Class hour"Cosmonautics Day"
Goals:
To introduce students to the history of space exploration and the first astronauts.
To instill an interest in the study of space and the history of astronautics.
Cultivate a sense of patriotism and citizenship.
The course of the classroom.
Teacher. Years, decades, centuries will pass, people will forget the dates of wars and revolutions, but this day will always be remembered, and I think that this day on April 12 in the near future will become a red holiday date for all the coming centuries. After all, it was from that day - April 12, 1961 - that man began space exploration.
You all know that on April 12 our whole country celebrates a holiday - Cosmonautics Day. Today, of course, we will talk very briefly about how people began to master space and why exactly on April 12 we celebrate Cosmonautics Day. Since ancient times mysterious world planets and stars attracted the attention of people, attracted them with its mystery and beauty. Man settled the gods in the sky. But the man wanted to go up there himself. And then there were legends about people who can fly, appeared fantasy novels, designed aircrafts and those left on earth. In ancient legends, there are memories of how people made wings for themselves, tied them to their hands and jumped from high buildings, hoping to stay in the air. From Greece came to us a legend about a young man named Icarus. Thanks to the wings that his father made for him, Icarus was able to fly away from captivity and rise to the very Sun.
And then came the twentieth century. Airplanes were already flying in the sky, and the first rockets were launched into space. People believed that the day when a man will fly into space is not far off.
– But who stood at the origins of space flights?
The theoretical foundations were developed by Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), a Russian theoretical scientist and researcher, the founder of modern astronautics, a teacher, and a writer. From childhood he was fond of astronomy, physics, mechanics, he showed a penchant for invention. At the age of nine, Kostya, sledding in the winter, caught a cold and fell ill. As a result of complications from his illness, he lost his hearing and was unable to attend school. He had to learn on his own. He successfully passed the exams and received the title of teacher of county schools. All his life K.E. Tsiolkovsky dedicated theoretical foundations space flights.
The outstanding scientist Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907–1966) was appointed chief designer. While still at school, he built gliders in the Society of Friends of the Air Fleet. Later, while studying at the Moscow Higher Technical School, he got acquainted with the works of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and decided to start designing rockets.S.P. Korolev is the founder of practical astronautics.
On October 4, 1957, humanity entered the era of space exploration. Russian word"satellite" immediately entered the languages of all peoples of the world.
– Why are satellites needed?
Satellites help to watch TV shows, conduct telephone conversations, send and receive telegrams, and connect people with each other. People have created satellites in order to study the earth, the sun, planets, stars, to unravel the mysteries of nature.
The first reconnaissance astronauts were dogs, rabbits, insects and even microbes. The first mouse astronaut stayed above the earth for almost a whole day. White hairs appeared in her black fur. They turned gray from cosmic rays, but the mouse returned alive. Then came the turn of dogs, more intelligent animals than mice and rabbits. But not every dog is suitable for flying. We need to find one that is a little larger than a cat, that weighs 4-6 kg, that she is no more than two or three years old and that she has light hair - it is better seen in the camera. Pedigree dogs were not suitable: they are too pampered and capricious. Affectionate, calm and hardy mongrels were best suited for space experiments. Dogs were taught not to be afraid of shaking, noise, to endure heat and cold, to eat and much more. Smart and brave Laika passed the “final exams” better than others. At the end of 1957, the second Soviet satellite was launched with the dog Laika on board.
Among the many achievements in the field of space, our country also owns the first lunar landing. Shortly after the launch of the first earth satellite, S.P. Korolev thought about conquering the moon. And this dream came true in 1959, the Luna-2 station for the first time in the world reached the surface of the Moon, delivering a pennant with the country's coat of arms. Subsequent stations photographed the surface of the Moon invisible from the Earth, made panoramic shots brought soil samples back to Earth.
On August 19, 1960, the dogs Belka and Strelka flew into space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Dogs were supplied with air and food by special devices, and scientists on Earth observed their condition. For the first time in the world, living beings, having been in space, returned to Earth! And it happened in our country! So scientists were convinced that living beings can live in zero gravity. Now the path to space was open to man!
Yuri Gagarin was born in the city of Gzhatsk, Smolensk region (now this city is called Gagarin). Yuri graduated from a trade school, worked at a factory in a foundry. Since childhood, the boy dreamed of flying, so he entered the military aviation school and finished it brilliantly. He flew on supersonic aircraft, protecting the northern borders of our Motherland. The future cosmonaut was bold, decisive, and resourceful. He rarely got angry, did not like quarrels, but on the contrary, he reconciled everyone with a joke and laughter. In 1960, Yuri Gagarin began preparing for space flight at the Cosmonaut Training Center. He worked hard, selflessly, with full dedication of strength. Everyone in the cosmonaut corps was friends, helped each other, but everyone dreamed of being the first to fly into space.
Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin paved the way to space. Following him, German Stepanovich Titov, Andriyan Nikolaevich Nikolaev, Pavel Romanovich Popovich, Valery Fedorovich Bykovsky went into space.
But very little time passes, and a woman storms space. The world's first female cosmonaut and the first female aviation general in our country, Valentina Tereshkova, made her flight on June 16, 1963 on spaceship"Vostok-6". Her space callsign "Seagull" circled the planet 48 times. Even while working and studying at the technical school, the future first female cosmonaut became interested in the sky - while studying at the local flying club, she made 163 parachute jumps. However, the girl wanted to fly - and she achieved admission to the first female cosmonaut squad, where, in particular, she was taught to fly an airplane. Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and remained in it until April 28, 1997.
Load at women's group there were more people out of five than men, "Tereshkova recalled, specifying that in general the training system in those years was excessively rigid. Tereshkova's flight on the Vostok-6 spacecraft in near-Earth orbit together with the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by Valery Bykovsky, lasted two days 22 hours 50 minutes.
Together with Yu.A. Gagarin was his friend Alexander Arkhipovich Leonov, a pilot-engineer-cosmonaut. In 1965, on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft, he made a space flight. Thanks to a special suit with an autonomous life support system, Leonov went into outer space, retired from the ship at a distance of five meters, successfully carried out a set of planned studies and observations, and safely returned to the ship. He spent 12 minutes in outer space. Leonov was the first person on Earth who found himself in an open
space.
With the advent of the new millennium, it became possible to go beyond the atmosphere without being included in any detachment of cosmonauts or astronauts, but own will- a tourist. The first such space traveler was the American millionaire Dennis Tito, who in April 2001 went to the International Space Station (ISS) on Russian ship Soyuz TM-31. It was then that the expression "cosmic space" appeared in the world media.
tourism". True, Tito himself (and his followers) calls himself not a tourist, but a participant in a space flight. 
Orbital flight is the best opportunity today space travel. However, the high cost of the "tour" - it has risen from $20 million to $35 million in eight years - limits the number of people ready for such an adventure. However, you can look at the Earth from the outside much cheaper if you agree to a suborbital flight.
Years have passed, now is a different time.
A young tribe lives at the stations,
"Progress" supplies the stations with food,
Tourists go to space for a dream.
And in a host of unsolved mysteries
The plan is already in place.
Rotation! With a reliable hand
The planets are guarded by peace
And so that in the morning the world wakes up.
But he was the FIRST to return!
And here's what Gagarin said: “And tomorrow? ... Settlements on the Moon, travel to Mars. Scientific stations on asteroids, communication with other civilizations. All this is the future. Let not so close, but real. And we will not be upset that it is not you and I who will become participants in distant interplanetary expeditions. Let's not envy the people of the future. Of course, they will be very lucky, they will become accustomed to what we can only dream of. But we were also very lucky. Happiness of the first steps into space”.
Many years have passed since the start of Yuri Gagarin. During this time, much has changed in cosmonautics: the technology, the training of crews, and the program of work in orbit. Today, work in space is Scientific research and daily work for progress throughout the world. That is why international crews fly into space. But the feat of the first man will never be forgotten.
Leading:
And now let's check if you are ready for a space flight (split into two teams, and choose a name for your ship).
Leading:
Now let's do an interview. What do you think astronauts should be like?(Brave, hardy, resourceful, inquisitive, hardworking, quick-witted.
Relay game: "What will we take with us on a flight?"
(2 sets of drawings: a book, a notebook, a fountain pen, a space suit, a cat, an apple, a tube of food, a photograph of a child, an alarm clock, a sausage).
Competition: "The door to space is open to everyone. Come on, check yourself!"
What is the date when Cosmonautics Day is celebrated.
Name the women astronauts.
Name the first cosmonaut.
What is the name of the city where astronauts live and work.
Where is the take-off area from which spaceships launch?
Who was the first cosmonaut to go to outer space?
Blitz tournament.
1. Any space route is open to those who love (work).
2. Only the strongest starship can take with them (flight).
3. We live very friendly. Dull into space (do not take).
4. The firebird flies, proud of its tail (comet).
5. Sleeps during the day, looks at night. (Moon)
6. Planet solar system
My start makes up.
No for fantasy best theme,
She attracts them with a secret.
And the second syllable is under New Year
Lovingly people decorate
In general, he will guess
Who knows the city of France. (Marseilles)
7. Name the planets of the solar system.
Leading: The first space day is behind us, it's time for our cosmonauts to rest, and it should be cultural to name the words composed in advance from the letters of the word "cosmonautics".
Leading: Of the 40,000 professions that exist on Earth, the profession of an astronaut is the most difficult, dangerous and responsible. This is a real feat.
Our class hour has come to an end and I really hope that you have learned a lot about space and about the wonderful astronauts. Maybe some of you will choose this profession in the future.
Today one of the most important forms of organization educational work class hour is considered with students. It is held once a week, on a certain day and time. During the lesson, the teacher conducts conversations with students, educates them, broadens their horizons, determines the tasks and goals of the class team.
Basic information
The class hour is between the teacher and the students. Today it is held in every school. The lesson is included in the training schedule and is held, as mentioned above, once a week. Its duration is 40 - 45 minutes.
In general, such a policy is not entirely correct. may take less time, since its main task is to complete the tasks set by the teacher. You can conduct a lesson both in the classroom and in the assembly hall, library, museum, even on the street.
Main goals and objectives
Class hour at school has several goals.
First of all, this educational which is to expand the circle of knowledge of students in various fields life.
Followed by guide. It affects the practical side of the life of schoolchildren, their behavior and attitude to life. Implemented by talking about a particular life situation supported by examples.
Last target - orientation. With its help, a certain relationship to objects is formed. surrounding reality, spiritual and material values.
The main classes include:
Creation of conditions for the manifestation of the individuality of students;
Enriching their knowledge about the world around them;
Formation of the emotional-sensual sphere;
Formation of a class team.
Forms of holding
A class hour is an activity that can be carried out not only in the form of a lecture, but also:
Competition;
Quizzes;
Meetings;
Excursions.
Preparing for the lesson
Before preparing a class hour, it is necessary to decide on the topic of the lesson. This can be done in advance by having a conversation with students or a questionnaire. When choosing a topic for a class hour, you need to identify age features student and their interests.
Before you write your classroom script, you need to sit down and ask yourself a few key questions:
1. How to set up children to participate in the classroom?
2. How and when to carry out preparatory work?
3. In what tasks will children be able to express themselves most fully?
4. Which student will be able to help lead the class?
5. How to sum up the lesson correctly?
Answers to these questions should be written down on paper and periodically return to them as the summary of the lesson is written.
After that, you need to start writing a script and conducting preparatory work. In some situations, you can use ready-made developments of class hours taken from specialized magazines for teachers, various Internet resources. But it is important to remember that most of them require editing. So, certain tasks may seem too complicated to children or not interest them. You should replace such tasks with easier or more interesting ones.
In general, the preparation consists of the following points:
- Definition of the topic and tasks.
- Determining the place and time of the event.
- Definition of key points.
- Preparation of the plan and scenario.
- Material selection.
- Room decorations.
- Definition of class members.
After the lesson, it is necessary to perform its analysis.
Lesson structure
When preparing a lesson, it is necessary to take into account that the class hour has its own structure. In general, it is the same as the structure of any lesson:
- Introduction, the main task of which is to activate the attention of students, designate the problem.
- The main part, the content of which is determined by the tasks of the class hour.
- The final part, which stimulates the needs of students in self-education.
Communication hour
One of the forms in which a class hour can be held is a social hour. It is defined as joint creative process child and adult. Children take part in organizing an hour of communication along with adults, together with the teacher determine the topic and range of interests.
The hour of fellowship has one important rule- create a favorable environment in which each of the students can safely express their opinion.
The main forms of communication hours are:
Discussion;
Role-playing game;
oral journal;
Socio-cultural project.
Information class hour
Class hours in the classroom can also be held in the form of protection and implementation information projects, political minutes.
The main goal of this lesson is the formation of understanding own importance, the need to participate in the socio-political life of the country and the world as a whole. During the information class hour, children learn to understand complex contemporary issues respond appropriately to what is happening around them.
The main forms of work in such lessons:
Newspaper reports;
Retelling the event using quotes;
Working with a dictionary;
Working with a political map;
Commenting information;
Formulation problematic issues and search for answers to them;
Viewing and discussion of video materials.
Subject
A few words about what the theme of class hours can be. Classes may be devoted to:
- Moral and ethical problems.
- Questions in the field of science.
- aesthetic problems
- Issues of state and law.
- Psychological issues.
- Features of physiology and hygiene.
- Questions healthy lifestyle life.
- Environmental issues.
- General school problems.
Within the framework of a particular topic, you can spend a number of class hours, united by one goal and having similar tasks.
Sample Topics
Based on the interests of students and their age, the topics of class hours can be as follows:
For 5th grade students:
- "Where do I see myself in ... years?"
- "What am I?"
- "Books around us".
- "What I can?"
For 6th grade students:
- "My hobbies".
- "I'm at school and at home."
- "Own opinion. Is it important?"
- "My strengths and weaknesses."
- "Learning to listen and hear."
In grade 7, you can spend educational hours on the following topics:
- "I want and I can."
- "Learning to manage yourself."
- "Attention and care".
- "Tell me who your friend is."
In grade 8, you can spend class hours on topics:
- "What is genius and talent?"
- "Training memory".
- "Responsibility and security".
- "The Land of My Dreams"
Grade 9 students will be interested in conversations:
- "Man and creativity".
- "My rights".
- "My future profession".
- "Beauty in our life".
For grade 10, it is advisable to prepare such class hours:
- "Me and my environment".
- "Adulthood - what is it?"
- "Human Disadvantages: Causes and Consequences".
- "Learning to control ourselves."
In grade 11, you can spend hours on the topic:
- "Will the school remember me?"
- "My professional choice".
- "My Destiny"
- "Humor in human life".
In winter, you can hold a class hour “Prevention of influenza”, as well as “Prevention of injuries”, “Rules of conduct on ice”, “How to behave in winter”, “Holidays without violations” and others.
An interesting move that a teacher can make to determine the topics of classes is to announce classroom plans at the beginning of the year or semester and allow children to independently suggest certain topics, adding existing plan and offer to participate in their preparation.
Do not forget to hold KVN games, during which students will be able to test their knowledge and skills. The form of the event also needs to be changed from time to time. For example, today there was a lecture, so next time it could be an excursion or a conversation.
For more effective implementation classroom should adhere to the following tips:
1. The room in which the lesson is held must be cleaned and ventilated.
2. It is advisable to decorate the office with flowers. You can use both real and artificial ones.
3. The topic of the class hour must be written on the board. It would also be appropriate to use an aphorism.
4. Do not forget about multimedia projectors and presentations, they will significantly increase students' interest in the material.
5. When questioning, tests, use forms. Do not forget about visual materials - brochures, booklets.
6. Pay special attention to preparing for the lesson if it is a class hour in primary school. Features of the development and perception of children are such that educational hours are best spent in the form of a game, travel. So you can much faster interest students, attract their attention.
7. Do not forget about the comfort of students. Let them sit however they like. You can also arrange desks in a circle, move two desks into one, if group work is supposed.
8. Do not be afraid to invite specialists to class hours - doctors, psychologists, historians, librarians. Of course, if they understand the topic of your class hour better than you and can tell a lot of useful information.
conclusions
Classroom is one of the most important forms organizations educational process. It is held once a week. During the lesson, the teacher raises cultural level students, forms their life attitudes and values, organizes the team. The form of conducting can be any, depending on the topic of the lesson and the goals set by the teacher.
Babarykina Tatyana Vladimirovna
MOU "Secondary School No. 36", Angarsk
teacher primary school
class hour for the Day of Knowledge 2-4 cells.
Class hour for the Day of Knowledge
"Our cool class»
Teacher: I am glad to welcome you, my dear!
Teacher: When we meet the dawn, we tell him ...
Children: Hi!
Teacher: With a smile, the sun gives light, sending us its ...
Children: Hi!
Teacher: When you meet after many years, you shout to your friends ...
Children: Hi!
Teacher: And they will smile at you in response to a kind word ...
Children: Hi!
Teacher: Let's get together, all in response, we will tell each other ...
Children: Hi!
Teacher: That's how simple and easy we greeted each other in Russian. And what gestures can we use when we say "hello"? (wave hand, clap hands to each other). Give your regards to each other. And for some reason, the parents were modest, they did not give out their greetings. Well, if they don’t want to give their regards, then they will catch them. The game "Catch hello": parents clap their hands together, approaching one or the other, at the moment when he clap, the teacher quickly passes his palm between the palms of the clapping. The latter, in turn, tries to "catch hello" with a clap, that is, the teacher's hand.
Teacher: Great! All greetings were given away. We did it in Russian, and you know that every nation and tribe has its own interesting greeting gestures. Let's fantasize a little. Imagine:
1. YOU FROM TIBET
Show your interlocutor your tongue, hug him, rub your noses against each other.
2. YOU ARE MAORI
Bending forefinger right hand, bring it to the tip of the nose and rub the nose with the knuckle of the second phalanx.
3. YOU ARE FROM THE KOIRI TRIBE OF NEW GUINEA
In the New Guinea tribe, the Koiri tickle each other with their chins when they meet.
4. YOU ARE TANGANYKA
Among the tribes living on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, the greeting begins with the meeting clapping each other on the stomach, then clapping their hands and shaking hands.
5. YOU FROM THE INDIAN TRIBE OF THE AINU
At a meeting, the Ainu fold their hands, raise them to their foreheads, turn their palms up and slap themselves - men on their beards, and women on upper lip and then shake hands.
6. YOU ARE NEW ZEALAND
Native New Zealand greetings: when meeting, they first shout out words in a ferocious and staccato manner, then slap their thighs with their hands, then stomp their feet with all their might and bend their knees, and finally inflate chest, bulging eyes and sticking out tongues from time to time.
Teacher: These are such amazing greetings!
Well, that's it, it's over summer holidays the school bell rang. For 9 whole months we have to study, communicate with each other in the classroom and extracurricular activities, and this is 1085 teaching hours, 210 school days, 34 class hours, 30 school and 25 classroom activities. You can continue this list, but now we will try to answer the question: "Who do you want to be with for so long: with school friend or with a person who will never come to the rescue, will not ask: “How are you?”, will not tell you in class, will not talk to you at recess?” Of course, the answer is clear - with a friend.
Look around, there are 21 of us. We are lucky: each of us can have 20 friends in the class. And it's wonderful! Yes, yes, you heard right, there are 21 of us this year. There is an addition to our friendly family. We don’t know anything about them yet, but it doesn’t matter, because we have a “magic chair”. "Magic Chair" only shows good qualities of people. Let's try to see these qualities and traits. I'll start with your permission. The Magic Chair shows that Dima and Danil are very inquisitive. Further children and parents continue (kind, sympathetic, smart, patient, diligent, diligent, hardworking, athletic, talented, modest, creative, handsome, etc.).
Here we met! And now let's tell the guys, and in what family they ended up. After all, our class is big family. Let's think about what kind of family it is. For each letter of the word "CLASS", name the words that characterize the friendly class.
K - strong, sociable, cool, cool, creative
L - loving, inquisitive, dexterous, affectionate
A - active, artistic
S - happy
C - independent
Teacher: I think that Dima and Danil are very happy that they got into such a cool class! And how smart we are! We give the right answer to any question. Now we will prove it.
Guys, today I
I'll ask tricky questions.
If the answer is negative,
Please answer with "no"
And affirmative - then
Say the word "yes" out loud.
I have no doubt guys
Every mind has a chamber
But I have some advice for you:
"YES" answers, "NO" answers
Don't rush to give
Think hard and speak.
1. You will see a mole on a clear day,
Soaring in the sky, right? …
2. Reader, having read, always
Eating a book, right? ...
3. A thin boy, like a skeleton,
Easy to lift the bar? ...
4. From the airport train
Take off along the strip? ...
5. Pedestrians have a dream -
Stumbling, falling into a hole? ...
6. When the cold comes
Do all moose fly south? ...
7. The toad, for sure, does not have a tail.
Does the cow have it? ...
8. Mommy will buy you candy.
For being lazy? ...
9. In a trolleybus, having bought a ticket,
Do you need to go on the rooftop? ...
10. What does a frog eat for lunch -
Elephant with peas, right? ...
The questions are over, friends!
And I praise everyone, guys, I.
The account has come to an end.
Who is not mistaken - well done!
And who made a mistake, even a little bit,
Not well done, but a hammer!
Teacher: That's it! And how careful we are!
Attention game "Nose, floor, ceiling." The teacher slowly points to the floor, pronouncing the word "floor", etc. But the teacher's role is to confuse the children, so after a while, calling "nose", he points to the ceiling, etc.
Teacher: And we got such steady attention from our attentive parents. Let's show how attentive they are. The game "We too!" After each phrase of the teacher, parents should repeat the same words “We too!”.
I woke up this morning... (We too!)
I washed myself with warm water ... (We too!)
I drank delicious tea ... (We too!)
Went outside with good mood… (We, too!)
I met a cat on the street ... (We too!)
The cat got scared ... (We too!)
And I climbed up the drainpipe to the roof ... (We too!)
Teacher: We have such wonderful parents! Climbing down drainpipes in the morning!
Well, I think that you will definitely need the sharp mind and attention shown in the fourth grade! And besides this, a bag of patience and a wagon of zeal will come in handy! And how we dream of studying for one round-round fives! And each of us has a bunch different desires related to the new school year! And when all the children and adults on the planet make wishes? (In the New Year to the sound of chimes).
But September 1 is also the first day of the new year, the New School year. Therefore, on this day, you can wish something for yourself for the future. And we will do it in an organized way. Here I have a bottle and many small leaves. On the pieces of paper, each of you, after thinking, will write 1, 2 or 3 main desires, they can only apply to learning process. Then we will roll them up and put them in a bottle and hide it, and at the end of the fourth quarter, in the last lesson, we will check if our wishes have come true. And so it began... (Parents count 12 times).
Teacher: To make your wishes come true, you need to cast a spell. Say the phrase three times: «IKRETYAP AN YASTICHU UCHOH»(this is the phrase “I want to study for five” pronounced on the contrary). Then you need to throw up your hands with spread fingers, which, as you know, are five on each hand and which, just, symbolize the desired assessment.
And in order to consolidate the power of the spell, one must make a “sacrifice”. Pull the hair out of your eyebrows and put it in your palm (wait for all the guys). And now let's blow it all together.
