XVIII century, which glorified many wonderful people, including the writer Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. By the end of this century, he publishes his most famous creation - the story " Poor Lisa". It was it that brought him great fame and great popularity among readers. The book is based on two characters: poor girl Liza and the nobleman Erast, who appear in the course of the story in their attitude towards love.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin made a huge contribution to cultural development homeland in the late 18th century. After numerous trips to Germany, England, France and Switzerland, the prose writer returns to Russia, and while relaxing at the dacha of the famous traveler Pyotr Ivanovich Beketov, in the 1790s he takes on a new literary experiment. The local surroundings near the Simonov Monastery greatly influenced the idea of the work "Poor Lisa", which he hatched during his travels. Nature was of great importance for Karamzin, he truly loved it and often changed the bustle of the city for forests and fields, where he read his favorite books and immersed himself in thought.
Genre and direction
"Poor Liza" is the first Russian psychological story that contains a moral disagreement between people of different classes. Lisa's feelings are clear and understandable to the reader: for a simple bourgeois, happiness is love, so she loves blindly and naively. Erast's feelings, on the contrary, are more confused, because he himself cannot understand them in any way. At first, the young man wants to simply fall in love just like in the novels he read, but it soon becomes clear that he is not able to live love. City life, full of luxury and passion, had a huge impact on the hero, and he discovers a carnal attraction that completely destroys spiritual love.
Karamzin is an innovator, he can rightfully be called the founder of Russian sentimentalism. Readers took the work admiringly, since the society has already for a long time wished for something like this. The audience was exhausted by the moralizing of the classic direction, the basis of which is the worship of reason and duty. Sentimentalism, on the other hand, demonstrates the emotional experiences, feelings and emotions of the characters.
About what?
According to the writer, this story is “a rather uncomplicated fairy tale.” Indeed, the plot of the work is simple to genius. It begins and ends with an outline of the area of the Simonov Monastery, which evokes in the memory of the narrator thoughts about the tragic turn in the fate of poor Lisa. This is a love story of a poor provincial woman and a wealthy young man from the privileged class. The acquaintance of the lovers began with the fact that Lisa was selling lilies of the valley collected in the forest, and Erast, wanting to start a conversation with the girl he liked, decided to buy flowers from her. He was subdued natural beauty and Lisa's kindness, and they started dating. However, soon the young man was fed up with the charm of his passion and found a more profitable party. The heroine, unable to withstand the blow, drowned herself. Her lover regretted it all his life.
Their images are ambiguous, first of all, the world of a simple natural person, unspoiled by city fuss and greed, is revealed. Karamzin described everything in such detail and picturesquely that readers believed in this story and fell in love with his heroine.
Main characters and their characteristics
- The main character of the story is Lisa, a poor village girl. IN early age she lost her father and was forced to become a breadwinner for her family, accepting any job. The hardworking provincial is very naive and sensitive, she sees in people only good traits and lives with his emotions, following the call of his heart. She takes care of her mother day and night. And even when the heroine decides on a fatal act, she still does not forget about her family and leaves her money. Main Talent Lisa is a gift to love, because for the sake of her loved ones she is ready to do anything.
- Lisa's mother is a kind and wise old woman. She experienced the death of her husband Ivan very hard, as she devotedly loved him and lived happily with him for many years. Her only consolation was her daughter, whom she sought to marry to a worthy and wealthy man. The character of the heroine is internally solid, but a little bookish and idealized.
- Erast is a wealthy nobleman. He leads wild image life, thinking only about fun. He is smart, but very fickle, spoiled and weak-willed. Without thinking about the fact that Lisa is from a different class, he fell in love with her, but still he cannot overcome all the difficulties of this unequal love. Erast cannot be called a negative hero, because he admits his guilt. He read and was inspired by novels, was dreamy, looking at the world through rose-colored glasses. Therefore it real love and did not survive the test.
Subject
- The main theme in sentimental literature are sincere feelings a man in the face of indifference real world. Karamzin was one of the first to decide to write about spiritual happiness and suffering. common people. He reflected in his work the transition from the civil theme, which was common in the Enlightenment, to the personal one, in which the main subject of interest is the spiritual world of the individual. Thus, the author, having described in depth inner world characters, together with their feelings and experiences, began to develop such literary device like psychology.
- Theme of love. Love in "Poor Liza" is a test that tests the heroes for strength and loyalty to their word. Liza completely surrendered to this feeling, her author exalts and idealizes for this ability. She is the embodiment of the feminine ideal, the one that completely dissolves in the adoration of her beloved and is faithful to him until last breath. But Erast could not stand the test and turned out to be cowardly and pathetic person, incapable of self-giving in the name of something more important than material wealth.
- Contrasting city and countryside. The author prefers the countryside, it is there that natural, sincere and kind people who do not know temptation are formed. But in big cities they acquire vices: envy, greed, selfishness. Erast's position in society was more precious than love, he was fed up with it, because he was not able to experience a strong and deep feeling. Lisa, on the other hand, could not live after this betrayal: if love died, she follows her, because without her she cannot imagine her future.
Problem
Karamzin in the work "Poor Liza" touches on various problems: social and moral. The problematic of the story is based on opposition. The main characters differ both in quality of life and in character. Lisa is pure, honest and naive girl from the lower class, and Erast is a spoiled, weak-willed, thinking only about his own pleasures, a young man belonging to the nobility. Lisa, having fallen in love with him, cannot go a single day without thinking about him, while Erast, on the contrary, began to move away as soon as he got what he wanted from her.
The result of such fleeting moments of happiness for Lisa and Erast is the death of a girl, after which the young man cannot stop blaming himself for this tragedy and remains unhappy until the end of his life. The author showed how class inequality led to an unhappy ending and served as a reason for the tragedy, as well as the responsibility a person bears for those who trusted him.
the main idea
The plot is not the most important thing in this story. Emotions and feelings awakening while reading deserve more attention. The narrator himself plays a huge role, because he tells about the life of a poor rural girl with sadness and sympathy. For Russian literature, the image of an empathic narrator who knows how to empathize emotional state heroes, turned out to be a revelation. Any dramatic moment makes his heart bleed, as well as sincerely shed tears. Thus, main idea the story "Poor Liza" is that one should not be afraid of one's feelings, love, worry, sympathize with the full breast. Only then can a person overcome immorality, cruelty and selfishness in himself. The author starts with himself, because he, a nobleman, describes the sins of his own class, and gives sympathy to a simple village girl, urging people of his position to become more humane. The inhabitants of poor huts sometimes outshine the gentlemen from old estates with their virtue. This is the main idea of Karamzin.
The attitude of the author to the protagonist of the story also became an innovation in Russian literature. So Karamzin does not blame Erast, when Lisa dies, he demonstrates social conditions, which caused tragic event. The big city influenced the young man, destroying his moral principles and making him corrupt. Liza, on the other hand, grew up in the village, her naivety and simplicity played with her bad joke. The writer also demonstrates that not only Liza, but also Erast was subjected to the hardships of fate, becoming a victim of sad circumstances. The hero experiences guilt throughout his life, never becoming truly happy.
What does it teach?
The reader has the opportunity to learn something from the mistakes of others. The clash of love and selfishness is a hot topic, since anyone at least once in their life experienced unrequited feelings, or experienced the betrayal of a loved one. Analyzing Karamzin's story, we learn important life lessons, become more humane and more responsive to each other. The creations of the era of sentimentalism have a single property: they help people to enrich themselves spiritually, and also bring up the best humane and moral qualities in us.
The story "Poor Lisa" has gained popularity among readers. This work teaches a person to be more responsive to other people, as well as the ability to sympathize.
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Perhaps no one living in Moscow knows the surroundings of this city as well as I do, because no one is more often than me in the field, no one more than me wanders on foot, without a plan, without a goal - where the eyes look - through the meadows and groves. over hills and plains. Every summer I find new pleasant places or new beauties in old ones.
But the most pleasant for me is the place where the gloomy, Gothic towers of the Si ... new monastery rise. Standing on this mountain, you see on the right side almost all of Moscow, this terrible mass of houses and churches, which appears to the eyes in the form of a majestic amphitheater: great picture, especially when the sun shines on it, when its evening rays blaze on countless golden domes, on countless crosses, ascending to the sky! Below are fat, densely green flowering meadows, and behind them, on yellow sands, a bright river flows, agitated by the light oars of fishing boats or rustling under the helm of heavy plows that float from the most fruitful countries of the Russian Empire and endow greedy Moscow with bread. On the other side of the river is visible Oak Grove, near which numerous herds graze; there the young shepherds, sitting under the shade of the trees, sing simple, melancholy songs, and thereby shorten the summer days, so uniform to them. Farther away, in the dense greenery of ancient elms, the golden-domed Danilov Monastery shines; still farther, almost at the edge of the horizon, the Sparrow Hills turn blue. On the left side one can see vast fields covered with bread, woods, three or four villages, and in the distance the village of Kolomenskoye with its high palace.
I often come to this place and almost always meet spring there; I also come there in the gloomy days of autumn to grieve together with nature. The winds howl terribly in the walls of the deserted monastery, between the coffins overgrown with tall grass, and in the dark passages of the cells. There, leaning on the ruins of tombstones, I listen to the muffled groan of times swallowed up by the abyss of the past — a groan from which my heart shudders and trembles. Sometimes I enter cells and imagine those who lived in them—sad pictures! Here I see a gray-haired old man, kneeling before the crucifixion and praying for a speedy resolution of his earthly fetters, for all pleasures have disappeared for him in life, all his feelings have died, except for the feeling of illness and weakness. There, a young monk, with a pale face and languid eyes, looks out into the field through the bars of the window, sees cheerful birds floating freely in the sea of air, sees, and sheds bitter tears from his eyes. He languishes, withers, dries up - and the dull ringing of the bell announces to me his untimely death. Sometimes on the gates of the temple I look at the image of miracles that happened in this monastery, where fish fall from the sky to saturate the inhabitants of the monastery, besieged by numerous enemies; here the image of the Mother of God puts the enemies to flight. All this renews in my memory the history of our fatherland - sad story those times when the fierce Tatars and Lithuanians devastated the neighborhood with fire and sword Russian capital and when unfortunate Moscow, like a defenseless widow, expected help from one god in her fierce misfortunes.
But most often it draws me to the walls of the Si...nova monastery - the memory of the deplorable fate of Liza, poor Liza. Oh! I love those items that touch my heart and make me shed tears of tender sorrow!
Seventy sazhens from the monastery wall, near a birch grove, in the middle of a green meadow, stands an empty hut, without doors, without windows, without a floor; The roof has long since rotted and collapsed. In this hut, thirty years before, the beautiful, amiable Liza lived with her old woman, her mother.
Lizin's father was a rather prosperous peasant, because he loved work, plowed the land well and always led a sober life. But soon after his death, his wife and daughter were impoverished. The lazy hand of the mercenary worked the field poorly, and the bread ceased to be born well. They were forced to rent out their land, and for very little money. Moreover, the poor widow, shedding tears almost incessantly over the death of her husband - for even peasant women know how to love! - day by day she became weak and could not work at all. Only Liza, who remained after her father of fifteen years, - only Liza, not sparing her tender youth, not sparing her rare beauty, worked day and night - weaved canvases, knitted stockings, picked flowers in the spring, and took berries in the summer - and sold them in Moscow. The sensitive, kind old woman, seeing her daughter’s indefatigability, often pressed her to her weakly beating heart, called her divine mercy, nurse, the joy of her old age and prayed to God to reward her for everything she does for her mother. “God gave me hands to work,” Lisa said, “you fed me with your breast and followed me when I was a child; Now it's my turn to follow you. Stop only crumbling, stop crying: our tears will not revive the priests. But often tender Liza could not hold back her own tears - ah! she remembered that she had a father and that he was gone, but to calm her mother she tried to hide the sadness of her heart and appear calm and cheerful. “In the next world, dear Liza,” answered the woeful old woman, “in the next world, I will stop crying. There, they say, everyone will be cheerful; I'm sure I'll be happy when I see your father. Only now I don’t want to die - what will happen to you without me? To whom to leave you? No, God forbid first attach you to the place! Maybe a good person will soon be found. Then, blessing you, my dear children, I will cross myself and calmly lie down in the damp earth.
Two years have passed since the death of Lizin's father. The meadows were covered with flowers, and Liza came to Moscow with lilies of the valley. A young, well-dressed, pleasant-looking man met her in the street. She showed him the flowers and blushed. "Do you sell them, girl?" he asked with a smile. "Selling," she replied. “What do you need?” - "Five kopecks." “It's too cheap. Here's a ruble for you. Liza was surprised, she dared to look at the young man, blushed even more and, looking down at the ground, told him that she would not take a ruble. “For what?” "I don't need too much." - “I think that beautiful lilies of the valley, plucked by hands beautiful girl, cost a ruble. When you don't take it, here's five kopecks for you. I would always like to buy flowers from you: I would like you to pick them just for me. Liza handed over the flowers, took five kopecks, bowed and wanted to go, but the stranger stopped her on the arm. "Where are you going, girl?" - "Home". “Where is your house?” - Lisa said where she lives, said and went. The young man did not want to hold her back, perhaps for the fact that those passing by began to stop and, looking at them, slyly smiled.
Liza, having come home, told her mother what had happened to her. “You did well not to take a ruble. Maybe it was some bad man... "-" Oh no, mother! I don't think so. He has such a kind face, such a voice…” “However, Liza, it’s better to feed yourself on your labors and take nothing for nothing. You don't know yet, my friend, how evil people can offend the poor girl! My heart is always out of place when you go into town; I always put a candle in front of the image and pray to the Lord God that he save you from all trouble and misfortune. Tears welled up in Lisa's eyes; she kissed her mother.
The next day, Liza picked the best lilies of the valley and again went with them to the city. Her eyes searched for something. Many wanted to buy flowers from her, but she answered that they were not for sale, and looked first in one direction, then in the other. Evening came, it was necessary to return home, and the flowers were thrown into the Moscow River. "No one own you!" said Liza, feeling a kind of sadness in her heart. - The next day, in the evening, she was sitting under the window, spinning and singing plaintive songs in a low voice, but suddenly she jumped up and shouted: "Ah! .." A young stranger was standing under the window.
"What happened to you?" asked the frightened mother, who was sitting beside her. “Nothing, mother,” answered Liza in a timid voice, “I just saw him.” - "Whom?" “The gentleman who bought flowers from me.” The old woman looked out the window. The young man bowed to her so courteously, with such a pleasant air, that she could think nothing but good of him. "Hello, good old lady! - he said. - I am very tired; do you have fresh milk?” The obliging Liza, without waiting for an answer from her mother - perhaps because she knew him in advance - ran to the cellar - brought a clean glass covered with a clean wooden circle - grabbed a glass, washed it, wiped it with a white towel, poured and served out the window, but she herself looked at the ground. The stranger drank - and the nectar from the hands of Hebe could not have seemed tastier to him. Everyone will guess that after that he thanked Liza and thanked her not so much with words as with her eyes. Meanwhile, the good-natured old woman managed to tell him about her grief and consolation - about the death of her husband and about the sweet qualities of her daughter, about her diligence and tenderness, and so on. and so on. He listened to her with attention, but his eyes were - need I say where? And Liza, timid Liza, looked from time to time at the young man; but not so soon the lightning shines and disappears in the cloud, how quickly Blue eyes her turned to the earth, meeting with his gaze. “I would like,” he said to his mother, “that your daughter would not sell her work to anyone but me. Thus, she will have no need to go to the city often, and you will not be forced to part with her. I can visit you from time to time." Here Lizins' eyes flashed with joy, which she tried in vain to hide; her cheeks glowed like the dawn on a clear summer evening; she looked at her left sleeve and pinched it right hand. The old woman readily accepted this offer, not suspecting any evil intention in it, and assured the stranger that the linen woven by Liza and the stockings knitted by Liza were remarkably good and worn longer than any others. It was getting dark, and the young man wanted to go already. “But what should we call you, kind, affectionate gentleman?” the old woman asked. “My name is Erast,” he answered. "Erast," Lisa said softly, "Erast!" She repeated this name five times, as if trying to solidify it. - Erast said goodbye to them and went. Liza followed him with her eyes, and the mother sat in thought and, taking her daughter by the hand, said to her: “Ah, Liza! How good and kind he is! If only your fiancé were like this!” All Lisa's heart fluttered. "Mother! Mother! How can this be? He is a gentleman, and among the peasants ... "- Lisa did not finish her speech.
Now the reader should know that this young man, this Erast, was a fairly wealthy nobleman, with a fair amount of intelligence and good heart, kind by nature, but weak and windy. He led a distracted life, thinking only about his own pleasure, looking for it in secular amusements, but often did not find it: he was bored and complained about his fate. The beauty of Lisa at the first meeting made an impression in his heart. He read novels, idylls, had a rather lively imagination and often mentally moved to those times (former or not former), in which, according to the poets, all people carelessly walked through the meadows, bathed in clean springs, kissed like doves, rested under roses and myrtles, and in happy idleness they spent all their days. It seemed to him that he had found in Lisa what his heart had been looking for for a long time. “Nature is calling me into its arms, to its pure joys,” he thought, and he decided—at least for a while—to leave the great light.
Let's get back to Lisa. Night fell - the mother blessed her daughter and wished her a good sleep, but this time her wish was not fulfilled: Liza slept very poorly. The new guest of her soul, the image of Erasts, seemed to her so vividly that she woke up almost every minute, woke up and sighed. Even before the sun rose, Liza got up, went down to the banks of the Moskva River, sat down on the grass and, grieving, looked at the white mists that waved in the air and, rising up, left brilliant drops on the green cover of nature. Silence reigned everywhere. But soon the rising luminary of the day awakened all creation: the groves, the bushes came to life, the birds fluttered and sang, the flowers raised their heads to be nourished by the life-giving rays of light. But Liza was still sitting in a huff. Oh Lisa, Lisa! What happened to you? Until now, waking up with the birds, you had fun with them in the morning, and a pure, joyful soul shone in your eyes, like the sun shines in drops of heavenly dew; but now you are thoughtful, and the general joy of nature is foreign to your heart. Meanwhile, a young shepherd was driving his flock along the river bank, playing the flute. Liza fixed her eyes on him and thought: “If the one who now occupies my thoughts was born simple peasant, a shepherd, - and if he now drove his flock past me: ah! I would bow to him with a smile and say affably: “Hello, dear shepherd boy! Where are you driving your flock? And here green grass grows for your sheep, and flowers bloom here, from which you can weave a wreath for your hat. He would look at me with an affectionate air - he would, perhaps, take my hand ... A dream! The shepherd, playing the flute, passed by and with his motley flock hid behind a nearby hill.
Suddenly Liza heard the noise of oars - she looked at the river and saw a boat, and in the boat - Erast.
All the veins in her throbbed, and, of course, not from fear. She got up, wanted to go, but could not. Erast jumped ashore, went up to Lisa and - her dream was partly fulfilled: for he looked at her with an air of affection, took her by the hand... And Liza, Liza stood with downcast eyes, with fiery cheeks, with a trembling heart - she could not take her hand away from him - she could not turn away when he approached her with his pink lips ... Ah! He kissed her, kissed her with such fervor that the whole universe seemed to her on fire! "Dear Lisa! Erast said. - Dear Lisa! I love you, ”and these words echoed in the depths of her soul, like heavenly, delightful music; she hardly dared to believe her ears and... But I drop the brush. I can only say that in that moment of ecstasy, Liza's timidity disappeared - Erast found out that he was loved, loved with a passionately new, pure, open heart.
They sat on the grass, and in such a way that there was not much space left between them, they looked into each other's eyes, said to each other: “Love me!”, And two hours seemed to them in an instant. Finally Liza remembered that her mother might worry about her. Should have parted. “Oh, Erast! - she said. "Will you always love me?" “Always, dear Lisa, always!” he answered. “And you can swear to me about this?” “I can, dear Liza, I can!” - "No! I don't need an oath. I believe you, Erast, I believe. Will you deceive poor Lisa? After all, this can not be? “I can’t, I can’t, dear Liza!” “How happy I am, and how delighted mother will be when she finds out that you love me!” “Oh no, Lisa! She doesn't need to say anything." “For what?” “Old people are suspicious. She will imagine something bad." - "You can not become." “However, I ask you not to say a word about it to her.” - "Good: I must obey you, although I would not like to hide anything from her." They said goodbye, kissed last time and they promised to see each other every evening, either on the banks of the rock, or in a birch grove, or somewhere near Liza's hut, only surely, by all means, to see each other. Liza went, but her eyes turned a hundred times to Erast, who was still standing on the bank and looking after her.
Lisa returned to her hut in a completely different mood from the one in which she left it. Heartfelt joy was found on her face and in all her movements. "He loves me!" she thought and admired this idea. “Ah, mother! Lisa said to her mother, who had just woken up. — Ah, mother! What a wonderful morning! How fun everything is in the field! Never have larks sang so well, never have the sun shone so brightly, never have flowers smelled so pleasantly!” - The old woman, propping herself up with a stick, went out into the meadow to enjoy the morning, which Liza described with such lovely colors. It, in fact, seemed to her remarkably pleasant; her amiable daughter amused her whole nature with her merriment. "Ah, Liza! she said. - How good everything is with the Lord God! I live my sixth decade in the world, but still I can’t look enough at the works of the Lord, I can’t look enough at the clear sky, like a high tent, and at the earth, which every year is covered with new grass and new flowers. It is necessary that the king of heaven loved a person very much when he so well removed the worldly light for him. Ah, Liza! Who would want to die if sometimes there was no grief for us? .. Apparently, it is necessary. Perhaps we would forget our souls if tears never fell from our eyes. And Liza thought: “Ah! I would rather forget my soul than my dear friend!”
After this, Erast and Liza, afraid not to keep their word, saw each other every evening (when Liza's mother went to bed) either on the river bank or in a birch grove, but more often under the shade of hundred-year-old oaks (eighty fathoms from the hut) - oaks , overshadowing a deep clean pond, dug out in ancient times. There, the often quiet moon, through the green branches, silvered with its rays Lisa's blond hair, with which marshmallows and the hand of a dear friend played; often these rays illuminated in the eyes of tender Liza a brilliant tear of love, which is always drained by Erast's kiss. They embraced - but the chaste, bashful Cynthia did not hide from them behind a cloud: their embraces were pure and blameless. “When you,” Lisa said to Erast, “when you tell me:“ I love you, my friend! ”, When you press me to your heart and look at me with your touching eyes, ah! then it happens to me so well, so well, that I forget myself, I forget everything except Erast. Wonderful! It's wonderful, my friend, that I, not knowing you, could live calmly and cheerfully! Now this is incomprehensible to me, now I think that without you life is not life, but sadness and boredom. Without your dark eyes, a bright month; without your voice, the singing nightingale is boring; without your breath, the breeze is unpleasant to me. - Erast admired his shepherdess - that's what he called Liza - and, seeing how much she loves him, he seemed kinder to himself. All the shiny fun big light seemed to him insignificant in comparison with the pleasures that passionate friendship an innocent soul nourished his heart. He thought with disgust of the contemptuous voluptuousness with which his senses had drunk before. “I will live with Liza like brother and sister,” he thought, “I will not use her love for evil, and I will always be happy!” "Reckless young man!" Do you know your heart? Are you always responsible for your movements? Is reason always the king of your feelings?
Lisa demanded that Erast often visit her mother. “I love her,” she said, “and I want her well, but it seems to me that seeing you is a great well-being for everyone.” The old woman really was always happy when she saw him. She loved to talk to him about her late husband and tell him about the days of her youth, about how she first met her dear Ivan, how he fell in love with her and in what love, in what harmony he lived with her. "Oh! We never could look at each other enough - until the very hour when the fierce death knocked his legs down. He died in my arms!” Erast listened to her with unfeigned pleasure. He bought Liza's work from her and always wanted to pay ten times more than the price she set, but the old woman never took too much.
Thus a few weeks passed. One evening, Erast waited a long time for his Liza. At last she came, but she was so unhappy that he was frightened; her eyes were red with tears. "Lisa, Lisa! What happened to you? “Ah, Erast! I cried!" - "About what? What's happened?" “I have to tell you everything. A groom, the son of a rich peasant from neighboring village; mother wants me to marry him. “And you agree?” - "Cruel! Can you ask about it? Yes, I'm sorry for my mother; she cries and says that I do not want her peace of mind, that she will suffer at death if she does not give me in marriage with her. Oh! Mother does not know that I have such a dear friend!” - Erast kissed Lisa, said that her happiness was dearer to him than anything in the world, that after the death of her mother he would take her to him and live with her inseparably, in the village and in the dense forests, as in paradise. “But you can’t be my husband!” Lisa said with a soft sigh. “Why not?” “I am a peasant.” “You offend me. For your friend, the most important thing is the soul, a sensitive, innocent soul - and Lisa will always be the closest to my heart.
She flung herself into his arms—and at this hour chastity must perish! - Erast felt an extraordinary excitement in his blood - Liza had never seemed so charming to him - her caresses had never touched him so much - her kisses had never been so fiery - she knew nothing, suspected nothing, was afraid of nothing - the darkness of the evening nourished desires - not a single star shone in the sky - no ray could illuminate delusions. - Erast feels a tremor in himself - Liza also, not knowing why - not knowing what is happening to her ... Ah, Liza, Liza! Where is your guardian angel? Where is your innocence?
The delusion passed in one minute. Lila did not understand her feelings, she was surprised and asked questions. Erast was silent - he was looking for words and did not find them. “Oh, I'm afraid,” said Liza, “I'm afraid of what happened to us! It seemed to me that I was dying, that my soul... No, I don't know how to say it!... Are you silent, Erast? Do you sigh?.. My God! What's happened?" Meanwhile, lightning flashed and thunder roared. Lisa trembled all over. "Erast, Erast! - she said. - I'm scared! I'm afraid the thunder will kill me like a criminal!" A storm roared menacingly, rain poured from black clouds - it seemed that nature was lamenting about Liza's lost innocence. Erast tried to calm Lisa and walked her to the hut. Tears rolled from her eyes as she said goodbye to him. “Oh, Erast! Assure me that we will continue to be happy!” “We will, Lisa, we will!” he answered. - “God forbid! I can not help but believe your words: because I love you! Only in my heart... But it's full! Sorry! See you tomorrow, tomorrow."
Their dates continued; but how things have changed! Erast could no longer be satisfied with only the innocent caresses of his Liza - only her loving looks filled with eyes - one touch of the hand, one kiss, one pure embrace. He wanted more, more, and, finally, he could not want anything - and who knows his heart, who thought about the nature of his most tender pleasures, he will, of course, agree with me that fulfillment all desires is the most dangerous temptation of love. Liza was no longer for Erast this angel of purity, who had previously inflamed his imagination and delighted his soul. Platonic love gave way to feelings he couldn't be proud and which were no longer new to him. As for Lisa, she, completely surrendering to him, only lived and breathed him, in everything, like a lamb, obeyed his will and placed her happiness in his pleasure. She saw a change in him and often said to him: “Before, you were happier, before we were calmer and happier, and before I was not so afraid of losing your love!” “Sometimes, when he said goodbye to her, he would say to her: “Tomorrow, Liza, I can’t see you: I have an important business,” and every time Liza sighed at these words.
Finally, for five days in a row she did not see him and was in the greatest anxiety; on the sixth he came with a sad face and said to her: “Dear Liza! I have to say goodbye to you for a while. You know that we are at war, I am in the service, my regiment is going on a campaign. Lisa turned pale and almost fainted.
Erast caressed her, saying that he would always love dear Liza and hoped never to part with her on his return. She was silent for a long time, then burst into bitter tears, seized his hand and, looking at him with all the tenderness of love, asked: "Can't you stay?" “I can,” he answered, “but only with the greatest infamy, with the greatest stain on my honor. Everyone will despise me; everyone will abhor me as a coward, as an unworthy son of the fatherland. “Oh, when it’s like that,” said Liza, “then go, go, where God commands! But you can be killed." - "Death for the fatherland is not terrible, dear Liza." “I will die as soon as you are gone.” “But why think that? I hope to stay alive, I hope to return to you, my friend. - “God forbid! God bless! Every day, every hour, I will pray for this. Oh, why can't I read or write! You would notify me of everything that happens to you, and I would write to you - about my tears! “No, take care of yourself, Liza, take care of your friend. I don't want you to cry without me." - "Cruel person! You think to deprive me of this joy too! No! Having parted with you, will I then stop crying when my heart dries up. “Think of a pleasant moment in which we will see each other again.” “I will, I will think about her! Ah, if only she had come sooner! Dear, dear Erast! Remember, remember your poor Liza, who loves you more than herself!
But I cannot describe everything they said on this occasion. The next day was to be the last meeting.
Erast also wanted to say goodbye to Liza's mother, who could not help crying, hearing that affectionate, handsome gentleman she must go to war. He forced her to take some money from him, saying: “I don’t want Liza to sell her work in my absence, which, by agreement, belongs to me.” The old woman showered him with blessings. “God grant,” she said, “so that you return safely to us and that I see you again in this life! Perhaps my Liza by that time will find a groom for her thoughts. How I would thank God if you came to our wedding! When Lisa has children, know, master, that you must baptize them! Oh! I would love to live to see it!” Liza stood beside her mother and did not dare to look at her. The reader can easily imagine what she felt at that moment.
But what did she feel when Erast, embracing her and for the last time, pressing her to his heart for the last time, said: “Forgive me, Liza!” What a touching picture! The morning dawn, like a scarlet sea, spilled over the eastern sky. Erast stood under the branches of a tall oak, holding in his arms his pale, languid, woeful girlfriend, who, bidding farewell to him, said goodbye to her soul. All nature was silent.
Liza sobbed - Erast cried - left her - she fell - knelt down, raised her hands to the sky and looked at Erast, who moved away - further - further - and finally disappeared - the sun shone, and Liza, left, poor, lost her senses and memory .
She came to herself - and the light seemed to her dull and sad. All the pleasures of nature were hidden for her, along with what was dear to her heart. "Oh! she thought. Why did I stay in this desert? What keeps me from flying after dear Erast? War is not terrible for me; it's scary where my friend is not. I want to live with him, I want to die with him, or by my own death I want to save his precious life. Stop, stop, my dear! I fly to you!" - She already wanted to run after Erast, but the thought: “I have a mother!” stopped her. Lisa sighed and, bowing her head, walked with quiet steps towards her hut. “From now on, her days were days of anguish and sorrow, which had to be hidden from her tender mother: her heart suffered all the more! Then it only became easier when Liza, secluded in the dense forest, could freely shed tears and moan about separation from her beloved. Often the mournful turtledove combined her mournful voice with her wailing. But sometimes - though very rarely - a golden ray of hope, a ray of consolation illuminated the darkness of her grief. “When he returns to me, how happy I will be! How everything will change! - from this thought her eyes cleared, the roses on her cheeks were refreshed, and Liza smiled like a May morning after a stormy night. “Thus it took about two months.
One day Liza had to go to Moscow, then to buy rose water, with which her mother treated her eyes. On one of the big streets she met a magnificent carriage, and in this carriage she saw - Erast. "Oh!" Liza screamed and rushed towards him, but the carriage drove past and turned into the yard. Erast came out and already wanted to go to the porch huge house when he suddenly felt himself in Liza's arms. He turned pale - then, without answering a word to her exclamations, he took her by the hand, led her into his office, locked the door and said to her: “Lisa! Circumstances have changed; I begged to marry; you must leave me alone and for your own peace of mind forget me. I loved you and now I love you, that is, I wish you every good. Here is a hundred rubles - take them, - he put the money in her pocket, - let me kiss you for the last time - and go home. - Before Lisa could come to her senses, he led her out of the office and said to the servant: "Show this girl out of the yard."
My heart is bleeding at this very moment. I forget the man in Erast - I'm ready to curse him - but my tongue does not move - I look at the sky, and a tear rolls down my face. Oh! Why am I writing not a novel, but a sad story?
So, Erast deceived Lisa, telling her that he was going to the army? - No, he really was in the army, but instead of fighting the enemy, he played cards and lost almost all his estate. Soon they made peace, and Erast returned to Moscow, burdened with debts. He had only one way to improve his circumstances - to marry an elderly rich widow who had long been in love with him. He decided on that and moved to live with her in the house, devoting a sincere sigh to his Lisa. But can all this justify him?
Liza found herself on the street and in a position that no pen can describe. “He, he kicked me out? Does he love someone else? I'm dead!" —here are her thoughts, her feelings! A violent fainting spell interrupted them for a while. One kind woman who was walking along the street stopped over Liza, who was lying on the ground, and tried to bring her to memory. The unfortunate woman opened her eyes - got up with the help of this good woman She thanked her and went away, not knowing where she was going. “I can’t live,” Liza thought, “I can’t!.. Oh, if only the sky would fall on me! If the earth swallowed up the poor!.. No! the sky does not fall; the earth does not move! Woe is me!" - She left the city and suddenly saw herself on the banks of a deep pond, under the shade of ancient oaks, which a few weeks before had been silent witnesses of her delights. This memory shook her soul; the most terrible heartfelt torment was depicted on her face. But after a few minutes she plunged into some thoughtfulness - she looked around herself, saw her neighbor's daughter (a fifteen-year-old girl) walking along the road - she called her, took out ten imperials from her pocket and, giving it to her, said: “Dear Anyuta, dear friend! Take this money to your mother - it's not stolen - tell her that Liza is guilty against her, that I hid from her my love for one cruel man, — to E... What's the point of knowing his name? - Tell me that he cheated on me - ask her to forgive me - God will be her helper - kiss her hand the way I kiss yours now - say that poor Liza ordered me to kiss her - say that I ...” Then she jumped into the water. Anyuta screamed, cried, but could not save her, ran to the village - people gathered and pulled Lisa out, but she was already dead.
Thus she died her beautiful life in soul and body. When we there, in a new life, see you, I recognize you, gentle Lisa!
She was buried near the pond, under a gloomy oak, and a wooden cross was placed on her grave. Here I often sit in thought, leaning on the receptacle of Liza's ashes; a pond flows in my eyes; Leaves rustle above me.
Lisa's mother heard about terrible death her daughter, and her blood cooled with horror - her eyes were forever closed. - The hut is empty. The wind howls in it, and the superstitious villagers, hearing this noise at night, say: “There is a dead man groaning: poor Liza is groaning there!”
Erast was unhappy until the end of his life. Upon learning of the fate of Lizina, he could not console himself and considered himself a murderer. I met him a year before his death. He himself told me this story and led me to Liza's grave. “Now, perhaps, they have already reconciled!”
Karamzin, with his stories, made a great contribution to the development of Russian literature, including prose. He decided to apply new techniques in narrative prose. He abandoned the traditional plots of works taken from the mythology of ancient states. He applied an innovative technique, that is, he began to write about modern events, and even stories about ordinary people. And so the story was written about a simple girl Liza, who was called "Poor Lisa."
The author worked on the story for two forests from 1789-1790. Karamzin did not try to write a story with a happy ending. As I said, he was an innovator in Russian prose. In this work, the main character died and there was no happy ending.
While reading this work, several sub-themes are highlighted that form the main theme of the story. One of the topics is when the author begins to describe the life of the peasants in full swing. He repeatedly emphasizes the relationship between the peasant and wildlife. According to the author, the main character, who grew up in communication with nature, cannot act as negative character. She grew up on the observance of centuries-old traditions. She is cheerful and kind. In general, Karamzin expressed everything in Liza best qualities person. She is perfect from all sides, and the formation of the beauty and meaning of the work "Poor Lisa" begins with this character.
The main thought can safely be called true love. Lisa fell in love with a rich nobleman. The girl immediately forgot about social inequality o plunged headlong into the dark pool of love. He girl did not expect betrayal from her beloved. When she found out that she had been betrayed, out of grief she threw herself into the lake and drowned. The theory was also covered here. little man, that is, there can be no full-fledged love between people who belong to different strata of society. Most likely, such a relationship does not need to be started, because initially they will not last long. All this because they were born and accustomed to their special life. And if other layers fell, then they felt out of place.
The main problem of the story can be called that Lisa succumbed to a fit of feelings, and not reason. We can safely say that her momentary weakness ruined her.
Option 2
The plot of this lyrical work is built on a love story between a poor peasant girl Lisa and a wealthy nobleman Erast. To get acquainted with the beauty he likes, he buys lilies of the valley from her, which she collected in the forest for sale. Liza charmed the guy with her naturalness, purity and kindness. They began dating, but, unfortunately, happiness was short-lived. Soon Erast got bored with the girl and he found a more profitable match for himself. The young man regretted his rash act for the rest of his life. After all, Lisa, unable to bear parting with her beloved, drowned herself in the river.
The main theme of this sad story, of course, is love. It serves as a test for the main characters. Lisa is devoted and faithful to her beloved, literally dissolves in him, completely surrenders to feelings, cannot live without him. While Erast turns out to be a miserable, petty and narrow-minded person, to whom material wealth is much more important than feelings. For him, a position in society is more precious than love, which quickly bored him. Lisa cannot live after such a betrayal. She cannot imagine her future without love and is ready to say goodbye to life. So strong is her attachment to her beloved. He is even more important to her than life itself.
The main idea of "Poor Liza" is that one must completely surrender to one's feelings and not be afraid of them. After all, only in this way is it possible to defeat selfishness and immorality in oneself. In his work, Nikolai Mikhailovich shows that sometimes poor people are much kinder than wealthy gentlemen.
Surprisingly, Karamzin does not at all blame Erast for Lisa's death, but explains to the reader that the young man was so negatively influenced by Big city, making it more cruel and depraved. The village brought up simplicity and naivety in the main character, which played a cruel joke on her. But not only the fate of Lisa, but also Erast was tragic, because he never became really happy and for the rest of his life experienced a strong sense of guilt for his fateful act for the girl.
The author builds his work on opposition. Erast is the complete opposite of honest, pure, naive and good girl from the lower class. He is a selfish, cowardly, spoiled young man belonging to a noble family. Their feelings are also different. Liza's love is sincere and real, she cannot live a day without her lover. While Erast, as soon as he received his own, on the contrary, begins to move away and his feelings quickly cool down, as if nothing had happened.
Thanks to "Poor Lisa" you can learn from the mistakes made by the main characters. After reading this story, I want to become at least a little more humane and sympathetic. Nikolai Mikhailovich tries to teach the reader to be kinder, more attentive to others, to think better about his words and deeds. Also, this story awakens a sense of compassion for other people, makes you reconsider your behavior and attitude towards the world around you.
Analysis 3
N.M. Karamzin wrote the work "Poor Lisa" very beautifully. The main acting characters were sent by a simple peasant woman and a young rich nobleman. Having created this work, the young writer receives great fame. The idea of writing this story by the author was the Simonov Monastery, which was located not far from the house where Karamzin spent time with close friends. With this story, Karamzin wanted to show that there are huge misunderstandings between the relations between peasants and nobles. It was with this thought that the heroine Lisa was created.
Karamzin described Lisa as a very spiritual and pure-minded person, she embodies her own image of principles and ideals, which was not entirely clear to Erast. Although she was an ordinary peasant woman, she lived as her heart told her. Liza was a very well-read girl, so it was difficult to determine from her conversation that she was of peasant origin.
Erast, Liza's lover, was an officer who lived social life. I thought only about how you can brighten up your life with entertainment, so as not to get bored. Despite the fact that he was very smart, his character was very changeable. He did not think that Lisa would never be able to become his wife, because they were from different classes. Truly in love with Erast. Having wayward weak character, could not stand it, and carry their love with Lisa to the end. He preferred a lady from his society, did not think about the feelings of poor Liza. This, of course, did not surprise anyone, because money for high society has always been in the foreground, rather than real, sincere feelings. Therefore, the ending of this story was very tragic.
Despite the fact that the work is written very interesting. The end of a sentimental love story ended in tragedy main character Lisa. The reader is literally imbued with the events described. Nikolai Mikhailovich was able to describe the once heard story in such a way that the reader literally carries through himself, all the sensuality of the work. Each new line is filled with the depth of feelings of the main characters. In some moments you involuntarily feel the harmony of nature. The author was so accurately able to describe the place where Lisa committed suicide that the reader is left with no doubt about the veracity of this story.
Thanks to the uniqueness of the work, Nikolai Karamzin added his masterpiece to Russian literature. Thus, making a huge step in its development. Due to the inherent sentimentality and tragedy, the work became a model for many writers of that time.
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The story "Poor Lisa" feathered Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, became one of the first works of sentimentalism in Russia. The love story of a poor girl and a young nobleman won the hearts of many of the writer's contemporaries and was received with great enthusiasm. The work brought unprecedented popularity to the then completely unknown 25-year-old writer. However, with what descriptions does the story “Poor Liza” begin?
History of creation
N. M. Karamzin was distinguished by his love for Western culture and actively preached its principles. His role in the life of Russia was enormous and invaluable. This progressive and active man traveled extensively in Europe in 1789-1790, and upon his return he published the story "Poor Lisa" in the Moscow Journal.
Analysis of the story indicates that the work has a sentimental aesthetic orientation, which is expressed in interest in, regardless of their social status.
While writing the story, Karamzin lived in a dacha with his friends, not far from which he was located. It is believed that he served as the basis for the beginning of the work. Thanks to this, the love story and the characters themselves were perceived by readers as completely real. And the pond near the monastery began to be called "Lizina Pond".
"Poor Lisa" by Karamzin as a sentimentalist story
“Poor Liza” is, in fact, a short story, in the genre of which no one wrote in Russia before Karamzin. But the writer's innovation is not only in the choice of genre, but also in the direction. It was behind this story that the title of the first work of Russian sentimentalism was entrenched.
Sentimentalism arose in Europe in the 17th century and focused on the sensual side human life. Questions of reason and society went by the wayside for this direction, but emotions, relationships between people became a priority.
Sentimentalism has always sought to idealize what is happening, to embellish. Answering the question about what descriptions the story “Poor Liza” begins with, we can talk about the idyllic landscape that Karamzin paints for readers.
Theme and idea
One of the main themes of the story is social, and it is connected with the problem of the attitude of the nobility towards the peasants. It is not for nothing that Karamzin chooses a peasant girl for the role of the bearer of innocence and morality.
Contrasting the images of Lisa and Erast, the writer is one of the first to raise the problem of contradictions between the city and the countryside. If we turn to what descriptions the story "Poor Lisa" begins with, then we will see a quiet, cozy and natural world existing in harmony with nature. The city, on the other hand, frightens, terrifies with its “mass of houses”, “golden domes”. Lisa becomes a reflection of nature, she is natural and naive, there is no falsehood and pretense in her.
The author speaks in the story from the position of a humanist. Karamzin depicts all the charm of love, its beauty and strength. But reason and pragmatism can easily destroy this wonderful feeling. The story owes its success to the incredible attention to the personality of a person, his experiences. "Poor Lisa" evoked sympathy from her readers thanks to Karamzin's amazing ability to portray all the spiritual subtleties, experiences, aspirations and thoughts of the heroine.
Heroes
A complete analysis of the story "Poor Liza" is impossible without a detailed examination of the images of the main characters of the work. Liza and Erast, as noted above, embodied different ideals and principles.
Lisa is an ordinary peasant girl, main feature which is the ability to feel. She acts according to the dictates of her heart and feelings, which ultimately led her to death, although her morality remained intact. However, in the image of Lisa there is little peasant: her speech and thoughts are closer to book language, however, the feelings of a girl who fell in love for the first time are conveyed with incredible truthfulness. So, despite the external idealization of the heroine, her inner experiences are conveyed very realistically. In this regard, the story "Poor Liza" does not lose its innovation.
What descriptions begin the work? First of all, consonant with the character of the heroine, helping the reader to recognize her. This is a natural idyllic world.
Erast appears completely different to readers. He is an officer who is only puzzled by the search for new entertainment, life in the world tires and bores him. He is not stupid, kind, but weak in character and changeable in his affections. Erast truly falls in love, but does not think about the future at all, because Lisa is not his circle, and he will never be able to marry her.
Karamzin complicated the image of Erast. Usually such a hero in Russian literature was simpler and endowed with certain characteristics. But the writer does not make him an insidious seducer, but a sincerely fallen in love man who, due to weakness of character, could not pass the test and keep his love. This type of hero was new to Russian literature, but immediately took root and later received the name " extra person».
Plot and originality
The plot of the story is pretty straightforward. This is history tragic love peasant woman and nobleman, the result of which was the death of Lisa.
What descriptions begin the story "Poor Lisa"? Karamzin draws a natural panorama, the bulk of the monastery, a pond - it is here, surrounded by nature, that the main character lives. But the main thing in the story is not the plot and not the descriptions, the main thing is feelings. And the narrator must awaken these feelings in the audience. For the first time in Russian literature, where the image of the narrator has always remained outside the work, the hero-author appears. This sentimental narrator learns the love story from Erast and retells the reader with sadness and sympathy.
Thus, there are three main characters in the story: Lisa, Erast and the author-narrator. Karamzin also introduces a technique landscape descriptions and somewhat lightens the ponderous style of the Russian literary language.
Significance for Russian literature of the story "Poor Liza"
An analysis of the story thus shows Karamzin's incredible contribution to the development of Russian literature. In addition to describing the relationship between the city and the countryside, the appearance of an "extra person", many researchers note the birth of a "little person" - in the image of Liza. This work influenced the work of A. S. Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, who developed the themes, ideas and images of Karamzin.
The incredible psychologism that brought Russian literature world fame, also gave rise to the story "Poor Lisa". With what descriptions does this work begin! How much beauty, originality and incredible stylistic lightness are in them! One cannot overestimate Karamzin's contribution to the development of Russian literature.
1. Literary direction "sentimentalism".
2. Features of the plot of the work.
3. The image of the main character.
4. The image of the "villain" Erast.
In the literature of the second half of the XVIII - early XIX has been very popular for centuries literary direction"sentimentalism". The name comes from the French word "sentiment", which means "feeling, sensitivity". Sentimentalism called for paying attention to the feelings, experiences, emotions of a person, that is, the inner world acquired special importance. The story of N. M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa" is a prime example sentimental work. The plot of the story is very simple. By the will of fate, a spoiled nobleman and a young naive peasant girl meet. She falls in love with him and becomes a victim of her feelings.
The image of the main character Lisa is striking in its purity and sincerity. The peasant girl is more like fairy tale heroine. There is nothing everyday, everyday, vulgar in it. Lisa's nature is sublime and beautiful, despite the fact that the life of a girl cannot be called fabulous. Lisa lost her father early and lives with her old mother. The girl has to work hard. But she does not grumble at fate. Liza is shown by the author as an ideal, devoid of any shortcomings. She is not characterized by a craving for profit, material values \u200b\u200bdo not have any meaning for her. Lisa is more like a sensitive young lady who grew up in an atmosphere of idleness, surrounded by care and attention from childhood. A similar trend was characteristic of sentimental works. The main character cannot be perceived by the reader as rude, down to earth, pragmatic. It should be cut off from the world of vulgarity, dirt, hypocrisy, should be a model of sublimity, purity, poetry.
In Karamzin's story, Lisa becomes a toy in the hands of her lover. Erast is a typical young rake, accustomed to getting what he wants. The young man is spoiled, selfish. The absence of a moral principle leads to the fact that he does not understand the ardent and passionate nature Lisa. Erast's feelings are doubtful. He used to live, thinking only about himself and his desires. Erast was not allowed to see the beauty of the girl's inner world, because Lisa is smart, kind. But the virtues of a peasant woman are worth nothing in the eyes of a jaded nobleman.
Erast, unlike Lisa, never knew hardship. He did not have to worry about his daily bread, his whole life is a continuous holiday. And he initially considers love a game that can decorate a few days of life. Erast cannot be faithful, his affection for Lisa is just an illusion.
And Lisa deeply experiences the tragedy. It is significant that when a young nobleman seduced a girl, thunder struck, lightning flashed. A sign of nature portends trouble. And Lisa feels that she will have to pay the most terrible price for what she has done. The girl was not wrong. Not much time passed, and Erast lost interest in Lisa. Now he has forgotten about her. For the girl, this was a terrible blow.
Karamzin's story "Poor Lisa" was very loved by readers, not only because of the amusing plot that told about beautiful story love. Readers highly appreciated the skill of the writer, who managed to truthfully and vividly show the inner world of a girl in love. Feelings, experiences, emotions of the main character cannot leave indifferent.
Paradoxically, the young nobleman Erast is not fully perceived as villain. After Lisa's suicide, Erast is crushed with grief, considers himself a murderer and yearns for her all his life. Erast did not become unhappy, for his act he suffered a severe punishment. The writer treats his character objectively. He admits that the young noble has a good heart and mind. But, alas, this does not give the right to consider Erast a good man. Karamzin says: “Now the reader should know that this young man, this Erast, was a rather rich nobleman, with a fair mind and a kind heart, kind by nature, but weak and windy. He led a distracted life, thought only of his own pleasure, looked for it in secular amusements, but often did not find it: he was bored and complained about his fate. No wonder that with such an attitude to life, love did not become something worthy of attention for a young man. Erast is dreamy. “He read novels, idylls, had a rather lively imagination and often mentally moved to those times (former or not former), in which, according to the poets, all people carelessly walked through the meadows, bathed in clean springs, kissed like doves, rested under roses and myrtle and in happy idleness they spent all their days. It seemed to him that he had found in Lisa what his heart had been looking for for a long time. What can be said about Erast if we analyze the characteristics of Karamzin? Erast is in the clouds. fictional stories more important to him than real life. Therefore, he quickly got bored with everything, even the love of such a beautiful girl. After all, real life always seems to the dreamer less bright and interesting than life invented.
Erast decides to go on a military campaign. He believes that this event will give meaning to his life, that he will feel his significance. But, alas, the weak-willed nobleman during the military campaign only lost his entire fortune at cards. Dreams collided with harsh reality. Frivolous Erast is not capable of serious deeds, entertainment is most important for him. He decides to marry profitably in order to regain what he wants material well-being. At the same time, Erast does not think about Lisa's feelings at all. Why does he need a poor peasant woman, if he was faced with the question of material benefits.
Liza throws herself into the pond, suicide becomes her only possible way out. The suffering of love so exhausted the girl that she does not want to live anymore.
For us, modern readers, Karamzin's story "Poor Liza" seems like a fairy tale. After all, there is nothing like real life, except, perhaps, the feelings of the main character. But sentimentalism as a literary trend turned out to be very important for Russian literature. After all, writers who create in line with sentimentalism showed the subtlest shades of human experiences. And this trend has continued to develop. On the basis of sentimental works, others appeared, more realistic and believable.
