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Biography, life story of Eugene Onegin
Eugene Onegin - main character novel of the same name in verse.character prototype
Many critics and writers have tried to identify who wrote the image of Onegin. There were many assumptions - Chaadaev himself ... However, the writer assured that Eugene Onegin is collective image noble youth.
Origin and early years
Eugene Onegin was born in St. Petersburg. He was the last representative of the noble noble family and heir to all his relatives.
Eugene was brought up at home, he tried to get a versatile education, but in the end he received a superficial one. He knew a little Latin, a few facts from world history. However, studies did not attract him as much as "science of tender passion". I preferred to celebrate and fun life enjoying every minute. He regularly attended secular receptions, theaters and balls, and also engaged in the conquest female hearts and minds.
The development and disclosure of Onegin's character according to the novel
In the first chapter, Eugene appears before the reader as a spoiled and narcissistic young man, completely deprived of moral principles and the ability to show empathy. When Onegin receives a letter that speaks of his uncle's illness, he reluctantly goes to him, regretting only that he will have to leave social life. In the second chapter, Eugene Onegin becomes a wealthy heir to his deceased uncle. He is still a merry fellow and a lover of festivities, however, thanks to the scenes of Onegin's communication with serfs, he shows the reader that understanding and sympathy are not at all alien to the hero.
The appearance of Vladimir Lensky, Onegin's new neighbor, helps the reader to see dark sides Eugene - envy, rivalry for the sake of rivalry, and not to achieve some goal.
In the third chapter of the novel, the writer begins love line. Eugene Onegin visits the Larins' house and conquers one of the master's daughters, Tatyana. Tatyana, in love, writes touching letters to Eugene with declarations of love, but does not receive an answer. In the fourth chapter, Tatyana and Evgeny still meet. Onegin assures Tatyana that if he dreamed of creating strong family, he would certainly take her as his wife, but such a life is not for him. Eugene advises Tatyana to come to terms with her fate and overcome her feelings. Tatyana is left alone with her painful love.
CONTINUED BELOW
A few years later, Eugene Onegin again arrives at the Larins' house. Out of boredom and for fun, he begins courting Olga, his sister Tatyana, and the fiancee of his friend Vladimir Lensky. Lensky challenges Onegin to a duel. As a result of the duel, Vladimir is killed. Shocked by the involuntary murder of his, perhaps, only friend and unable to understand himself and his motives, Evgeny sets off on a trip to Russia.
Three years later, Eugene Onegin meets Tatyana Larina in St. Petersburg. From an awkward girl, Tatyana turned into beautiful woman, charming and incredibly attractive. Eugene falls in love with the one who many years ago could save him from himself and from the evil that lives inside him. However, now Tatyana is the wife of a noble general. Eugene confesses his love to Tatyana and bombards her with romantic letters. At the end of the novel, Tatyana admits that she also has tender feelings for Eugene, but her heart is given to another. Eugene Onegin remains completely alone and confused. At the same time, it gives Onegin a clear understanding that no one is to blame for her current position and condition, except for himself. The realization of mistakes comes, but - alas! - too late.
The novel ends with a dialogue between Tatyana and Onegin. But the reader can understand that future life Eugene is unlikely to be radically different from how he lived throughout the novel. Eugene Onegin is a contradictory person, he is smart, but at the same time he is devoid of complacency, does not like people, but at the same time suffers without approval. In the first chapter of the novel, Pushkin speaks of his hero as follows: "Hard work made him sick". It is precisely because of this peculiarity of his that dreams of another life will remain only dreams for Onegin.
Eugene Onegin. Pushkin's illustration. With a few strokes of the pen, the type, character is conveyed and a hint of Byron is made. Only a person with all the makings of a professional artist can draw like that.
"Eugene Onegin", Pushkin's main work, is a poem about nothing. A young nobleman goes to the estate, the daughter of a neighbor landowner falls in love with him. The nobleman is indifferent to her. Out of boredom, he kills a friend in a duel and leaves for the city. After a few years, he meets a rejected girl, this is now a young wife wealthy man. The hero tries to court her, but is refused. All.
It is not interesting. Not just uninteresting, but mockingly uninteresting. This is the plot of "Count Nulin" and "The House in Kolomna" - elegant jokes, from the point of view of the content of the components with "Eugene Onegin" a kind of triptych. "Vanka is at home - Manka is not, Manka is at home - Vanka is not." But "Onegin" is a whole book, and "Nulin" and "House" together do not make even one chapter of the poem.
Even such an empty plot in Pushkin falls apart. The duel scene is unmotivated, it is the same insertion as the battle scene in Poltava, and even worse - the murder of Lensky should lead to the development of Onegin's character (the positive hero turns into a negative one), but this is not to tears. The author continues to admire "his Eugene".
Byron as a romantic poet. The real Byron resembled him just as Pushkin resembled Eugene Onegin.
Obviously, "Eugene Onegin" was written in imitation of Byron's "Don Juan", and from the point of view of the author's "I", the ironic style of narration and numerous digressions, this is undoubtedly true. But try to compare the content of two poems and you will start laughing in two minutes.
The action of Don Juan begins in Spain in the mid-18th century. The protagonist, almost a child, becomes the mother's friend's lover, and, caught by her husband in the bedroom, flees on a ship to Italy. The ship crashes, the passengers and crew perish, and the young Don Juan is thrown onto a deserted shore. He is found there by the beautiful Hyde, the daughter of a Greek pirate, and falls in love. But soon their father discovers them, captivates Don Juan and takes them to Constantinople to the slave market. The girl is dying of boredom. In Constantinople, the hero of the poem changes into a woman's dress and ends up in the Sultan's harem, where he falls in love with the beautiful Georgian woman Duda. Exposed, he, together with a fellow sufferer, an English officer, fled to Izmail, where Suvorov was conducting military operations against the Turks. Don Juan shows miracles of heroism, saves a five-year-old girl from the clutches of angry Cossacks. Turkish girl, receives a Russian order and is sent by Suvorov to St. Petersburg with a victorious report. Here he, it was, becomes Catherine's favorite, but soon leaves for London as a Russian envoy.
Illustration for "Don Juan". Favorite scene of the English: decide who is.
Young man find charming Greek women on the shore. Somewhere about it already wrote, and for a long time.
By the absence of events, "Eugene Onegin" is similar to Byron's comic poem "Beppo". The action of the poem takes place in Venice, a noble townswoman's husband disappears without a trace, she finds herself a permanent lover. But many years pass, and the husband appears in the form of a Turkish merchant. It turns out he was kidnapped by pirates, he converted to Islam, got rich and fled. As if nothing had happened, his wife begins to flirt with him, asking if he has a harem, if an oriental robe interferes with him, etc. The "merchant" shaves off his beard and becomes her husband again. And a friend of a lover. At the same time, all adventures remain behind the scenes. Tru-la-la.
But “Beppo”, like “The House in Kolomna”, is a very small thing, and Byron never attached serious importance to it (which would be strange).
There is a whole trend among Pushkin's illustrators that imitates the poet's sketches. The beginning of this tradition was laid by the artist Nikolai Vasilyevich Kuzmin, whose illustrations for "Eugene Onegin" were awarded a gold medal at the world exhibition in Paris in 1937.
Some consolation to the literary criticism of "Eugene Onegin" could serve as a satirical orientation of the poem. But neither is she. Also to tears. Byron's Don Juan, as it was written, began to degenerate into a satirical work - when the story reached the shores of the author's foggy homeland. That is, at the moment at which I stopped the retelling of the content of the poem above. After that, the development of the plot slows down, and the author begins to itch:
“There were two talented lawyers here,
Irish and Scottish by birth, -
Very learned and very eloquent.
Tweed's son was Cato by courtesy;
Erin's son - with the soul of an idealist:
Like a brave horse, in a fit of inspiration
He reared up and "carried" something,
When the potato question came up.
The Scot spoke wisely and decorously;
The Irishman was dreamy and wild:
Sublime, whimsical, picturesque
His enthusiastic language sounded.
The Scot was like harpsichords;
The Irishman is like a rushing spring,
It rang, always disturbing and beautiful,
Aeolian harp sweet-voiced.
There is no "potato question" and polemics between the Baltic Germans and crests in "Eugene Onegin". Even at the very beginning of work on the poem, Pushkin wrote to one of his correspondents:
“No one respects Don Juan more than me… but it has nothing in common with Onegin. You talk about the satire of the Englishman Byron and compare it with mine, and demand the same from me! No, my soul, you want a lot. Where is my satire? there is no mention of her in "Eugene Onegin". My embankment would crackle if I touched satire. The very word "satirical" should not be in the preface.
("Embankment" is the center of St. Petersburg, that is Winter Palace and the government. The word "satirical" is present in the preface, anonymously written by Pushkin himself, but in quotation marks of irony - see below.)
In this context, Belinsky declared (8 years after Pushkin's death) that "Eugene Onegin" is an "encyclopedia of Russian life":
“In his poem, he was able to touch on so many things, to hint about so many things, that he belongs exclusively to the world of Russian nature, to the world of Russian society! "Onegin" can be called an encyclopedia of Russian life and in the highest degree folk art."
"Encyclopedia of hints" - strong word! The famous "eleven articles on the writings of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin" are very detailed and endlessly fragmented philosophies of a village teacher. It is not clear “why and who needs this”, because the vocation of village teachers is to teach village children, and manuals for village teachers are written by city professors, but Belinsky is not such a fool. In his articles one can find (if desired) some common sense, especially when he writes about his own, rural. But the long-winded and childishly meticulous author does not confirm his thesis “about the encyclopedia”.
However, the "encyclopedia" was very liked by the Russian "critical mass" and went into growth like a dough.
Another amazing fragment from Belinsky's articles:
“Pushkin’s great feat was that he was the first in his novel to poetically reproduce the Russian society of that time and, in the person of Onegin and Lensky, showed its main, that is, the male side; but the feat of our poet is almost higher in that he was the first to poetically reproduce, in the person of Tatyana, a Russian woman.
Such monumentality is reminiscent of the beginning of the “Green Book” of the tragically deceased Arab enlightener: “A man is a man. A woman is also a person.
In fact, there is not only little action in Onegin, but the descriptions of this action are conditional and literary. Not only does the "encyclopedia" consist of five pages, not only are these pages filled not with articles, but with "hints", it is also "non-Russian".
Nabokov, in his commentary on Eugene Onegin, writes:
“We have before us not at all a “picture of Russian life”, at best, it is a picture depicting small group Russian people living in the second decade of the 19th century, having similarities with more obvious characters Western European novels and placed in a stylized Russia, which would immediately fall apart if the French props were removed and if the French scribes of English and German authors stopped suggesting words to Russian-speaking heroes and heroines. Paradoxically, from the point of view of the translator, the only essential Russian element of the novel is precisely the speech, the language of Pushkin, flowing in waves and breaking through the poetic melody, the like of which Russia has not yet known.
And elsewhere in the same comments:
“Russian critics… over a century have accumulated the most boring heap of comments in the history of civilized mankind… thousands of pages were devoted to Onegin as a representative of something (he is both a typical “extra person”, and a metaphysical “dandy”, etc.)… And here is an image borrowed from books, but brilliantly rethought by a great poet, for whom life and a book were one, and placed by this poet in a brilliantly recreated environment, and played by this poet in a whole series of compositional situations - lyrical transformations, brilliant foolishness, literary parodies etc., - is given out by Russian pedants (Nabokov probably wanted to say "gelerters") for sociological and historical phenomenon characteristic of the reign of Alexander I".
The problem (PROBLEM) of Belinsky is that he is not a writer. The basis of the national literary criticism these are the opinions of writers about each other, and, above all, the opinions of outstanding writers about each other. This is also followed by memoir literature (15%) and 15% of the work of textual critics and historians (which, at the very least, critics can be). As soon as critics close in on each other, they replace meaningful conversation with the production of ideological constructs. It's not that unnecessary, but simply "not there."
In the Russian history of literature, you will see many statements by Belinsky, Pisarev, Dobrolyubov, and so on, about writers, but very few statements by Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and so on. about each other. Obviously, this is not about that.
To this we can add that much more interesting fact are not the statements of the critics about the professionals, but the statements of the professionals about the critics. Regarding Belinsky, Pushkin remarked through his teeth:
“If with independence of opinion and with his wit he would combine more learning, more erudition, more respect for tradition, more circumspection - in a word, more maturity, then we would have a very remarkable criticism in him.”
Belinsky, not being a writer, did not understand the compositional and stylistic tasks facing professional writers. For example, the fact that the “spleen”, “spleen” of the protagonist is a very beneficial literary device that allows you to make arbitrary movements of the character across the space of the work. Why did Chichikov travel around the province and meet with the landowners? He had a business - he bought up dead souls. But the simplest "case" is idleness and boredom. Chichikov could meet with Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin (and thus give the reader the same periodic system human types) "just". Not much would have changed.
Under the boredom of Onegin, the basis of the “superfluous person” was summed up, who did not find a worthy application in tsarist Russia. And why did you miss the "London dandy"? After all, England had a constitutional monarchy and a parliament.
Maybe it's just a "bored male", which, in fact, is conveyed by the then euphemisms " socialite and "secular tiger". And a Russian proverb about a cat and eggs.
It must be said that Nabokov talks quite a lot in his comments about the shortcomings of Pushkin's "hallocentrism", which leads to the fact that our poet looked at Byron's work through the cloudy glasses of mediocre translations.
But Pushkin's shortcoming in this case was also a virtue. Nabokov's Anglocentrism was normal in the era of the Anglo-French interwar, and provided a bonus in the era of post-war Anglo-Saxon dominance. But the world of Pushkin AND BYRON is equally gallocentric. If Nabokov sneers at Pushkin's ignorance of German and in English, forcing him to read French translations, then the English and German authors of that time themselves, in turn, were colossally dependent on French literature.
Mentioning the "spleen" in his "Don Juan", Byron immediately refers to French origin term.
“So the men went hunting.
Hunting at a young age is ecstasy
And later - a sure remedy for spleen,
Idleness made it easier more than once.
French "ennui" ("boredom" - approx.) Not without a reason
So it took root in Britain with us;
Found a name in France
The yawns of our boring suffering.
So, what is the famous English spleen? Nothing but a PHYSICAL imitation of the insufficiently cultured islanders of the LITERARY RECEPTION of the developed French civilization.
Byron as a character in a French novel.
Or, - why be trifles, - Apollo. Oh, those little peoples! (In 1800, there were less than 9 million English people and they grew by leaps and bounds.)
But this is closer to the topic. Although here the red-faced esquire still tried to maintain an interesting pallor, and the features of obvious alcohol degradation were softened as much as possible.
In his youth, before the period of alcoholic maturity, Byron was a lame-footed, absent-minded student with a somewhat stupid face. Which, of course, does not detract from his poetic gift, as well as the miserable appearance of Alexander Sergeevich.
If the Georgians long time were world chess champions among women, the British won a place among the trendsetters - for men. At the same time, the English "Coco Chanel" Handsome Brummel, whom the British still admire, was a syphilitic with a sunken nose and cleaned his boots with champagne.
In the same way, Byron's personal life is an imitation of a very talented, but also insufficiently educated English botanist, of the adventures of the main characters of his day. French novels. But Benjamin Constant, for all his declared autobiography, did not look like the protagonist of his "Adolf", and in the same way Chateaubriand did not look like the hero of "Rene". The writer very rarely dances naked in the moonlight, although similar dances constantly describes in his works. Pushkin, following Byron, began to dance the hips, but quickly stopped - because he was more cultured, that is, in this case, he knew the culture of France better and felt it better.
Village teachers, in general, say the right things. Once such a teacher invented bis logarithmic tables. Eugene Onegin really was an extra person”, being the alter ego of the “superfluous poet” - Alexander Pushkin.
What is the reason for writing this work? What did the author mean by this? Nabokov believes that the reason is in the immanent properties of Pushkin's genius - but this is not a cause, but a consequence. Pushkin solved the artistic problem in the way he could solve it. The question is why this task was set.
With "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin sat on the floor and began to run his finger over his lips: blah blah, blah blah.
And it was done on purpose. Pushkin began to write specifically about nothing. The “House in Kolomna” and “Count Nulin” were written in the same way, and with the same IDEOLOGICAL pathos.
The meaning of "Onegin" is revealed in a rough draft of the preface to the first chapter. Pushkin writes:
“Let us be allowed to draw the attention of the most respectable public and gentlemen of journalists to a dignity that is still new in a satirical writer: the observation of strict decency in a comic description of morals. Juvenal, Petronius, Voltaire and Byron - not infrequently did not retain due respect for the reader and for the fair sex. They say that our ladies are beginning to read Russian. - We boldly offer them a work where they will find true and entertaining observations under a light veil of satirical gaiety. Another merit, almost equally important, which brings no small credit to our author's gentleness of heart, is the complete absence of offensive transition to personalities. For this should not be attributed solely to the paternal vigilance of our censorship, the guardian of morals, state tranquility, no matter how carefully guarding citizens from the attack of the ingenuous slander of mocking frivolity ... "
“Several songs or chapters of “Eugene Onegin” are already ready. Written under the influence of favorable circumstances, they bear the imprint of cheerfulness ... "
"Favorable Circumstances" is a reference that had an excellent effect on the good-naturedness of the author, who wrote a light, decent work that can be safely recommended to wives and daughters (a paraphrase of Piron's remark, made by him sincerely, but sounding mockingly in the mouth of a pornographic poet, about which Pushkin later wrote in one of the notes).
In other words, "Eugene Onegin" is a trifle for censorship, which is the only one able to allow such things to go into print, as well as a harsh and shrill, but still an apology from a teenager. This is a "correction" of Pushkin, who was exiled to the South for political epigrams, about which he speaks with foolishness in the draft of the preface.
Men's fashion of the Pushkin era. Its legislators were of course not the British, but the French. The British at the beginning of the 19th century carved out only a certain sector for themselves, and so far they have not advanced further than this ghetto. Which is also not bad - Russians or Germans do not have this either.
Probably in such a case, everything would have been limited to one or two or three chapters, but Pushkin (and the public) liked it, and he wrote great work. In general, the best of what they wrote.
And it didn't happen by accident either. Pushkin felt that the storyline was not very important for his poem. Moreover, due to the imitative nature of the work, it only interferes, for it turns free variations into dull rewriting (INEVITABLE at that level of Russian literary culture).
Oddly enough, it is the lack of action that makes Onegin so interesting to read. Imagine that the whole poem is written in the style of the destroyed "tenth chapter" (preserved in fragments). There it is smartly, witty and boldly written about history and politics, but this is mortal longing. (I believe that Alexander Sergeevich fully understood that the British humor of Byron and Stern would inevitably be replaced on Russian soil by furious rhymes.)
"Uninteresting plot" only enhances the true interest of Pushkin's main work. These are "cubes of the Russian language." Only these are not cubes for children, consisting of letters and syllables, but cubes for teenagers and even adults - cubes of phrases, feelings, comparisons, rhymes. "Eugene Onegin" is the Iliad of the Russian literary language, what the modern Russian language is made of. Reading "Onegin", memorizing it by heart is a real pleasure.
"More cupids, devils, snakes
They jump and make noise on the stage;
More tired lackeys
They sleep on fur coats at the entrance;
Haven't stopped stomping yet
Blow your nose, cough, hiss, clap;
Still outside and inside
Lanterns are shining everywhere;
Still, vegetating, the horses are fighting,
Bored with your harness,
And the coachmen, around the lights,
Scold the gentlemen and beat in the palm -
And Onegin went out;
He's going home to get dressed."
All this is spoken, thought through, felt, seen and heard (correct the mistake in the verb yourself). Imagine that you do not know the Russian language and suddenly you are given an injection of its perfect knowledge. And you begin to speak Russian, hear and understand Russian speech. Feel its phonetics, rhythm, style. Or some mind was given human body, and he starts hissing, clapping, jumping, stomping and jumping on one leg - everything is so cool, dexterous and unusual. That is why the study of "Eugene Onegin" is the pinnacle of foreign knowledge of the Russian language, and that is why foreigners who have mastered the Russian language rejoice in "Eugene Onegin" so much.
There are a lot of illustrations for "Eugene Onegin", and what happens quite rarely, there are many successful ones among them. This is a drawing by Samokish-Sudkovskaya, an artist of the late 19th century. She was reproached for "excessive prettiness", but after all, "Onegin" is largely REAL female romance and female illustrations are quite appropriate here. A thought that would have driven Nabokov (a teacher of literature at a women's college) into a frenzy.
And of course, why "Eugene Onegin" in translation is completely incomprehensible. This should be asked of the eccentric Nabokov. Of course, it was very interesting for a bilingual prose writer and poet to translate, this is clear. But then ... Nobody read the Nabokov translation - like everyone else.
But there is something else in Onegin. Otherwise, Russian culture would be bent and torn to Croatia or Poland. This is the "other" quality that I drew attention to when speaking about the structure of Pushkin's "Monument": PHILOLOGICAL EXCESSENCE.
Even the first lines of "Eugene Onegin" for a complete understanding require comments on several pages.
"My uncle is the most fair rules,
When I fell ill in earnest,
He forced himself to respect
And I couldn't think of a better one."
The first line is a hidden quote from Krylov's fable "The Donkey and the Man": "The donkey had the most honest rules." The donkey, hired to guard the cabbage in the garden, did not touch it, but chasing the crows, crushed it with its hooves. That is, uncle is an honest fool, a simpleton.
(Sometimes it is believed that the expression “I forced myself to respect” is not only Gallicism, but also a euphemism meaning death: “I forced everyone to stand up”, “I forced me to take off my hat”, “I forced me to honor my memory.” This is not true, since at the end of the chapter indicates that Onegin is going to a dying, but not yet dead relative.)
In addition, the entire quatrain is a direct imitation of the first chapter of Don Juan, which refers to the protagonist's uncle:
“The late Don José was a nice fellow…
He died without leaving a will
And Juan became the heir to everything ... "
The beginning of "Eugene Onegin" is zakovykanny, this is a transfer not even of words, but of the thoughts of the protagonist:
"Thus thought the young rake,
Flying in the dust on postage,
By the will of Zeus
Heir to all his relatives."
But a strange thing, if you do not know the philological context of the first quatrain, it will of course be read incorrectly, but this still will not affect general sense.
If you know the context, Pushkin wrote: “Yevgeny believes that his uncle is a straightforward fool, who foolishly (that is, suddenly) fell ill with a fatal illness and gave hope for an early inheritance.
If you don’t know the context, then the following is written: “Eugene considers his uncle a highly moral person who requires the same high quality from relatives and forcing them to take care of their health.
The continuation of the stanza puts everything in its place in both cases:
“His example to others is science;
But my god, what a bore
With the sick to sit day and night,
Not leaving a single step away!
What low deceit
Amuse the half-dead
Fix his pillows
Sad to give medicine
Sigh and think to yourself:
When will the devil take you!
And "bad uncle" and " good uncle” equally infuriates the nephew.
And here is an illustration that Alexander Sergeevich would undoubtedly like very much. After all, this is his 3D sketch of Onegin.
The first stanza of "Eugene Onegin" imitates Byron's poems, but at the same time relies on national tradition(still very frail). It is also ambiguous, but this ambiguity spares the inattentive reader.
The whole poem is written in a similar vein. Commentaries (underlined incomplete) Nabokov to this work amounted to a thousand pages. This piece is intricate and very well thought out. Dreams and predictions of Tatiana predict further development plot, the scene of the murder of Lensky and last meeting Onegin and Tatyana occur as if in a dream (in parallel reality). Tatyana's firm "no" does not look at all as firm as it seems, and of course, in general, "Onegin" is the same super-literary work as Cervantes' "Don Quixote", all built on allusions to a huge layer of chivalric novels. In this case, this romance novels 18th - early 19th century.
From the point of view of a literary critic, "Eugene Onegin" is an unthinkable synthesis of borrowings and originality. This is the devil's box...
"Eugene Onegin" creates the illusion of a huge literary tradition. Starting from THIS starting point, the Russians AS LIKE began their serious literature not from the beginning of the 19th century, but at least a hundred years earlier. Pushkin destroyed the cultural odds of the Europeans. Whereas the real tradition - and "tradition" is primarily a living tissue literary controversy, - arose after the death of Pushkin.
Thanks to this strange circumstance, Russian culture turns out to be autonomous (circular). She can grow on her own. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was brushed off the planet, and at the end of the 20th, the crumbs also disappeared - as if it were not there. What has changed in the world? Nothing. In eternity, everything that was Russian, of course, remained. But living life...
And what would happen if in 1917 all western civilization? And also nothing - the Russians would have had enough of themselves to continue to exist. There would be no degeneration. Even the destruction after 1917 took the Russians three generations of humiliation and murder to finally shut up.
Such completeness and autonomy is already contained in Pushkin (of course, in a potential form). By the way, some segments of his world did not turn around further, having dried up.
In conclusion of this chapter, I would advise reading "Eugene Onegin" to those who did not read it in adulthood or did not learn at least a few stanzas in childhood.
First, you will see the language you speak in its virginal purity. This language was created by Pushkin, and "Eugene Onegin" is the main work of the poet and the work, to the maximum extent, served as the basis of modern Russian vocabulary.
Secondly, - especially for people prone to intellectual abstractions - you will see how easily and how perfectly in our language it is possible to speak two-, three- and even four-meanings, revealing gradually, and maybe never, but at the same time disrupting the general train of thought.
Comparing La Fontaine (a fabulist, not a prose writer) with Krylov, Pushkin noted that despite the fact that, of course, Krylov imitates the famous Frenchman, there is a significant difference between them. La Fontaine, like all Frenchmen, is simple-hearted (straightforward, clear), and Krylov, like all Russians, has a "merry cunning of the mind."
Or, as the seminarian Klyuchevsky rudely said, both Great Russians and Ukrainians are deceivers. Only Ukrainians like to pretend to be smart, and Russians are fools.
In the end, the first graduation of the Alexander Lyceum produced two great people: the great poet Alexander Pushkin and the great diplomat Alexander Gorchakov.
Gorchakov. Pushkin's drawing.
Year of publication of the book: 1825
Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" is one of the most significant works in the work of the Russian poet. It took Pushkin more than seven years to write it, and the publication of this novel in verse took place one chapter at a time. The first chapter of the novel "Eugene Onegin" was published in 1825, and the full work was published only in 1933. Since then, the work has been reprinted more than once in more than 20 languages of the world, and the novel "Eugene Onegin" itself has become one of the most significant works in world literature. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that the author of the novel occupies the highest place in our rating, and his works are presented in many in the ratings of our site.
The name of the novel "Eugene Onegin" was given in honor of the protagonist of the work. The image of Eugene Onegin in the novel is spelled out quite well, and this is dedicated to most of the first chapter. This is a true nobleman who received an excellent education, was smart enough to know when to remain silent and when to joke in order to gain recognition in society. Before his uncle's illness, he lived in St. Petersburg and was completely absorbed in secular life, which he was fed up with and fed up with. After the death of his uncle, Eugene moves to the countryside, where at first he tries to dispel his blues with reformist ideas, but then he gets bored with it.
The poet and romantic Lensky unexpectedly becomes a friend of Onegin in the village. This young man has recently returned from his studies in Germany. He is full of romantic ideas and an idealist by nature. Unlike Eugene, who is more of a skeptic and a realist. But communication with Lensky amuses Onegin. Thanks to this, one day Onegin goes to meet Olga, Lensky's lover. Here he meets Olga's older sister, Tatyana.
The image of Tatyana in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is one of the most significant. First it ordinary girl, who falls in love with Onegin, and after conferring with the nanny, decides to write a letter about her feelings to Eugene. The protagonist of the novel "Eugene Onegin" is not inclined to family life, and such an openness of Tatyana's feelings, after love affairs Petersburg confuses him. Therefore, having come to Tatyana's house, he rejects the girl in the garden.
Lensky and Olga are doing very well, and the conversation goes already about the wedding. One day, Lensky persuades Onegin to go to Tatyana's name day, which, according to him, will be a quiet holiday. But having arrived there, the protagonist of the novel "Eugene Onegin" discovers a huge feast. For this, he decides to take revenge on Lensky, and begins to court Olga. This irritates the idealist Lensky and he challenges Onegin to a duel. Not Onegin on Lensky do not feel hatred for each other, but refusal can dishonor them. Therefore, the duel took place and Onegin kills Lensky. At the same time, he himself is very dissatisfied with this fact. 
Subsequently, the protagonist of the novel "Eugene Onegin" leaves for Europe, and Olga soon gets married. Only the image of Tatyana in the novel remains unchanged. She refuses all suitors and, in search of a party for her daughter, her parents take her to St. Petersburg. Here she becomes impregnable socialite. At the same time, Eugene Onegin returns to St. Petersburg. He is still full of blues, but at one of the balls he is again introduced to Tatyana. Now he falls in love with her and asks for her attention. But she is cold. And only once having called Tatiana to frankness, Onegin finds out that she still loves him, but she is given to another and will be faithful to him. This is where the novel ends.
The novel "Eugene Onegin" on the Top Books website
Despite the years, the novel "Eugene Onegin" is still popular to read. In many ways, schoolchildren also contribute to the popularization of the work, for whom "Eugene Onegin" should be read according to school curriculum. In addition, they write essays based on the novel "Eugene Onegin". All these factors, combined with the genius of the work, allowed the novel to take first place in our rating. In addition, quite legitimately, the novel "Eugene Onegin" occupies the highest place in our ranking. At the same time, the positions of the novel are quite stable, which is typical for truly iconic works.
You can read the novel "Eugene Onegin" online on the Top Books website.
What should everyone know about the famous novel in verse by Alexander Pushkin?
Text: Evgenia Vovchenko, Artem Novichenkov, writer, teacher of the course "School Literature"
Photo: play "Eugene Onegin" by the Vakhtangov Theatre. Director: Rimas Tuminas/vachtangova.ru.
"Eugene Onegin" by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is one of the most classic (if I may say so) works. Even those who have not mastered this novel in verse in its entirety are aware of all the events, because they certainly watched at least one of the adaptations, and possibly went to the theater. In extreme cases, you can always read a summary, and the fact that it is in prose is even more convenient. But to quote: “My uncle of the most honest rules…” or "I'm writing to you - why more?" everyone can. Because to admit in a decent society that you have not read or read, but forgot "Eugene Onegin", seems simply indecent. Therefore, the Year of Literature.RF, together with the YES TO READING literature educational project, decided to remind you of 10 facts about Eugene Onegin that will make you feel like an educated person in any society. And schoolchildren will be able to test their knowledge and find out if they are so well prepared for the upcoming
1.
"Eugene Onegin" was written for
7 years, 4 months and 17 days.
2.
The work was not published immediately, but partially, chapter by chapter.
Pushkin did not hide the fact that, among other things, this was explained by economic benefits.
The chapters were published as separate books, and then intertwined. 
3.
The name "Eugene Onegin" tells the reader - a contemporary of Pushkin, that
the hero, whose name is indicated in the title of the book, could not possibly be real.
It consists of the following: Eugene Onegin is a nobleman. But the name of a real nobleman could be associated with the river only if the entire river was in his possession. It is difficult to imagine the sole ownership of Onega.
Similarly with the surname of Vladimir Lensky. 
4.
It is interesting that, having started writing the first chapters, he did not have in his head general design. He lined up in the course of writing. And despite this, all the storylines seem to be arithmetically calculated and connected into a single whole. 
5.
Real people from the environment appeared in the first chapters young Pushkin. Mostly theater people.
6.
The fifth chapter was played by Pushkin in cards.
(Alexander Sergeevich was an avid gambler and even had a special note with the Moscow police as a well-known banker.) Having lost all the money, Pushkin, in the heat of excitement, tried to win back and put the manuscript of the 5th chapter, which also had a very real value: the publisher paid Pushkin 25 rubles per line! They began to play again, and again Pushkin lost - the manuscript passed to Zagryazhsky. Then Alexander Sergeevich put a box with dueling pistols on the line ... And - luck smiled at him: he played "Onegin", his money loss, and even "pinched" his playing partner for a thousand and a half!
True, Pushkin himself categorically denied the fact of losing the manuscript, assuring that he "paid with copies of the book." 
7.
Pushkin himself had 20 duels.
What is curious: the last duel, with Dantes, took place for the same reason as Onegin had with Lensky - however, in a rather general sense. On the other hand, the poet, unfortunately, foresaw the technical details of his own death quite accurately: Dantes, like Onegin, fired without reaching the barrier, while Pushkin, like Lensky, was only aiming. And one more coincidence: Onegin and Dantes at that moment were 25 years old each. 
8.
The lines about the burial place of Lensky make it clear that Lensky is not buried in the cemetery. Because
duels were banned, his death was most likely presented as a suicide,
to avoid scandal, and buried outside the cemetery.
“There is a place: to the left of the village,
Where did the pet of inspiration live,
Two pines have grown together with their roots;
Beneath them the trickles meandered
Creek of the neighboring valley.
There the plowman likes to rest,
And plunge the reapers into the waves
Ringing jugs come;
There by the stream in the thick shade
A simple monument has been erected."
9.
Pushkin, wanting to give the work a more finished look, initially wanted to either send Eugene Onegin to fight in the Caucasus, or turn him into a Decembrist. However, in the end, he allowed the reader to think out the ending.
10.
And why is Eugene Onegin still an encyclopedia of Russian life?
In the novel, as in the encyclopedia, you can learn everything about the era: about how they dressed and what was in fashion, what people valued most, what they talked about, what interests they lived. Briefly, but quite clearly, the author showed the fortress village, the lordly Moscow, secular St. Petersburg. "Eugene Onegin" reflected the whole of Russian life. 
If you want to know more, come to the educational courses of the YES TO READING project. All the details in the groups of the project in social networks.
The novel "Eugene Onegin" was written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1823-1831. The work is one of the most significant creations of Russian literature - according to Belinsky, it is an "encyclopedia of Russian life" of the early 19th century.
The novel in Pushkin's verse "Eugene Onegin" belongs to the literary direction of realism, although in the first chapters the influence of the traditions of romanticism on the author is still noticeable. The work has two storylines: the central - the tragic love story of Eugene Onegin and Tatiana Larina, as well as the secondary - the friendship of Onegin and Lensky.
Main characters
Eugene Onegin- a prominent young man of eighteen years old, a native of a noble family, who received a French "home education, a secular dandy who knows a lot about fashion, is very eloquent and knows how to present himself in society, a" philosopher ".
Tatyana Larina- the eldest daughter of the Larins, a quiet, calm, serious girl of seventeen who loved to read books and spend a lot of time alone.
Vladimir Lensky- a young landowner who was "nearly eighteen years old", a poet, a dreamy person. At the beginning of the novel, Vladimir returns to his native village from Germany, where he studied.
Olga Larina- the youngest daughter of the Larins, the beloved and bride of Vladimir Lensky, always cheerful and sweet, she was the complete opposite of her older sister.
Other characters
Princess Polina (Praskovya) Larina- mother of Olga and Tatyana Larin.
Filipyevna- Tatiana's nanny.
Princess Alina- Tatyana and Olga's aunt, Praskovya's sister.
Zaretsky- a neighbor of Onegin and Larin, Vladimir's second in a duel with Eugene, a former gambler who became a "peaceful" landowner.
Prince N.- Tatyana's husband, "an important general", a friend of Onegin's youth.
The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" begins with a brief author's address to the reader, in which Pushkin characterizes his work:
“Accept a collection of colorful heads,
Half funny, half sad
vulgar, ideal,
The careless fruit of my amusements.
Chapter first
In the first chapter, the author introduces the reader to the hero of the novel - Eugene Onegin, the heir to a wealthy family, who hurries to his dying uncle. The young man was “born on the banks of the Neva”, his father lived in debt, often arranged balls, which is why he completely lost his fortune.
When Onegin was old enough to go out into the world, high society the young man was well received, since he spoke excellent French, easily danced the mazurka and knew how to talk at ease on any topic. However, it was not science and not brilliance in society that interested Eugene most of all - “ true genius"He was in the" science of tender passion "- Onegin could turn the head of any lady, while remaining on friendly terms with her husband and fans.
Eugene lived an idle life, walking along the boulevard during the day, and in the evening visiting luxurious salons where he was invited famous people Petersburg. The author emphasizes that Onegin, "afraid of jealous condemnations", was very careful about his appearance, so he could be in front of the mirror for three hours, bringing his image to perfection. Yevgeny returned from the balls in the morning, when the rest of the inhabitants of St. Petersburg rush to work. By noon, the young man woke up and again
"Until the morning his life is ready,
Monotonous and motley ".
However, is Onegin happy?
“No: early the feelings in him cooled down;
He was tired of the noise of the world.
Gradually, the “Russian melancholy” took possession of the hero, and he, like Chaid-Harold, appeared gloomy and languid in the world - “nothing touched him, he did not notice anything.”
Eugene closes himself off from society, locks himself at home and tries to write on his own, but the young man does not succeed, because "he was sick of hard work." After that, the hero begins to read a lot, but understands that literature will not save him either: "like women, he left books." Eugene from a sociable, secular person becomes a closed young man, prone to a "caustic dispute" and "a joke with bile in half."
Onegin and the narrator (according to the author, it was at this time that they met the main character) were going to leave St. Petersburg abroad, but their plans were changed by the death of their father Eugene. The young man had to give up all his inheritance to pay his father's debts, so the hero remained in St. Petersburg. Soon Onegin received news that his uncle was dying and wanted to say goodbye to his nephew. When the hero arrived, the uncle had already died. As it turned out, the deceased bequeathed to Eugene a huge estate: land, forests, factories.
Chapter Two
Eugene lived in a picturesque village, his house was by the river, surrounded by a garden. Wanting to somehow entertain himself, Onegin decided to introduce new orders in his possessions: he replaced the corvée with "easy dues". Because of this, the neighbors began to be wary of the hero, believing that "he is the most dangerous eccentric." At the same time, Eugene himself shunned his neighbors, avoiding getting to know them in every possible way.
At the same time, a young landowner Vladimir Lensky returned to one of the nearest villages from Germany. Vladimir was a romantic nature,
"With a soul straight from Goettingen,
Handsome, in full bloom of years,
Kant's admirer and poet".
Lensky wrote his poems about love, was a dreamer and hoped to unravel the mystery of the purpose of life. In the village, Lensky, "according to custom", was mistaken for a profitable groom.
However, among the villagers, the figure of Onegin attracted Lensky's special attention, and Vladimir and Eugene gradually became friends:
“They got along. Wave and stone
Poems and prose, ice and fire".
Vladimir read his works to Yevgeny, talked about philosophical things. Onegin listened with a smile to Lensky's ardent speeches, but refrained from trying to reason with his friend, realizing that life itself would do this for him. Gradually, Eugene notices that Vladimir is in love. Lensky's lover turned out to be Olga Larina, with whom the young man had known since childhood, and his parents predicted their wedding in the future.
"Always modest, always obedient,
Always as cheerful as the morning
How simple is the life of a poet,
How sweet is the kiss of love."
The complete opposite of Olga was her older sister, Tatyana:
"Dika, sad, silent,
Like a doe forest is timid.
The girl did not find the usual girlish amusements cheerful, she loved to read the novels of Richardson and Rousseau,
And often all day alone
Sitting silently by the window.
The mother of Tatyana and Olga, Princess Polina, in her youth was in love with another - with a sergeant of the guard, a dandy and a player, but without asking her parents married her to Larin. The woman was sad at first, and then she took up housekeeping, “she got used to it and became satisfied,” and gradually peace reigned in their family. Having lived a quiet life, Larin grew old and died.
Chapter Three
Lensky begins to spend all his evenings with the Larins. Eugene is surprised that he found a friend in the society of a "simple, Russian family", where all conversations come down to a discussion of the economy. Lensky explains that he is more pleased with home society than a secular circle. Onegin asks if he can see Lensky's beloved and a friend calls him to go to the Larins.
Returning from the Larins, Onegin tells Vladimir that he was pleased to meet them, but his attention was more attracted not by Olga, who "has no life in features", but by her sister Tatyana "who is sad and silent, like Svetlana". The appearance of Onegin at the Larins caused gossip that, perhaps, Tatyana and Evgeny were already engaged. Tatyana realizes that she has fallen in love with Onegin. The girl begins to see Eugene in the heroes of novels, dreaming about a young man, walking in the "silence of the forests" with books about love.
One sleepless night, Tatyana, sitting in the garden, asks the nanny to tell her about her youth, about whether the woman was in love. The nanny reveals that she was given an arranged marriage at the age of 13 to a guy younger than her, so the old lady doesn't know what love is. Gazing at the moon, Tatyana decides to write a letter to Onegin with a declaration of love in French, since at that time it was customary to write letters exclusively in French.
In the message, the girl writes that she would be silent about her feelings if she was sure that she could at least sometimes see Eugene. Tatyana argues that if Onegin had not settled in their village, perhaps her fate would have been different. But he immediately denies this possibility:
“That is the will of heaven: I am yours;
My whole life has been a pledge
Faithful goodbye to you.
Tatyana writes that it was Onegin who appeared to her in her dreams and that she dreamed about him. At the end of the letter, the girl “gives” Onegin her fate:
"I'm waiting for you: with a single look
Revive the hopes of your heart
Or break a heavy dream,
Alas, a well-deserved reproach!”
In the morning, Tatyana asks Filipyevna to give Evgeny a letter. For two days there was no answer from Onegin. Lensky assures that Yevgeny promised to visit the Larins. Finally Onegin arrives. Tatyana, frightened, runs into the garden. Having calmed down a little, he goes out into the alley and sees Evgeny standing “like a formidable shadow” right in front of him.
Chapter Four
Eugene, who was disappointed with relationships with women in his youth, was touched by Tatyana's letter, and that is why he did not want to deceive the gullible, innocent girl.
Meeting Tatyana in the garden, Evgeny spoke first. The young man said that he was very touched by her sincerity, so he wants to "repay" the girl with his "confession". Onegin tells Tatyana that if a “pleasant lot ordered” him to become a father and husband, then he would not look for another bride, choosing Tatyana as a “friend of sad days”. However, Eugene "is not created for bliss." Onegin says that he loves Tatyana like a brother, and at the end of his "confession" turns into a sermon to the girl:
“Learn to rule yourself;
Not everyone will understand you like me;
Inexperience leads to trouble."
Speaking about Onegin's act, the narrator writes that Eugene acted very nobly with the girl.
After the date in the garden, Tatyana became even sadder, worrying about unhappy love. There is talk among the neighbors that it is time for the girl to get married. At this time, the relationship between Lensky and Olga is developing, young people are spending more and more time together.
Onegin lived as a hermit, walking and reading. In one of winter evenings Lensky comes to him. Eugene asks a friend about Tatyana and Olga. Vladimir says that their wedding with Olga is scheduled in two weeks, which Lensky is very happy about. In addition, Vladimir recalls that the Larins invited Onegin to visit Tatiana's name day.
Chapter Five
Tatyana was very fond of the Russian winter, including Epiphany evenings, when the girls were guessing. She believed in dreams, omens and divination. One of the Epiphany evenings, Tatyana went to bed, putting a girl's mirror under her pillow.
The girl dreamed that she was walking through the snow in the darkness, and in front of her the river rustled, through which a “trembling, fatal bridge” was thrown. Tatyana does not know how to cross it, but here with reverse side A bear appears and helps her cross the creek. The girl tries to run away from the bear, but the "shaggy footman" followed her. Tatyana, unable to run any longer, falls into the snow. The bear picks her up and brings her into a "wretched" hut that has appeared between the trees, telling the girl that his godfather is here. Coming to her senses, Tatyana saw that she was in the hallway, and behind the door one could hear “a scream and the clinking of a glass, like at a big funeral.” The girl looked through the crack: there were monsters sitting at the table, among which she saw Onegin, the owner of the feast. Out of curiosity, the girl opens the door, all the monsters begin to reach out to her, but Eugene drives them away. The monsters disappear, Onegin and Tatyana sit down on a bench, the young man puts his head on the girl's shoulder. Then Olga and Lensky appear, Evgeny begins to scold uninvited guests, suddenly pulls out a long knife and kills Vladimir. Terrified, Tatyana wakes up and tries to interpret the dream according to the book of Martyn Zadeki (fortune teller, interpreter of dreams).
Tatyana's birthday, the house is full of guests, everyone is laughing, crowding, greeting. Lensky and Onegin arrive. Yevgeny is seated opposite Tatyana. The girl is embarrassed, afraid to raise her eyes to Onegin, she is ready to burst into tears. Eugene, noticing Tatyana's excitement, got angry and decided to take revenge on Lensky, who brought him to the feast. When the dancing began, Onegin invites only Olga, without leaving the girl even in between dances. Lensky, seeing this, "flares up in jealous indignation." Even when Vladimir wants to invite the bride to dance, it turns out that she has already promised Onegin.
“Lenskaya is unable to bear the blow” - Vladimir leaves the holiday, thinking that only a duel can solve the current situation.
Chapter Six
Noticing that Vladimir had left, Onegin lost all interest in Olga and returned home at the end of the evening. In the morning, Zaretsky comes to Onegin and gives him a note from Lensky with a challenge to a duel. Eugene agrees to a duel, but, left alone, blames himself for joking about his friend's love in vain. According to the terms of the duel, the heroes had to meet at the mill before dawn.
Before the duel, Lensky stopped by Olga, thinking to embarrass her, but the girl joyfully met him, which dispelled the jealousy and annoyance of her beloved. All evening Lensky was distracted. Arriving home from Olga, Vladimir examined the pistols and, thinking about Olga, writes poems in which he asks the girl to come to his grave in case of his death.
In the morning, Eugene overslept, so he was late for the duel. Zaretsky was Vladimir's second, Monsieur Guillot was Onegin's second. At the command of Zaretsky, the young men met, and the duel began. Evgeny is the first to raise his pistol - when Lensky just started aiming, Onegin is already shooting and killing Vladimir. Lensky dies instantly. Eugene looks at the body of a friend in horror.
Chapter Seven
Olga did not cry for Lensky for a long time, soon fell in love with a lancer and married him. After the wedding, the girl left for the regiment with her husband.
Tatyana still could not forget Onegin. One day, walking around the field at night, the girl accidentally came to the house of Eugene. The yard family greets the girl in a friendly way and Tatyana is let into Onegin's house. The girl, examining the rooms, “for a long time in a fashionable cell stands as enchanted.” Tatyana begins to constantly visit Yevgeny's house. The girl reads the books of her lover, trying to understand from the notes in the margins what kind of person Onegin is.
At this time, the Larins begin to talk about the fact that it is high time for Tatyana to marry. Princess Polina is worried that her daughter is refusing everyone. Larina is advised to take the girl to the “bride fair” in Moscow.
In winter, Larins, having collected everything they need, leave for Moscow. They stopped at an old aunt, Princess Alina. Larins begin to travel around to numerous acquaintances and relatives, but the girl is bored and uninteresting everywhere. Finally, Tatyana is brought to the “Meeting”, where many brides, dandies, and hussars have gathered. While everyone is having fun and dancing, the girl, "unnoticed by anyone" stands at the column, recalling life in the village. Here one of the aunts drew Tanya's attention to the "fat general".
Chapter Eight
The narrator meets again with the already 26-year-old Onegin at one of the social events. Eugene
"languishing in the idleness of leisure
No service, no wife, no business,
Couldn't do anything."
Before this Onegin for a long time traveled, but he was tired of that, and, behold, "he returned and, like Chatsky, got from the ship to the ball."
At the party, a lady appears with the general, who attracts the general attention of the public. This woman looked "quiet" and "simple". Evgeny recognizes Tatyana in a secular lady. Asking a familiar prince who this woman is, Onegin learns that she is the wife of this prince and is really Tatyana Larina. When the prince brings Onegin to the woman, Tatyana does not betray her excitement at all, while Eugene is speechless. Onegin cannot believe that this is the same girl who once wrote him a letter.
In the morning, Evgeny was brought an invitation from Prince N., Tatyana's wife. Onegin, alarmed by memories, eagerly goes to visit, but the “stately”, “careless legislator of the hall” does not seem to notice him. Unable to stand it, Eugene writes a letter to the woman, in which he confesses his love for her, ending the message with the lines:
“Everything is decided: I am in your will,
And surrender to my fate."
However, no response comes. The man sends the second, third letter. Onegin was again “caught” by the “cruel blues”, he again locked himself in his office and began to read a lot, constantly thinking and dreaming about “secret legends, heartfelt, dark antiquity”.
In one of spring days Onegin, without an invitation, goes to Tatyana. Eugene finds a woman weeping bitterly over his letter. The man falls at her feet. Tatyana asks him to get up and reminds Evgeny how in the garden, in the alley, she humbly listened to his lesson, now it's her turn. She tells Onegin that she was in love with him then, but found only severity in his heart, although she does not blame him, considering the man's act noble. The woman understands that now she is in many ways interesting to Eugene precisely because she has become a prominent secular lady. In parting, Tatyana says:
“I love you (why lie?),
But I am given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever"
And leaves. Eugene is "as if struck by a thunder" by Tatyana's words.
"But the spurs suddenly rang out,
And Tatyana's husband showed up,
And here is my hero
In a minute, evil for him,
Reader, we will now leave,
For a long time ... forever ... ".
conclusions
The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" is striking in its depth of thought, the volume of the described events, phenomena and characters. Depicting in the work the customs and life of cold, "European" St. Petersburg, patriarchal Moscow and the village - the center of folk culture, the author shows the reader Russian life in general. Brief retelling"Eugene Onegin" allows you to get acquainted only with the central episodes of the novel in verse, therefore, for a better understanding of the work, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with complete version masterpiece of Russian literature.
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