Jules Verne great person, legendary writer, he comes from France, was born on February 8 in 1828 in a family of lawyers. Given Writer is considered the ancestor science fiction he wrote a lot of books on this topic. He always dreamed of traveling and from childhood he was drawn to see the world. Here are a few interesting facts from his life:
- Jules Verne's stories translated into 148 languages. The UNESCO organization conducted statistics and found out that his books were printed around the world in so many languages.
- Loved adventure since childhood. When the writer was eleven years old, he hired himself as a sea cadet and wanted to escape to India, but he was stopped and not allowed to do so.
- He was not the kind of writer who always sat in his office. Jules Verne traveled all over the world, visited many countries. He also had three of his yachts called Saint-Michel on which he constantly sailed.
- He was hired to write America's prediction. The writer wrote for the American people at the request of Gordon Bennett a work-prediction about one day of an American journalist who lived in 2889. However, it was never printed.
- Jules Verne was inspired to write Around the World in Eighty Days by a newspaper article. In this article, it was said that if you invent good vehicles, it is quite possible to travel around the world in a short period.
- Workaholic writer. Jules Verne could write for more than fifteen hours in a row, without really leaving the office, if he had any insight, it was difficult to stop him.
- The work "Journey to the Center of the Earth" was banned in Russia in the 19th century. The then clergy found anti-religious ideas in the work and decided that this would undermine the spirituality of the entire state.
- Jules Verne never visited such big country like Russia. He did not have a chance to come to this country, but in two of his novels, all the actions begin to unfold in this country.
- The writer was in Geographic Society France. Since he traveled a lot, he was taken into this society.
- Jules Verne was married to a widow. The writer fell in love and took a woman with two children, he even borrowed 50,000 francs from his father to support the family.
- The book "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" has been changed. Initially, Captain Nemo was a wealthy Pole who only built the submarine out of revenge against the Russians. After that, the publisher intervened, because he also sold books in Russia and asked to remake the captain.
- From the novel "From the Earth to the Moon" main character is the prototype of his friend. Michel Ardant is a friend of the writer, he is an artist, photographer and is known as Nadar.
- The work "Five weeks on hot-air balloon” was published in Russia simultaneously with the French publishing house. Then even Saltykov-Shchedrin reviewed this work, and it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.
- The first work of the writer was the play "Broken Straws". She was placed in famous theater Stories. However, Jules Verne soon realized that dramaturgy was not his and it did not make a profit, so he abandoned this business.
- Almost all of the writer's books contain predictions and discoveries.. Everything fantastic that the writer wrote in his books was later invented. During the discoveries, scientists even relied on his works, took ideas from him.
Jules Verne was born in 1828 in Prance. Young Jules was interested in machinery, sailing and writing. Together with his brother Paul, he explored the river near their home in an old sailboat.
Jules' father was a lawyer and he wanted his son to continue his career. So Jules was sent to Paris to study law. Jules, however, decided soon that his main interest was writing. He joined the club of scientific writers. This group was interested in balloons so Jules soon wrote an adventure story called "Five Weeks in a Balloon". His favorite subject at school was geography, so he wanted to describe in his books as many parts of the world as possible.
Jules Verne's books are still popular now because they are good adventure stories. But in his books Verne also forecast many inventions that we have now. He believed that someday people would have airplanes, submarines, television, derigibles and powerful weapons.
His most popular books are "Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea" and "Around the World in Eighty Days".
Verne had a notebook where he wrote every idea or bit of information he came across that might be useful for his books. In his study he had a large map of the world with all routes of his heroes marked on it.
Jules Verne (translation)
Jules Verne was born in 1828 in France. Young Jules was interested in technology, sailing and writing. Together with his brother Paul, he explored the river in the vicinity of his house in an old sailing boat.
Jules' father was a lawyer and he wanted his son to follow in his footsteps. So Jules was sent to Paris to study law. Jules, however, soon decided that he was most interested in a career as a writer. He joined the club of popular science writers. This group was interested in balloons, and soon Jules wrote an adventure story, which he called "Five Weeks in a Balloon". His favorite school subject was geography, and he wanted to describe in his books as many corners of the world as possible.
Jules Verne's books are still popular today as they are good adventure novels. But in his books, Verne predicted many of the inventions that we have now. He believed that one day people would have airplanes, submarines, televisions, airships and powerful weapons.
His most popular books"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" and "Around the World in Eighty Days."
Jules Verne had Notebook where he wrote down any idea or piece of information that he came across that might be useful for his books. In his office, he had a map on which the routes of all his heroes were plotted.
Jules Berne wrote more than 50 books during his lifetime. He died at the age of 77.
Illustrations for famous novels Jules Verne
"Around the world in 80 Days"
Artist Leo Kaplan
Second half 19th century was marked by a surge scientific and technological progress and industrial growth.
Trains, ships, canals, tunnels are becoming symbols of the changing world...
Traveling the world has now become not only faster, but also easier and cheaper, thanks to the rapid development of means of transportation. These tendencies are certainly caught great son science fiction writer Jules Verne of his time.
Artist Leo Kaplan
For forty years he created a huge series - 62 novels and 18 short stories - he called "Extraordinary Journeys".
More than a thousand heroes, including John Hatteras and Captain Nemo, Mikhail Strogoff and Matthias Shandor, surf the planet and, together with the author and his many readers, are looking for answers to the burning questions of their time.
Jules Verne became for the people of that time a kind of “ruler of thoughts”, who reacted very quickly, literally in reporting mode, to any changes in the world and put forward well-founded hypotheses. Some of them, by the way, were destined to be realized in a short time.
Artist Leo Kaplan
In 1869, the construction of the Pacific Railway was completed, which connected the eastern and west coast USA. In the same year, the Suez Canal was opened - the shortest route from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean.
And finally, in 1871, the builders laid the Frejus (Mont Cenis) tunnel through the Alps, which made it possible to quickly get by train from Paris to the Italian port of Brindisi, from where ships sailed to Suez and India. Jules Verne was not the only one who realized that these events could significantly shorten the time of a round-the-world trip.
Artist Leo Kaplan
Apparently, ideas are in the air, and in 1869-1871, the publishers of several popular magazines at once came up with the idea to calculate how long it would take a modern traveler to circumnavigate the globe. They all converged at 80 days. Jules Verne must have read these articles and, perhaps, borrowed the results of the calculations.
Jules Verne's tenth novel, Around the World in 80 Days, was soon published. Its title may have been inspired by Edmond Plosh's travel essay Around the World in One Hundred and Twenty Days, which appeared in the Revue des Deux Mondes in 1871 and was published as a separate book the following year.
Artist Leo Kaplan
As for the protagonist of the Jules Verne novel Phileas Fogg, this character could also have prototypes. First, the eccentric American George Francis Train. He publicly claimed that in 1870 he completed a round-the-world voyage in eighty days. Secondly, the American traveler Perry Fogg.
Between 1869 and 1871 he traveled to Japan, China, India, Egypt and Europe, and returning to the United States, in 1872 he published a book about his travels. The coincidence of his last name with the name of the hero Jules Verne, of course, is not accidental.
The plot of the novel itself is known to everyone since childhood. Phileas Fogg, a representative of the English aristocracy of the 19th century, makes a bet that he will travel around the world and return to London, and it will take him eighty days to do everything about everything.
This character has such a charge of energy that leaves in the shadow of all the other heroes of the novel Fix and Passepartout. He is a new man, for whom time itself is a rival that he must defeat. Phileas Fogg, driven by tight deadlines, rushes from city to city, country to country...
And at the same time, the circulation of the Parisian newspaper Le Tan, where the novel was originally published in November-December 1872, is growing uncontrollably from issue to issue. Everything seems to be happening in the "online" mode: the action of the novel - not at all by chance - takes place in recent months current, 1872, and is perceived by readers as a report on actual events.
Artist Leo Kaplan
Conservative readers, who traditionally believed that a trip around the world could be completed in months and years, and certainly not in 80 days, were at first skeptical about the prospect of winning a bet, but before two weeks pass, they no longer have the strength to - get away from Fogg's adventures.
The novel becomes a kind of drug. Last news the sensational journey is daily reported by telegraph to New York by American correspondents. Fogg's adventures are followed by the whole world, including Russia, where Jules Verne's novel began to be published in Russian translation in the Russkiy Vestnik magazine. No modern soap opera can compare with the excitement around the events described by this outstanding science fiction writer, sitting in his office.
...Fogg rushes forward and forward. Already Asia is left behind, and Japan, and Pacific Ocean... Not without adventure, he crosses the American continent, and suddenly ... The reading public is ready to faint from excitement - that's a bummer! - the steamer, on which the traveler expected to return to England, left New York forty-five minutes before Phileas Fogg appeared in port. Late!..
The world is frozen, what will happen? An American shipping company hastened to help Phileas Fogg. She offered Jules Verne a large reward if he would "transport" his hero across the Atlantic on the best of her ships. However, Phileas Fogg prefers to purchase the Henrietta with his own money - a steamer with an iron hull, but wooden superstructures, which later came in very handy for the traveler in his sea passage ..
On December 22, Le Tan informed its readers: Phileas Fogg, already resigned to failure, still won the bet! True, it must be said that the rotation of the Earth helped the hero: traveling in the direction from west to east, he managed to win the whole day due to the change of time zones.
Jules Verne himself gave an explanation for this phenomenon: “... Moving east, Phileas Fogg walked towards the sun, and, consequently, the days for him decreased by four minutes as many times as he traveled degrees in this direction.
Since the circle the globe is divided by three hundred and sixty degrees, then these three hundred and sixty degrees, multiplied by four minutes, give exactly twenty-four hours, that is, a day, which Phileas Fogg won. So, he appears at the club where he made a bet, exactly on time - December 21, at exactly 8 hours 45 minutes in the evening!
The miraculous way in which Phileas Fogg acquired an "extra" day and thereby shamed insidious fate, caused a lively discussion in the press, which in turn contributed a lot to the popularity of the novel.
At the beginning of 1873 he left separate edition, and almost immediately followed by translations into many European languages. In Russia alone, in the same 1873, Jules Verne's novel was published in three different translations! A wave of discussions and enthusiastic reviews swept the whole world, and after it there was already a new one, which was caused by the premiere at the theater of Port-Saint-Martin of the performance “Around the World in 80 Days”.
It was, according to the testimony of the Paris correspondent of Fatherland Notes, a kind of “stage innovation, a series of ethnographic paintings, something like a magical geographical fairy tale, aimed at teaching, entertaining ...
Parodies have already begun to appear on the play - an undoubted sign of success ... ”She withstood 400 performances in a row. In July 1875, the Russian writer N.S. Leskov, who wrote to his son: "... this is such an idea that you can't take your eyes off it." It is not surprising, because a small steamer “floated” across the stage, a train with a locomotive “passed”, a live Indian elephant... 2250 times the play was played on the Parisian scene during 1874-1938!
But many years have passed since the release of the Jules Verne novel, and during this period the world has undergone some changes: the lines have entangled the earth even more densely railways, new regular sea voyages were added, and transport became faster.
"Mysterious Island"
Artist Anatoly Itkin
Illustrator O. Parkhaev.
Illustrator O. Parkhaev.
« The Children of Captain Grant»
The novel "Children of Captain Grant" (Les Enfants du capitaine Grant) tells how the newlyweds Lord and Lady Glenvarn, sailing on their yacht "Duncan" in Honeymoon, found a bottle with a message inside a shark caught by their sailors.
The half-blurred note was written in three languages and pleaded for help to two sailors and Captain Grant, who miraculously escaped a shipwreck.
It was this message that caused a series of adventures and travels in which the heroes of the novel fall - the children of Captain Grant, Lord and Lady Glenvarn, Major McNabbs, the captain of the Duncan Mangles and the absent-minded scientist Jacques Paganel, who, by chance and his inattention, found himself on board yacht "Duncan" at the time of departure.
Travelers knew that Captain Grant's ship had been shipwrecked on the 37th parallel, so they had to stay on that course. Having passed the oceans and continents, they managed to survive a lot of adventures.
To other works of the writer
The future writer was born in 1828 on February 8 in Nantes. His father was a lawyer, and his mother, half Scottish, received excellent education and took care of the house. Jules was the first child, after him another boy and three girls were born in the family.
Study and writing debut
Jules Verne studied in Paris as a lawyer, but at the same time actively engaged in writing. He wrote stories and librettos for Parisian theatres. Some of them were staged and even had success, but this literary debut became the novel Five Weeks in a Balloon, which was written in 1864.
Family
The writer was married to Honorine de Vian, who by the time he met him was already a widow and had two children. They got married, and in 1861 they had a common son, Michel, a future cameraman who filmed several of his father's novels.
Popularity and travel
After the first novel, successful and favorably received by critics, the writer began to work hard and fruitfully (according to the memoirs of Michel's son, Jules Verne spent most time: 8 am to 8 pm).
Interestingly, since 1865, the cabin of the Saint-Michel yacht has become the writer's office. This small ship was bought by Jules Verne while working on the novel The Children of Captain Grant. Later, the yachts "San Michel II" and "San Michel III" were purchased, on which the writer sailed the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. He visited the south and north of Europe (in Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Norway), in the north of the African continent (for example, in Algeria). He dreamed of sailing to St. Petersburg. But this was prevented by a strong storm that broke out in the Baltic. All travel had to be abandoned in 1886, after being wounded in the leg.
Last years
The last novels of the writer differ from the first. They feel fear. The writer renounced the idea of the omnipotence of progress. He began to realize that many of the achievements of science and technology would be used for criminal purposes. It should be noted that latest novels writers were not popular.
The writer died in 1905 from diabetes. Until his death, he continued to dictate books. Many of his novels, not published or completed during his lifetime, are published today.
Other biography options
- If follow short biography Jules Verne, it turns out that for 78 years of his life he wrote about 150 works, including documentaries and scientific works(only 66 novels, of which some are unfinished).
- The great-grandson of the writer, Jean Verne, famous operatic tenor, managed to find the novel "Paris of the 20th century" (the novel was written in 1863 and published in 1994), which was considered family legend and in the existence of which no one believed. It was in this novel that cars, an electric chair, a fax were described.
- Jules Verne was a great "soothsayer". He has written in his novels about airplanes, helicopters, video communications, television, the Trans-Siberian Railway, the Channel Tunnel, space exploration (he almost exactly indicated the location of the Cape Canaveral cosmodrome).
- The writer's works were filmed in different countries world, and the number of films based on his books has exceeded 200.
- The writer has never been to Russia, but in 9 of his novels the action takes place in the then Russian Empire.
Verne Jules (1828 - 1905)
Jules Verne is the first classic of the science fiction genre, a master of the travel and adventure novel. His main merit lies in the fact that he brought to perfection art form adventure novel and filled it with new content.
Jules Verne was born in France, in Nantes, a port city where the very atmosphere of the ships and the sea called for travel, for undiscovered lands, for adventure. His father was a hereditary lawyer, his mother, Sophie Henriette, came from an impoverished noble family Nantes sailors and shipowners. The writer's work was strongly influenced by his childhood impressions. Jules dreamed of becoming a sailor, dreamed of long-distance wanderings, at the age of 11 he tried to secretly sail away on the schooner Korali, exchanging clothes with a cabin boy.
After leaving school, Jules entered the Royal Lyceum of Nantes, where he developed new hobbies: theater, music, literature. Not daring to argue with his father, in 1847 he passed the first exam to obtain a lawyer's title, after which he left for Paris. Interest in history and geography grew into real passion, which Verne managed to realize in the literary field. In 1850, Verne's play "Broken Straws" was successfully staged in " Historic theater» A. Dumas. In 1852-1854 Verne worked as a secretary to the director Lyric Theater", Then he was a stockbroker, while not stopping writing comedies, librettos, stories. In 1863 published in the journal J. Etzel "Journal for Education and Leisure" the first novel from the series "Unusual Journeys" - "Five Weeks in a Balloon". The success of the novel inspired Verne; he decided to continue working in this direction, accompanying the romantic adventures of his heroes with increasingly skillful descriptions of the incredible, but nevertheless carefully considered scientific miracles born of his imagination. The cycle was continued by the novels Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Travels and Adventures of Captain Hatteras (1865), From the Earth to the Moon (1865), Captain Grant's Children (1867), Around the Moon (1869) , "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" (1870), "The Mysterious Island" (1874), "The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain" (1878) and many others. In total, Jules Verne wrote 66 novels, as well as more than 20 novels and short stories, more than 30 plays, several documentary and scientific works.
In his writings, he predicted scientific discoveries and inventions in a wide variety of fields, including submarines, scuba gear, television, and space flight. The work of Jules Verne is imbued with the romance of science, faith in the good of progress, admiration for the power of thought. He sympathetically describes the struggle for national liberation. In the novels of J. Verne, readers found not only an enthusiastic description of technology, travel, but also vivid and lively images of noble heroes (Captain Hatteras, Captain Grant, Captain Nemo), pretty eccentric scientists (Dr. Lidenbrock, Dr. Kloubonny, Jacques Paganel). In his later works there was a fear of using science for criminal purposes - the Flag of the Motherland ”(1896),“ The Lord of the World ”(1904); faith in constant progress has been replaced by an anxious expectation of the unknown. Jules Verne was not an "armchair" writer, he traveled the world a lot, including on his yachts "Saint-Michel 1", "Saint-Michel 2", and "Saint-Michel 3". In 1859 he traveled to England and Scotland, and in 1861 visited Scandinavia. In 1867, Mr.. Made a transatlantic cruise on the steamer "Great Eastern" to the United States. In 1879, Jules Verne again visited England and Scotland on the yacht "Saint-Michel 3". In 1881, he traveled on his yacht to the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. Later, he visited Algeria, Malta and Italy. Many of his trips subsequently formed the basis of " Extraordinary Journeys"- "The Floating City" (1870), "Black India" (1877), " green beam"(1882) and others.
Contemporaries considered the writer a seer, finding in his works accurate and gradually coming true predictions. scientific discoveries and inventions. Choosing a certain scientific phenomenon, the writer carried out a painstaking research work and, based on the collected facts, draw conclusions. The accuracy of the descriptions is explained by the fact that he collected extracts from newspapers, magazines, books, and scientific abstracts. They served as material for his novels.
Jules Verne introduced a new hero into the novel - the knight of science, who penetrates the secrets of nature, explores, builds, invents. In Jules Verne's novels, ideal city-states emerge.
The pinnacle of the writer's work is the trilogy "Children of Captain Grant", "The Mysterious Island", and "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea". The novels are full of exciting adventures, they are reliable geographically. Heroes are distinguished by moral purity, physical and mental health.
In one of the articles about J. Verne, E. Brandis, an excellent connoisseur of his life and work, cites the writer’s story about his methods of working on manuscripts: “... I can reveal the secrets of my literary cuisine ... I need to work more instinctively than consciously ...”
The books of Jules Verne meet all the highest requirements: the author is smart and noble, the plots of the works are so addictive that it is difficult to tear oneself away from the books, the text is always highly artistic. main idea books calls the reader to lofty, humane goals. Under the powerful and beneficial influence of science fiction and social ideas J. Verne were all the outstanding scientists, inventors, travelers, thinkers of the late 19th and 20th centuries. In 1892, J. Verne became a Knight of the Legion of Honor.
LITERATURE
1. J. Verne. Works. M., 1975.
2. M. Yakhontova. Story French literature. M., 1965.
