The symbol of any state expresses the sovereignty of the country, the unity of the people. It not only acts as a source of national pride, but also has practical value. The symbol of the state is placed on banknotes, coins, forms, seals and in other places where necessary.
World practice
In every country in one or another historical period, the question of state symbols inevitably arose. The insignia of countries should represent sovereignty, regardless of the change of dynasties and governments. In states where the monarchical form of government has been preserved, the symbols have not changed since ancient times. Such countries, for example, include Spain, Denmark, Luxembourg, Great Britain. A number of republics do the same: Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and so on. However, there are also countries in which monarchical symbols are not used in principle. So, for example, in Italy, France, it was replaced by a new, more modern one.
Names of symbols of the state
In the Russian Federation, there are three main signs:
- Coat of arms.
- Hymn.
- Flag.
The symbol of the state must have an official status. This means that it must be not only publicly known, but also approved at the government level. For example, what is not a symbol of the state on official level? Everyone knows the Volga River. It can act as a symbol of the state, but at the national level. Or, for example, the Kremlin. His image can be found quite often, but it is not used on official documents, international treaties. The same applies to other countries. So, for example, on the coins of France, a female figure is depicted, personifying the state. Another traditional sign of this country is the Gallic rooster. The clover leaf is a famous symbol of Ireland. The Eiffel Tower, the Colosseum, the Tower Bridge, the Congress building in America are also considered national signs. 
Symbol of the formation of a unified Moscow state
After the division of Kievan Rus, a conglomerate of independent principalities was formed. They did not have their own symbols. Nevertheless, the princes used a certain set of images on coins and seals. These signs were designed to exalt their power and authority. Most often these were images of animals: lions, griffins, eagles, and so on. Church symbols were also quite common at that time. Often one could meet images of Christ, various saints, the Mother of God, the cross.
From the end of the 15th century, the active formation of a unified centralized state. In this regard, it became necessary to create a new symbol. First of all, he was supposed to reflect the unity of the country, as well as to personify the power of the great Moscow prince, who from 1547 was called the king. Such a sign at that distant time was the double-headed eagle. It was first used in 1497 and was present on the seal of Ivan the Third. After the reforms of Peter, who first proclaimed himself emperor, other symbols of the Muscovite state appeared. The appearance of the eagle, as well as its color, has been somewhat changed. Subsequently, it was periodically refined. Peter introduced the naval and commercial flags for the first time. They existed until the Revolution of 1917. Before the arrival of the Bolsheviks, the country's coat of arms, the double-headed eagle, also survived.
The Bolsheviks who came to power tried with all their might to emphasize the break with the past, with all the attributes of a monarchical system. This also applies to heraldry. In this regard, in the USSR, not a single symbol of the state had any connection with previous signs. The emblems of labor became distinctive signs: ears of corn, a hammer and a sickle. The flag of the state became red, it depicted a five-pointed star, personifying the victory of communism on all five continents. After the collapse of the Union, the question of the distinctive signs of the country again arose. As a result, the former symbols of the state of Russia returned - a white-blue-red banner and a coat of arms depicting an eagle. The latter only changed colors.
Coat of arms
All symbols of the state of Russia have certain meaning. This also applies to the coat of arms of the country. First of all, it should be said that this identification mark is compiled in accordance with certain heraldic rules. This symbol of the state is a combination of shapes and colors. The coat of arms performs the function of identifying the country with the help of visual means. Simply put, this symbol of the state has the same purpose as the name. Only the latter is a speech form, and the coat of arms is a pictorial one. 
The legislative framework
The main normative document in the Russian Federation is the Constitution. It states that there are certain symbols Russian state. Among them, in particular, is the coat of arms. The law establishes the rules for the use of this symbol. In pursuance of the norms that are provided for in the constitutional provision on the coat of arms of the country, various legal acts - Federal regulations, Orders and Decrees of the President, decrees of federal bodies regulate and clarify various issues on the use of the coat of arms of the state and its protection. Modern legislation on this symbol has existed since 1993. During the entire period of its existence, it is constantly supplemented and improved.
Banner
The state flag is a material sign. It looks like a piece of cloth or other material that can flutter in the wind. The flag has a certain shape and color. In the Russian Federation, a combination of three colors is used - white, blue and red. They are shown as horizontal stripes. hallmark flag is that it is intended for use in open space and must be recognized at a considerable distance. 
Historical reference
After elections were held in March 1990 people's deputies, the "Democratic Russia" movement formed the Commission. She drafted proposals for constitutional amendments and a Declaration of Sovereignty. Among the proposed adjustments was the change of the national flag. IN new edition Art. 181 it was assumed that it would be a three-color panel with horizontal stripes of the same width: scarlet - lower, blue - middle, white - upper. However, these amendments were not adopted at the Congress. By a majority vote, the deputies decided to remove the new flags installed on the tables of some people's deputies. In the press at that time they were called "royal symbols".
In November 1990, the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution on the organization of work on the formation of new symbols of the country. This task was entrusted to the Committee for archival affairs. Based on the results of consideration of proposals, it was recommended to restore the tricolor flag. It was decided, however, to postpone the submission of bills to the Supreme Court until the end of the presidential election campaign. Accordingly, during July and August 1991, a proposed description of the flag of Russia - a white-blue-red flag - was included in the draft of the new Constitution.
Regulatory Framework
The main legislative acts on the state flag of the Russian Federation are the Constitution and the Federal Law. They approve it and establish the order of its use. As in the case of the coat of arms, the legislation has existed since 1991, supplemented and improved throughout the entire period. 
Hymn
He is musical symbol states. Melody and words are inextricably linked with the socio-political system of the country. It is designed to identify musical means. In the system of symbols of the country, the anthem occupies a special place. It is considered the most accessible to the public and the most understandable sign. It is not always possible to use the emblem or flag, the name of the country sounds on different languages differently. The anthem is always in the memory of a person, he knows and remembers the melody and words. If it is necessary to demonstrate nationality, a citizen can do this by singing the anthem of his country. 
Legislation
The main regulatory documents that regulate the use and protection of the anthem are the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant Federal Law. Various legal acts, including Decrees and Orders of the President, Government Decrees and other regulations, clarify and regulate all issues related to the anthem, as well as its protection.
What is a symbol? Translated from the Greek language, this word means a sign, a sign inherent in something specific. But not everything that surrounds a person has symbolic meaning. Falling snow is a sign of winter, and drops from the roofs mean the approach of spring. But these phenomena are not symbols. The latter carry a deeper, philosophical meaning.
We all know very well that the dove is a symbol of peace, and a pair of white swans symbolizes love and fidelity. Different countries also have their own signs and signs. They are official and unofficial. The official ones include state symbols: coat of arms, flag and anthem. When did they first appear? What do they stand for?
What plants are symbols of the countries of the world? What were the first flags made of and what was depicted on the first Russian coat of arms? Next, consider the most interesting and unusual symbols of countries and cities of the world. But first, a little history lesson.
distant past
One of the important symbols emphasizing the uniqueness of the country is the coat of arms. He appeared the very first of the other official signs. Slavs who lived in the VI-VIII centuries. AD, with various ornaments separated areas. A seal depicting a falcon can be considered a prototype of the oldest coat of arms. These belonged to the great Russian princes. Any documents were certified with a seal so that any person, even an uneducated person, could appreciate the importance of such paper.
The first Russian coat of arms was a coin depicting George the Victorious. In the middle of the 15th century, a double-headed eagle appeared. His image was present on the royal seal and on the coin.
Pole, banners, banners, flags
At all times, people communicated with the help of symbols, thanks to them, belonging to a certain clan-tribe was indicated. Roman legionnaires, speaking on campaigns, carried a pole with a pennant. They could put images of gods on them, various symbols. With their help, soldiers during the battle could determine where the enemy army was located.
The first flags appeared in China and Egypt, their history, therefore, has about 3000 years. They became troops, territories, and then states. They were called differently: standard, banner, manipulus, banner. The speech of the troops, military battles, military parade, oath - all these events cannot be imagined without the use of such symbols. Banners could be decorated with fringes, ribbons, tassels. They could have various inscriptions, mottos. To carry the banner in battle was considered very honorable, and to lose it meant to say goodbye to honor and to one's life.
Types of flags of Russia
In Rus', the first banners appeared in the X century. Most often, the Savior Not Made by Hands was depicted on the cloth.
The national flag appeared at the end of the 17th century, during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. On a huge panel of fabric there were three stripes of white, red and blue, and in the middle - an image of a double-headed eagle. Subsequently, commercial ships begin to sail under this flag, and trade with foreign countries is carried out.
Andrew's flag. A blue cross is depicted on a white cloth. Ships sailed under this banner. It appeared at the end of the 17th century and began to be considered the flag of the Russian fleet. Later, panels of three colors appeared. White - belonged to the admiral's ships, blue - to the vice admiral, and red - to the rear admiral. In 1992, the St. Andrew's flag was returned to its status, and now the flag white color with a blue cross represents the strength and power of the Russian fleet.
In 1858, the royal standard appeared. A black eagle was depicted on a yellow background. It was raised in the places where the king was.
After October revolution The Red Banner of the RSFSR appeared. It depicted a sickle, a hammer, a red star.
Since 1993, the flag of Russia has become the way we all know it. Three identical stripes of different colors: white, blue, red.
Flags of the countries of the world
There are about 250 of them in total. Each of them is unique. Having information about color symbolism flag, you can tell a lot about the country. In ancient times, the most popular colors were white, black and red. What do some flag colors say?
- White - purity of thoughts, innocence, truthfulness.
- Black - sadness, wisdom, modesty.
- Red - courage, strength, revolutionary spirit.
- Blue - the sea, tranquility, greatness.
- Green - in Muslim countries is considered the color of Islam.
Symbols different countries worlds can have different meanings.
National symbols countries of the world are sometimes very unusual. Take, for example, flags. All of them look like a rectangle, which depicts symbols of different countries of the world. But there are exceptions. We bring to your attention the most interesting of them in form and content.
- The shape of the flag of the state of Nepal is pentagonal. But many call it "half tree". At the top of the flag is a drawing of the sun, and at the bottom - the moon. The combination of these symbols indicates that the country will live and prosper forever, just as these heavenly bodies are eternal.
- The Swiss flag is square in shape. A large white cross is painted on the red cloth. The flag of the International Committee of the Red Cross is its descendant, only in this case the cross is red and the fabric is white.
- The flag of the Vatican is also square. The base is two identical stripes of yellow and white, the latter shows the coat of arms of the country - two keys to Paradise and Rome, and above them -
- The flag of Portugal depicts an astronomical instrument. He is a symbol geographical discoveries countries.
- The temple of Angkor Wat is depicted on This is also a kind of sign of uniqueness, because usually the symbols of the countries of the world do not contain images of religious buildings.
- Russia's modern weapon - a Kalashnikov assault rifle - adorns the flag of Mozambique. There are no other paintings like this anywhere else.
- The coat of arms depicting a chessboard distinguishes Croatia. On the red, white and blue stripes of the flag, we can see the favorite symbol of chess players from all over the world.
- The outlines of Cyprus can be seen not only on geographical maps, but also on the white cloth of the state of the same name.
- A beautiful spectacle of the starry sky appears before our eyes on the flag of Brazil. All of it, of course, did not fit, only a part: 27 stars, according to the number of states in the country.
- There is nothing unusual in the Norwegian flag, at first glance. But this is a misleading impression. Part of this flag was painted ... by a child.
- does not use any signs on its cloth. The green flag represents the state religion of the country - Islam.
The history of the creation of the coat of arms
Symbols of the countries of the world have a rich history, rooted in antiquity. The tradition of creating a coat of arms begins with totems. This word means "kind". The Indians were the first to use totems. Each tribe chose an animal or plant for itself, the image of which was applied to fabric, personal items, sometimes even to the human body. By these signs it was possible to determine belonging to a particular tribe.
Crusades and jousts in Western Europe contributed to the widespread use of coats of arms. They acted primarily as identification marks. In one of Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak's poems there are the following lines:
That was the old custom,
So that from the state emblems
The animal face threatened the neighbors
Baring all your teeth.
The first coat of arms of Russia also depicted a bird of prey - a two-headed eagle. This image is still present on it.
Animals on the emblems of the world
Since ancient times, people have treated them with great respect. Animals were idolized, they were worshiped. Images were present on dishes, clothes, weapons. They were believed to bring good luck and prosperity.
Animal symbols of the countries of the world are quite diverse:
- The lion is one of the oldest and most popular images. It personifies strength, fearlessness, dexterity. The symbol can be found on the emblems of Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Spain, Bulgaria, India and others.
- Kangaroo - lives in Australia, so it takes pride of place on the coat of arms of this country. It symbolizes forward movement, as these animals do not jump back.
- The image of a cow is on the coat of arms of Andorra.
- The leopard symbolizes stamina, courage, courage. It can be seen on the coat of arms. Here you can also read the motto of this country: "Brotherhood. Justice. Labor."
- Antelope is present on the coat of arms of the state of Zimbabwe.
Symbols of the countries of the world can be expressed not only with the help of animals. On some coats of arms there are images of plants, objects, natural phenomena, fruits.
Flowers-symbols of the countries of the world
The world of plants is amazing and wonderful. Each country usually has its own flower. His image is even present on some coats of arms:
- Great Britain - rose, clover and thistle.
- Mexico, Malta - cactus.
- Guyana is a water lily.
- Antigua and Barbuda - red hibiscus.
Similar symbols of the countries of the world (plants and trees) can also be found on coats of arms.
- Peru - laurel branch.
- Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, Dominican Republic and many other countries - palm tree.
- Australia - eucalyptus.
- Jamaica, Antigua, Barbuda - pineapple.
- Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Turkmenistan - grapes.
The most exotic coat of arms in the world
Dominica is located on an island in the Caribbean. The coat of arms of this country is called the most exotic. Judge for yourself. A blue and yellow shield is held by two Sisseru parrots. Above them is an image of a roaring lion. The shield is divided into four parts.
Each of them contains a certain symbol.
- Boat with a sail - indicates the position in the Caribbean Sea.
- Banana is one of the country's main crops.
- Coconut palm on the island - symbolizes the highest point - the extinct volcano Diabloten, 1447 m).
- The Dominican mountain frog is an endemic animal found only on the islands of Dominica and Montserrat.
At the bottom of the coat of arms is a ribbon with the motto of the country: "After God (the main thing) is the earth."
- Main solemn song Russian Empire"God Save the King!" and "God save the Queen!" Great Britain were very similar. The fact is that the words of the Russian anthem were set to British music. Only after more than ten years another version was written. This time the music was by a Russian composer.
- The longest anthem in the world is the Greek one. Officially, it consists of only two verses, but when it was written, there were more than a hundred verses. Short version sounds at opening and closing Olympic Games.
- The anthem of Armenia is written on the basis of the poem "Song of the Italian girl".
- At one of the international tournaments, an athlete from Kazakhstan took first place. When awarding, instead of the anthem, a song from the film was played, since it was she who appeared in the search engine next to the real anthem of Kazakhstan.
- During the Great Patriotic War In Norway, the Nazis broke into the Philharmonic hall. They were about to grab one of the fiddlers who was Jewish nationality. The musicians began to play the anthem of Norway, and this gave him the opportunity to escape.
Unofficial symbols representing different countries
In addition to official symbols, each state has its own distinctive signs and signs. Among them are the artistic symbols of the countries of the world. Let's remember the most famous:
- In Russia - a samovar, birch, Red Square, the Kremlin.
- In the United States of America - the Statue of Liberty.
- In the UK, Big Ben.
- In France, the Eiffel Tower.
- In Japan, sakura.
- In Egypt, the pyramids.
In addition, there are animal symbols of the countries of the world. Some of them:
- Australia - kangaroo.
- Great Britain - lion.
- Russia is a brown bear.
- Holland is a cow.
- India is a tiger.
- China - panda.
- Canada - beaver.
- Mongolia is a horse.
- Thailand is an elephant.
- New Zealand - kiwi bird.
- Germany - eagle.
State symbols of the countries of the world and other signs emphasize the uniqueness of each state. Respecting the traditions and customs of other peoples, it is necessary to know their symbolism.
Symbols are the most international and timeless language. We see them every day and roughly know what they mean. However, symbols in the course of their thousand-year history could change their meaning to the opposite.
Yin Yang
Appearance time: According to the famous Russian orientalist, Dr. historical sciences Aleksey Maslov, the symbolism of yin-yang may have been borrowed by the Taoists from Buddhists in the 1st-3rd centuries: “they were attracted by Buddhist drawn symbols - and Taoism had its own“ mandala ”: the famous black and white“ fish ”yin and yang.”
Where used: The concept of yin-yang is the key to Taoism and Confucianism, the doctrine of yin-yang is one of the foundations of traditional Chinese medicine.
Values: In the Book of Changes, yang and yin were used to express light and dark, hard and soft. In the process of development of Chinese philosophy, yang and yin increasingly symbolized the interaction of extreme opposites: light and dark, day and night, sun and moon, sky and earth, heat and cold, positive and negative, even and odd, and so on.
Initially, "yin" meant "northern, shady", and "yang" - "southern, sunny slope of the mountain." Later, "yin" was perceived as negative, cold, dark and feminine, and "yang" as positive, bright, warm and masculine.
Being the main (fundamental) model of everything that exists, the concept of yin-yang reveals two provisions that explain the nature of Tao. First, everything is constantly changing. Secondly, opposites complement each other (there can be no black without white, and vice versa). aim human existence thus is the balance and harmony of opposites. There can be no "final victory" because there is nothing final, there is no end as such
Magen David
Appearance time: It is authentically known that the hexagram was widely used in the Bronze Age (end of IV-beginning of III millennium BC) on a vast territory: from India to the Middle East.
Where used: IN ancient india the hexagram was called Anahata or Anahata-chakra. The six-pointed star was known in the ancient Near and Middle East. In the Islamic tradition, in Mecca, the main Muslim shrine - the Kaaba - is traditionally covered with a silk coverlet, which depicts hexagonal stars.
They began to associate the six-pointed star with Jewry only in the Middle Ages, and in medieval Arabic books the hexagram is found much more often than in Jewish mystical works, and for the first time images of the hexagram appear in Jewish sacred books in Muslim countries, only in the XIII century reaching Germany. The six-pointed star is found on the flags of the Muslim states of Karaman and Kandara.
There is an assumption that the hexagram was a family symbol of the family of David al-Roi, who lived in Iran, one of the contenders for the role of Mashiach. This is sometimes used to explain the origin of the accepted name of the hexagram: Magen David, or "David's shield".
The Rothschild family, having received title of nobility, included Magen David in his family coat of arms. Heinrich Heine put a hexagram instead of a signature under his newspaper articles. Subsequently, it was adopted as a symbol of the Zionist movement.
Values: In India, the Anahata hexagram symbolized the attic chakra, the intersection of the male (Shiva) and female (Shakti) principles. In the Middle and Near East, the hexagram was a symbol of the goddess Astarte. The six-pointed star is included in the symbolism of Kabbalah: two triangles superimposed on each other are considered as a visual symbol of the Sefirot.
In the twenties of the twentieth century, Franz Rosenzweig interpreted Magen David as a symbolic expression of his philosophical ideas about the meaning of Judaism and the relationship between Gd, man and the universe.
The connection of the six-pointed star with the Jews was finally established as a result of Nazi policy in Germany. Yellow Magen David has become a symbol of the Holocaust.
Caduceus
Appearance time: The exact time of appearance of the caduceus is unknown. Obviously this is very ancient symbol. It is also found on the monuments of Ancient India and Ancient Egypt, Phoenicia and Sumer, Ancient Greece, Iran, Rome and even Mesoamerica.
Where used: Caduceus - and today one of the most common symbols in heraldry. In the form of a caduceus, there was a rod of heralds among the Greeks and Romans (the rod of Hermes). When they were sent to the enemy camp, the caduceus was a guarantee of their immunity.
In the occult, the caduceus is considered a symbol of the key that opens the limit between darkness and light, good and evil, life and death.
Since the 19th century, the image of the caduceus has often been used in a number of countries (for example, in the USA) as a symbol of medicine, which is the result of a common mistake due to its resemblance to the staff of Asclepius.
The image of the caduceus as an attribute of the god of commerce is traditionally used in the symbols of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry in a number of countries around the world, including Russia.
Before the revolution and in several periods after it, crossed caduceuses were used as a customs emblem.
Today, the caduceus, crossed with a torch, is included in the emblem of the Federal Customs Service and is one of the heraldic symbols of arbitration courts, Federal tax service RF and the State Tax Service of Ukraine. Since September 2007, the caduceus has been used in the emblem of the Russian Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund.
In heraldry, the caduceus was used in the historical emblems of the following cities of the Russian Empire: Balta, Verkhneudinsk, Yeniseisk, Irbit, Nezhin, Taganrog, Telshev, Tiflis, Ulan-Ude, Feodosia, Kharkov, Berdichev, Talny.
Meaning: The stem of the caduceus is symbolically associated with the tree of life, the axis of the world, and the snakes are associated with the cyclical rebirth of Nature, with the restoration of the universal Order when it is violated.
The snakes on the caduceus indicate a hidden dynamic in what is outwardly stable, they symbolize two multidirectional flows (up and down), the connection of heaven and earth, God and man (the wings on the caduceus also indicate the connection of heaven and earth, spiritual and material) - everything that is born on earth comes from heaven and, after will pass the way trials and suffering, will gain life experience, must rise to heaven.
It is said about Mercury that with his staff - which has since been considered a symbol of peace, harmony - he separated two fighting snakes. Fighting snakes are a mess, chaos, they need to be divided, that is, to distinguish, see opposites and unite, overcome them. Then, having united, they will balance the Axis of the world, and around it from Chaos the Cosmos, harmony will be created. Truth is one, and in order to arrive at it, one must follow the straight road, which is symbolized by the axis of the caduceus.
Caduceus in the Vedic tradition is also interpreted as a symbol of Serpent Fire, or Kundalini. Wrapping around the central axis, the snakes are connected at seven points, they are associated with the chakras. Kundalini, Serpent Fire, sleeps in the base chakra, and when it wakes up as a result of evolution, it ascends along the spine along three paths: the central one, Shushumna, and two side ones, which form two intersecting spirals - Pingala (this is the right, masculine and active, spiral) and Ide (left, female and passive).
chrism
Appearance time: It is not known for certain, but researchers suggest that even during the life of the apostles, that is, in the 1st century. This symbol has been found in Christian tombs since the 3rd century AD.
Where used: Most notable use symbol - on the labarum, the state banner of imperial Rome. The symbol was first introduced by Emperor Constantine the Great after he saw the sign of the cross in the sky on the eve of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312).
The labarum of Constantine had a chrysm at the end of the shaft, and on the very cloth there was an inscription: lat. Hoc vince The first mention of the labarum is found in Lactantius (d. c. 320).
Values: Chrism is a monogram of the name of Christ, which consists of two initial Greek letters of the name (Greek ΧΡΙΣΤΌΣ) - Χ (chi) and Ρ (ro), crossed with each other. The Greek letters α and ω are often placed along the edges of the monogram. They go back to the text of the Apocalypse: "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, says the Lord, who is and was and is to come, the Almighty."
A number of later researchers saw in the letters P and X, enclosed in a circle, the ancient pagan symbol of the Sun. For this reason, Protestants, as a rule, do not recognize the labarum as an original Christian symbol.
Appearance time: The symbol itself appeared during the formation of the syllabic alphabet of the Devanagari script (“divine city letter”), that is, in the VIII-XII centuries.
Where used: "Om" as a symbol denoting the sacred sound "Om" is used in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vishnuism, yogic practices. Currently, "Om" has already become part of pop culture, it is applied as a print on clothes, tattoos are made. "Om" is depicted on George Harrison's albums, the mantra "Om" sounds in the chorus of the group's composition The Beatles"Across the Universe" and on the soundtrack to the film "The Matrix" in the Juno Reactor composition "Navras"
Values: In the Hindu and Vedic tradition, "Om" is a sacred sound, the original mantra, the "word of power." Often interpreted as a symbol of the divine triad of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
In Hinduism, "Om" symbolizes the three sacred texts of the Vedas: Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, in itself is a sacred mantra from the very beginning, symbolizing Brahman. Its three components (A, U, M) traditionally symbolize Creation, Maintenance and Destruction - the categories of the cosmogony of the Vedas and Hinduism.
In Buddhism, the three sounds of the word "Om" can represent the Body, Speech and Mind of the Buddha, the Three Bodies of the Buddha (Dharmakaya, Sambhogakaya, Nirmanakaya) and the three jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha). However, the buddhologist Yevgeny Torchinov noted that the syllable "Om" and similar syllables ("hum", "ah", "hri", "e-ma-ho") "do not have any dictionary meaning" and pointed out that these syllables, unlike from other syllables of mantras represent "sacred untranslatability" in the Mahayana tradition.
Ichthys
Time and place of origin: Images of the acronym ΙΧΘΥΣ (from the Greek. Jesus Christ the Son of God the Savior) or the fish symbolizing it first appear in the Roman catacombs in the 2nd century. About widespread use given character testifies to the mention of it by Tertullian at the beginning of the 3rd century: “We are small fish, led by our ikhthus, we are born in the water and can only be saved by being in the water.”
Where used: The acronym Ichthys began to be used by the first Christians, since the images of Christ were unacceptable due to persecution.
Values: The symbolism of the fish was associated in the New Testament with the preaching of the apostles, some of whom were fishermen. Jesus Christ in the Gospel of Matthew called his disciples "fishers of men", and the Kingdom of Heaven likened "a net thrown into the sea and capturing fish of every kind." Ichthys was also associated with Alpha from the words of Jesus Christ: "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last."
At the end of the 20th century, ichthys became popular symbol among Protestants in different countries, and opponents of creationism began to parody this sign by sticking a fish sign with the word "Darwin" and small legs on their cars.
Chalice of Hygiea
Time and place of origin: Ancient Greece. III-I millennium BC
Where used: Hygiea in Greek mythology was the goddess of health, daughter or wife of the god of healing Asclepius. From her name came the word "hygiene". Often she was depicted as a young woman feeding a snake from a phial bowl. In Greek mythology, the snake was also a symbol of the goddess Athena, who was often depicted as Hygea and vice versa.
Values: In ancient Greece, Hygiea personified the principle of a just war for health as light and harmony on all planes. And if Asclepius began to act when the order was violated, then Hygieia maintained the order-law that reigns initially.
The snake in ancient traditions symbolized death and immortality, good and evil. They were personified by her forked tongue, and the poisonousness of her bites, along with the healing effect of the poison, and the ability to hypnotize small animals and birds.
The snake was depicted on the first-aid kit of a Roman military doctor. In the Middle Ages, the combination of images of a snake and a bowl on the emblem was used by pharmacists in the Italian city of Padua, and only later this private pharmaceutical symbol turned into a generally accepted medical sign.
A bowl with a snake in our time is considered a symbol of medicine and pharmacy. However, in the history of medicine in different countries, a snake wrapped around a staff was more often considered the emblem of healing. This image was adopted in the middle of the WHO at the UN at the First World Assembly in Geneva in 1948. Then the international health emblem was approved, in the center of which is placed a staff entwined with a snake.
Rose of Wind
Date of occurrence: The first mention is in 1300 AD, but scientists are sure that the symbol is older.
Where used: Initially, the wind rose was used by the sailors of the Northern Hemisphere.
Meaning: The wind rose is a vector symbol invented in the Middle Ages to help sailors. The wind rose or compass rose also symbolizes the four cardinal directions along with intermediate directions. Thus, she shares the symbolic meaning of the circle, the center, the cross and the rays of the sun wheel. In the XVIII - XX centuries, sailors stuffed tattoos depicting a wind rose as a talisman. They believed that such a talisman would help them return home. Nowadays, the wind rose is perceived as a symbol of a guiding star.
Wheel with 8 spokes
Date of occurrence: about 2000 BC
Where used: Egypt, Middle East, Asia.
Meaning: The wheel is a symbol of the sun, a symbol of cosmic energy. In almost all pagan cults, the wheel was an attribute of the solar gods, it symbolized life cycle, constant rebirth and renewal.
In modern Hinduism, the wheel means endless perfect completion. In Buddhism, the wheel symbolizes the eightfold path of salvation, the cosmos, the wheel of samsara, the symmetry and perfection of dharma, the dynamics of peaceful change, time and destiny.
There is also the concept of "wheel of fortune", which means a series of ups and downs, the unpredictability of fate. In Germany in the Middle Ages, an 8-spoke wheel was associated with Ahtwen, a magical rune spell. In the time of Dante, the Wheel of Fortune was depicted with 8 spokes of opposite sides. human life, periodically repeating: poverty-wealth, war-peace, obscurity-glory, patience-passion. The Wheel of Fortune is included in the Major Arcana of the Tarot, often with an ascending and falling figure, like the wheel described by Boethius. The Wheel of Fortune tarot card continues to depict these figures.
Ouroboros
Date of occurrence: the first images of the ouroboros date back to 4200 BC, but historians believe that the symbol itself arose much earlier.
Where used: Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Mesoamerica, Scandinavia, India, China.
Meaning: Ouroboros is a serpent devouring its own tail, a symbol of eternity and infinity, as well as the cyclical nature of life, the alternation of life and death. This is how the ouroboros was perceived in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.
In Christianity, the symbol changed its meaning, since in the Old Testament the snake symbolized evil. Thus, the ancient Jews established an equal sign between the ouroboros and the serpent from the Bible. In Gnosticism, the ouroboros personifies both good and evil at the same time.
Hammer and sickle
Date of occurrence: in the state heraldry - 1918.
Where used: USSR and various communist parties of the world
Meaning: The hammer has been a craft emblem since the Middle Ages. In the second half of the 19th century, the hammer became a symbol of the European proletariat. In Russian heraldry, the sickle meant harvest and harvest, and was often used in the coats of arms of various cities. But since 1918, these two signs have been combined into one, acquiring a new meaning. The hammer and sickle became a symbol of the ruling working class, the union of workers and peasants.
The moment of the creation of the symbol was described by Sergei Gerasimov, the author of the famous painting “Mother of the Partisan”: “ Standing beside Yevgeny Kamzolkin was with me, thoughtful, and said: - What if we try such symbolism? - At the same time, he began to walk on the canvas. - This is how to depict a sickle - it will be the peasantry, and inside the hammer - it will be the working class.
On the same day, the sickle and hammer were sent from Zamoskvorechye to the Moscow City Council, and all other sketches were rejected there: a hammer with an anvil, a plow with a sword, a scythe with a wrench. Further, this symbol was transferred to the state emblem of the Soviet Union, and the name of the artist was forgotten on long years. They only remembered him in postwar period. Evgeny Kamzolkin lived a quiet life in Pushkino and did not claim royalties for such a quoted symbol.
Lily
Date of occurrence: in heraldry, the lily has been used since 496 AD.
Where used: European countries especially France.
Meaning: According to legend, the king of the Franks Clovis was given a golden lily by an angel after he converted to Christianity. But lilies became an object of reverence much earlier. The Egyptians considered them a symbol of purity and innocence. In Germany, they believed that the lily symbolizes afterlife and atonement for sins. In Europe, before the Renaissance, the lily was a sign of mercy, justice and compassion. She was considered a royal flower. Today, the lily is a well-established sign in heraldry.
Recent studies have shown that the fleur-de-lis, in its classical form, is actually a stylized image of an iris.
Crescent
Date of occurrence: approximately 3500 BC
Where used: crescent crescent was an attribute of almost all lunar deities. It was distributed in Egypt, Greece, Sumer, India, Byzantium. After the conquest of Constantinople by the Muslims, the crescent became strongly associated with Islam.
Meaning: In many religions, the crescent moon symbolizes constant rebirth and immortality. Christians revered the crescent as a sign of the Virgin Mary, and in Western Asia they believed that the crescent of the moon is a sign of cosmic forces. In Hinduism, the crescent was considered a symbol of mind control, and in Islam - divine patronage, growth and rebirth. The crescent with a star meant heaven.
double headed eagle
Date of occurrence: 4000-3000 BC
Where used: Sumer, Hittite kingdom, Eurasia.
Meaning: In Sumer, the double-headed eagle had religious significance. He was solar symbol- one of the images of the sun. Approximately from the XIII century BC. e. the double-headed eagle was used by various countries and principalities as a coat of arms. The double-headed eagle was minted on the coins of the Golden Horde; in Byzantium, it was a symbol of the Palaiologos dynasty, which ruled from 1261 to 1453. The double-headed eagle was depicted on the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire. To this day, this symbol is the central image of the emblems of many countries, including Russia.
Pentacle
Date of occurrence: the first images date back to 3500 BC.
Where used: Since the ancient Sumerians, this sign has been used by almost every civilization
Meaning: The five-pointed star is considered a sign of protection. The Babylonians used it as a talisman against thieves, the Jews associated the five-pointed star with five wounds on the body of Christ, and the magicians medieval Europe the pentacle was known as the "seal of King Solomon". The star is still actively used both in religion and in the symbolism of different countries.
Swastika
Date of occurrence: The first images date back to 8000 BC.
Where used: IN Eastern Europe, Western Siberia, Central Asia, in the Caucasus, in pre-Columbian America. Extremely rare among the Egyptians. Among the ancient monuments of Phoenicia, Arabia, Syria, Assyria, Babylon, Sumer, Australia, Oceania, the swastika was not found.
Meaning: The word "swastika" can be translated from Sanskrit as a greeting and a wish of good luck. The swastika, as a symbol, has a great many meanings, but the most ancient of them are movement, life, the Sun, light, well-being.
Due to the fact that the swastika was used in Nazi Germany, this symbol began to be firmly associated with Nazism, despite the original symbol of the sign.
All-seeing eye
Date of occurrence: 1510-1515 AD, but in pagan religions, a symbol similar to the all-seeing eye appeared much earlier.
Where used: Europe, Asia, Oceania, Ancient Egypt.
Meaning: The all-seeing eye is the sign of the all-seeing and all-knowing god who watches over mankind. In ancient Egypt, the analogue of the All-Seeing Eye was Wadjet (the eye of Horus or the eye of Ra), which symbolized various aspects of the divine structure of the world. The all-seeing eye, inscribed in a triangle, was a symbol of Freemasonry. Freemasons revered the number three as a symbol of the trinity, and the eye, located in the center of the triangle, symbolized the hidden truth.
Cross
Date of occurrence: approximately 4000 BC
Where used: Egypt, Babylon, India, Syria, Persia, Egypt, North and South America. After the birth of Christianity, the cross spread throughout the world.
Meaning: In ancient Egypt, the cross was considered a divine sign and symbolized life. In Assyria, a cross enclosed in a ring was a symbol of the sun god. The inhabitants of South America believed that the cross drives away evil spirits.
From the 4th century, the cross was adopted by Christians, and its meaning has changed somewhat. In the modern world, the cross is associated with death and resurrection, as well as with salvation and eternal life.
Anarchy
The combination "A in a circle" was used as early as the 16th century by European alchemists under the influence of Kabbalistic magic as the first letters of the words: "Alpha and Omega", the beginning and the end.
In the modern tradition, it was first used in the Spanish section of the 1st International as a designation catchphrase famous anarchist J. Proudhon "Anarchy is the mother of order" by capital letters"l'anarchie" and "l'ordre".
Pacific
The famous symbol was designed in 1958 in Britain at the height of the anti- nuclear war as a combination of the symbols of the semaphore alphabet "N" and "D" (the first letters of the phrase "nuclear disarmament" - nuclear disarmament). Later it began to be used as a symbol of universal reconciliation and the unity of mankind.
Card suits
In the classic (and most modern) French deck, the symbols of the suits were four signs - hearts, spades, diamonds, clubs, in the form in which they received mass use.
The oldest European deck - Italian-Spanish, which passed directly from the Arabs, depicted coins instead of tambourines, instead of a spade - a sword, instead of a red heart - a cup, and instead of a clover - a club.
TO modern look signs of suits came by gradual euphemization. Thus, tambourines denoted money as metal rattles (before, tambourines were rhombic in shape), clover was previously an acorn, the shape of a spade resembled leaves, which was reflected in the German deck, and the goblet underwent a complex evolution from the image of a rose to a heart. Each suit symbolized the feudal estates: the merchants, the peasantry, the knights and the clergy, respectively.
16. Anchor
Appearance time: the first centuries of our era.
Where used: Everyone knows the symbol of the anchor as a marine emblem. However, in the early centuries new era the anchor was closely associated with Christianity. For the early Christians, who saw in it the hidden form of the cross, the anchor personified the hope of salvation with caution, security and strength.
In Christian iconography, the anchor, as an emblem of security, is the main attribute of St. Nicholas of Myra - the patron saint of sailors. Another meaning should be attributed to the anchor of the semi-legendary Pope Clement (88?-97?). According to church tradition, during the period of persecution of Christians, the pagans hung an anchor around the Pope's neck and drowned him in the sea. However sea waves soon parted, exposing the temple of God at the bottom. In this mythical underwater temple, the body of the holy champion of the faith was allegedly discovered.
Values: There are several anchor values. The anchor is a sacred object to which sacrifices were made, because it was often the only salvation for sailors. On the coins of Greece, Syria, Carthage, Phoenicia and Rome, the anchor was more often than others depicted as a symbol of hope.
In art ancient rome the anchor symbolized the joy of returning home after a long journey. On the graves of the 1st century, the image of an anchor was associated with the image of the church as a ship that carries souls across the stormy sea of life.
The apostle Paul in his letter to the Hebrews compared hope to a safe and strong anchor. The Greek word "ankura" (anchor) was associated with Latin expression"en curio", that is, "in the Lord.
In the fine arts of the Renaissance, the anchor also means an attribute of hope. The allegorical emblem, which depicts a dolphin with an anchor, was especially popular in Renaissance painting. The dolphin symbolized speed, and the anchor - restraint. At the bottom of the emblem was the inscription: "Hurry up slowly"
Olympic rings
Appearance time: The Olympic emblem was first introduced in 1920 at the 8th Summer Olympic Games in Antwerp.
Where is used: One of the most recognizable symbols in the world consists of five rings, the uniqueness of the emblem lies in the simplicity of execution. The rings are arranged in a W-shaped order, the colors are arranged in a strict order: blue, black, red, yellow and green.
What were the meanings: There are several theories about the origin and interpretation of the emblem of the Olympic Games. The first and main version says that the Olympic rings symbolically depict the unity of the five continents, which was invented by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1913.
Until 1951, there was a belief that each color corresponded to a separate continent. Europe was designated in blue, Africa in black, America in red, Asia in yellow, green in Australia, but in 1951 they decided to move away from this distribution of colors in order to move away from racial discrimination.
Another version says that the idea of five multi-colored rings is taken from Carl Jung. During the period of enthusiasm for Chinese philosophy, he connected the circle (a symbol of greatness and vital energy) with five colors reflecting the types of energies (water, wood, fire, earth and metal).
In 1912, the psychologist introduced a new image of the Olympic competition, because in his opinion, each participant in the Olympic Games had to master each of the five sports - swimming (water - Blue colour), fencing (fire - red), cross-country running (ground - yellow), equestrianism (wood - green) and shooting (metal - black)
The emblem of the five rings hides deep meaning which reveals the essence of sport. It contains the idea of popularizing the Olympic movement, the equality of each participating country, fair treatment to the athlete, healthy competition.
Compasses and Square
Appearance time: Henry Wilson Coyle, in The Masonic Encyclopedia, states that the Compass and Square in weave appeared on the seal of the Aberdeen lodge in 1762.
Where is used: Using a compass and a square, you can draw a circle inscribed in a square, and this is a reference to the seventh problem of Euclid, squaring the circle. But do not assume that the Compasses and Square necessarily refer you to math problem Rather, they symbolize the desire of man to achieve harmony between spiritual and physical nature.
Values: In this emblem, the Compasses depicts the vault of heaven, and the Square - the Earth. The sky is symbolically connected with the place where the Great Builder of the Universe draws his plan, and the Earth is the place where man does his work. The compass, combined with the Square, is one of the most common symbols of Freemasonry.
If everything is clear with the name, then the origin of the $ icon is still a mystery. The following version is considered the most similar to the truth: the Spanish abbreviation "P" s, which once denoted the currency of Spain, the peso. The letter P presumably left a vertical line, this allowed to increase the speed of writing, and the letter S remained unchanged. There is also a conspiracy version, along which two lines are the Pillars of Hercules.
Mars and Venus
Appearance time: The well-known sign of Mars ♂ and Venus ♀, borrowed from astrology, was introduced by the botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1751 to indicate the sex of plants. Since then, these two characters are called gender.
Where is used: The symbol of Venus ♀ denotes the feminine and is used to denote a woman, a female. Accordingly, the symbol of Mars ♂ personifies the masculine principle.
What values A: The first symbols of Mars and Venus appeared in antiquity. female sign Venus is depicted as a circle with a cross pointing down. It is called the "Mirror of Venus", this sign symbolizes femininity, beauty and love. The male sign of Mars is depicted as a circle with an arrow pointing up and to the right. Mars means the power of the god of war, this symbol is also called the “shield and spear of Mars.” The combined symbols of Venus and Mars mean heterosexuality, love between members of different sexes.
From the speech of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko on August 23, 2014 in honor of the day of the national flag of Ukraine:
“A survey conducted on the eve of Independence Day showed that almost 95% of Ukrainians are proud of both the national flag and the national emblem ... Our flag is a living witness to victories and failures. Failures, without which, unfortunately, there is no war ... Our national flag is a password by which we know who is ours and who is a stranger "
I, too, use this "password" to determine "who is ours and who is a stranger." And in this regard, I want to offer you a short excursion into the history of the national symbols of modern Ukraine:
Swastika and trident - a sign of the middle of the 20s for the participants of the youth Ukrainian organization "Plast". In general, nothing criminal. As you know, it was used long before the Bolsheviks, and under the Bolsheviks, during the Civil War, it was used, for example, by the Kalmyk units.
Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky, one of those who supported Plast, donated funds for its development. Stepan Bandera, the future leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, was also a member of this organization.
Logo of the Union of Ukrainian Fascists, early 1920s.
"The Union of Ukrainian Fascists (SUF) is a nationalist organization created in Czechoslovakia by Ukrainian emigrants in the early 1920s. Leaders: Petr Kozhevnikov and Leonid Kostariv. On November 12, 1925, the SUF became a co-founder of the League of Ukrainian Nationalists (LUN), which served as the basis for the subsequent formation of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). In January 1929, P. Kozhevnikov participated in the Constituent Congress of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, at which the ideological, program and statutory foundations of the OUN were developed. He was elected a member of the OUN Wire, met with Mussolini. According to the OUN, P Kozhevnikov was executed by the OUN(b) during the fight against the OUN(m), as he was suspected of collaborating with German intelligence as a representative of the OUN(m) P. Kozhevnikov survived the assassination attempt, but was imprisoned in a Soviet prison after the war and then emigrated in Germany"
Medal "Union of Ukrainian Fascists"
Ring "Union of Ukrainian Fascists"
"For Ukraine". "Organ of the Ukrainian Fascist Movement (Movement)" (translation). May 1939
"Ukrainian Fascist Movement (Movement) - Ukrainian nationalist organization in Belgrade. She periodically collaborated with the OUN and stood in positions close to the nationalists. ... The organization, together with other Ukrainian organizations ("Enlightenment" and "Ukrainian Society") operated semi-legally in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the late 1930s"
Poems about love for Ukraine and " Appeal to the fascist brothers - members of the U.F.Z (Ukrainian Fascist Movement (Movement))"(translated from Ukrainian):
“My brothers, Fascists! At this moment all peoples are preparing for a fierce struggle for their existence, for their own to be or not to be.
Their struggle among themselves, we - the Nazis, must use! It will give us the opportunity to throw off the yoke of the oppressor!
The minute of this struggle is already approaching, and we all, as one, must take up a gun and with a formidable step stand up for the defense of our people, our state" (translated from Ukrainian).
The act of restoring the "Ukrainian state" signed by Yaroslav Stetsko
From the text of the document:
"3. The newly created Ukrainian State will closely cooperate with the National Socialist Greater Germany, which, under the leadership of its Leader Adolf HITLER, creates new order in Europe and in the world and helps the Ukrainian people to free themselves from the Moscow occupation.
The Ukrainian National Revolutionary Army, which is being created on Ukrainian soil, will continue to fight together with the ALLIED GERMAN ARMY against the Moscow occupation for a Sovereign Cathedral State and a new order throughout the world.
Long live the Sovereign Cathedral Ukrainian State! Long live the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Long live the head of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian People STEPAN BANDERA!
GLORY TO UKRAINE!"
"Let the Ukrainian state live" ... and German officers on the podium. It is noteworthy that on the one hand, the yellow-blue Ukrainian banner, and on the other, the Nazi
To the photo above
Where does the coat of arms of Ukraine come from. Occupational newspaper "Snezhnyansky Herald". 04/12/1942
"Ukrainian word" about the abolition of the collective farm system
Trident and swastika. "Thanks to the Fuhrer of Greater Germany." Lviv
Trident and swastika
SS, trident, Galician lion. Volunteers of the SS division "Galicia"
During one of the parades in honor of the SS division "Galicia" (,). The trident and the swastika are separated by the Galician lion
Galician lion, Nazi swastika and national colors flag
Used April 28, 1943 in Lvov at the parade
Volunteers of the SS division "Galicia". Trident and Nazi symbols
The now popular slogan "Glory to Ukraine" was also popular with future SS-mans from the "Galicia" division, and among Bandera from the UPA ...
Fighters for independence and "victors of Nazism" from the SS division "Galicia". They swore on the banner with a trident
Well ... and with a swastika too ...
National symbols. SS division "Galicia". January 1945
Courses for UVV propagandists (Ukrainian Vizvolne Viysko (Ukrainian Liberation Army - translation *)). Swastika, trident, photo of the Fuhrer
These are the "pioneers" from the UVV. Great admirers of national symbols!
Ukrainians (Ukr Luft Flak)
To the photo above
Sleeve patch for officers of the 201st Schutzmannschaft Battalion
Badge of Ukrainian policemen in the General Government (in August 1941, the lands of Galicia (District Galicia with a center in Lvov (Lemberg)) were included in the General Government)
From the "noise" battalion. In short, the police...
"Hundred UVV (Ukrainian Liberation Army - approx. *), formed under the tank group of General von Kleist. 1942."
On the sleeves they have a bandage with national colors - yellow and blue.
"Motorized column of the Ukrainian Vizvolny Viysk, Skhidna Prussia"
Motorized column of the Ukrainian Liberation Army, East Prussia (translation)
Yellow and blue banner with painted Nazi swastika
Flak helper armband UKRAINE (volunteer helpers of the Luftwaffe)
Oath of the Luftwaffe Volunteers. 1944
UNAC SS. This is what they dream about now!
"Ukrainian police". Lviv
"Ukrainian police". Lvov pogrom of 1941
To the photo above
Another Lviv "policeman" and participant in the Lviv pogrom of 1941.
To the photo above. The arrow marks the "policeman" from the certificate
Another Lviv "policeman"
Taras Shevchenko between a swastika and a trident
Near
Members of the editorial board of the occupation Kharkov newspaper " New Ukraine". "Patriots" against the background of the national emblem
And this is the New Ukraine newspaper itself, which was made by the "patriots" I am the photo above
When the Third Reich lived out its last days, the organ of the "Ukrainian Armed Forces" continued to broadcast about his close victory:
The newspaper "Trident" dated April 26, 1945. Headline: "In this hour of decisions, the genius of A. Hitler will win"
The newspaper "Trident" dated April 26, 1945. The title of one of the headlines: "Victory will be won. Dr. Goebbels about the current situation"
Photos of the newspaper "Trident" provided poltora_bobra
Something interesting from the history of the trident:
Tryzub used the NTS - the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarists. A bunch of various emigrant rabble, whose goal was to fight for the overthrow of the communist system in the USSR. Members of the organization collaborated with Vlasov
NTS press organ (post-war)
Khazar tamga. Addressing those who like to call Russia the Horde: "Well, what do you say, Horde?"
Here is the national flag and the national emblem of Ukraine! Here are those who, under this flag and coat of arms, "fought for independence"! Do you consider yourself worthy successors of their "struggle", their "ideals"? But not me! I am the grandson of a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, and my grandfather fought under a different flag and emblem for the independence of my great Motherland. But this did not prevent him from being Ukrainian and from loving Ukraine. I am also Ukrainian and love Ukraine, but not the Ukraine of Bandera and Hauptmann Shukhevych, not the Ukraine of the SS division "Galicia", the battalions "Roland" and "Nachtigal", not the Ukraine of the Schutzmanns from the 118th and other Schutzmannschaftbattalions. Not Ukraine, with "heroes" with a Nazi flavor, both past and present. This is not my Ukraine!
And yet, Polish blood flows in my veins. Ancestors, on the mother's side, were from Poland. My grandfather, a front-line soldier, prayed in Polish all his life. So he was taught in childhood, so he died. An Orthodox Ukrainian reading prayers in Polish. ... I will never forgive the Volyn massacre to the Bandera creatures! And, as a Pole, and as an Orthodox Ukrainian!
Is there anything to be proud of?
... I will never celebrate under the symbols of ss-mans and policemen ...
SYMBOLS OF THE CIS COUNTRIES
The state symbols of any country include the state emblem, flag and anthem. They are also in our country. They are needed as an embodiment of its history, as well as an expression of the patriotism of its citizens, its designation in the world, its visual and sound image.
That is why the attitude towards the coat of arms, the flag and the anthem is the attitude towards the state itself.
Residents of different countries are rightfully proud of their state symbols.
It is a rectangular panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top one is white, the middle one is blue and the bottom one is red.
The colors of the flag have a deep meaning. White symbolizes peace, purity, truth, purity, imperishable perfection. Blue symbolizes faith and fidelity, constancy. Red is a symbol of energy, strength, blood shed for the Fatherland. Therefore, these colors are both official, state and folk, national.
The national flag of the Russian Federation is constantly raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. It is hung out on public holidays and solemn ceremonies. It also rises on the buildings of Russian diplomatic missions abroad.
As a stern flag it flies from the masts Russian ships. Three-color images of the flag are applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and to its spacecraft.
The flag indicates belonging to Russia, designates its territory, confirms state functions those organs over whose buildings it flies.
The national flag is also raised during official ceremonies and solemn events. Every day it rises at the place of permanent residence of Russian military units.
On days of national mourning, the flag is lowered or a black ribbon is attached to the top of the flagpole. This testifies to the sorrow of the entire state, of the entire people.
The flag is our sacred object, and we must treat it with respect and reverence.
The Presidential Decree established the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation, which is usually celebrated annually on August 22.
Russian anthem
The word anthem is of Greek origin. IN " explanatory dictionary Russian language" this word is explained as "a solemn song, adopted as a symbol of state or social unity. Praise song."
The national anthem of Russia to music and words is valid in our country from January 1, 2001.
Russia is our sacred power,
Russia is our beloved country.
Mighty will, great glory -
Yours forever!
Chorus: Be glorified, our free Fatherland,
Fraternal peoples age-old union,
Ancestors given the wisdom of the people!
Hail country! We are proud of you!
From the southern seas to the polar region
Our forests and fields are spread out.
You are the only one in the world! One you are -
Protected by God native land!
Wide scope for dreams and for life
The coming years open up to us.
Our loyalty to the Motherland gives us strength.
It was. So it is and so it will always be!
Order of official use national anthem established by a special law.
The anthem must be performed in strict accordance with the approved musical edition and text.
It sounds on especially solemn occasions: the inauguration of the heads of state, ceremonies of meetings and seeing off representatives of foreign states, conducting military rituals, and so on.
The national anthem is one of the main symbols of the country, so its performance is accompanied by signs of the highest respect - all those present stand up, and the military salute or salute with weapons.
In international life, the performance of the anthem of another country means an expression of respect for its representatives.
Today, the anthem is the same attribute of the state, a reflection of its history and a sign of sovereignty, like the coat of arms and the flag.
The anthem is official state symbol. He is, as it were, the musical and poetic embodiment of the country and its people, and therefore there should be the most respectful attitude towards him.
Azerbaijan
The capital is the city of Baku
Population - over 8 million people
