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At least in order to see with my own eyes the paintings “Girl with Peaches”, “Rooks Have Arrived”, “The Appearance of Christ to the People”, “Morning in pine forest"and many other works of Russian visual arts, familiar even to all people far from painting from candy wrappers and Internet memes.
website dug into the collection art museum and chose 10 paintings with an interesting story. We hope they will inspire you to visit the Tretyakov Gallery.
"The Apotheosis of War" Vasily Vereshchagin
The picture was painted in 1871 under the impression of military operations in Turkestan, which struck eyewitnesses with their cruelty. Initially, the canvas was called "The Triumph of Tamerlane", whose troops left behind such pyramids of skulls. According to history, once the women of Baghdad and Damascus turned to Tamerlane, who complained about their husbands, mired in sins and depravity. Then the cruel commander ordered each soldier from his 200,000-strong army to bring a severed head of lecherous husbands. After the order was executed, 7 pyramids of heads were laid out.
"Unequal Marriage" Vasily Pukirev
The painting depicts the wedding process in Orthodox Church. A young dowry bride marries an old official against her will. According to one version, in the picture - love drama the artist himself. The prototype in the image of the bride depicts the failed bride of Vasily Pukirev. And in the image of the best man, depicted at the edge of the picture behind the bride, with his hands folded on his chest, is the artist himself.
"Boyar Morozova" Vasily Surikov
Giant in size (304 by 586 cm) painting by Vasily Surikov depicts a scene from history church schism in the 17th century. The painting is dedicated to Morozova Theodosia Prokopievna - an associate of the spiritual leader of the supporters of the old faith, Archpriest Avvakum. Around 1670, she secretly took the veil as a nun, was arrested in 1671, and in 1673 sent to the Pafnutev-Borovsky Monastery, where she was starved to death in an earthen prison.
The painting depicts an episode when the noblewoman Morozova is being transported around Moscow to the place of imprisonment. Next to Morozova is her sister Evdokia Urusova, who shared the fate of a schismatic; in the depths - a wanderer, in whose face the features of the artist are read.
"They didn't expect" Ilya Repin
The second picture, painted in 1884-1888, depicts the moment of the unexpected return home of a political exile. The boy and the woman at the piano (apparently his wife) are happy, the girl looks wary, the maid is incredulous, in the hunched figure of the mother in the foreground one feels a deep emotional shock.
Currently, both paintings are part of the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery.
"Trinity" Andrey Rublev
The Tretyakov Gallery has the richest collection of ancient Russian art of the 11th-17th centuries, including works by Dionysius, Simon Ushakov and Andrei Rublev. In the 60th hall of the gallery hangs one of the most famous and famous icons in the world - "Trinity", painted by Andrei Rublev in the first quarter of the 15th century. Three angels gathered around the table on which the sacrificial bowl stands for a quiet, unhurried conversation.
The "Trinity" is stored in the hall of ancient Russian painting of the Tretyakov Gallery, in a special glass case, which maintains constant humidity and temperature, and which protects the icon from any external influences.
"Unknown" Ivan Kramskoy
The place of action of the picture is beyond doubt - this is Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg, Anichkov Bridge. But the image of a woman is still a mystery of the artist. Neither in the letters nor in the diaries did Kramskoy leave any mention of the unknown person. Critics connected this image with Anna Karenina of Leo Tolstoy, with Nastasya Filippovna of Fyodor Dostoevsky, the names of famous ladies of the world were called. There is also a version that the painting depicts the artist's daughter, Sofia Ivanovna Kramskaya.
AT Soviet time"Unknown" Kramskoy became almost a Russian Sistine Madonna - an ideal unearthly beauty and spirituality. And hung in every decent Soviet house.
"Bogatyrs" Viktor Vasnetsov
Vasnetsov painted this picture for almost twenty years. On April 23, 1898, it was completed and soon bought by P. M. Tretyakov for his gallery.
In epics, Dobrynya is always young, like Alyosha, but for some reason Vasnetsov portrayed him as a mature man with a luxurious beard. Some researchers believe that Dobrynya's facial features resemble the artist himself. The prototype for Ilya Muromets was the peasant of the Vladimir province Ivan Petrov, whom Vasnetsov had previously captured in one of the studies.
By the way, Ilya Muromets is not fairy tale character, a historical person. history of his life and feats of arms- it real events. Having grown old and finished his labors in protecting the homeland, he became a monk Kievo-Pechersky Monastery where he died in 1188.
"Bathing the Red Horse" Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin
The painting “Bathing the Red Horse”, which amazed contemporaries with its monumentality and fatefulness, brought the artist Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin world fame. The red horse acts as the Destiny of Russia, which the fragile and young rider is unable to hold. According to another version, the Red Horse is Russia itself. In this case, it is impossible not to note the visionary gift of the artist, who symbolically predicted the “red” fate of Russia in the 20th century with his painting.
The horse Petrov-Vodkin wrote from a real stallion named Boy. To create the image of a teenager sitting on a horse, the artist used the features of his student, the artist Sergei Kalmykov: “For the attention of the future compilers of my monograph. On a red horse, our dearest Kuzma Sergeevich portrayed me. ... In the form of a languid young man on this banner, I am depicted in my own person.
"The Swan Princess" Mikhail Vrubel
The painting was painted in 1900 based on the stage image of the heroine of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan based on the plot of the fairy tale of the same name by A. S. Pushkin. Vrubel designed this performance, and the part of the Swan Princess was performed by the artist's wife, Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel. “All the singers sing like birds, and Nadia - like a person!” Vrubel spoke about her.
“The Appearance of Christ to the People” by A.A. Ivanov
A.A. Ivanov can be called "an artist of one picture." He wrote the epic painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People” for 20 years. The painting depicts the moment of Christ's descent to the Jordan River and his meeting with John the Baptist. The models for many of the characters in the picture were real people- in particular, the artist himself and his friend N.V. Gogol.
The painting was exhibited in St. Petersburg in May 1858, and a month and a half later the artist died. When in 1925 it was decided to move the painting to the Tretyakov Gallery, for a huge canvas measuring 5.4 x 7.5 meters there was no room suitable in size, and for it a separate hall had to be attached to the main building of the gallery.
☼ ☼ ☼“Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16, 1581” (“Ivan the Terrible kills his son”), I. E. Repin
It is still not known for sure whether Ivan the Terrible really killed his son in a fit of rage, or whether it historical legend. But that doesn't matter. In the picture I.E. Repin shows the main thing - deep essence evil that grew out of rapture with power, despotism and permissiveness. This is not only a canvas that is stunning in terms of its impact, but also a vivid indicator of human malice and intolerance.
The painting "Ivan the Terrible" became the first work of art in the history of Russia, which was subjected to censorship. Emperor Alexander III forbade P. Tretyakov, who bought the painting, to exhibit it or show it privately. Tretyakov himself experienced such a strong negative emotional impact of this work that he had to move the canvas to a separate room. In 1913, the painting was vandalized - it was cut up by an unbalanced Old Believer icon painter. In 2013, a group of aggressive Orthodox activists tried to arrange for the painting to be removed from the museum.
☼ ☼ ☼"The Apotheosis of War" by V.V. Vereshchagin
“The Apotheosis of War” is a deeply symbolic painting by the famous battle painter Vereshchagin, who happened to take part in hostilities around the world, from the Balkans to Turkestan, India and China. This is a vivid and expressive protest against wars and violence.
Vereshchagin himself, with bitter irony, defined the genre of his painting as follows: "except for the crows, then this is a still life, translated from French as" dead nature "". Indeed, a huge mountain of skulls, cut with sabers and pierced by bullets, in a withered stone desert under a bright blue sky - "dead nature", a logical result of any military conflicts. On the frame of the picture there is an inscription: "Dedicated to all the great conquerors - past, present and future."
☼ ☼ ☼"Boyar Morozova" V. I. Surikov
epic historical painting was written by V. Surikov based on "The Tale of the Boyar Morozova" - the biography of the heroine of the Old Believer movement, which was popular in his native Siberian lands. The painting “Boyar Morozova” is still one of the central ones in the exposition of the Tretyakov Gallery. Critics of that time compared it to the "Persian carpet" for the image of a motley, many-sided crowd, forming a kind of "pattern". It is noteworthy that the faces of all the characters depicted, even minor ones, are strictly individual and carefully written out. For this picture, Surikov created more than a hundred portrait sketches!
☼ ☼ ☼"Lacemaker" V. A. Tropinin
Until the age of 47, V.A. Tropinin was a serf. True, his master, Count Morkov, noticed the young man's artistic talent and sent him to study at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts for several years, but later Tropinin had to combine the duties of a court painter and a servant for many years. He received a “free” only in 1823, and in the same year he painted the painting “The Lacemaker”, which struck art critics lyricism and immediacy. The work is permeated with the spirit of intimacy and joy. Everyday life. Sincere female images of Tropinin became classics of Russian painting, and he himself was called the "Russian Rembrandt".
☼ ☼ ☼"Morning in a pine forest" I. Shishkin, K. Savitsky
The painting "Morning in a Pine Forest" is better known in Russia under popular name"Three Bears". During the Soviet era, the popular chocolate sweets "Mishka kosolapy" were produced, on the wrapper of which a reproduction of this work was depicted. In fact, there are four bears in the picture, not three. The age-old pine forest covered with morning fog belongs to the brush of the unsurpassed landscape master I. Shishkin, funny bear cubs painted by artist Konstantin Savitsky. But after purchasing the painting, P. Tretyakov erased Savitsky's signature, so its authorship was attributed to Shishkin alone for a long time.
☼ ☼ ☼"Seated Demon" M. Vrubel
Vrubel's images of demons are a unique phenomenon in Russian painting. They have nothing to do with the biblical embodiment of evil. Vrubel's demons personify the strength and greatness of the human spirit, overwhelmed by doubts, sorrow and suffering. The most expressive in this gallery of images is the “Seated Demon”. He is embodied in the image of a young man, as if sandwiched between the upper and lower edges of the picture against the backdrop of a blazing sunset. The effect of anxiety and confusion is emphasized by Vrubel's specific, unique pictorial style - sharp vibrating strokes resembling a mosaic. Contrary to popular belief, The Demon was written before Vrubel began illustrating poem of the same name Lermontov.
☼ ☼ ☼"Bogatyrs" V. Vasnetsov
"Bogatyrs" - not only the most famous picture V. Vasnetsov, but also one of the most popular works of art in Russia. Everyone knows her, young and old, more often under the name "Three heroes". Bogatyr theme - the basis folk mythology Rus'. The names of Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich, the valiant defenders of the Russian people, have been familiar to us since childhood.
V. Vasnetsov painted the painting "Bogatyrs" for more than 20 years, bringing every detail to perfection. He considered this work his "creative duty, obligation to his native people." The philanthropist Savva Mamontov built a separate pavilion in the Abramtsevo estate, where Vasnetsov could work on a huge canvas. The prototype of Ilya Muromets was the blacksmith from Abramtsevo Ivan Petrov, Alyosha Popovich - the youngest son of Mamontov Andrey. But Dobrynya Nikitich - collective image the artist himself, his father and grandfather.
☼ ☼ ☼"Girl with Peaches" V.A. Serov
“Girl with Peaches” is one of the most joyful, fresh and lyrical paintings late XIX century. It was written by the twenty-two-year-old V. Serov in Abramtsevo, the estate of the philanthropist Savva Mamontov, where famous artists that time. The portrait depicts the owner's daughter, 12-year-old Vera Mamontova. By the way, the peaches laid out on the table were not at all brought from warm lands, they were grown in the greenhouse of the estate by a virtuoso gardener. Later, V. Serov became one of the best portrait painters in Europe and immortalized many famous contemporaries, but The Girl with Peaches is still his most famous work.
☼ ☼ ☼"Bathing the Red Horse" K.P. Petrov-Vodkin
"Bathing the Red Horse" by K. Petrov-Vodkin is one of the most unusual and symbolic paintings of the early twentieth century. The original spherical perspective and color scheme of the painting were created under the influence of the traditions of Russian icon painting and Italian frescoes. When critics accused the artist of the fact that there are no red horses, he showed them old Russian icons, on which the horses were of the same color. In Russian icon painting, red denotes the greatness of life, and sometimes sacrifice. Contemporaries considered the picture of Petrov-Vodkin prophetic and associated the red horse with Russia, which the young fragile rider was unable to hold.
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The pictorial language is rich in possibilities for expressing thoughts about the world around us. The artist operates with color, signs and images, revealing the idea of his work. In classical fine arts, a whole system has been developed artistic means to read the intent of the picture. A feature of amateur art is that amateur artists paint pictures outside the rules of painting. Their creativity is based on feelings and natural talent. Not having vocational education and not being familiar with the laws of pictorial language, amateur artists create in order to express emotional experiences, to throw out emotions that overwhelm them.
There are not many amateur artists today. The availability of art materials allows more and more people to turn to fine art. Growing interest in amateur creativity. Everywhere there are exhibitions of amateur fine arts, which present a wide variety of genres and techniques of painting. Many of the amateur artists have an undoubted talent, but among the numerous authors, masters with a special creative gift stand out. Their paintings are filled with warmth and deep sincere kindness. Such works, despite the fact that they are not made by professionals, go back to the height of art.
Like any other category of art, amateur painting has its admirers. This is evidenced by the interest in exhibitions of paintings by amateur artists, who have long and firmly entered modern cultural life. In private collections, collections of various museums, collections of folk art of the “naive” direction began to form. Yes, in National Museum history and culture, the collection of "naive" art began to be collected as early as 1965. In today's realities, one who is seriously interested in folk painting and at the same time he happens to be abroad, he can visit museums of “naive”, otherwise – in-sit, art, which are in many countries. In Russia, a museum of naive art was created in Moscow. It appeared at the end of the 20th century and is popular. Following the example of metropolitan assemblies and in the regions, interest in folk art is growing. A collection of works by amateur artists has been formed in the Vologda Regional Scientific and Methodological Center of Culture for several years now. Officially, the ONMCC art collection was registered in 1997. The purpose of creating the meeting was to support one of the activities of the Regional Scientific and Methodological Center of Culture - the development of amateur folk art.
The collection is formed from highly artistic works of modern folk art, decorative-applied and fine arts and contains two funds: the main and auxiliary scientific. The main fund consists of objects of historical and artistic value in the field of folk art, decorative and applied arts, crafts and needlework. Scientific Auxiliary Fund - sketches, sketches for paintings, valuable photographs and handwritten materials about the work of famous folk authors, as well as less artistically valuable works of folk craftsmen and artists, methodological developments, video recordings.
Today, the Center's collection includes more than eight hundred items, of which more than five hundred are in the main fund, more than two hundred - in the scientific auxiliary fund.
Pictures of talented "self-taught" make up one of the significant parts of the art collection of folk art ONMCC. It presents the whole range of genres and many artistic directions painting. But the priority argument for the inclusion of paintings by one or another author in the composition of the art collection remains the style close to the folk foundations of art and the "naive" direction. The selection process for acquiring a work for the collection is meticulous and pedantic. Therefore, despite the fact that in the Vologda region more than six hundred people, without professional education, are engaged in fine arts, only a little more than forty names adorn the art collection of the ONMCC with their works. And, as a result, the art collection consists of the best works fine arts, continuing folk traditions painting.
Particularly valuable and interesting in the art collection are paintings historical genre. This genre is represented by the work of several amateur artists from the Vologda region. V. N. Sivtsov, A. D. Shchepelin, R. M. Bogdanov are artists of different styles of painting, characters, temperament. The painters are united by the fact that in their paintings a person dominates as a creator of history, a participant in past events.
Collection of paintings Vladimir Nikolaevich Sivtsov one of the most numerous in the art collection. The name of this artist is known not only in Vologda. His work has repeatedly taken part in International Exhibition"Insita" in Budapest, in Russian exhibitions of naive art in Moscow. The artist's works are distinguished by immediacy. His pictorial language is clear, beautiful and expressive. The works of V. N. Sivtsov have rightly been assessed by art historians as “masterpieces of folk art, rare works” (Catalogue of the exhibition “Naive Art of Russia”, Moscow, 1998).
One of the most popular works by Sivtsov, which belongs to the art collection of ONMCC, is "Adam and Eve in Paradise" (1994). It was acquired after the death of the artist from his son V. V. Sivtsov. This picture marked the beginning of a series of works on the biblical theme. Appeal to the theme of Christianity was not accidental for the artist. Characteristic of Sivtsov was an interest in vivid images a heightened sense of justice and love for people. Indifference left an imprint on the whole life of Vladimir Nikolayevich. Even when choosing a profession, he showed his romantic nature and devoted himself to serving the Fatherland in the ranks Soviet army in the Far East, and after being transferred to the reserve in 1955, he entered the service in the internal affairs bodies in Vologda. Having retired in 1978, Vladimir Nikolaevich was not satisfied with the peace and quiet of a well-deserved rest. His soul, as in his youth, strove for new impressions and dedication. The search led him to read the Bible, in which he discovered an alternative understanding of the world around him. How revelation became for Sivtsov Christian worldview. In it, he found the joy of love for a person and the definition of the self-worth of a person in this world, something that was in short supply in the real world and what he passionately believed in. And it is natural that the artist could not but express his attitude to the topic that excites him through paintings. Across biblical themes in his paintings, Sivtsov asserted his understanding of the trepidation of human relationships and emotions, the relationship of man and nature as one-created.
In the painting “Adam and Eve in Paradise”, the artist does not just retell the text of the Bible, but tells about the life that, in his opinion, is bliss. Peace, tranquility and beauty breathe nature and people in his work: a sprawling tree, like an image of paradise, blooms and smells sweet; animals in friendship with each other; woman and man are naked not only in body, but also in soul, since they have nothing to hide and no one to fear.
In the coloring of the picture there is no brightness and festivity. The artist uses pure but soft colors, which adds to spiritual state the plot of the picture is peace and unearthly purity. There is no shadow here. Every detail of this world itself radiates light, and therefore the volumes of forms are only guessed, colors are local.
The first picture was followed by the work "Adam and Eve after the expulsion from Paradise" (1995). Then a few more stories from Christianity were reflected in his works. In them, the artist tells about the events simply and directly. Without being carried away by the divinity of what is happening, VN Sivtsov interprets the biblical story as a historical fact, as a reality.
Strong human emotions have always been reflected in Sivtsov's work. Love, hate, sadness, joy - everything that disturbed the artist, excited the soul, developed into the plot of the picture. In his style was the depiction of vivid historical events, presented in such paintings as the “Battle of Kulikovo. 1380" (1992), "Vologda meets space heroes Belyaev and Leonov" (1994), "They defended democracy" (1991).
Another series of the artist's works is reflected in the art collection of ONMTsK - portraits of the great people of Russia. And in them, again, the author focuses on vivid human relationships: Pushkin is a romantic in love, walking with Anna Kern; Stepan Razin is depicted at the moment of choosing between a feeling of love and loyalty to friends, throwing the princess into the waves of the river.
Paintings Anatoly Dmitrievich Shchepelin another example of when the fate of a person filled with events turned into the diversity of the artist's work. During his life, Anatoly Dmitrievich visited different parts of our country, was related to the most diverse professions. After graduating from the Veliky Ustyug Construction College, from 1938 he worked in the Nikolsky District Executive Committee. And in 1939 he went to the Black Sea Fleet, where he served until the start Patriotic War. In September 1941, as part of the first naval voluntary detachment, he went to defend the city of Odessa, where he was wounded. After there was the defense of the Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, the Karelian Front, Halkingol, Port Arthur and South Sakhalin. After demobilization, his multifaceted personality found application in a wide variety of fields of activity. Shchepelin worked as a teacher of drawing and drawing, director of the House of Culture, construction technician, architect, foreman at the Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant. After retirement, Anatoly Dmitrievich moved to the city of Nikolsk, where he began to paint pictures about his life, the lives of people around him.
The art collection presents Shchepelin's works of various genres. Here are battle scenes with episodes of the Great Patriotic War, and the peaceful life of the author's contemporaries, and the history of his native Nikolsk, portraits of people dear to the artist.
Pictures of the naive direction of painting are in most cases detailed in detail. Each of them serves to develop the plot, characterize the theme. Shchepelin's paintings are no exception. Snow-covered, whitening birch trunks, traces in the snow from runners and felt boots, or boats with people on the water, ships with guns - everything helps to build the narrative of the picture.
The author treats each topic with special trepidation, conveying his emotions to the viewer. But a special experience in the artist's work is filled with military theme. The hard-won heroic truth about the time of the Great Patriotic War, in the paintings of Shchepelin, acquires a harsh reporter orientation. Being a participant in the events, Anatoly Dmitrievich, according to his memoirs, paints the paintings “Amphibious landing near Odessa in 1941” (2003), "Black Devils Attack" (2002), "Our Sevastopol" (2002). Building a composition of paintings, the artist remembers the location of not only military equipment, but also each participant in the battles. Documentary accuracy is an indispensable condition for Shchepelin. As a military man, everything matters to him when talking about strategy. At the same time, Shchepelin does not try to convey to the viewer a portrait resemblance actors. The artist operates with images, without setting himself the task of indispensable photographic recognition. It is enough for him that he himself knows the names of the people who fought side by side with him.
Roman Mikhailovich Bogdanov- a young artist, not only in terms of creative experience, but also in terms of age. All the more surprising is what he speaks so poignantly about human feelings justice and dignity. There is only one painting by the artist in the art collection. But looking at it, one can confidently say that its author is a master of a psychological portrait.
Bogdanov's painting is called "To live in spite of everything." It is difficult to attribute it to a naive direction, although the author is an amateur artist. The realism of the portrait image of a man blind in one eye, without fingers, with which he leans on an invalid cane, attaches this picture to professional art. In the picture of the young artist Roman Bogdanov, the image of a post-war cripple is just as poignant as in the work "Traces of War" by one of the greatest artists twentieth century Geliy Korzhev.
Not all amateur artists are close historical theme. In the art collection of the ONMCC there are paintings that, in their ideological content, are far from events passing in time, ethical problems, but express other eternal values. Many artists consider it their main task to reflect the beauty of this world, the harmony of nature and its tranquility. Landscape is one of the favorite genres of amateur artists.
The landscape row in the ONMCC collection is diverse in stylistic directions, one of which is the work of naive artists. Like the thematic works, the naive landscape is easy to understand, narrative and detailed in detail. But its visual simplicity in no way speaks of its primitiveness and soullessness. On the contrary, the artist builds an image of nature, meticulously delving into all the details, achieving accuracy in the characteristics with which he himself endowed her. The artist becomes a co-author of nature in the creation of beauty.
One of these authors, whose works are in the collection - Valentina Romanovna Uryupina. She comes from Stavropol. The nature of the South of Russia, rich in color and sun, awakened in her a craving for beauty as early as her childhood. But fate decreed that after marriage, Valentina and her family moved to live in the village of Verkhovazhye. And now she gives all her talent to the northern nature.
At first glance, in the landscapes of Valentina Uryupina, everything is simple. Blue sky, green trees, blue water. But the artist feels the harmony of nature, its modest charm and talentedly expresses his feelings in his paintings. In the lyrical landscapes of Valentina Romanovna - all the beauty of nature: the sound of grass under a gust of summer wind, the tenderness of still water in the rivers, the peace of the forests.
The absence of plot or figurative action in the works gives rise in the soul to a feeling of heartfelt simplicity, nostalgia for childhood impressions. The static nature of landscapes, their intricate compositional solutions fill the work with amazing fabulousness. Trees growing along the banks of the river frame the surface of the water with a beautiful pattern. Trunks in the forest thicket build the rhythm of a folk lullaby. It seems that another minute, and on the road in the artist’s picture Ivan Tsarevich will appear riding the Gray Wolf, or water will splash under the mermaid’s tail.
With a southern temperament, Valentina Romanovna endows northern nature with multicolor in her paintings. sun glare on the foliage of trees it decides in warm yellow and orange hues. From this, the images of trees fall on the canvas with a motley, iridescent brocade. The colors flow one into another, transmitting the vibration of the illuminated sunlight foliage. The movement of clouds across a light blue sky, the flow of blue waters in the Vaga River is conveyed by the artist by enriching the color with many nuances. Pink, purple, gray are mixed with blue, yellow colors, creating a sense of spatial illumination.
No less talented are the works of other naive artists. The landscapes of A. A. Arkhipov, A. A. Sokolov from Vologda, and A. A. Lebedev from Tarnoga are filled with contemplative purity. Their subtle, delicate attitude to their native northern nature determines the graceful color scheme paintings, simple and clear compositions. The landscapes of these artists attract with the velvety texture of foliage, fluffy grass, water, sky with light clouds. Color transitions so gentle that sometimes the shapes of objects are lost, flowing into each other, and only the feeling of air vibration in nature remains clear.
landscapes realistic direction in amateur art - a common and natural phenomenon. Many non-professional painters strive to master the skill and classical techniques of fine art. Natural talent and acquired experience in classical art make it possible for a lover of fine art to grow into a master who has full right for the name of the artist.
The art collection contains works by several painters who independently went from amateur to professional art. They are distinguished not only by their knowledge of painting technology and skill, but also by the possession of their own style when creating paintings. Each of them understands natural beauty in their own way and conveys their attitude towards it.
A lyrical landscape by N. Yu. Tonkova, acquired in 2006 in the art collection of the ONMCC. This artist gives priority to the landscape in her work, finding an amazing charm in it. Her painting is distinguished by transparency, the play of light and dark spots that build the composition of the picture and fill it with airy vibration, light noise.
Another master of landscape is A. A. Malkov, an artist from the city of Kharovsk. His works are close to classical writing. The mastery of color vision, the artist's compositional flair gives rise to paintings of a professional nature. A soft and harmonious combination of green leaves, warm shades of water and a gray-blue sky accurately characterize the northern nature in the summer in the artist's painting "Kharovskie Places". Feelings of calm and peace fill the work and resonate in the soul of every viewer.
In Malkov's painting "The Road to the Hill" the color scheme changes, and at the same time, the viewer's feelings are different. "The Road to the Mountain" leads us through the spring, looking forward to the rapid flowering of the field. Bright greens are transparent and fresh. The high blue sky is airy and light. The artist skillfully fills the picture with joyful excitement and optimism.
Alexander Afrikanovich Malkov has long been a recognized artist, and not only in Kharovsk. His works are popular with many art lovers and arouse genuine interest among professionals in Vologda, Moscow and other cities of Russia. Not focusing only on his work, the artist teaches painting at the Kharovsky Center for Traditional folk culture sharing his experience with grateful and numerous students.
The art collection of the ONMCC presents paintings of other, less popular, but no less favorite genres by authors: portraits, still lifes, household picture. Several works in the collection reflect literary tastes in the visual arts of amateur authors. So the artist from Gryazovets E. Yu. Kapustin is represented in the art collection with his work on the theme of Vasily Belov's story "A Usual Business". Painting "Tatiana pure soul” by the artist from Vologda T. I. Shamarina leads us to the poetry of A. S. Pushkin. Moreover, it should be noted that this picture is not a random, single phenomenon in the work of the artist. Her pictorial themes often coexist with Russian literature. With special love, for several years now, she has been revealing the theme of the novel "Eugene Onegin" in her work. The heroine of the novel is consonant with her not only by name, but also by her worldview, attitude.
The paintings of the ONMCC collection demonstrate the current state of amateur art in the Vologda Oblast in its entirety. The variety of plastic and pictorial forms, genre and thematic content, author's individualities, aesthetic ideas are reflected in the content of the art collection. Analysis of the collected material makes it possible to assess the development of modern artistic culture, its phenomena and processes.
Based on the materials of the art collection, not only analytical work, but also, taking into account the need to popularize amateur fine art, the items of the collection are constantly exhibited at various exhibitions and festivals. The mobility of the exhibits gives the creativity of artists a real outlet into the sphere of life and art.
Amateur fine art continues to develop. New original authors appear, interesting paintings. This gives rise to further development art collection ONMCC and enrichment of material for the study and popularization of amateur art.
Natalya Kulizhnikova, art historian
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Lecturer educational project Level One, graduate art historian Natalya Ignatova revealed the secrets of the five most mysterious paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery.
Faktrum publishes this amazing material for his reader.
"Bogatyrs", Viktor Vasnetsov, 1898
Viktor Vasnetsov devoted a significant part of his life to the picture with three heroes of epics and fairy tales. The canvas is one of the Tretyakov Gallery's record holders in terms of the number of years spent on its creation. The artist made the first sketch in 1871, and completed his masterpiece only in 1898.
Contrary to popular belief that the heroes went to the field just to take a walk and survey the surroundings, they are ready to rush into battle. The enemy stands in the distance, as it were, behind the back of the viewer, thickening clouds, hawks that look forward to prey testify to his presence, but the main thing is the extended sword of Dobrynya Nikitich and the bow in the hands of Alyosha Popovich, ready to shoot.
Emperor Alexander III became the prototype of Ilya Muromets, the artist wrote Dobrynya Nikitich from himself, but the prototype of Alyosha Popovich is not known for certain, it could be a commoner - Vasnetsov, in the process of working on the picture, painted many portraits of peasants, cabbies and blacksmiths, which, as it seemed to him, were somewhat similar to the famous fairy-tale characters.
"Unequal marriage", Vasily Pukirev, 1862
The plot for the picture was suggested to Vasily Pukirev by his friend, artist Pyotr Shmelkov. He knew well the manners of the wealthy and influential people for whom arranged marriages were commonplace. Pukirev thanked his friend for the idea by depicting him on the right behind the bride's back. The painter himself is also present in the picture: he painted himself in profile in the form of the bride's best man with crossed arms. Initially, the artist did not plan to place himself on the canvas: in his place was a friend whose lover was married to an elderly man. Moreover, Pukirev's friend, due to family circumstances, was forced to attend that wedding, which was unpleasant for himself, precisely as a best man.
Subsequently, a friend asked the artist to remove him from the canvas so that mutual friends and relatives would not remember this story once again. Then Pukirev wrote himself instead of him. If you visually divide the canvas diagonally from the upper right corner to the lower left, then the bride and her two friends will be on the right side. While on the left are the relatives and friends of the groom, deliberately depicted as unpleasant people. Thus, the canvas is divided into two semantic parts, as if personifying good and evil. Moreover, the priest is on the side of evil. This technique testifies to the artist's commitment to the principles of realism, thus he raises the question of the role of the church in society.
"Morning in a pine forest", Ivan Shishkin, Konstantin Savitsky, 1889
Not all lovers of sweets know what is over famous painting, which was then replicated on chocolate candy wrappers, was the work of two artists. Shishkin was responsible for the forest, and Savitsky was responsible for the bears. Moreover, the plot of the picture was invented by Savitsky. Initially there were two bears, but then their number increased. Collector Pavel Tretyakov bought the painting for 4,000 rubles.
However, it is believed that the collector did not like Savitsky's work. According to legend, Tretyakov said: “What terrible bears!” And the name of Savitsky on the canvas was smeared: according to one version, Tretyakov did it, and according to another, the artist himself, who was offended by not enduring criticism from the gallery owner. Shishkin's skill is expressed in the illumination of the forest: on the tops of the pines, the first rays of the sun are masterfully written out, which the audience usually does not notice, being distracted by the figures of bears.
"The Appearance of Christ to the People", Alexander Ivanov, 1857
the first meaningful picture on the biblical story, Alexander Ivanov wrote in 1834. It was "The Appearance of the Risen Christ to Mary Magdalene". And three years later, in 1837, he began to create the main work of his life - the epochal canvas "The Appearance of Christ to the People." The artist worked on the painting for 20 years in Italy. In the process of creating the canvas, he made more than 500 studies and sketches. All connoisseurs of painting in Russia knew that Ivanov was working on a monumental canvas. In May 1858, the painter decided to send the painting to St. Petersburg. According to legend, during the journey, the ship was overtaken by a strong storm. The artist turned the canvas into a tube and raised it over his head - he preferred not to see the death of his creation, but to drown himself if the ship went under water.
However, the canvas nevertheless arrived in St. Petersburg, where it was exhibited in one of the halls of the Academy of Arts. The public took the picture coldly - there were complaints about the too small figure of Christ, and the water, depicted not in an academic manner, but in free strokes. It is curious that Ivanov was ahead of his time in this sense, because later the Impressionists would work in a similar manner. In addition, the canvas was unfinished. On the left side, an old man is seen in a white loincloth, which is reflected in the water as a red spot. In the sketches, the bandage was really red, and the artist, apparently, simply forgot to repaint it. A month after the presentation of the work, Ivanov died, and a few hours after his death, Emperor Alexander II purchased the painting for 15,000 rubles. Despite the fact that the amount was substantial, initially the artist, who devoted half of his life to this work, counted on a much larger fee, but, unfortunately, did not manage to receive even this money.
"Moscow courtyard", Vasily Polenov, 1878
The picture of the Wanderer Vasily Polenov is closely connected with his other work called "Grandma's Garden". Both canvases depict the same house in the Arbat area, only with different parties. Polenov wrote his own famous work, having moved to Moscow from St. Petersburg and settled in one of the apartments of the house at the intersection of Durnovsky and Trubnikovsky lanes near the Church of the Savior on Sands.
The view depicted in the picture opened from his window. Moreover, it took Polenov quite a bit of time to create a masterpiece: in fact, this is a sketch painted from life. For the first time in the history of Russian painting, the artist combined two genres - domestic and landscape. The public, tired of the gloomy and depressing paintings of the Wanderers, took a cheerful sunny picture with delight. No one was even embarrassed by the garbage dump depicted in the lower left corner, which most viewers mistake for a well.
Today, in every museum you can listen to wonderful guides who will tell you in detail about the collection and the artists represented in it. At the same time, many parents know that it is difficult for most children to spend even an hour in a museum, and stories about the history of painting tire them rather quickly. So that children in the museum do not get bored, we offer a "cheat sheet" for parents - ten entertaining stories about paintings from the Tretyakov Gallery, which will be of interest to both children and adults.
1. Ivan Kramskoy. Mermaids, 1871
Ivan Kramskoy is primarily known as the author of the painting "Unknown" (she is often mistakenly called "The Stranger"), as well as a number of beautiful portraits: Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Shishkin, Dmitry Mendeleev. But it is better for children to start acquaintance with his work with magic picture"Mermaids", with which this is the story.
In August 1871, the artist Ivan Kramskoy was visiting the country estate of his acquaintance, art lover and famous philanthropist Pavel Stroganov. Walking in the evenings, he admired the moon and admired its magical light. During these walks, the artist decided to write night landscape and try to convey all the charm, all the magic of a moonlit night, "catch the moon" - in his own words.
Kramskoy began work on the painting. Appeared on the river bank moonlit night, a hillock and a house on it, surrounded by poplars. The landscape was beautiful, but something was missing - the magic was not born on the canvas. Nikolai Gogol's book "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka" came to the aid of the artist, or rather the story called "May Night, or the Drowned Woman" is fabulous and a little creepy. And then the mermaid girls appeared in the picture, illuminated by moonlight.
The artist worked so carefully on the picture that he began to dream about it and he constantly wanted to finish something in it. A year after it was bought by the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery, Pavel Tretyakov, Kramskoy once again wanted to change something in it and made minor changes right in the exhibition hall.
Kramskoy's canvas was the first "fabulous" painting in the history of Russian painting.
2. Vasily Vereshchagin. "Apotheosis of War", 1871
It so happened that people always fought. From time immemorial, brave leaders and powerful rulers equipped their armies and sent them to war. Of course, they wanted distant descendants to know about their military exploits, so poets composed poems and songs, and artists created beautiful paintings and sculptures. In these paintings, the war usually looked like a holiday - bright colors, fearless warriors going into battle ...
The artist Vasily Vereshchagin knew firsthand about the war - he took part in the battles more than once - and painted many paintings in which he depicted what he saw with his own eyes: not only brave soldiers and their commanders, but also blood, pain and suffering.
Once he thought about how to show all the horrors of war in one picture, how to let the audience understand that war is always grief and death, how to let others look at its disgusting details? He realized that it was not enough to paint a picture with a battlefield dotted with dead soldiers - such canvases were before. Vereshchagin came up with a symbol of war, an image, just by looking at which, everyone can imagine how terrible any war is. He painted a scorched desert, in the middle of which rises a pyramid of human skulls. Around - only dry, lifeless trees, and only crows flock to their feast. A dilapidated city can be seen in the distance, and the viewer can easily guess that there is no more life there.
3. Alexey Savrasov. "The Rooks Have Arrived", 1871
Everyone knows the picture “Rooks Have Arrived” since childhood, and for sure everyone wrote on it. school essays. And today teachers will definitely tell the children about lyrical landscapes Savrasov and about the fact that already in the very title of this picture one can hear a joyful harbinger of the morning of the year and everything in it is full of deep meaning close to the heart. Meanwhile, few people know that the famous "Rooks ...", as well as all the other works of Savrasov, could not exist at all.
Alexei Savrasov was the son of a petty Moscow haberdasher. The boy's desire to paint did not cause delight in the parent, but nevertheless, Kondrat Savrasov let his son go to the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture. Both teachers and classmates recognized the talent of the young artist and predicted a great future for him. But it so happened that, without having studied for even a year, Alexei, apparently due to his mother's illness, was forced to stop his studies. His teacher Karl Rabus turned for help to the chief police chief of Moscow, Major General Ivan Luzhin, who helped the talented young man get an art education.
If Luzhin had not taken part in the fate of the young artist, one of the most famous paintings in the history of Russian art would never have been born.
4. Vasily Polenov. "Moscow courtyard", 1878
Sometimes in order to write beautiful picture, the artist travels a lot, long and meticulously looking for the most beautiful views, in the end, finds the cherished place and over and over again comes there with a sketchbook. And it also happens that in order to create wonderful work, he just needs to go to his own window, look at a completely ordinary Moscow courtyard - and a miracle happens, an amazing landscape appears, filled with light and air.
It was precisely such a miracle that happened to the artist Vasily Polenov, who looked out of the window of his apartment in the early summer of 1878 and quickly wrote what he saw. Clouds glide easily across the sky, the sun rises higher and higher, heating the earth with its warmth, lighting up the domes of churches with brilliance, shortening thick shadows ... It would seem that a plain picture, which the artist himself did not take seriously at first: he painted and almost forgot about it. But then he was invited to take part in the exhibition. He did not have anything significant, and Polenov decided to exhibit "Moscow Courtyard".
Oddly enough, it was this “insignificant picture” that brought Vasily Polenov fame and glory - both the public and critics loved it: it has both warmth and bright colors, and its characters can be considered endlessly, inventing a story about each of them.
5. Ivan Shishkin. "Morning in a pine forest", 1889
“Morning in a Pine Forest” by Ivan Shishkin is probably the most famous painting from the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery. In our country, everyone knows her, thanks to reproductions in school textbooks, or maybe thanks to the Mishka kosolapy chocolates.
But not everyone knows that Shishkin himself painted only a morning forest in a foggy haze, and has nothing to do with bears. This picture is the fruit of the joint work of Shishkin and his friend, the artist Konstantin Savitsky.
Ivan Shishkin was consummate master depict all sorts of botanical subtleties - the critic Alexandre Benois pretty much scolded him for his addiction to photographic accuracy, called his paintings lifeless and cold. But the artist was not friends with zoology. They say that this is why Shishkin turned to Savitsky with a request to help him with the bears. Savitsky did not refuse his friend, but he did not take his work seriously - and did not sign it.
Later, Pavel Tretyakov purchased this painting from Shishkin, and the artist suggested that Savitsky leave a signature on the painting - after all, they worked on it together. Savitsky did just that, but Tretyakov did not like it. Declaring that he bought the painting from Shishkin, and did not want to know anything about Savitsky, he demanded a solvent and with my own hands removed the "extra" signature. And so it happened that today in the Tretyakov Gallery indicate the authorship of only one artist.
6. Viktor Vasnetsov. "Bogatyrs", 1898
Viktor Vasnetsov is considered the most "fabulous" artist in the history of Russian painting - it is his brushes that belong to such notable works like "Alyonushka", "Knight at the Crossroads", " Bogatyrsky lope" and many others. But his most famous painting is "Bogatyrs", which depicts the main characters of Russian epics.
The artist himself described the picture as follows: “Bogatyrs Dobrynya, Ilya and Alyosha Popovich at the heroic exit - they notice in the field, is there a thief somewhere, are they offending anyone somewhere?”
In the middle, on a black horse, Ilya Muromets, looks into the distance from under his palm, in one hand the hero has a spear, in the other a damask club. On the left, on a white horse, Dobrynya Nikitich, takes out a sword from its scabbard. On the right, Alyosha Popovich, on a red-colored horse, holds a bow with arrows in his hands. A curious story is connected with the heroes of this picture - more precisely, with their prototypes.
Viktor Vasnetsov thought for a long time what Ilya Muromets should look like, and for a long time he could not find the “right” face - bold, honest, expressing strength and kindness at the same time. But one day, quite by chance, he met with the peasant Ivan Petrov, who came to Moscow to work. The artist was amazed - on the Moscow street he saw the real Ilya Muromets. The peasant agreed to pose for Vasnetsov and ... remained for centuries.
In the epics, Dobrynya Nikitich is quite young, but for some reason Vasnetsov's painting depicts a middle-aged man. Why did the artist decide to act so freely with folk tales? The answer is simple: in the image of Dobrynya, Vasnetsov portrayed himself, it is enough to compare the picture with portraits and photographs of the artist.
7. Valentin Serov. "Girl with peaches. Portrait of V. S. Mamontova, 1887
"Girl with Peaches" is one of the most famous portraits in the history of Russian painting, written by the artist Valentin Serov.
The girl in the portrait is Verochka, the daughter of the philanthropist Savva Mamontov, in whose house the artist often visited. It is interesting that the peaches lying on the table were not brought from warm regions, but grew up not far from Moscow, right in the Abramtsevo estate, which was quite unusual in the 19th century. Mamontov worked as a gardener-wizard - in his skillful hands fruit trees bloomed even in February, and the harvest was already in early summer.
Thanks to Serov's portrait, Vera Mamontova went down in history, but the artist himself recalled how difficult it was for him to persuade a 12-year-old girl to pose, who was distinguished by an extremely restless character. Serov worked on the painting for almost a month, and every day Vera sat quietly in the dining room for several hours.
The work was not in vain: when the artist presented the portrait at the exhibition, the public liked the picture very much. And today, more than a hundred years later, The Girl with Peaches delights visitors to the Tretyakov Gallery.
8. Ilya Repin. "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16, 1581", 1883-1885
Looking at this or that picture, you often wonder what was the source of inspiration for the artist, what prompted him to write just such a work? In the case of Ilya Repin's painting "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16, 1581", it is not at all easy to guess the true reasons.
The painting depicts a legendary episode from the life of Ivan the Terrible, when in a fit of anger he dealt a mortal blow to his son Tsarevich Ivan. However, many historians believe that in fact there was no murder and the prince died of illness, and not at all at the hands of his father. It would seem that what can make an artist turn to such a historical episode?
As the artist himself recalled, the idea to paint the painting "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan" came to him after ... a concert at which he heard the music of the composer Rimsky-Korsakov. It was symphonic suite"Antar". The sounds of music took possession of the artist, and he wanted to embody in painting the mood that he created under the influence of this work.
But not only music has become a source of inspiration. Traveling through Europe in 1883, Repin attended a bullfight. The sight of this bloody spectacle impressed the artist, who wrote that, “infected ... with this bloodiness, upon arrival home, he immediately set to the bloody scene“ Ivan the Terrible with his son ”. And the picture of blood was a great success.”
9. Mikhail Vrubel. "Seated Demon", 1890
Sometimes the title of a picture means a lot. What does the viewer see at the first glance at Mikhail Vrubel's painting "Seated Demon"? A muscular young man sits on a rock and looks sadly at the sunset. But as soon as we pronounce the word "demon", the image of a magical unkind creature immediately arises. Meanwhile, the demon of Mikhail Vrubel is not an evil spirit at all. The artist himself said more than once that the demon is a spirit "not so much evil as suffering and mournful, but for all that, an imperious spirit, ... majestic."
This picture is interesting painting technique. The artist applies paint to the canvas not with the usual brush, but with a thin steel plate - a palette knife. This technique allows you to combine the techniques of a painter and a sculptor, literally “sculpt” a picture with the help of paints. This is how a “mosaic” effect is achieved - it seems that the sky, the rocks, and the hero’s body itself are not painted with paint, but are lined with carefully polished, perhaps even precious stones.
10. Alexander Ivanov. "The Appearance of Christ to the People (The Appearance of the Messiah)", 1837-1857
Alexander Ivanov's painting "The Appearance of Christ to the People" is a unique event in the history of Russian painting. It is not easy to talk about it with children, especially 6-7-year-olds, but they must see this monumental canvas, on which the artist has been working for more than 20 years and which has become the work of his whole life.
The plot of the picture is based on the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew: John the Baptist, baptizing the Jewish people on the banks of the Jordan in the name of the expected Savior, suddenly sees the One walking in whose name he baptizes people. About the compositional features of the picture, about its symbols and about artistic language the kids will find out later. During the first meeting, it is worth talking about how one painting became the work of the artist’s whole life.
After graduating from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Alexander Ivanov was sent "for an internship" to Italy. "The Appearance of Christ to the People" was supposed to be a reporting work. But the artist takes his work very seriously: he carefully studies Holy Bible, history, for months in search of the desired landscape, an endless amount of time looking for an image for each character in the picture. The money that was allocated to him for work is running out, Ivanov leads a beggarly existence. Painstaking work on the picture led to the fact that the artist spoiled his eyesight and had to be treated for a long time.
When Ivanov completed his work, the Italian public enthusiastically accepted the picture, this was one of the first cases European recognition Russian artist. In Russia, it was not immediately appreciated - only after the death of the artist did real fame come to him.
While working on the painting, Ivanov created more than 600 sketches. In the hall where it is exhibited, you can see some of them. It is interesting to use these examples to trace how the artist worked on the composition, landscape, and images of the characters in the picture.
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