft "Epigram on Oleg Dal"). Features: wit and brevity.

Oda is a poem distinguished by solemnity of tone and loftiness of content (Lomonosov "Ode on the day of the accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna 1747").

The sonnet is a poem of 14 verses ("Twenty sonnets to Sasha Zapoeva" by Timur Kibirov). The sonnet is one of strict forms. A sonnet usually consists of 14 lines, forming 2 quatrains-quatrains (for 2 rhymes) and 2 three-line tercetes (for 2 or 3 rhymes).

The poem is the average lyric-epic form, in which there is a detailed plot, and several experiences are embodied, that is, attention to the inner world of the lyrical hero (Lermontov's "Mtsyri").

The ballad is middle lyric-epic form, story in verse. Often a ballad has a tense storyline(Zhukovsky "Lyudmila").

Dramatic genres are...

Comedy is a type of drama in which the content is presented in a comical way, and the characters and circumstances are comical. What are comedies? Lyric (" The Cherry Orchard"Chekhov), high ("Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov"), satirical ("Inspector General" by Gogol).

Tragedy is a type of drama based on an acute life conflict, which entails the suffering and death of heroes (Shakespeare's "Hamlet").

Drama is a play with a sharp conflict, which is common, not so lofty and resolvable (for example, Gorky's "At the bottom"). How is it different from tragedy or comedy? Firstly, the material used is modern, not from antiquity, and secondly, the drama appears new hero rebelling against circumstances.

Tragifars - a dramatic work that combines tragic and comic elements(Ionesco, "Bald Singer"). This is a postmodern genre that has appeared relatively recently.