Kir Bulychev is a real surname. Memorial Prize to them

Fans of the science fiction genre are well aware of the writer Kir Bulychev, because it was based on his book that the series “Guest from the Future” was created, which was a huge success in the mid-1980s. The same author wrote the script for the animated series "The Secret of the Third Planet" and for the sci-fi film "Through hardships to the stars." The writer gained fame outside the USSR, but even many Russian readers do not know that behind the name of Kira Bulychev he hid from fame scientist, orientalist and historian Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko.

Writer's family

Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko - the father of the writer - was of noble origin. Leaving at a young age native home He started working in a factory. Later he moved to Petrograd and, having worked there for some time as a mechanic, began his studies at the preparatory department of the university. Then he entered Faculty of Law while working in a union. While inspecting a pencil factory, Mozheiko met Maria Bulycheva, who worked there, with whom he later married.

The writer's mother studied at the institute for noble maidens - this institution was the first in Russia to initiate women's education. Bulycheva's father was an officer, and also taught fencing in the Cadet Corps. After acquiring a working specialty, Maria Mikhailovna studied at the Road Institute. Later, she was in the airborne school as the head, and also held the position of commandant. When her father left the family, her mother remarried Yakov Bokinik, who later died at the front.

Education and work

Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko was born in Moscow in 1934. After leaving school, he was educated at the Moscow State linguistic university. Then he went to Burma, where he worked for several years as a translator and journalist for the Soviet news agency and then returned home. Mozheiko completed his postgraduate studies and started working at the Institute of Oriental Studies. He often submitted geographical and historical essays which are usually accepted for publication. Considering the topic of Buddhism in Burma, Igor Mozheiko defended his candidate and doctoral dissertations. In the scientific community, he gained fame for his work on the history of Southeast Asia.

Aliases of Igor Mozheiko

The writer's first published story, "Maung Jo Shall Live," described the training of the local people of Myanmar to work in modern technology. Igor Mozheiko did not reveal his identity, and the story "The duty of hospitality" was published as a translation of the work of the Burmese author. Writer's real name for a long time kept it a secret, fearing a possible dismissal from his job, since writing fiction was not considered a serious matter.

Later, the pseudonyms of Igor Mozheiko changed more than once, but most of his books were published under the authorship of Kirill Bulychev. This combination came from a generalization maiden name the writer's mother and the name of his wife. Over time, publishers began to shorten the author's pseudonym to Kir. Bulychev, and then they even removed the dot, and so Kir Bulychev, now familiar to everyone, appeared.

The writer used many names. Lev Khristoforovich Mints, Igor Vsevolodovich Vsevolodov, Nikolai Lozhkin - these are just some of the pseudonyms that hide Igor Mozheiko.

Alice's Adventure

Alisa Selezneva is a 21st century schoolgirl who got her name in honor of Kir Bulychev's daughter. The girl from the future is often compared to her namesake in Lewis Carroll's Alice Through the Looking-Glass, as both of them explore new worlds without any fear and notice what adults do not see.

Alice is in the most different places, but adventures find her everywhere: it's space, the bottom of the ocean, mysterious planets, modern Earth 21st century. Having got into the past with the help of a time machine, the girl travels through the Legendary era, in which there is magic and living characters of fairy tales.

The very first stories about little Alice were written on behalf of her father, Igor Seleznev, who studies cosmobiology and is looking for new animal species. In subsequent books, the adventures of the grown-up schoolgirl and her friends are presented in the third person. This is the study of new planets, interesting excursions of modern schoolchildren and real friendship. All this takes place on another Earth that readers need to get used to: these are domestic robots, unprecedented animals, schoolchildren who make new discoveries and conquer space.

Books about Alisa Selezneva

"Alice's Journey" is one of the most popular stories by Kir Bulychev from a series of books about a girl from the future. This work has been translated into different languages, based on his motives, a cartoon was created, computer game and even comics. The book describes Professor Seleznev's space expedition with a team to search for rare alien animals. Captain Poloskov, flight engineer Zeleny and Alice with her father explore the most different planets, find animals and plants unprecedented on Earth, and also fight with real space pirates.

In the book "Alice's Journey" the expedition gets acquainted with the history of the Three Captains - these are great heroes who have traveled all over the cosmos. They found a way to create super-powerful fuel for ships, but because of this knowledge, they began to be persecuted. The first Captain is captured by the pirates, and the Second has to barricade himself on his own ship so as not to fall into their hands. Only thanks to the efforts of the members of the expedition from Earth, the enemies were defeated, and the Three Captains finally met.

Also the most readable stories about the adventures of Alice remain such as "Purple Ball", "Reserve of Tales", "The End of Atlantis" and "Rusty Field Marshal".

Criticism of the writer's works

A series of books about Alisa Selezneva has become the most popular and controversial. Critics have noted that early work the author about the adventures of a schoolgirl from the future were much stronger than all subsequent ones. In the new stories, plot moves are often repeated, the “seriality” of the works appears, as if now the writer is more interested in the number of the cycle, and not its quality. Igor Mozheiko, whose books were criticized, said more than once in an interview that for forty years he was tired of talking about the same heroes, and perhaps this is what influenced the level of writing. Kir Bulychev continued to create stories about Alice, regularly returning to this hero.

The series "Guest from the Future"

In 1985, the film "Guest from the Future" was released, which instantly won the hearts of both children and adolescents. The screened story “One Hundred Years Ahead” showed the adventures of the Soviet schoolboy Kolya in the 21st century, where he was able to get using a time machine. In a day, he manages to visit the Cosmodrome, build real home, see and save an important device from theft. By chance, he takes the myelophone back to his own time, where Alisa Selezneva also ends up. She must find valuable equipment and return to the future, but her search is hampered by the fact that she is looking for a man she has not even seen. She comes to Kolya's class as a new student, but she cannot understand who he is, because there are three boys with that name in the class. Also, the search for Alice is hampered by the intervention of space pirates, who also managed to penetrate into the past.

starred in leading role, has become adored by thousands of boys across the country. The Soviet science fiction writer Kir Bulychev, who created the script for the film "Guest from the Future", was happy to tell the children's audience of readers about his acquaintance with the actress and about the large number of messages that came to him. Boys from all over the country wrote to the author, admiring his work and asking him to give them the address of Natasha Guseva.

The cycle of books "The Great Guslar"

In the town invented by the author with the name Guslyar, many strange events take place, it is inhabited by the most unusual people, aliens are coming. But ordinary residents are also there, and it is they who solve the problems that arise due to the peculiarities in their environment, and even in difficult situations remain people. The books in the cycle are written with humor, they are easy to read, despite serious questions, which are periodically affected in the work.

Once the author saw road sign, warning about repairs, and it seemed to him that the worker there had three whole legs. This is how the first story "Connections" appeared. personal nature”, which was published in a Bulgarian magazine. The fictional town kept growing, and Igor Mozheiko continued to describe it.

The cycle includes approximately seventy works. Seven of them are short stories, and the rest are short stories. These works were created over a long period of time, so there are many one-day heroes in the book, and the characters often leave the city forever, but still return.

Andrew Bruce

Main character works - Cosmoflot agent Andrey Bruce. He performs tasks on behalf of the space agency and, during his adventures, finds himself in situations where he has to show courage and bravery. The first novel, KF Agent, is about a conspiracy on the planet Pe-U that the protagonist encounters. The second book, "Dungeon of the Witches," is devoted to the consequences of experiments carried out by representatives of another civilization. These were attempts to speed up community development people, as well as the evolution of flora and fauna. Both novels deal with serious moral and social issues and are written in a very authentic manner.

Screen versions of the author's books

Filmmakers singled out the works of Kir Bulychev from all the works of Russian and Soviet science fiction. So, according to his books, more than 20 films were shot, serials and episodes for television plays were created. For most of his film adaptations, Igor Mozheiko wrote the scripts on his own.

The following full-length films received the greatest popularity: "Dungeon of the Witches" and "Through Hardships to the Stars", the television science fiction series "Guest from the Future", the animated films "Alice's Birthday" and "The Secret of the Third Planet".

Facts from the biography

In 1982, the writer received State Prize USSR for their scripts. It was then that the secret of his pseudonym was revealed, people found out who Kir Bulychev was. Igor Mozheiko expected to be fired from his job, but this did not happen. His employees were indignant that a serious scientist was engaged in "frivolous writing", but the director took it calmly, knowing that the plan was carried out by the employee without any complaints.

Bulychev not only wrote his books, but also translated fantastic works by foreign authors. While still studying at the university, he and his friend took up the translation of Alice in Wonderland, not knowing that the book had already been translated. He has also edited several science fiction magazines. The writer drew well, often making caricatures on famous people art.

The writer's wife, Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya, wrote science fiction and illustrated books. Daughter - Alisa Lyutomskaya - an architect by training, she has a son, Timofey.

Igor Mozheiko died in 2003 after a severe oncological disease. The writer was 68 years old.

Kir Bulychev's books were translated into different languages ​​of the world and published in huge editions. And his works about Alice from the 21st century are read with pleasure by all new generations of schoolchildren.

, historian , orientalist , literary critic , science fiction

Kir Bulychev(real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko; October 18, Moscow - September 5, ibid) - Russian Soviet science fiction writer, playwright, screenwriter, literary critic; historian (dr. historical sciences), orientalist, phalerist. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (). The pseudonym is composed of the name of Kira's wife and the maiden name of the writer's mother, Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva.

Biography

Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko was born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow, in the family of Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko (1908-1977) and Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva (1905-1986).

Father, Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, a native of the Belarusian-Lithuanian gentry Mozheiko of the coat of arms Pipe, at the age of 15 formally left home, hiding his noble origin and getting a job as an apprentice at a factory. In 1922, at the age of 17, he arrived in Petrograd. He worked there as a mechanic, and after graduating from the workers' faculty, he entered the law faculty of the university, while simultaneously working in the trade union. Once inspecting Hammer's pencil factory, he met worker Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva there, whom he married in 1925.

Mother was the daughter of an officer, Colonel Mikhail Bulychev, a fencing instructor at the First Cadet Corps, and before the revolution she studied at. After the revolution, she mastered a working specialty, and then graduated from the road institute. In the 1930s she served as the commandant of the Shlisselburg fortress, and during the war she worked as the head of an airborne school in the city of Chistopol.

After graduating from school, Igor entered the Komsomol order, which he graduated in 1957. For two years he worked in Burma as a translator and correspondent for APN, in 1959 he returned to Moscow and entered the postgraduate course of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He wrote historical and geographical essays for the magazines Around the World and Asia and Africa Today. In 1962 he graduated from graduate school, since 1963 he worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies, specializing in the history of Burma. In 1965 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Pagan State (XI-XIII centuries)”, in 1981 - his doctoral dissertation on the topic “The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma”. In the scientific community, he is known for his works on the history of Southeast Asia.

The first story, Maung Jo Shall Live, was published in 1961. He began writing fiction in 1965, fantastic works published exclusively under a pseudonym. The first fantasy work, the story "The Debt of Hospitality", was published as a "translation of the story of the Burmese writer Maun Sein Ji". Subsequently, Bulychev used this name several more times, but most of the fantastic works were published under the pseudonym "Kirill Bulychev" - the pseudonym was composed of the name of the wife and the maiden name of the writer's mother. Subsequently, the name "Kirill" on the covers of books began to be written in abbreviated form - "Kir." There was also a combination of Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev. The writer kept his real name a secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious occupation, and was afraid that after revealing the pseudonym he would be fired.

Dozens of books have been published total hundreds of published works. In addition to writing his own works, he was engaged in the translation into Russian of fantastic works by American writers.

More than twenty works have been screened, in particular, based on the story “One Hundred Years Ahead” (1977), a five-episode film “Guest from the Future” was shot - one of the most popular children's films in the USSR in the mid-1980s. In 1982, he won the State Prize of the USSR for scripts for feature film"Through thorns to the stars" and the full-length cartoon "The Secret of the Third Planet". When the State Prize was presented, the pseudonym was revealed, however, the expected dismissal did not take place.

Kir Bulychev was a member of the Creative Councils of science fiction magazines “Noon. XXI century" and "If". The magazine "If" was even saved by Bulychev in the mid-90s, when he was under the threat of financial collapse.

Winner of the Aelita Science Fiction Award (1997). Cavalier of the "Order knights fantasy" (2002).

Some of the works were first published posthumously. Several stories were found in the writer's archives and were published in 2008-2012: "The Eagle", "The Rooster Crows Late", "The Death of a Poet", "Cupid's Shot" in the book "Respected Microbe" (2008) in the series " Best Books for XX years" by the publishing house "Text", "Prisoners of debt" from the cycle about Dr. Pavlysh in the magazine "If" (No. 5, May 2009), "Sixty years later" in "Novaya Gazeta" (No. 106 of September 24, 2010), and "Yellow Ghost" last volume three-volume collection "Great Guslyar" (2012) publishing house "Time" . These and other little-known and rare works that were not included in the 18-volume edition of the Eksmo publishing house will be published in a limited edition in a two-volume set from the For a narrow circle series (2015−16).

Adventures Alice

Perhaps this is the most famous cycle of works by Kira Bulychev. main character of this cycle - a schoolgirl (in the first stories - still a preschooler) of the XXI century Alisa Selezneva. The name of the heroine was given by the author in honor of his daughter Alice, who was born in 1960. The first works of the cycle were the stories that made up the collection "The Girl with whom nothing will happen." Alice's adventures take place in a variety of places and times: on the Earth of the 21st century, in space, on the ocean floor and even in the past, where she climbs in a time machine, as well as in the Legendary Age - the space-time section of the Universe where fairy tale characters, magic, etc. There is even another, “internal” cycle “Alice and her friends in the labyrinths of history”, which tells about the adventures of children of the 21st century in past times. In the first works, Alice was the only child among the main characters, and the narration was conducted on behalf of the cosmobiologist Professor Seleznev, Alice's father (the author, judging by one of the stories, called him by his real name - Igor). Later, the story began to be conducted in a third person, and the main characters, along with Alice, were her peers - classmates and friends. Some of the books in the series are aimed at children. younger age. Such books are, in fact, fairy tales, they often involve wizards and fairy creatures, miracles happen. Yes, and in more "adult" books there is a noticeable element of fabulousness.

The Alice book series is both the most popular and the most controversial. Critics have repeatedly pointed out that early stories and the tales of Alice were much stronger than those that followed. IN later books there is a touch of "seriality", there are repetitions of plot moves, there is no lightness. This is understandable: it is impossible for almost forty years on the same high level constantly write about the same characters. Bulychev himself said more than once in an interview that he did not want to write about Alice anymore. But the character turned out to be stronger than the author: Alisa Selezneva became the same "eternal hero" as Sherlock Holmes of Conan Doyle, and Kir Bulychev periodically returned to her again. The last story about Alice - "Alice and Alicia", was completed by the author in 2003, shortly before his death.

Great Guslyar

Doctor Pavlysh

Space fantasy, traditional for the Soviet science fiction, novels and stories with various plots, telling about the flights of earthlings into space, to other planets and about their adventures there. The cycle unites one common hero- Dr. Vladislav Pavlysh, space doctor. The prototype was the doctor Vladislav Pavlysh from the ship "Segezha" (Bulychev gave the same name to one of spaceships, on which Dr. Pavlysh flew in the books), with whom the writer sailed across the Arctic Ocean. This cycle is not, strictly speaking, a series, it was not created "under the hero." Just in written in different time and on different topics"cosmic" works meet the same person, and in some works he acts as the main character, in others - as a narrator, in others - simply as one of many characters. Published nine works, including famous novel"Village "; some of them came out in parts and under different names. The story "Thirteen Years of the Road" is the first work from the cycle about Dr. Pavlysh.

Andrew Bruce

Andrei Bruce, an agent of the Space Fleet, is a character in two works - “KF Agent” and “Witch Dungeon”. During his travels on the affairs of the interplanetary space agency, the hero is faced with the need to show real, genuine courage and determination. In the first novel, Andrei Bruce is faced with a conspiracy on the planet Pe-U, in the realities of which Myanmar, familiar to the author, is recognized. The second novel - "Dungeon of the Witches" (filmed in 1989, the role of Bruce was played by Sergey Zhigunov), is dedicated to the consequences of an amazing experiment to accelerate the evolution of an animal and flora, And social development people who were held on one distant planet by unknown representatives of a highly developed civilization. The works dedicated to Andrei Bruce are written in a tough, authentic manner, with special attention paid to moral and social issues.

Intergalactic Police

A series of books about the adventures of InterGalactic Police agent Cora Orvat. The duration of the action approximately corresponds to the duration of the books about Alisa Selezneva. Cora - a girl found in space, was brought up in a boarding school for unusual foundlings, then was recruited to work in InterGpol by the head of this organization, Commissioner Milodar. The books in this series are fantastic detective stories, in the course of the plot, Cora is engaged in solving crimes and unraveling various mysteries. According to the writer himself, Kora Orvat is a kind of "grown-up version of Alisa Selezneva." At the same time, Cora differs markedly from Alice in character. IN later works Cora and Alice sometimes intersect, which is why there is an involuntary reference to Fenimore Cooper - in his novel The Last of the Mohicans, the two heroines-sisters are also called Cora and Alice. The cycle also intersects with the cycle about the Great Guslar, and in the story "Mirror of Evil" the heroine visits Ligon late XVIII century.

Institute of Expertise

A small series of stories about a certain scientific laboratory engaged in the study of extraordinary phenomena and making fantastic discoveries. The heroes of this cycle are also found in the Shadow Theater cycle.

Shadow play

Series of three books: "View of the battle from above", " Old year”, “Operation“ Viper ””, which describe the adventures of heroes in a certain parallel, “shadow” or “lower” world, existing side by side with our ordinary one. This world is very similar to ours, but almost deserted. Under certain circumstances, people from here can go there and live there. Someone just lives, and someone immediately finds a way to turn a parallel world into a source of enrichment and satisfaction of the thirst for power. Heroes, common with the "Institute of Expertise" cycle, are trying to explore this world. The protagonist Georgy Alekseevich (Garik) Gagarin is an archaeologist, an alien foundling by origin - found on April 12 in the forest.

Chronos River

Originally a series of four novels: "Heir", "Storm of Dulber", "Return from Trebizond", "Assassination". The cycle also includes the novels "Reserve for Academicians", "Baby Frey" and several detective novels and short stories written separately. In the cycle, sustained in the genre of alternative history, possible alternative scenarios for the development of the history of Russia are considered. The heroes of the cycle - Andrey Berestov and Lidochka Ivanitskaya - get the opportunity to travel in time through parallel worlds and witness such events of alternative history as the liberation royal family Kolchak after the revolution of 1917 ("Storm of Dulber"), development nuclear weapons in the USSR in 1939 (“Reserve for Academicians”) and even the revival of Lenin as a baby in the 1990s (“Baby Frey”). Several detective, non-fiction novels adjoin the cycle: “Sleep, beauty”, “They don’t kill such people”, “House in London”.

Veryovkin

The events of the works of this cycle take place in the city of Verevkin, which, unlike Guslyar, is not at all cheerful.

List of works

• Cauldron (1992)
• Extra twin (1997)
• The Future Starts Today (1998)
• In the Claws of Passion (1998)
• Cinderella in the Market (1999)
• Plague on Your Field (1999)
• Genius and Villainy (2000)

Ligon

The action of the novels of the dilogy: "The other day an earthquake in Lygon" and " naked people takes place in the fictional country of Lygon in Southeast Asia. The prototype was Burma, where the author spent several years. The name Ligon also bears the capital of one of the states of the planet Muna in the story " Last war».

Off-cycle stories and novels

These include a number of significant works.

• The story "Crane in Hands" (1976) describes the life parallel world, where there is a protracted feudal war in which people living in our world interfere.
• In the story "The Abduction of the Sorcerer" (1979), a group of aliens from the future, who have penetrated our time, are trying to save and take to their future an outstanding scientist who lived 700 years before our time, who will inevitably die in the distant Middle Ages. A witness and participant in their work is a modern girl Anna who accidentally found herself in the center of events (the time of action and realities correspond to the moment the story was written). In the story, the question of "genius and villainy" arises in the most acute form. The story is characterized by another feature: it published the text for the first time, which was later published separately under the title "Commemoration of the 20th century." It lists fictional geniuses by the author, with early childhood allegedly showing absolutely outstanding abilities in the arts and sciences, including independently repeating, often in a completely inappropriate environment, the greatest scientific theories, but not becoming known due to their death, usually violent, in childhood or adolescence. "Commemoration of the 20th century" is a symbol of the fragility of talent and genius. The story was filmed as a television play (1981) and a film (1989) of the same name.
• The story "Someone else's memory" (1981) tells about complex moral conflicts, the beginning of which was the experiment of the Soviet scientist Rzhevsky, who created his own clone. A younger clone begins to understand the affairs of the twenty-year-old original.
• The City Above (1986), a novel about the adventures of a group of archaeologists on a dead planet, on which, after a devastating war, the remnants of the population continue to live in a huge underground city. The novel describes the tragedy of the inhabitants underground city ruled by a military-industrial oligarchy. The plot of underground travel was repeatedly used by Bulychev in such works as "We need a free planet", "Underground boat", "Shelter" and "Beloved".
• The story "Death One Floor Below" (1989) describes ecological catastrophe in a small provincial Soviet city, which the city leadership is trying in every possible way to hide. The action takes place in the era of perestroika. The author devotes many pages to the analysis of conformism and dissidence of that era.
• The novel "The Secret of Urulgan" (1991), written in the "retro" style, is dedicated to the amazing and terrible events, which began with the fact that one young Englishwoman comes to pre-revolutionary Siberia to search for her father, an explorer of the Arctic, who went missing. Travelers, moving along the Lena, arrive at the site of the fall of the Urulgan meteorite, which turned out to be an alien ship with a frozen alien inside.
• The novel "Favorite" (1993), which takes place a hundred years after the conquest of the Earth by non-humanoid aliens (huge reptiles), is dedicated to the complex and, at times, ambiguous relationships that have developed among the remnants of earthlings with invaders: people become pets (a vivid analogy to relations between man and dog), they are walked on a leash, mated for offspring and even arrange real fights. But there is still a resistance intent on throwing off the alien oppression.
• Novel "Refuge". The first novel of the planned cycle, a kind of answer to Harry Potter, however, the death of the writer left the series unfinished, and the novel "Vault" itself was released in 2004, when Bulychev was no longer alive. In the novel, the boy Seva has to save the magical people, consisting of characters from fairy tales. Magic people there is no place in our world, and they intend to build a shelter underground, Seva will have to scout a place for a future settlement.

Off-cycle stories

Kir Bulychev wrote a large number of fantasy stories, representing independent works. The first of these was "When the Dinosaurs Died", first published in the second issue of The Seeker magazine for 1967. Some of them were originally published in various popular science journals, such as Chemistry and Life or Knowledge is Power. The main author's collections of stories are Miracles in Guslar (1972), which included not only guslar stories, People as People (1975), Summer Morning (1979), Coral Castle (1990), To whom it is need to?" (1991).

Dramaturgy

Kir Bulychev wrote several plays, some of which - at the request of director Andrei Rossinsky for production at the Laboratory Theater. He wrote some plays on purpose: "Crocodile in the Yard", "Night as a Reward", some were obtained from revised stories: "Comrade D." and “Misfire-67”, and the play “Name Day of Mrs. Vorchalkina” is a reworking of the play of the same name by Empress Catherine the Great.

Other

The total number of published scientific and popular science works published under the real name is several hundred. For the most part these are works on history (“7 and 37 wonders”, “Killer women”, “Arthur Conan Doyle and Jack the Ripper”, “1185”), oriental studies (“Aun San”), and literary criticism (“Stepdaughter of the era” - about science fiction of the 20s and 30s), as well as the autobiographical book How to Become a Science Fiction Writer, published in special and popular magazines. In addition, more than six hundred poems and several dozen miniature stories came out from Bulychev's pen. The book "The West Wind - Clear Weather" popularly describes the events of the Second World War in Southeast Asia.

In addition to creating own works Bulychev translated books by foreign authors into Russian. Published in translations by Kir Bulychev are works (mostly fantastic) by Isaac Asimov, Ben Bova, Jorge Luis Borges, Anthony Bucher, E. Vinnikov and M. Martin, R. Harris, Graham Green, Sprague de Camp, H. Koepke, Arthur. Clarke, Cyril Cornblata, Ursuly Le Guin, Myy Seyn, W. Powers, on HLA, Frederick Paul, Parl Aun, Mac Reynolds, Clifford Saymak, M. Saint-Claire, Georges Simenon, Theodore Starjon, T. Thomas, J. White, D. Wandry, Robert Heinlein, L. Hughes, D. Schmitz, Piers Anthony. Also as a student, together with a classmate Bulychev, wanting to earn money, he translated Lewis Carroll's fairy tale " Alice in Wonderland" (since they considered that this fairy tale, which was not popularized in the USSR until the 60s, had not been translated into Russian before) , however, the publisher said that the book had been translated for a long time and repeatedly, and the book was not published.

Screen adaptations

Kir Bulychev is the most sought-after Soviet and Russian science fiction filmmaker. More than 20 films have been shot based on his works and original scripts, as well as television series and episodes of the television anthology "This  fantastic world". For most of his film adaptations, Bulychev wrote the scripts himself.

Bulychev's most famous film adaptations are the cartoons "The Secret of the Third Planet", "The Pass" and "Alice's Birthday", the television miniseries "Guest from the Future", full-length feature films“Misfire”, “Throw, or Everything began on Saturday”, “Through thorns to stars”, “Dungeon witch”, “Tears drip”, “Purple ball”, “Island rusty general”, etc.

The vast majority of Bulychev's film adaptations were filmed in Soviet time. After the collapse of the USSR, only three film adaptations were released.

Prizes and awards

• USSR State Prize (1982)
• In 1997, in Yekaterinburg, Kir Bulychev was awarded the prize of the All-Russian Aelita Prize for his contribution to science fiction.
• In 2002, as part of the Aelita fantasy festival popular writer became the first cavalier of the "Order knights fantasy"  them. I. Khalimbadzhi.
• In 2004, Kir Bulychev was awarded the Russian Literary Prize named after Alexander Green (posthumously) for a series of stories about Alice Selezneva.

Memorial Prize. Kira Bulycheva

Immediately after the writer's death, the If magazine, a member Creative Council whom long years was Kir Bulychev, the Memorial Prize was established to them. Kira Bulycheva. It has been awarded since 2004 for the high literary level and humanity shown in the work. The award itself is a miniature bronze typewriter - a symbol of the writer's work. The jury consists of two employees of "If", all members of the Creative Council of the magazine and four genre critics. IN different years Memorial Prize winners Kira Bulycheva became:

Other aliases

Notes

1. chetvergvecher: Kirill Bulychev. "Girl from Earth"
2. Kir Bulychev
3. SNAC-2010.

Nickname - Kir Bulychev.

Real name - Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko. Born October 18, 1934 in Moscow, died September 5, 2003. Soviet science fiction writer, orientalist, falerist, screenwriter. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1982).

Nickname formed from the name of the wife of Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya and the maiden name of the writer's mother, Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva.

Initially pseudonym Igor Vsevolodovich was "Kirill Bulychev". Subsequently, the name "Kirill" on the covers of books began to be abbreviated - "Kir.", And then the period was also shortened, and it turned out. There was also a combination of Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev. The writer kept his real name secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious occupation, and was afraid that after disclosure alias will be fired.

In addition to the main alias, Igor Vsevolodovich used several more: Igor Vsevolodovich Vsevolodov, Nikolai Lozhkin, Lev Mints.

And the very first fantastic work - the story "Debt of hospitality", was published as "a translation of the story of the Burmese writer Maun Sein Ji." Bulychev subsequently used this name several more times.

Interestingly, few people could call him by his patronymic, and if someone wanted to talk to the writer on the street, then Kir-Kirych usually turned to him.

Igor Vsevolodovich was born in the family of Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko and Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva.

Father, Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, a native of the Belarusian-Lithuanian gentry Mozheiko of the Trumpet coat of arms.

Mother was the daughter of an officer, Colonel Mikhail Bulychev, a fencing teacher in the First Cadet Corps, and before the revolution she studied at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens.

In the 1930s, Vsevolod Nikolaevich left his family. Stepfather, Yakov Isaakovich Bokinnik, a chemist, died at the front in 1945.

After graduating from school, Igor, according to the Komsomol order, entered the Moscow state institute foreign languages named after Maurice Thorez, from which he graduated in 1957. For two years he worked in Burma as a translator and correspondent for APN, in 1959 he returned to Moscow and entered the postgraduate course at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He wrote historical and geographical essays for the magazines "Around the World" and "Asia and Africa Today".

In 1962 he graduated from graduate school, since 1963 he worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies, specializing in the history of Burma. In 1965 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "The Pagan State (XI-XIII centuries)", in 1981 - his doctoral dissertation on the topic "The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma". In the scientific community, he is known for his works on the history of Southeast Asia.

Several dozen books have been published, the total number of published works is hundreds. In addition to writing his own works, he was engaged in the translation into Russian of fantastic works by American writers.

More than twenty works have been screened, in particular, based on the story “One Hundred Years Ahead” (1977), a five-episode film “Guest from the Future” was shot - one of the most popular children's films in the USSR in the mid-1980s. In 1982, he won the State Prize of the USSR for the scripts for the feature film Through Hardships to the Stars and the full-length cartoon The Secret of the Third Planet. At the presentation of the State Prize and was disclosed pseudonym, however, the expected dismissal did not take place.

He also acted as an editor in fantasy magazines “Noon. XXI century” and “If”.

Winner of the Aelita Science Fiction Award (1997). Knight of the Order of the Knights of Science Fiction (2002).

His wife is a science fiction writer, artist, illustrator of his books, translator, architect by education, daughter - Alisa Lyutomskaya (Mozheiko) (born 1960) - architect, Alisa Selezneva is named after her, grandson Timofey is a student at Moscow Architectural Institute.

On October 18, 1934, the famous Soviet science fiction writer, playwright and screenwriter Kir Bulychev (real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko) was born. The history of the writer's family could become a plot for a fascinating book.

The writer's father, Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, was from the Belarusian-Lithuanian gentry Mozheiko. After October revolution When he was barely 15 years old, he left home and, hiding his noble origin, got a job as an apprentice at a factory. In 1922, at the age of 17, he arrived in Petrograd, where he worked as a mechanic and studied at the workers' faculty. After he entered the law faculty of the university, he simultaneously worked in a trade union. Once inspecting the Hammer pencil factory, he met worker Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva there, whom he married in 1925. In the future, the father of Igor Vsevolodovich held prominent positions in the Soviet state.

Mother was also from an intelligent family and before the revolution she studied at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. Her father, Colonel Mikhail Bulychev, was a fencing instructor in the First Cadet Corps.

After the revolution, the former college girl became an orphan. In 1921, when she was 16 years old, Maria Mikhailovna's adoptive mother died. The girl earned a living as a sparring partner on the courts during the NEP, was a worker at the Hammer factory, worked as a driver, graduated from the road institute. And then she entered the Academy. Voroshilov, after which in 1933 she received the title of military engineer of the 3rd rank and was assigned to the post of commandant of the Shlisselburg fortress, which then housed an ammunition depot. But after the birth of her son, Maria Mikhailovna left the military service.

Before World War II, the parents of the future writer divorced and his mother remarried a prominent scientist in the field of photographic technology, Doctor of Chemical Sciences Yakov Isaakovich Bokinik, who was from Odessa. IN new family the younger sister of the future science fiction writer Natalya was born. But the quiet life of the new family was interrupted by the war. Stepfather Igor Vsevolodovich went to the front and died in Courland 2 days before the Victory, on May 7, 1945. And the writer's mother during the war served as head of the airborne school in the city of Chistopol.

Wife, writer, Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya, an architect by education. She also wrote fantastic works, and also drew well and was an illustrator of her husband's books. In 1960, the couple had a daughter, Alice, named by her parents in honor of the heroine of Lewis Carroll's fairy tale Alice in Wonderland. And then the name of his daughter, Kir Bulychev "gave" the heroine of his works - Alisa Selezneva.

My father named his heroine after me, Alisa Vsevolodovna later recalled. - It's memorable because it's rare. And Selezneva is my grandmother's maiden name. My father liked to "borrow" names for his heroes from relatives and friends.

Having started writing fiction, Igor Vsevolodovich came up with a pseudonym for himself, because he was afraid that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies (where he worked at that time) might fire him for this “frivolous” occupation. The writer signed most of his books with the pseudonym "Kirill Bulychev", which was formed from the name of his wife and the maiden name of the writer's mother. After some time, the name "Kirill" on the covers of books began to be written in abbreviated form - "Kir.". And then the period was “reduced”, and this is how the now famous “Kir Bulychev” turned out. There was also a combination of Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev. The writer concealed his real name until 1982.

Everything was revealed when I was awarded the State Prize for my fantastic work, and this was reported in Pravda, ”Igor Vsevolodovich told in an interview about how his “incognito” was revealed. - Here the party organizers fussed, ran - at the Institute of Emergency: how is it, the researcher is engaged in such frivolous writings. We went to the director, and then Primakov, the current prime minister, was our leader. He asks the head of the department: “Is he fulfilling the plan?” "Performs ..." "Well, let it continue to work!"

In 1962 he completed postgraduate studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Since 1963 he worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1965 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Pagan State (XI-XIII centuries)". In 1981 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the theme "The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma".

IN scientific world known for his work on the history of Southeast Asia.

The writer's first science-fiction publications were the hoax story "Debt of Hospitality" (1965; published as a translation, the author is "Maung Sein Gee, a Burmese prose writer") and a selection of short stories "The Girl Whom Nothing Would Happen to" (1965). Tales of adventure on earth and in space Girls XXI centuries of Alisa Selezneva, with whom Bulychev made his debut in science fiction, laid the foundation for long series, which brought the author considerable success and popularity among teenage readers. The stories about Alice, first published in various anthologies (and repeatedly reprinted), were collected in the collections "The Girl from the Earth" (1974), "One Hundred Years Ahead" (1978), "A Million Adventures" (1982), "The Girl from the Future" ( 1984), "Fidget" (1985), "Prisoners of the Asteroid" (1988), "Alice's New Adventures" (1990).

Kira Bulychev is characterized by a craving for creating cycles of works, united by heroes, plot basis, common idea and style. Another cycle of the writer's works is the town of Veliky Guslyar. It has its own geographical prototype - Veliky Ustyug. Bulychev came up with about 70 stories and stories about the Great Guslyar and its inhabitants, which were partially combined into the collection Miracles in Guslyar (1972).

The series about Alice organically adjoins the cycle of novels about the comic Dr. Pavlysh, the prototype of which was Vladislav Pavlysh, the ship's doctor on the dry-cargo ship Segezha. The cycle includes one of the best early stories Bulychev "The Snow Maiden" (1973), the novels "The Great Spirit and the Fugitives" (1972), "The Law for the Dragon" (1975) and the novel "The Last War" (1970) - one of the few in Soviet literature works that describe the consequences nuclear war albeit on a different planet.

The works of the short form were collected in the collections "People as People" (1975), " Summer morning"(1979), "Pass" (1983), "Kidnapping of the Sorcerer" (1989), "Coral Castle" (1990).

Fantastic elements are also contained in a number of historical and adventure books by Bulychev - the story "The Sword of General Bandula" (1968) and the novel "An Earthquake in Ligon the other day" (1980).

In the 1990s, the writer tried to significantly expand the subject matter of his works. Bulychev's collection "Apology" (1990) includes stories of various levels and topics. He wrote detective stories (mini-cycle "Lydia Berestova"), poems, plays.

Beginning in 1989, Bulychev worked on a large novel, The Chronos River, the first parts of which were published in 1993-1994. The novel developed into the "Chronos" cycle, consisting of several novels.

Bulychev also actively published literary critical publications - essays, afterwords, journalistic articles on history and issues fantasy literature or the work of individual writers. In a number of critical works, the historical-critical essay "The Stepdaughter of the Epoch" (1989) stands out, which is an outline for a book that tells about the dramatic fate of the Soviet science fiction during its formation (1917-1940); also an essay on the life and work of the outstanding American writer Robert Heinlein, a series of afterwords to collections of foreign writers.

He translated fantastic works of English and American writers into Russian.

All the fairy tales and fiction of Igor Mozheiko were written under the pseudonyms Kir (Kirill) Bulychev and some others (Nikolai Lozhkin, Lev Khristoforovich Mints, Yuri Mitin), under his last name he wrote only popular science works and acted as a researcher. In 1982, the pseudonym was revealed due to the fact that the writer received the State Prize for the screenplay for the films "The Secret of the Third Planet" and "Through Hardships to the Stars".

More than 20 Bulychev's works have been screened, in particular, based on the story "One Hundred Years Ahead" (1977), a five-episode film "Guest from the Future" was made - one of the most popular children's films in the USSR in the mid-1980s.

Kir Bulychev was the winner of the Aelita-97 science fiction prize, in 2004 he posthumously became the winner of the sixth international award in the field of science fiction literature named after Arkady and Boris Strugatsky ("ABS-Prize") in the nomination "Criticism and Publicism" for a series of essays "The Stepdaughter of the Epoch".

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources