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Theater is a place for spectacles Theater is a kind of art, the specific means of expression of which is stage action, arising in the process of actors playing in front of the audience Stage - a platform on which the performance takes place Stage - part of the action, act in a play, performance Stage - in a broad sense, the same as theater Performance is a work theatrical art, which is created on the basis of a dramatic or theatrical stage work in accordance with the director's intention and under his leadership, through the joint efforts of the actors, as well as the artist and composer. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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TYPES OF THEATER PUPPET THEATER DRAMA THEATER OPERA AND BALLET COMEDY THEATER SHADOW THEATER TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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FROM THE HISTORY OF THE PUPPET THEATER IN old Russia there were no state puppet theaters. At fairs, on the boulevards, in city courtyards, itinerant magicians, acrobats and puppeteers gave small performances. Usually one of them twisted the handle of the hurdy-gurdy. Under the loud sounds of music, the puppeteer showed from behind a small screen how funny, long-nosed, noisy Petrushka beats with a stick royal officer who wants to pick him up as a soldier. From the clever Petrushka, both the ignorant doctor, who did not know how to heal, and the deceitful merchant, got it. The life of folk puppeteers - wandering actors was very hard and differed little from the life of beggars. After the performance, the actor-puppeteer took off his hat and handed it to the audience. Whoever wanted to threw copper kopecks into the cap. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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TYPES OF THEATER PUPPETS
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RIDING PUPPETS OVER THE SCREEN CANE Controlled by one or more actors with canes GLOVE Controlled by the puppeteer's hand FINGER Controlled by the puppeteer's fingers
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CANE DOLLS Cane puppets are larger than glove dolls (head size can be up to 20 cm). This doll is raised above the screen with the help of a rod inserted inside, which is called "gapit". Sticks (wires) are attached to the doll's hands, which are moved by the puppeteer. The doll's arms are bent at the elbows, the head can turn and tilt. Such puppets, with their smooth and majestic movements, are indispensable in heroic and romantic performances. Their design allows you to perform a wide variety of movements and saturate the performance with interesting tricks and finds. Most puppet theaters in our country, including the Central Puppet Theater S.V. Obraztsova, in their work they use a wide variety of reed puppet systems. These puppets are called riding puppets, as the actors raise them above themselves during the performance. At the same time, the viewer sees them not in full height- the lower part is hidden by a screen. Therefore, riding puppets are often made without legs. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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Dolls - mittens were born from ordinary knitted mittens. Mittens do not have to be knitted from yarn; dolls sewn on the basis of working mittens look more expressive. there is a great opportunity for the application of faces, muzzles and clothes. These dolls are good because they are very easy to manage, designed for children of the most younger ages. We can make such "mittens" according to any fairy tale. DOLLS - MITTENS. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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CANE DOLL WITH OPENING MOUTH. We present you new toys for the puppet theater. These are cane puppets with an opening mouth. The hand is inserted into the mouth (mouth) of the toy and controls it. The other hand, with the help of canes, controls the "arms" of the doll. The total height of the doll is 50-55 cm. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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CONE THEATER. It is not necessary to have a screen, scenery, a specially equipped place in the classroom with children, playing with them any fairy tale. You can show the children a fairy tale or play a play together on an ordinary table. Dolls intended for this purpose should stand steadily on the table, it is easy to move around it. Theater on the table is the simplest and most accessible theater for all ages of children. The body of the dolls is made in the form of a cone, to which the head and hands of the doll are attached. The size of such a doll can be from 30 to 10 cm. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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FINGER THEATER. Finger puppets are the smallest puppet theater artists. Their height is only 7 - 9 centimeters. You can easily take such babies with you on any trip, for a walk or when visiting someone. Such dolls can be a charming souvenir for your girlfriend's son or daughter, especially if this is their favorite. fairy tale character. Tiny puppets will become playmates for the child already in age three years. But you should not give them to very young children, so that they do not tear off and swallow the glued parts. The child puts the doll on his fingers and acts for the character depicted on his hand. In the course of the action, the child moves one or more fingers, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen (if there is one). You can do without a screen and depict actions, moving freely around the room. Finger theater good when you need to show several characters at the same time. For example, in the fairy tale "Turnip" new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be shown by one child with the help of his fingers. Tales "Twelve months", " Swan geese"etc. with many characters can show two or three children. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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WALKING DOLLS. These toys can serve as table theater designed to develop the motor skills of a child's hand. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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DOLLS OF "LIVING HAND". Bright and expressive possibilities has a very simple doll with a live hand. If a body is at least implied in glove and stick puppets, then it is not here. Instead of the hands of the doll, the hands of the puppeteer work in gloves sewn to the dress - the doll's costume. The basis of the imitation of a doll costume is a triangle or square made of fabric. The doll's head (up to 25 - 30 cm in diameter) is attached to the costume in the neck area and hung on strings around the puppeteer's neck. Such a doll allows you to highlight the most subtle nuances of the feelings and moods of the hero, it has expressive gestures and can perform complex actions that are inaccessible to other dolls (point, write, take the hand, stroke the head of a child, etc.) TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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GLOVED DOLLS. Otherwise, it is called parsley, because that is how Parsley works. Since ancient times, there have been parsleys in Rus' - actors who performed with puppets - Petrushkas, put on the actor's hand. Wherein forefinger the actor passes into the head of the doll, and the large and medium ones go into the sleeves of her costume. The movements of her head, arms, torso are carried out with the help of movements of the fingers, hands. The head of a glove puppet can range in size from a ping-pong ball to a large apple. Too big a head makes it difficult for the actor to work, because its weight falls on his one finger. Glove puppets are very mobile and expressive. True, their hands stick up, but experienced actors use them very deftly. In China, for example, where puppet art extraordinarily developed, puppeteers manage to put their hands behind the back of the doll or open a tiny umbrella with them. With the help of glove puppets, you can play various scenes on topical issues, use them as funny helpers in kindergarten classes, put on various performances and even pop numbers. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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OUTDOOR DOLLS. floor dolls - big dolls. Their growth depends on the growth of the puppeteer and can be from 1 m to 1.5 m. It is very interesting to work with such puppets. They are led "in the open" by one or two performers. This doll has large empty (without filling) sewn hands and slippers into which the puppeteer inserts his hands and feet, the head of such a doll can be hung around the puppeteer's neck with ropes, or the puppeteer's hand can be placed in the pocket on the back of the doll's head (then the doll can turn and tilt its head). Large puppets have rich stage possibilities: they walk among children, spectators, take them by the hands, can dance with them, bend over a drawing child and see what he is doing, how he writes, etc. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
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GLOVED DOLLS OR BIBABO. Bibabo dolls usually operate on a screen behind which the driver is hiding. But when the game is familiar or the children themselves drive the dolls, that is, the moment of mystery has disappeared, then the drivers can go out to the audience, take them off, give them something, take them by the hand, involve them in the game. Such "exposure" does not reduce, but rather raises the interest and activity of the guys. When children see an adult play with bibabo dolls, they will most likely want to learn how to drive such dolls themselves. If the doll turns out to be large for a child's hand, then not one, but two children's fingers can be inserted into the head of the doll. Shorten the sleeves of the doll so that the children's fingers fit into the chucks of the doll's hands. You can make dolls and especially for children's hands. Show the children how the doll should move, how to drive it on the screen. Dolls must constantly move, as if alive, they cannot be fixed on a plane, a table. But on the other hand, you can create many funny scenes with them and use the same dolls in repeated games, constantly maintaining the children's interest in them. TYPES OF THEATER DOLLS
Class hour
Topic: We and the theater.
Goals:
to acquaint children with the history of the theater;
give ideas about various theaters;
promote the development of speech, thinking, memory;
educate interest in art, the need to follow the rules of etiquette.
Course progress.
Teacher Hello! Today
Close your eyes.
Slide 1 (music on)
Imagine that you are in a huge hall where comfortable chairs from soft velvet fabric, on which they sit elegantly dressed people, the lights of a huge chandelier slowly go out, the orchestra gradually falls silent, the curtain that hid the stage rises. Where are we?
Children : in the theatre.slide 2
What do you think we will talk about?
Children - About the theater
Organizer : today we will visit the theater, talk about its features. Who was in the theatre?
- Theatrical art arose a very long time ago, more than two and a half thousand years ago.Theater in Greek means"A place for spectacle" .
slide 3 A very, very long time in the cityAthens was built in the firstGreece theater for performances, it was not like theaters are now. The stage was on the sand open sky where people performed. Theatrical performances were arranged only on holidays and lasted for several days, from morning to evening.
Only men performed in theaters, they played all roles, including women's. What is the name of the profession of a person who plays different roles?
Children : actor.
Organizer : slide 4 actors they put on their faces masks, female and male, depicting anger and prayer, fun and sadness. And in order to appear taller, the actors put on special benches on their feet.
March 27 at Ancient Greece Great Dionysias were held - holidays in honor of the god of winemaking Dionysus
. slide 5 They were accompanied by processions and fun, there were many mummers. And since 1961, this day, March 27, has been celebrated all over the world as International Theater Day.
What theaters do you know?
Children's answers.
Organizer: Slide 8V Drama theater put on specially written works for performance on stage,comedy - works with jokes, fun, drama - works with a serious content and with a happy ending,tragedy - works that end with the death of heroes
Slide 9
INmusical theaters are putoperas where characters instead of words express their feelings by singing, ballets - expression of feelings, movement.
Slide 10 EatAnimal theaters where the actors are animals and birds.
slide 11 Eatpuppet theatres. Here the main characters aredolls, which are controlled and voiced from behind the screens by actors - puppeteers
Dolls are different:slide 12 glove - they are worn on the hand.slide 13 Canes - canes are attached to the hands of the doll.Slide 14 Finger - put on the fingers of the hand.
slide 15 Life-size puppets - which are much taller than a person.
-
Do you want to become artists?
Then tell me friends
How can you change yourself?
To be like a fox?
Or a prince, a Yaga?
- You can change your appearance with the help of a costume, makeup, hairstyle, etc..
- And without a suit, children can,
Turn, say, into the wind,
Or in the rain, or in a thunderstorm,
Or a butterfly, a wasp?
What will help here, friends? (Gestures and of course facial expressions)
What are gestures? (These are body movements, no words)
What is mimicry? (Expression of our face).
I suggest you try to become artists today. Let's imagine that we are in a theater workshop.
I tell you a word. And you in response - portray it with a gesture
“Zhello","Andcome here”, “quiet”, “no”,"Think".
Showfacial expressions: sadness, joy, surprise,fear, excitement.
Invitation to the stage 6 people.
I congratulate you - you will now become actors-puppeteers.
Who is this?
Slide Guys, now we will play a fragment of the puppet show "Teremok". We put the dolls on the right hand.
In order for the doll to come to life, it is necessary to determine its character, to imagine with what intonation it will speak.
(dolls)
Dear viewers, we ask for silence, the mini-performance begins.
Guys, did you like the show? (Yes)
The performance is over, I ask the artists to take their places in the hall.
This is an interesting and exciting activity, but at the same time it is work. And I think if you are interested, you can organize your own puppet show. put on performances and show them to other guys.
Why are we talking about theater today? Slide
I would like to wish you to visit the theater in the near future.
Hold hands, friends, and take a deep breath,
ANDif you are theater friends,
Thatan oathloudly you say:
I swear from now and forever to cherish the theater sacredly,
To be honest,
and worthy of being a spectator.
Dolls The art of reviving dolls is very ancient, its history is huge, its geography is very wide. Puppet theatre, view theatrical performances, in which puppets (volumetric and flat) operate, set in motion by actors-puppeteers, most often hidden from the audience by a screen. Many forms of performances are determined by the difference in the types of puppets, their control systems: puppets (puppets on strings), the so-called riding puppets (glove puppets), cane puppets, mechanical, etc. Sometimes puppets are replaced by a conditional object (cube, ball, wand, etc.), metaphorically depicting a living being. Dolls range in size from a few centimeters to double human height.
The difference in the forms and nature of representations is most often due to national tradition, the specifics of staging and dramatic tasks, the relationship with other types of art (graphics, folk toys, sculpture, mask theater, cinema). The origins of the Puppet Theater are in pagan rituals, games with materialized symbols of the gods, personifying the unknown forces of nature. Historically, it is associated with the development ancient forms stage culture. As a rule, this theater was distinguished by traditional plots, performance techniques, and the presence of constant heroes. Performances The puppet theater in most countries consisted of religious and mystical spectacles. IN Ancient Egypt(16 centuries BC.) is a mystery about Osiris and Isis, in ancient india and China cult performances. The mention of theatrical puppets is found in Herodotus, Xenophon, Aristotle, Horace, Marcus Aurelius, Apuleius and others. From the 11th century performances were held in churches and monasteries in which dolls were used as a means of staging gospel scenes, the Virgin Mary became their main character. The name Marion remained in the Romano-Germanic languages as a designation for a theatrical puppet in general, in Slavic languages string dolls.
The performances of the Puppet Theater were increasingly saturated with topical, "earthly" content, which caused persecution from the medieval church. Expelled from the interior of the church to the porch, the Puppet Theater then settled in the squares and fairs, being persecuted by the Inquisition. Despite the prohibitions, the anti-church, anti-feudal element intensified in his ideas. By the end of the 16th century, the national satirical Puppet Theater with the main character Pulcinella was finally formed in Italy. Inheriting the traditions of the Atellanic comedy (Atellana is close in spirit to the commedia dell'arte, it spread in Europe. In the 17th century, a similar uncensored Puppet Theater established itself in France ( main character Polichinel), England (Punch), Germany (Ganswurst, later Kasperle, Holland (Pikelgering), Belgium (Voltier), Poland (Koplenyak), Romania (Vasilak), Czechoslovakia (Kashparek), in Russia (Petrushka).
Among the peoples of Asia and the Middle East, the Puppet Theater developed in a special way. Its traditional national forms have existed here since ancient times. Presumably, the progenitor of Pulcinella, Petrushka and others was the comedic hero of the classical Indian theater, the big-headed hunchbacked jester Vidushak (Turkish Karagyoz is close to him). IN Indian Theater puppets the puppet is led by two puppeteers (one behind the screen, the other in front of the screen). The emergence of the Puppet Theater in China dates back to the 1st century BC. In the Japanese Puppet Theater (known since the 11th century), large human-sized puppets are used, which are controlled by 4 5 puppeteers in black clothes (on the face) that are visible to the audience at the same time. black mask stocking). He, like Chinese Theater puppets, associated with classical theater. Until the 19th century in the European Puppet Theater, traditional, often satirical, review plays about those in power, officials, and the church were played; also formed vagrant plots about Dr. Faust (I. W. Goethe borrowed it from puppeteers), Don Giovanni, the king and his three daughters, and others. attempts are made to create professional theater G. Kleist, E. T. A. Hoffmann (Germany), George Sand, A. France (France), M. Maeterlinck (Belgium), B. Shaw (Great Britain), and others wrote for him. many famous theatrical figures turned to the creation of the Puppet Theater as the most perfect look theatrical spectacle (director G. Craig in his article "The Actor and the Superpuppet" propagated the idea of abandoning the actor). In the 1st quarter of the 20th century, professional puppet theaters for children and adults were created.
Russian professional puppet theater began to take shape after October revolution E. S. Demmeni, the artists N. Ya. and I. S. Efimovs, and others attracted leading writers, artists, and composers to create a Puppet Theater for Children, which would set broad social and pedagogical tasks and promote new socialist forms of relations between people. Efimovs Soviet Theater puppet reflects bright, character traits and human psychology in their most general manifestation, strives for typicality, brought to the figurative common noun. The Central Puppet Theater under the direction of Sergei Vladimirovich Obraztsov is the spokesman for these ideas. His performances "After pike command"Tarakhovskaya (1936)," Magic lamp Aladina" by Gernet (1940), "The Stag King" by Gozzi (1943), "An Extraordinary Concerto" (1946) and many others laid the foundation for the director's method and the system of work of actors-puppeteers on stage images, which makes it possible to create an evolutionarily complex, psychologically substantiated score of the role, truthfully show the fate, character, features of the stage image. Puppet theaters turn to language stage pantomime("Hand with five fingers" Romanian theater"Tsenderike"), put musical works(“Peter and the Wolf” by Prokofiev Central Puppet Theater of Bulgaria; “Petrushka” by Stravinsky, “Wooden Prince” by Bartok Central Puppet Theater of Hungary; “Story of a Soldier” by Stravinsky Central Puppet Theater of Bulgaria and Riga Puppet Theater; “Firebird” by Stravinsky, “The Disciple sorcerer" Duke Minsk Puppet Theatre).
The figurativeness of performances is achieved by using the whole variety of stage techniques (a live actor, a played object, a radio recording and lighting effects are involved in the action). The desire to pose social, moral and ethical problems, to the art of bright and catchy theatricality forms new type Puppet theater ("Watchmaker", "Stole Marko" by Teofilova in the Central Puppet Theater of Bulgaria, "Don Cristobal" by Garcia Lorca and " A little prince» Saint-Exupery to the Tsenderike Puppet Theater, The Good Soldier Schweik's Adventures by Chapek at the Leningrad Bolshoi Puppet Theater. Since 1958, within the framework of the International Union of Puppeteers (UNIMA, founded in 1929), international festivals, competitions, which contributes to the exchange of experience of figures Puppet Theater In 1976, the 12th UNIMA Congress was held in Moscow (SV Obraztsov was elected president). In the USSR in 1975 there were more than 100 Puppet Theaters that staged performances in 25 languages of the peoples of the USSR. The training of creative personnel is carried out at a special department of the Leningrad Institute of Theater, Music and Cinematography, in State Institute theater arts. Lunacharsky (directors and artists), the school. Gnesins and in the studios at the Puppet Theater Material on the history of the Puppet Theater collects and systematizes central theater puppets (founded in 1937). In amateur performances, especially in schools, palaces of pioneers, etc., the puppet theater is very popular.
What is theater?
Theater(Greek word), the main meaning is a place for spectacles;
2. spectacular view art, which is a synthesis various arts- literature, music, choreography, vocals, visual arts.
Guys, does anyone know the history of the theater?
A very, very long time ago in Greece, in the city of Athens, the first theater for performances was built, it was not the same as today's theaters. The stage was on the sand, in the open air, where the actors performed.
Theatrical performances were arranged only on holidays and lasted for several days, from morning to evening. Only men performed in theaters, they played all roles, including women's. Actors wore masks on their faces, female and male, depicting anger and prayer, fun and sadness. And in order to appear taller, the actors put on special benches on their feet.
In the III century BC. Romans inspired Greek theater, created their own versions of ancient Greek plays and began to stage them on impromptu stages. The actors in these performances were slaves. Women were only allowed to play minor roles. Since Roman theaters had to compete for the attention of audiences accustomed to gladiator fights, public executions and chariot races, theatrical plays became not as poetic and sublime as in Greece. They increasingly began to contain scenes of human conflict and crude humor.
In Russia, the theater originated in folk art. It was based on rituals associated with labor activity. Over time, the rites have lost their magical meaning and turned into performance games. In the future, the simplest games turned into folk dramas; they were created in the process of collective creativity and kept in people's memory, passing from generation to generation.
the oldest theater there were games of folk actors - buffoons. Buffoons, participating in rituals, introduced into them a worldly, secular content. buffoon - sing, dance, act out skits, play on musical instruments and anyone could act. But only the one whose art stood out for its artistry became and was called a buffoon-handyman.
The same thing happens in the modern theater - there are many theaters, but only those where the actors brilliantly master their art receive universal love.
There are many theaters in Moscow: musical and dramatic, classical and modern, theaters for adults and children.
And what theaters that are in our city, do you know?
1) Moscow state theater"Lenkom"
2) Musical Theatre "New Opera"
3) Puppet Theatre. S. Obraztsova
4) Musical Theater named after K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko
5) Youth Theater (Young Spectator Theater)
6) Moscow Art Theater M. Gorky
7) theater of cats Y. Kuklachev
And in total there are 129 theaters in Moscow,
We will not have time to talk about all the theaters. So let's talk about the most important ones. First, of course, the Bolshoi Theater (full name of the State Academic Grand Theatre Russia), he received the first spectators on December 30, 1780. The theater was built according to the plan of Rozberg.
The theater presents two pediments, one above the colonnade, the other above the upper tier. Above the colonnade are 4 bronze horses harnessed to the chariot of Apollo (called a quadriga); On the sides of the theater there are cast-iron porches, consisting of elegant cast-iron columns. The theater has recently been renovated. Look how handsome he is.
Using his example, let's see how it works auditorium. You need to know this in order to find your seat according to the purchased ticket.
Let's take a look at the ticket.
In the ticket, in addition to the name of the theater and performance, the date and time of the start, the level, row and seat in the hall are indicated.
Seat levels are divided into:
amphitheater.
mezzanine.
balcony.
Parterre- the area of the theater located closest to the stage.
Amphitheater located behind the stalls, separated from it by a passage.
Mezzanine- a tier located above the stalls.
Lodge- these are special places on the sides of the stalls, behind it and on the tiers.
Balcony- Affordable theater seats. The seats are arranged in several rows and form several tiers. They are at some distance from the stage.
During the entire existence of the Bolshoi Theater, over 800 works have been staged on its stage. These are operas and ballets by the great composers Giuseppe Verdi, Richard Wagner, Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff, Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev. Opera and ballet performances based on the works of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky played a particularly prominent role in the history of the Bolshoi Theater. The most famous of his ballets staged in this theater were: The Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake and etc.
The name of the Bolshoi is associated with the names of such luminaries of Russian and world culture as composers Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein, Sergei Vasilievich Rakhmaninov, Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich, singers Sergei Yakovlevich Lemeshev, ballerinas Galina Sergeevna Ulanova, Maya Mikhailovna Plisetskaya and many others.
And in our time the Bolshoi Theater remains main stage Russia and one of the greatest theater venues in the world.
2) Next to the Bolshoi is the Maly Theatre. The Maly Theatre, also called Ostrovsky's house, is a drama theater
The construction of the building of the Maly Theater began in 1821. The theater opened on September 14, 1924.
This theater played an outstanding role in the development of Russian national culture. Modern generation artists and directors of the Maly Theater relies on the rich traditions and experience of great predecessors : Mikhail Semenovich Shchepkin, Pavel Stepanovich Mochalov, Prov Mikhailovich Sadovsky, Maria Nikolaevna Yermolova and others.
Today, as before, plays by A.P. Chekhov, L.N. Tolstoy, A.N. Ostrovsky. His talented and creative troupe releases 4-5 new performances every season. The Maly Theater is included in the list of especially valuable cultural objects our country, along with Bolshoi Theater, Tretyakov Gallery, the Hermitage.
So, if you remember the levels of seating in the theater, then finding the row and seat will not be difficult.
Today we met different types theatrical performances and different theaters in which they pass. But in whatever theater we go, we must be able to behave properly so as not to look wild and ill-mannered.
And now let's get acquainted with the rules of conduct in the theater.
Come to the theater on time. Actors and musicians were preparing to meet you. All these people made sure that you did not have to wait for the performance to begin. It is also necessary to respect the spectators who came on time.
At the mirror in the wardrobe, you can only fix your hair. You need to comb your hair in the toilet room.
In the cloakroom, give your coat to the cloakroom attendant by throwing it over the barrier.
Do not forget to check in advance if the hanger on your coat has come off so that you are not ashamed of others for your slovenliness.
If you come to the theater with a large bag or package, put them in the cloakroom.
Passing to your place, walk along the rows of chairs facing the seated spectators.
If you have already taken your place in the auditorium, and the audience is walking past you to their seats, be sure to get up and let them pass.
Where are we going to sit, any place?
Sit in the seat indicated on your ticket. If your place suddenly turned out to be occupied and they don’t want to release it, don’t get into an argument - ask the usher to settle this misunderstanding.
When sitting in a chair, do not put your hands on both armrests.
And why not, just as convenient?
During the intermission, do not rush to the buffet, pushing others around. If they gave you money for cakes, and you came to the theater with friends, invite them to the buffet and treat them.
Do not get up from your seat until the performance is over - do not interfere with other spectators.
Do not rush to the wardrobe for outerwear, as if you did not like the performance and you are trying to run home as soon as possible. No matter how many spectators gathered in the wardrobe after the performance, everyone manages to get dressed in 10-15 minutes.
So we remembered the rules of behavior for the audience, and now let's get acquainted with the life of the theater from the side of the actor.
Now I suggest you play theater.
We will split into 2 groups.
Group 1 - you are actors and must put on a mini-performance. Here is the scenario of the fairy tale for you, your task is to act it out on our imaginary stage.
Group 2 - you are artists, your task is to come up with and draw a poster for our performance. (A poster is a colorful announcement about a performance, concert, lecture. On the poster you can find information about where the spectacle will be, what, when). And to find it there, you have to place it there.
When creating a poster for our performance, show your imagination.
Scenario:
Characters:
Narrator:
Once Grandfather planted a turnip.
Grandfather: “Grow, grow, sweet turnip! Grow, grow, strong turnip! Grow, grow, big turnip!”
Narrator: And the turnip grew BIG - BIG! (The narrator raises his hands and shows how big the turnip is). Grandfather came to the turnip, began to pull it.
Pulls - pulls, but cannot pull.
Grandfather (waving his hand):“Grandma, help me pull the turnip!”
(Grandma grabs Grandfather. They pull the turnip, swaying back and forth together).
Grandfather: Oh!
grandma: Ah!
Narrator:
Grandma (waving)“Granddaughter, help pull the turnip!”
(Granddaughter grabs Grandmother, and together they try to pull out a turnip. The turnip does not give in).
Dedka: Oh!
grandmother: Oh!
Granddaughter: Wow!
Narrator: They pull - they pull, but they cannot pull it out.
Granddaughter (waves):"Bug, help us pull the turnip!"
Bug: Af-Af-Af!
(He moves his hands like paws. The bug grabs the Granddaughter, and they all together try to pull out the turnip. The turnip does not give in)
grandmother: Oh
Dedka: Oh
Granddaughter: wow
Narrator: They pull - they pull, but they cannot pull it out.
Bug:"Cat, help us pull the turnip!"
(The cat grabs the Beetle, and they all try to pull the turnip out. The turnip does not give in).
grandmother: Oh!
Dedka: Oh!
Granddaughter: Wow!
Bug: Af!
Cat: Meow!
Narrator: They pull - they pull, but they cannot pull it out.
Cat:"Well, there's only one thing left for us to do: call the mouse."
All:“MOUSE?
Cat:"Mouse, help us pull the turnip!"
(The mouse grabs the Cat, and they all pull the turnip together. The turnip pulls out.).
Narrator (claps his hands):"Pull out the turnip!"
(Grandfather, Turnip, Grandmother, Granddaughter, Bug, Cat, Mouse hold hands and bow to the audience).
Time is over. I first invite a group with a ready-made poster to the board.
Tell us what you depicted on it and why? You would go to such a performance with such a poster.
Well done boys! Thank you, take your seats in the stalls. Now let's watch our mini-play.
“The theater is already full, the boxes are shining; Parterre and chairs - everything is in full swing ... "
So let's start. Third call. . A curtain.
Well done! In the theater, it is customary to express one's delight with the exclamation: "Bravo!" and applause.
So, guys, let's remember what we learned today, what we learned at least a little.
Who remembers?
Where did theater as an art originate?
- what were the folk actors called?
Can Moscow be called world
cultural center and why?
- How to quickly find your place in the hall?
What Moscow theaters are known all over the world?
What theaters have you been to?
- Who remembers how the auditorium is arranged? (What's happened…
- places that are
closest to the stage?
- seats on the sides of the stalls?
- tier located above
partner?)
What rules of behavior in the theater do you remember? (How to dress in the theater? How to get to your place correctly? How to behave during the performance?
Where should you sit in the hall?
Ekaterina Sesterova
Scenario extracurricular activities"World of Dolls"
Between heaven and puppet tribe
Distance is nothing.
And born as if by time,
All the same, they are more reliable than him.
No matter what the spiteful critics croak there
About the end of goodness and love,
Even in a storm its inhabitants
Remain, imagine, people.
March 21 is the International Day puppeteer which aims to honor and glorify puppet theaters around the world and those who work in them. And, of course, central characters international day puppeteer are a different kind of dolls!
First International Day puppeteer celebrated on March 21, 2003. On this day it is customary to play puppet performances and festivals puppets and puppeteers, as well as to carry out other Events dedicated to puppets and theaters dolls.
By the way, if you do not want to offend puppeteer never use the expression « puppet show» - after all « puppet» Means "not real"! And in the theater puppets are all for real. There are real experiences, real emotions, real work. puppeteers, decorators and other people working in the theater. Most likely, you think that the theater dolls- This place is only for children, and children's fairy tales are played here. But you are mistaken - in the theater dolls they put on not only children's performances, but also serious adult productions and even operas! So the theater dolls- this is the same serious art as the dramatic theater.
In addition, the theater dolls It is a very complex mechanism with many varieties. For example, categories dolls, "playing" in the theatre, there are whole three:
riding puppets - those that are above the puppeteer, and they are controlled with a cane or by putting them on the hand like a glove;
grassroots puppets - those that are at the feet of the puppeteer, and they are controlled with a cane or threads;
middle - those that are on the same level with the puppeteer (this type also includes shadow theater).
international day puppeteer is a holiday not only for theater workers dolls but also all the people who love dolls.
You ask - when and how did the very first dolls appear? History of occurrence dolls goes back to the Stone Age. In those days, dolls were created from what was under hand: leaves, grass, stone, wood. They were very simple, with barely outlined details of the face and figure, but always expressive and recognizable. They depicted the gods and served as amulets that protected people from the dangers of the outside world.
But today we will focus on the dolls that existed in Rus'.
In Rus', and for everyone Slavic peoples, there was a great variety dolls, they can be roughly divided into three groups:
game - dolls with which you can play;
amulets - dolls that are used as a talisman that protects a person from danger;
ritual - dolls participating in folk rituals.
Since ancient times, a rag doll has been a traditional toy of the Russian people. They were divided stitched and folded. Rolled dolls were made without a needle and thread. On wooden stick they wound a thick layer of fabric, and then tied it with a rope.
The earliest among traditional gaming rolled Russian dolls was a doll"log": it was a wooden log, dressed in stylized women's clothing.
Play rolled dolls include dolls - twists, which were made very simply. The body is a piece of fabric twisted around its axis and fastened with a thread. The hands are made in the same way and, finally, a small ball - the head is attached to the body with the help of a thread.
The doll "for free" was a sewn play doll. It was sewn by girls up to 12 years old and was an exam in sewing and needlework. Every girl wanted to do it faster chrysalis, on which she could show knowledge of the costume, so as not to stay too long with young children and get to the gatherings in time. They sewed dolls "for free" mainly during the Christmas and Great Lent, and in the spring, after Easter, they walked around the village, showing off the sewn dolls. Playing with dolls was encouraged by adults, because playing with them, the child learned how to manage the household, acquired the image of a family. The doll was not just a toy, but a symbol of procreation, a guarantee of family happiness. IN puppet games, children involuntarily learned to sew, embroider, spin, comprehend traditional art dressing. The doll accompanied a person from birth to death.
Majority dolls in Rus' they were amulets. Charm - an amulet or a magic spell that saves a person from various dangers, as well as an object on which the spell is spoken and which is worn on the body as a talisman.
Dolls - amulets in Rus' lead their history from ancient pagan times. They are made from natural materials that are brought from forests: tree, vine, grass, straw. And this is not accidental, because the forest is the habitat of the Russian people. Dolls made on the basis of a birch wood are a talisman of family happiness. Aspen has always been considered dangerous for evil spirits, therefore pupae, made on the basis of an aspen wood, are amulets of the house, drive away evil spirits from the dwelling. Main feature Russian folk pupae - pure face, no nose, mouth and eyes. Because according to ancient beliefs, it was believed that "if you do not draw a face, then you will not move in devilry and will not bring harm to a child or an adult. "According to legend, once such a doll saved a life, replacing a person during a sacrifice. Then other "duties" appeared at the amulets. Wedding lovebirds protect a young family from the evil eye, and fever dolls will drive away away all sickness.
Stolbushka is the most important and the first amulet doll in Russian folk tradition. It is based on a wooden "column", hence its name - Stolbushka. It is believed that this doll is an assistant in Soul Conversation. She can complain about fate, express everything that hurts and worries, and then it will become easier and clearer how to live on.
A swaddle is both a charm doll and the first toy of a newborn. In the old days, a woman waiting for the birth of a child would make and put a Swaddle in the cradle, and then next to the baby, so that she would protect him from evil spirits. The swaddle is made in such a size to fit in the baby's hand, then it can be the first toy that he will hold and consider.
A bunny on a finger was made or given to a child from three years. It was at this age that parents began to leave the child alone, and so that he was not afraid, and had someone to play with, they made such a bunny for him. He was a Friend for a child to talk to and a talisman against loneliness and fears.
Nanny This little doll given to a child when he left the house to the outside world. The nanny protected the child, gave him Strength and Courage.
"Plantain" is a traditional amulet doll for travelers. In her bundle everything you might need in road: some cereal, a coin and a pinch native land not to forget to come back.
The bell is a Good News doll. This doll brings Joy and Fun to the house, she has protected Have a good mood. Giving the Bell, a person wishes his friend to receive only good news and maintains a joyful and cheerful mood in him.
A very significant part dolls were ceremonial. Our ancestors lived quite cheerfully - that circle of life that takes place during the year was accompanied by certain actions, rituals and holidays, and in them one of the leading roles was always assigned to the doll.
Ritual multi-armed doll Ten-handled. It was made from bast or straw. In the manufacture of used threads of red color, which is protective. At the bottom of the sundress, 9 red thread-bows are necessarily tied in a circle. chrysalis was intended to help girls prepare their dowry, and women in different cases such as weaving, sewing, embroidery, knitting, etc. Traditionally, after being made, it was burned almost immediately.
chrysalis gift-for-a-gift - educational doll. She helped teach the child gratitude. It was the first doll that a child had to make himself at the age of 3-4 years. Children also made this doll for their parents, from an early age they learned to be grateful to them for taking care of them and raising them.
Doll "Pod-herbal" In order for the air in the hut to be clean, they made a useful chrysalis"Kubyshka-Travnitsu". The skirt bag was stuffed with fragrant soothing herbs - oregano, St. John's wort, mint, yarrow or pine needles. Or filled medicinal herbs and placed by the bed of the sick, so that the herbal smell would drive away the spirits of illness from him. This is ancient aromatherapy.
And in order for the house to be satisfying and rich, the mistress of the house made a grain doll, or grain. They did it after the harvest. At the heart of the doll is a bag with grains collected from the field. They stuffed it with different grains. Also, this doll was made by a woman so that she would have children.
Doll Kupavka is a ritual doll of one day. "Kupavka" personified the beginning of bathing. She was floated on the water, and the ribbons tied to her hands took human illnesses and hardships with them - such importance was attached to the cleansing power of water. This doll of the holidays of Agrafena Kupalnitsa and Ivan Kupala. The procedure for making "Kupavka" is very simple. Two sticks of different lengths are tied crosswise. On the upper part of the cross, they strengthen the head of a light-colored fabric stuffed with rags, the hands of the doll are covered with the same fabric. Fix the fabric on the neck, arms and belt of the doll. Tie the straps of a sundress made of bright fabric. They put a skirt, a scarf on the doll, tie a belt, and tie ribbons of fabric on their hands.
Kolyada - Slavic holiday winter solstice and, apparently, the deity of the same name. The winter solstice falls on December 25th. At this time, the most very coldy, according to ancient beliefs, coinciding with the revelry of unclean spirits and evil witches. To help Kolyada win and drive away evil spirits, those who celebrated his day burned bonfires, sang and danced around them. This doll is a symbol of the sun and good relations in family. Kolyada doll is made from saw cut wood. Bread and salt are in bags suspended from the belt. A broom is stuck in the belt, with which Kolyada drives away evil spirits.
The ceremonial doll Maslenitsa was made of straw or bast, but a tree was always used - a thin trunk of a birch. Straw, like wood, personified the exuberant power of vegetation. On her hands they put dishes used in the preparation of pancakes, hung ribbons, tying which people made wishes. These ribbons, in order for wishes to come true, had to burn down with the doll.
Martinichki is an attribute of the rite of "invocation" of spring, in which young people and children mainly participated. Dolls knitted in pairs: from white threads - a symbol of the outgoing winter, from red threads - a symbol of spring and the hot sun. Such couples pupae hung on the branches of trees.
As you can see, division dolls for play, ritual, amulets are very conditional. The game doll was also a talisman of the child, as well as a ceremonial one.
Today we will try to make ritual pupae – Martinichek.
